让我们回到《爱德·伍德传》(Ed Wood)里的50年代好莱坞……无数追寻电影梦的人跑到这里找寻机会。两名野心勃勃的年轻电影人在好莱坞打滚了一段日子,蠢蠢欲动创立自家的小型片厂,凭借两人精明的商业头脑,出品大批广受青年观众爱戴...让我们回到《爱德·伍德传》(Ed Wood)里的50年代好莱坞……无数追寻电影梦的人跑到这里找寻机会。两名野心勃勃的年轻电影人在好莱坞打滚了一段日子,蠢蠢欲动创立自家的小型片厂,凭借两人精明的商业头脑,出品大批广受青年观众爱戴的电影,带起的风潮甚至反过来影响主流电影。这家名为"美利坚国际影业"(American International Pictures,简称AlP)的小片厂,成为美国家传互晓的次级娱乐片生产基地,开创一代B级片的王朝盛世。展开更多
2016年是泌尿外科医生值得纪念的年度,40年前,也就是1976年,世界上第一篇有关经皮肾手术的文章得以发表。经过40年的发展,经皮肾技术已十分完善,其有效性和安全性得到了泌尿外科医生的广泛认同,美国泌尿外科学会（American Urological A...2016年是泌尿外科医生值得纪念的年度,40年前,也就是1976年,世界上第一篇有关经皮肾手术的文章得以发表。经过40年的发展,经皮肾技术已十分完善,其有效性和安全性得到了泌尿外科医生的广泛认同,美国泌尿外科学会（American Urological Association,AUA）、欧洲泌尿外科学会（European Association Of Urology,EAU）和中国泌尿外科学会（Chinese Urological Association,CUA）均将其列为2cm以上肾结石的首选治疗方法.展开更多
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which blood sugar levels are abnormally high because either absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Treatment of diabetes involves diet, exercise, education and for...Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which blood sugar levels are abnormally high because either absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Treatment of diabetes involves diet, exercise, education and for most people, drugs. Oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin doses may be affected by co-administration of many drugs including aspirin. Dose adjustments may be necessary. The pain killer effect of aspirin is best known for its effects on the two cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX1 & COX2), but, recently, aspirin could specifically inhibit the protein I-kappa-β-kinase beta (IKK-beta). This kinase is used for its role in the cascade of signals that activate the nuclear factor kappa-b (NF-kappa-B) family of cellular genes which regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Now, it turns out that IKK-beta also works in another pathway to contribute to insulin resistance by interfering with insulin signaling. Objective: In view of the recent rodent data demonstrating a potentially important role of IKKβ in mediating insulin resistance and the ability of salicylates to inhibit IKKβ activity, we decided to examine the role of different doses of aspirin (low, moderate and high) in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: DM in rats were induced by administration of nicotinamide (NAD), 15 min prior to the single dose of streptozotocin STZ i.p. Ninety male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 6 main groups. The first was served as control which receives no medications. The second group was diabetic induced rats as mentioned above. The third group was controlled by insulin after induction of D.M. Groups from the fourth to the six consist of 20 diabetic induced rats and further subdivided into rats taking either aspirin alone in different doses (low, moderate or high) or aspirin and insulin. At the end of the protocol, fasting blood sugar level (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c%), total serum proteins, C-peptide, lipid profile and C-reactive proteins were measured. Results: Different doses of aspirin showed that moderate and to a greater extent high dose aspirin administration to diabetic rats have greater impact on fasting blood glucose levels whether treated with insulin or not. Again, HBA1c% in diabetic rats treated with insulin and receiving HDA was lower than diabetic rats treated with insulin only or even taking LDA in addition. On the contrary, different doses of aspirin (LDA, MDA&HDA) administration to diabetic rats have no any influence on HBA1c% as compared to normal non-diabetic rats. TGs in diabetic rats receiving MDA alone was elevated as compared to normal non-diabetic rats. Again, moderate and HDA in diabetic rats not taking insulin had high TGs level as compared to diabetic rats treated with insulin only. Conclusion: The study concluded that the inflammatory pathways hold a substantial part in insulin resistance in type 2 DM. The influence of salicylate compounds on insulin sensitivity is multifactorial especially in high doses, and involves both beneficial and deleterious effects depending on the species and experimental model studied.展开更多
