In this study,araucarene diterpenes,characterized by a pimarene skeleton with a variably oxidized side chain at C-13,were investigated.A total of 16 araucarene diterpenoids and their derivatives were isolated from the...In this study,araucarene diterpenes,characterized by a pimarene skeleton with a variably oxidized side chain at C-13,were investigated.A total of 16 araucarene diterpenoids and their derivatives were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara,including 11 previously unreported compounds:dammaradione(1),dammarones D-G(2,5,14,15),dammaric acids B-F(8-12),and dammarol(16).The structures of these new compounds were elucidated using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HR-ESI-MS)and one-dimensional/two-dimensional(1D/2D)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),while their absolute configurations were determined through the electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method and Snatzke's method.The hypoglycemic activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated using a transgenic zebrafish model,and a structure-activity relationship(SAR)analysis was conducted.Araucarone(3)and dammaric acid C(9),serving as representative compounds,demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effects on zebrafish.The primary mechanism involves the promotion of pancreatic β cell regeneration and glucose uptake.Specifically,these compounds enhance the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine precursor cells(PEP cells)intoβcells in zebrafish.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the formulation of loquat leaf hypoglycemic solid beverage.[Methods]Using sensory evaluation scores based on product appearance(granularity),solution state,odor,and taste as the evaluation indi...[Objectives]To optimize the formulation of loquat leaf hypoglycemic solid beverage.[Methods]Using sensory evaluation scores based on product appearance(granularity),solution state,odor,and taste as the evaluation indicators,the formulation of the loquat Leaf hypoglycemic solid beverage was optimized by an L 9(34)orthogonal design.[Results]The optimal formulation for the loquat leaf triterpenoid solid beverage was as follows:a 1:13 ratio of the main ingredient to the excipient blend(maltodextrin:mannitol=2.2:12);and mogrosides content at 0.20%.[Conclusions]The optimal formulation for the loquat leaf triterpenoid solid beverage,obtained in this study,is scientifically sound and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for the future product development and utilization of loquat leaf resources.展开更多
BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus a...BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects,providing a basis for its broader application.METHODS The lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics.Neutral lipid staining in A.pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromato-graphy.A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A.pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.RESULTS After comparing the effects of three culture media,namely,brain heart infusion(BHI)medium with 2%glucose,chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium,and mineral salt medium,A.pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2%glucose and produced the most lipids.A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified,with higher levels of coenzyme Q9(CoQ9),oleic acid(OA),and wax ester,but no triacylglycerol was observed.It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A.pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA.They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice,repaired damaged pancreatic tissues,and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.CONCLUSION Under high-nutrient growth conditions,A.pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components,such as CoQ9 and OA,with good hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes(T2D)presents a significant health challenge,underscoring the need for functional foods and nutraceutical hypoglycemic bioactive peptides for its prevention.This study investigates the potential of prot...Type 2 diabetes(T2D)presents a significant health challenge,underscoring the need for functional foods and nutraceutical hypoglycemic bioactive peptides for its prevention.This study investigates the potential of proteolytic hydrolysate from artificially cultivated Chinese giant salamander(CGS)meat,a rich protein source,as a preventive strategy for T2D.We produced a CGS meat hydrolysate(CGSh)and demonstrated its ability to inhibit the T2D drug target dipeptidyl peptidaseⅣ(DPP-Ⅳ)through in vitro assays.We identified 5 peptides(WRPPDH,WAPPSKD,IPDSPF,IPEMIF,and VPIAVPT)with high DPP-Ⅳinhibitory activity in CGSh,suggesting its potential antidiabetic effects.In vivo experiments showed that CGSh effectively reduced insulin resistance in mice induced with a high-fat diet,as evidenced by a slower increase in blood glucose levels and a decreased HOMA-IR index.16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that CGSh improved gut microbial homeostasis,promoting beneficial microorganisms and reducing harmful bacteria.Metabolomic analyses identified an increase in valeric acid levels and highlighted nine potential biomarker metabolites.By inhibiting metabolic pathways such as AGE-RAGE,CGSh might also prevent diabetic complications and reduce inflammation.These findings suggest that CGSh has a promising hypoglycemic effect,making it a potential functional food ingredient for T2D prevention and treatment.展开更多
The polysaccharides in yam bulbils were extracted, and their antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice were discussed. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in yam bul...The polysaccharides in yam bulbils were extracted, and their antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice were discussed. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in yam bulbils was signifi- cantly enhanced with the increase of concentration; they showed a strong scaveng- ing ability against DPPH. and .OH, and the scavenging ability was dose dependent to some extent; the scavenging rates reached 91.15% and 89.06% respectively when the dose reached 4.0 mg/ml; the polysaccharides in yam bulbils significantly educed the blood glucose in model rice, and the hypoglycemic effect of large-dose polysaccharides was more obvious. The polysaccharides in yam bulbils has good antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect, which provides a new source for devel- opment of safe and natural food antioxidants and blood sugar-lowering agents.展开更多
Zingiber striolatum Diels （Zingiberaceae） is an edible plant resource in the Chinese folk with special efficacy in relieving diabetes and constipation, which has been documented in the Compendium ofMateria Medica. H...Zingiber striolatum Diels （Zingiberaceae） is an edible plant resource in the Chinese folk with special efficacy in relieving diabetes and constipation, which has been documented in the Compendium ofMateria Medica. However, its hypoglycemic activity and constituents have not been reported yet. In the present study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic activity of Z. striolatum in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, and we developed ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） based chemical profiling method for rapid analysis of Z. striolatum. As a result, the ethanol extract from Z. striolatum showed significant hypoglycemic activity in HepG2 cells, and 22 flavonoids compounds were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data. In conclusion, the method of hypoglycemic screening in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells coupled with UPLC-MS/MS is a feasible and credible technique to separate and identify the active constituents in complex matrices of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
Aim To evaluate the inhibitory effect of chitosan-cysteine conjugate onenzymatic degradation and hypogly-cemic enhancement effect of insulin. Methods Chitosan-cysteineconjugate was synthesized. The protective effect o...Aim To evaluate the inhibitory effect of chitosan-cysteine conjugate onenzymatic degradation and hypogly-cemic enhancement effect of insulin. Methods Chitosan-cysteineconjugate was synthesized. The protective effect of the conjugate against degradation of insulin byα-chymotrypsin and trypsin was evaluated in vitro. Insulin enteric- microspheres were prepared byusing O_1 /Q_2 emulsion solvent evaporation method. The hypoglycemic enhancement effect of theconjugate was studied by oral administration of insulin solution or enteric-microspheres to rats.Results The thiol group content of the synthesized conjugate was about 200 μmol·g^(-1) polymer,which showed a strong protective effect on insulin from enzymatic degradation in vitro. Almost allthe insulin incubated in a-chymotrypsin solution or trypsin solution without chitosan-cysteineconjugate was degraded entirely within 1 h and 5 h respectively, whereas above 75% of insulinremained in the same content of the enzymatic solution containing 4 mg·mL^(-1) conjugate. The drugloading of insulin enteric-microspheres was about 7% . In vivo experiment, chitosan-cysteineconjugate (85 μg·kg^(-1)) prolonged the hypoglycemic time of insulin solution orenteric-microspheres when administered simultaneously with the absorption enhancer SNAC. ConclusionChitosan-cysteine conjugate has a marked inhibitory effect on the enzymatic degradation of insulinin vitro, and it displays a significant hypoglycemic enhancement effect on insulin oral formulationin vivo.展开更多
Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep. （Orchidaceae） was named as the ＂king of medicine＂ because of its excellent efficacy for the treatment of diabetes. However, the bioactive constituents are unknown. An ethanol extra...Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep. （Orchidaceae） was named as the ＂king of medicine＂ because of its excellent efficacy for the treatment of diabetes. However, the bioactive constituents are unknown. An ethanol extract from A. chapaensis showed significant stimulating effect on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. The chemical composition was investigated by UPLC-MS/MS in negative electrospray ionization （ESI） mode, and 63 compounds including flavonoids, triterpenoids, and aliphatic acids were tentatively identified by accurate mass and characteristic fragments. Moreover, the method of hypoglycemic screening with insulin resistant HepG2 cells and UPLC-MS/MS might be potentially useful in rapid and efficient characterization and primary prediction of natural products prior to traditional isolation.