文摘让我们回到《爱德·伍德传》(Ed Wood)里的50年代好莱坞……无数追寻电影梦的人跑到这里找寻机会。两名野心勃勃的年轻电影人在好莱坞打滚了一段日子,蠢蠢欲动创立自家的小型片厂,凭借两人精明的商业头脑,出品大批广受青年观众爱戴的电影,带起的风潮甚至反过来影响主流电影。这家名为"美利坚国际影业"(American International Pictures,简称AlP)的小片厂,成为美国家传互晓的次级娱乐片生产基地,开创一代B级片的王朝盛世。
文摘2016年是泌尿外科医生值得纪念的年度,40年前,也就是1976年,世界上第一篇有关经皮肾手术的文章得以发表。经过40年的发展,经皮肾技术已十分完善,其有效性和安全性得到了泌尿外科医生的广泛认同,美国泌尿外科学会（American Urological Association,AUA）、欧洲泌尿外科学会（European Association Of Urology,EAU）和中国泌尿外科学会（Chinese Urological Association,CUA）均将其列为2cm以上肾结石的首选治疗方法.
文摘Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which blood sugar levels are abnormally high because either absolute or relative insulin deficiency. Treatment of diabetes involves diet, exercise, education and for most people, drugs. Oral antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin doses may be affected by co-administration of many drugs including aspirin. Dose adjustments may be necessary. The pain killer effect of aspirin is best known for its effects on the two cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX1 & COX2), but, recently, aspirin could specifically inhibit the protein I-kappa-β-kinase beta (IKK-beta). This kinase is used for its role in the cascade of signals that activate the nuclear factor kappa-b (NF-kappa-B) family of cellular genes which regulate inflammatory and immune responses. Now, it turns out that IKK-beta also works in another pathway to contribute to insulin resistance by interfering with insulin signaling. Objective: In view of the recent rodent data demonstrating a potentially important role of IKKβ in mediating insulin resistance and the ability of salicylates to inhibit IKKβ activity, we decided to examine the role of different doses of aspirin (low, moderate and high) in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: DM in rats were induced by administration of nicotinamide (NAD), 15 min prior to the single dose of streptozotocin STZ i.p. Ninety male albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into 6 main groups. The first was served as control which receives no medications. The second group was diabetic induced rats as mentioned above. The third group was controlled by insulin after induction of D.M. Groups from the fourth to the six consist of 20 diabetic induced rats and further subdivided into rats taking either aspirin alone in different doses (low, moderate or high) or aspirin and insulin. At the end of the protocol, fasting blood sugar level (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c%), total serum proteins, C-peptide, lipid profile and C-reactive proteins were measured. Results: Different doses of aspirin showed that moderate and to a greater extent high dose aspirin administration to diabetic rats have greater impact on fasting blood glucose levels whether treated with insulin or not. Again, HBA1c% in diabetic rats treated with insulin and receiving HDA was lower than diabetic rats treated with insulin only or even taking LDA in addition. On the contrary, different doses of aspirin (LDA, MDA&HDA) administration to diabetic rats have no any influence on HBA1c% as compared to normal non-diabetic rats. TGs in diabetic rats receiving MDA alone was elevated as compared to normal non-diabetic rats. Again, moderate and HDA in diabetic rats not taking insulin had high TGs level as compared to diabetic rats treated with insulin only. Conclusion: The study concluded that the inflammatory pathways hold a substantial part in insulin resistance in type 2 DM. The influence of salicylate compounds on insulin sensitivity is multifactorial especially in high doses, and involves both beneficial and deleterious effects depending on the species and experimental model studied.