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the application and administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,aiming at providing guidance and reference for clinical me...[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the application and administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,aiming at providing guidance and reference for clinical medication for treatment of diabetes.[Method] The main types,dosages and prices of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014 were compared and analyzed using the computer network system.[Result] During 2012-2014,sales quantity and sales amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College demonstrated an upward trend.[Conclusion] Integrative medicine can significantly improve symptoms of diabetes complications.Certain achievements have been made in diabetes treatment by Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College.展开更多
Suaeda salsa an annual herb of Chenopodiaceae Suaeda well accepted as both a folk medicinal and food plant.In the current study,the extraction of total flavonoids from S.salsa and the in vitro antioxidant,hypoglycemic...Suaeda salsa an annual herb of Chenopodiaceae Suaeda well accepted as both a folk medicinal and food plant.In the current study,the extraction of total flavonoids from S.salsa and the in vitro antioxidant,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the extracts were investigated.The total flavonoids was extracted by refluxing with ethanol and the selection and optimization of main experimental parameters were carried out using single factor experiments combined with central composite design-response surface methodology(CCD-RSM).The total flavonoids extracted from S.salsa were tested for hydroxyl and oxygen radical scavenging activity,and inhibitory activities againstα-amylase and lipase in vitro.Results revealed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids were as following:liquid-tosolid ratio,31.40:1;ethanol concentration,83.12%;reflux temperature,90℃,and reflux time,128.40 min.Under these optimized conditions,the predicted and actual values of total flavonoids yield were 0.896%and 0.932%,respectively.The in vitro antioxidant tests revealed that the total flavonoids could scavenge hydroxyl and oxygen radicals and showed inhibitory activity againstα-amylase and lipase.The optimal extraction conditions obtained in this experiment are simple to perform and have good reproducibility.The results have demonstrated that the total flavonoids from S.salsa can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic ingredients,which provides new pharmacological basis for the development of S.salsa.展开更多
Hyperglycemia is the dominant phenotype of diabetes and the main contributor of diabetic complications. Puerarin is widely used in cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, little is known ...Hyperglycemia is the dominant phenotype of diabetes and the main contributor of diabetic complications. Puerarin is widely used in cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, little is known about its direct effects on diabetes. The aim of our study is to investigate its antidiabetic effect in vivo and in vitro, and explore the underlying mechanism. We used type I diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin to observe the effects of puerarin on glucose metabolism. In addition, oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial respiratory activity were evaluated in type I diabetic mice. In vitro, glucose consumption in Hep G2 cells was assayed along with the q PCR detection of glucogenesis genes expression. Moreover, ATP production was examined and phosphorylation of AMPK was determined using Western blot. Finally, the molecular docking was performed to predict the potential interaction of puerarin with AMPK utilizing program Lib Dock of Discovery Studio 2018 software. The results showed that puerarin improved Hep G2 glucose consumption and upregulated the glucogenesis related genes expression. Also, puerarin lowered fasting and fed blood glucose with improvement of glucose tolerance in type I diabetic mice. Further mechanism investigation showed that puerarin suppressed oxidative stress and improved hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function with enhancing ATP production and activating phosphorylation of AMPK. Docking study showed that puerarin interacted with AMPK activate site and enhancing phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicated that puerarin exhibited the hypoglycemic effect through attenuating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function via AMPK regulation, which may serve as a potential therapeutic option for diabetes treatment.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark(AETPB) in streptozotocin(STZ)-mduced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity was studied...Objective:To investigate the hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark(AETPB) in streptozotocin(STZ)-mduced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity.In rats,diabetes was induced by injection of STZ(60 mg/kg,i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction,and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level.In diabetic rats,AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis.At the end of the experimental day,fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin(Hb),glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c),serum creatinine,urea,serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(SGPT),serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.Results: Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2000 mg/kg.AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly(P<0.001,P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbAlc,creatinine,urea,SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats.The body weight,Hb,insulin and total protein levels were significantly(P<0.001,P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats.In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.Conclusions:Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a common multifactorial disease,causing various complications,such as chronic metabolism.The current therapies for diabetes mellitus are commercial diabetic drugs that have different definite s...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a common multifactorial disease,causing various complications,such as chronic metabolism.The current therapies for diabetes mellitus are commercial diabetic drugs that have different definite side effect.However,polysaccharides mainly extracted from natural resources,have advantages of safety,accessibility,and anti-diabetic potential.We have summarized recent research of natural polysaccharides with hypoglycemic activities,focusing on different pharmacological mechanisms in various cell and animal models.The relationships of structure-hypoglycemic effect are also discussed in detail.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for better understanding on development and mechanism of natural polysaccharides against diabetes mellitus,which have been required by clinical studies yet.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Brassica juncea(seeds) on streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rats.Methods:Hypoglycemic activity of Brassica juncea(seeds)aqueous extract at a dose of 250,350 a...Objective:To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Brassica juncea(seeds) on streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rats.Methods:Hypoglycemic activity of Brassica juncea(seeds)aqueous extract at a dose of 250,350 and 450 mg/kg body weight was evaluated.Adult male Swiss albino rats of six numbers in each group was undertaken for study and evaluated.Results:The serum insulin levels were recorded a significant depletion in all groups,short term as well as long term diabetic animals,when compared to that of normal animals.A significant dosage dependent augmenting effect of the seed extract on the serum insulin was recorded in both short term as well as long term groups.Conclusions:The aqueous seed extract of Brassica juncea has potent hypoglycemic activity in male albino rat.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of rutin on serum glucose and lipid levels in hyperglycemic rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections and a high-sugar,high-fat diet to es...OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of rutin on serum glucose and lipid levels in hyperglycemic rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections and a high-sugar,high-fat diet to establish a hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic model.The model was considered to be successfully established in rats with fasting blood sugar(FBS)≥11.1 mmol/L.The study included 6 groups with 10 rats each:a blank control group,a model group,a metformin group,and groups on large,medium and small doses of rutin.The groups received intraperitoneal streptozotocin or normal saline for 21 d.FBS,serum lipids,serum insulin,insulin sensitivity index(ISI),and levels of catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were evaluated in all rats.Pancreatic tissue samples were harvested to observe structural changes in islet cells.RESULTS:Large,medium,and small doses of rutin were associated with significantly reduced FBS(P<0.05),and increased levels of ISI,CAT,GSH-Px and SOD,as well as decreased MDA(P<0.05).Rutin administration was also related with reduced total cholesterol,triglycerides and low density lipoprotein chesterol,as well as increased high density lipoprotein chesterol(P<0.05).Histologic evaluation revealed rutin induced repair of damaged islet cells.CONCLUSION:In diabetic rat models,rutin can significantly reduce FBS and blood lipids,improve anti-oxidant activity,increase insulin sensitivity,and induce repair of damaged islet cells.展开更多
Auricularia auricula(AA)and Auricularia polytricha(AP)are popular edible fungi.This study successfully produced hypoglycemic polysaccharides from un-smashed or smashing and sieving(through a 10-mesh sieve)AA and AP(te...Auricularia auricula(AA)and Auricularia polytricha(AP)are popular edible fungi.This study successfully produced hypoglycemic polysaccharides from un-smashed or smashing and sieving(through a 10-mesh sieve)AA and AP(termed as AAP/AAP-10 and APP/APP-10)via scalable processes(water extraction,ethanolic precipitation and deproteinization).This is the first report to compare the effectiveness of AAP and APP in combating streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and diabetes-related changes in mice(body weight,fasting blood glucose,serum insulin,proinflammatory mediator and cytokines,oxidative stress-related products,antioxidant enzymes).APP and AAP with different molecular weights and monosaccharide molar ratios could be therapeutic options for diabetes with a low dose(100 mg/kg/day)likely working better.At the same dose,APP generally performed more effective than AAP,and AAP-10/APP-10 seemed slightly more beneficial than AAP/APP.One mechanism underlying these antidiabetic functions might involve the NF-κB and associated signalling pathways.AP is cheaper than AA,thereby representing a favorable source of functional polysaccharides.展开更多
This study aimed to isolate and characterize the structures of glycoproteins from peas and determine their hypoglycemic activity.The crude pea glycoproteins(PGP)were extracted by hot water and purified by diethylamino...This study aimed to isolate and characterize the structures of glycoproteins from peas and determine their hypoglycemic activity.The crude pea glycoproteins(PGP)were extracted by hot water and purified by diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-Sepharose chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography in sequence.Then three main fractions were obtained,namely PGP1,PGP2 and PGP3,with molecular weights of 897615,846740 and 1194692 Da,respectively.The physical and chemical properties of the three fractions were evaluated and compared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and other analytical techniques.The fraction PGP2 with the highest hypoglycemic activity,was screened using the Caco-2 monolayer cell model.It can inhibit the uptake of glucose in the small intestine,as well as the activities of maltase and sucrase.After simulated gastrointestinal digestion,PGP2 signifi cantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase,and slightly reduced the inhibitory ability ofα-amylase.In summary,PGP2 possessed strong hypoglycemic activity after digestion.These results indicated that PGP2 has the potential to be developed into a functional food or natural medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr,fruit inα-amylase inhibitory activity(in vitro)and hypoglycemic activity in normal and glucose induced hyperglycemic rat...Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr,fruit inα-amylase inhibitory activity(in vitro)and hypoglycemic activity in normal and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats(in vivo).Methods:Fruits of Citrus macroptera without rind was extracted with pure methanol following cold extraction and tested for presence of phytochemical constituents,α-amylase inhibitory activity,and hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats.Results:Presence of saponin,steroid and terpenoid were identified in the extract.The results showed that fruit extract had moderateα-amylase inhibitory activity[IC_(50)value=(3.638±0.190)mg/mL]as compared to acarbose.Moreover at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses fruit extract significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively)reduced fasting blood glucose level in normal rats as compared to glibenclamide(5 mg/kg).In oral glucose tolerance test,500 mg/kg dose significantly reduced blood glucose level(P<0.05)at 2 h but 1000 mg/kg dose significantly reduced blood glucose level at 2 h and 3 h(P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively)whereas glibenclamide(5 mg/kg)significantly reduced glucose level at every hour after administration.Overall time effect is also considered extremely significant with F value=23.83 and P value=0.0001 in oral glucose tolerance test.Conclusion:These findings suggest that the plant may be a potential source for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agent.展开更多
Murry et al in 1986 discovered the intrinsic mechanism of profound protection called ischemic preconditioning. The complex cellular signaling cascades underlying this phenomenon remain controversial and are only parti...Murry et al in 1986 discovered the intrinsic mechanism of profound protection called ischemic preconditioning. The complex cellular signaling cascades underlying this phenomenon remain controversial and are only partially understood. However, evidence suggests that adenosine, released during the initial ischemic insult, activates a variety of G protein-coupled agonists, such as opioids, bradykinin, and catecholamines, resulting in the activation of protein kinases, especially protein kinase C(PKC). This leads to the translocation of PKC from the cytoplasm to the sarcolemma, where it stimulates the opening of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, which confers resistance to ischemia. It is known that a range of different hypoglycemic agents that activate the same signaling cascades at various cellular levels can interfere with protection from ischemic preconditioning. This review examines the effects of several hypoglycemic agents on myocardial ischemic preconditioning in animal studies and clinical trials.展开更多
The unripe palmleaf raspberry,namely Fupenzi(FPZ),is an important medicinal and edible food.This study aims to evaluate the potential of FPZ extracts prepared with different approaches in attenuating hyperglycemia,gou...The unripe palmleaf raspberry,namely Fupenzi(FPZ),is an important medicinal and edible food.This study aims to evaluate the potential of FPZ extracts prepared with different approaches in attenuating hyperglycemia,gout,Alzheimer’s disease,and pigmentation,to obtain the enriching fraction and to identify the major active compounds.Results indicated that FPZ extracts showed weak activity against acetylcholinesterase,considerable ability against tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase,but excellent inhibition onα-glucosidase.Ultrasound-assisted 40%ethanol extract(40EUS)gave the highest phenolics content,and the bestα-glucosidase inhibition(IC_(50)=0.08μg/mL),which is 877-fold higher than that of positive control acarbose.The 40%ethanol eluting fraction of 40EUS showed the strongestα-glucosidase inhibition with the IC_(50) value of 37.79 ng/mL,it could also effectively attenuate the fasting blood glucose level and oral glucose tolerance of C57BL/6 mice.Twenty-six compounds were identified from 40%ethanol fraction by using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS,hydrolysable tannins(including 11 ellagitannins and 4 gallotannins)were the major compounds,phenolic acids came to the second.Above results could provide important technical supporting for the further application and research of FPZ in health foods and drugs against diabetes.展开更多
基金supported by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation of Xiamen City,China(No.XWZY-2023-0303)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen City,China(No.3502Z20227162)。
文摘In this study,araucarene diterpenes,characterized by a pimarene skeleton with a variably oxidized side chain at C-13,were investigated.A total of 16 araucarene diterpenoids and their derivatives were isolated from the woods of Agathis dammara,including 11 previously unreported compounds:dammaradione(1),dammarones D-G(2,5,14,15),dammaric acids B-F(8-12),and dammarol(16).The structures of these new compounds were elucidated using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy(HR-ESI-MS)and one-dimensional/two-dimensional(1D/2D)nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),while their absolute configurations were determined through the electronic circular dichroism(ECD)exciton chirality method and Snatzke's method.The hypoglycemic activity of all isolated compounds was evaluated using a transgenic zebrafish model,and a structure-activity relationship(SAR)analysis was conducted.Araucarone(3)and dammaric acid C(9),serving as representative compounds,demonstrated significant hypoglycemic effects on zebrafish.The primary mechanism involves the promotion of pancreatic β cell regeneration and glucose uptake.Specifically,these compounds enhance the differentiation of pancreatic endocrine precursor cells(PEP cells)intoβcells in zebrafish.
基金Supported by Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine University-level Research Project(2022MS036)Baise Scientific Research and Technology Development Plan Project(Baise 20250302).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the formulation of loquat leaf hypoglycemic solid beverage.[Methods]Using sensory evaluation scores based on product appearance(granularity),solution state,odor,and taste as the evaluation indicators,the formulation of the loquat Leaf hypoglycemic solid beverage was optimized by an L 9(34)orthogonal design.[Results]The optimal formulation for the loquat leaf triterpenoid solid beverage was as follows:a 1:13 ratio of the main ingredient to the excipient blend(maltodextrin:mannitol=2.2:12);and mogrosides content at 0.20%.[Conclusions]The optimal formulation for the loquat leaf triterpenoid solid beverage,obtained in this study,is scientifically sound and practical.It can serve as a valuable reference for the future product development and utilization of loquat leaf resources.
基金Supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Projects,No.AA23073012the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32360035 and No.32060018.
文摘BACKGROUND Probiotic Acetobacter pasteurianus is used to treat diabetes,but its specific hypoglycemic substances and mechanisms remain unclear.AIM To investigate the components for lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus and its hypoglycemic effects,providing a basis for its broader application.METHODS The lipid metabolism of A.pasteurianus under different growth conditions was analyzed using lipidomics.Neutral lipid staining in A.pasteurianus cells and the formation of lipid droplet-like structures were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope.The neutral lipid components were also analyzed using thin layer chromato-graphy.A diabetic mouse model was established to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of the main lipid components of A.pasteurianus and their role in repairing tissues such as the pancreas.RESULTS After comparing the effects of three culture media,namely,brain heart infusion(BHI)medium with 2%glucose,chromium-rich and zinc-rich medium,and mineral salt medium,A.pasteurianus grew well in BHI containing 2%glucose and produced the most lipids.A total of 583 lipid metabolic products was identified,with higher levels of coenzyme Q9(CoQ9),oleic acid(OA),and wax ester,but no triacylglycerol was observed.It was found that the components that affected lipid metabolism in A.pasteurianus were mainly CoQ9 and OA.They exhibited hypoglycemic effects comparable to metformin in diabetic mice,repaired damaged pancreatic tissues,and did not cause damage to the liver and spleen.CONCLUSION Under high-nutrient growth conditions,A.pasteurianus contains abundant lipid components,such as CoQ9 and OA,with good hypoglycemic effects.
基金funded by the Shenzhen Agricultural Development Special Fund(Fishery)Agricultural High-tech Project([2021]735)SAMR technical guarantee project(2023YJ22 and 2023YJ37)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes(T2D)presents a significant health challenge,underscoring the need for functional foods and nutraceutical hypoglycemic bioactive peptides for its prevention.This study investigates the potential of proteolytic hydrolysate from artificially cultivated Chinese giant salamander(CGS)meat,a rich protein source,as a preventive strategy for T2D.We produced a CGS meat hydrolysate(CGSh)and demonstrated its ability to inhibit the T2D drug target dipeptidyl peptidaseⅣ(DPP-Ⅳ)through in vitro assays.We identified 5 peptides(WRPPDH,WAPPSKD,IPDSPF,IPEMIF,and VPIAVPT)with high DPP-Ⅳinhibitory activity in CGSh,suggesting its potential antidiabetic effects.In vivo experiments showed that CGSh effectively reduced insulin resistance in mice induced with a high-fat diet,as evidenced by a slower increase in blood glucose levels and a decreased HOMA-IR index.16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that CGSh improved gut microbial homeostasis,promoting beneficial microorganisms and reducing harmful bacteria.Metabolomic analyses identified an increase in valeric acid levels and highlighted nine potential biomarker metabolites.By inhibiting metabolic pathways such as AGE-RAGE,CGSh might also prevent diabetic complications and reduce inflammation.These findings suggest that CGSh has a promising hypoglycemic effect,making it a potential functional food ingredient for T2D prevention and treatment.
基金Supported by Key Project of Huainan Normal College(2011LK76zd)Youth Fund of Huainan Normal College(2010LK13)~~
文摘The polysaccharides in yam bulbils were extracted, and their antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect in diabetic mice were discussed. The results showed that the antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in yam bulbils was signifi- cantly enhanced with the increase of concentration; they showed a strong scaveng- ing ability against DPPH. and .OH, and the scavenging ability was dose dependent to some extent; the scavenging rates reached 91.15% and 89.06% respectively when the dose reached 4.0 mg/ml; the polysaccharides in yam bulbils significantly educed the blood glucose in model rice, and the hypoglycemic effect of large-dose polysaccharides was more obvious. The polysaccharides in yam bulbils has good antioxidant activity and hypoglycemic effect, which provides a new source for devel- opment of safe and natural food antioxidants and blood sugar-lowering agents.
基金Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.201506010061)Foundation for Distinguished Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdongand special funds for cultivating Guangdong college students' scientific and technological innovation("Climbing plan",Grant No.pdjh2015b0277)
文摘Zingiber striolatum Diels （Zingiberaceae） is an edible plant resource in the Chinese folk with special efficacy in relieving diabetes and constipation, which has been documented in the Compendium ofMateria Medica. However, its hypoglycemic activity and constituents have not been reported yet. In the present study, we evaluated the hypoglycemic activity of Z. striolatum in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, and we developed ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS） based chemical profiling method for rapid analysis of Z. striolatum. As a result, the ethanol extract from Z. striolatum showed significant hypoglycemic activity in HepG2 cells, and 22 flavonoids compounds were tentatively characterized by comparing the retention time and mass spectrometry data. In conclusion, the method of hypoglycemic screening in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells coupled with UPLC-MS/MS is a feasible and credible technique to separate and identify the active constituents in complex matrices of traditional Chinese medicine.
文摘Aim To evaluate the inhibitory effect of chitosan-cysteine conjugate onenzymatic degradation and hypogly-cemic enhancement effect of insulin. Methods Chitosan-cysteineconjugate was synthesized. The protective effect of the conjugate against degradation of insulin byα-chymotrypsin and trypsin was evaluated in vitro. Insulin enteric- microspheres were prepared byusing O_1 /Q_2 emulsion solvent evaporation method. The hypoglycemic enhancement effect of theconjugate was studied by oral administration of insulin solution or enteric-microspheres to rats.Results The thiol group content of the synthesized conjugate was about 200 μmol·g^(-1) polymer,which showed a strong protective effect on insulin from enzymatic degradation in vitro. Almost allthe insulin incubated in a-chymotrypsin solution or trypsin solution without chitosan-cysteineconjugate was degraded entirely within 1 h and 5 h respectively, whereas above 75% of insulinremained in the same content of the enzymatic solution containing 4 mg·mL^(-1) conjugate. The drugloading of insulin enteric-microspheres was about 7% . In vivo experiment, chitosan-cysteineconjugate (85 μg·kg^(-1)) prolonged the hypoglycemic time of insulin solution orenteric-microspheres when administered simultaneously with the absorption enhancer SNAC. ConclusionChitosan-cysteine conjugate has a marked inhibitory effect on the enzymatic degradation of insulinin vitro, and it displays a significant hypoglycemic enhancement effect on insulin oral formulationin vivo.
基金Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou 2015(Grant No.201506010061)Foundation for Distinguished Young Teachers in Higher Education of Guangdong(Grant No.YQ2015097)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81001628)
文摘Anoectochilus chapaensis Gagnep. （Orchidaceae） was named as the ＂king of medicine＂ because of its excellent efficacy for the treatment of diabetes. However, the bioactive constituents are unknown. An ethanol extract from A. chapaensis showed significant stimulating effect on glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. The chemical composition was investigated by UPLC-MS/MS in negative electrospray ionization （ESI） mode, and 63 compounds including flavonoids, triterpenoids, and aliphatic acids were tentatively identified by accurate mass and characteristic fragments. Moreover, the method of hypoglycemic screening with insulin resistant HepG2 cells and UPLC-MS/MS might be potentially useful in rapid and efficient characterization and primary prediction of natural products prior to traditional isolation.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the application and administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College,aiming at providing guidance and reference for clinical medication for treatment of diabetes.[Method] The main types,dosages and prices of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College during 2012-2014 were compared and analyzed using the computer network system.[Result] During 2012-2014,sales quantity and sales amount of oral hypoglycemic drugs in Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College demonstrated an upward trend.[Conclusion] Integrative medicine can significantly improve symptoms of diabetes complications.Certain achievements have been made in diabetes treatment by Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College.
文摘Suaeda salsa an annual herb of Chenopodiaceae Suaeda well accepted as both a folk medicinal and food plant.In the current study,the extraction of total flavonoids from S.salsa and the in vitro antioxidant,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of the extracts were investigated.The total flavonoids was extracted by refluxing with ethanol and the selection and optimization of main experimental parameters were carried out using single factor experiments combined with central composite design-response surface methodology(CCD-RSM).The total flavonoids extracted from S.salsa were tested for hydroxyl and oxygen radical scavenging activity,and inhibitory activities againstα-amylase and lipase in vitro.Results revealed that the optimal conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids were as following:liquid-tosolid ratio,31.40:1;ethanol concentration,83.12%;reflux temperature,90℃,and reflux time,128.40 min.Under these optimized conditions,the predicted and actual values of total flavonoids yield were 0.896%and 0.932%,respectively.The in vitro antioxidant tests revealed that the total flavonoids could scavenge hydroxyl and oxygen radicals and showed inhibitory activity againstα-amylase and lipase.The optimal extraction conditions obtained in this experiment are simple to perform and have good reproducibility.The results have demonstrated that the total flavonoids from S.salsa can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant,hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic ingredients,which provides new pharmacological basis for the development of S.salsa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81770847)the Drug Innovation Major Project (No. 2018ZX09711001-003-005)+1 种基金the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(Nos. 2017-I2M-1-010and 2016-I2M-3-007)National Key Research and Development Plan (No. 2016YFC1000905)。
文摘Hyperglycemia is the dominant phenotype of diabetes and the main contributor of diabetic complications. Puerarin is widely used in cardiovascular diseases and diabetic vascular complications. However, little is known about its direct effects on diabetes. The aim of our study is to investigate its antidiabetic effect in vivo and in vitro, and explore the underlying mechanism. We used type I diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin to observe the effects of puerarin on glucose metabolism. In addition, oxidative stress and hepatic mitochondrial respiratory activity were evaluated in type I diabetic mice. In vitro, glucose consumption in Hep G2 cells was assayed along with the q PCR detection of glucogenesis genes expression. Moreover, ATP production was examined and phosphorylation of AMPK was determined using Western blot. Finally, the molecular docking was performed to predict the potential interaction of puerarin with AMPK utilizing program Lib Dock of Discovery Studio 2018 software. The results showed that puerarin improved Hep G2 glucose consumption and upregulated the glucogenesis related genes expression. Also, puerarin lowered fasting and fed blood glucose with improvement of glucose tolerance in type I diabetic mice. Further mechanism investigation showed that puerarin suppressed oxidative stress and improved hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function with enhancing ATP production and activating phosphorylation of AMPK. Docking study showed that puerarin interacted with AMPK activate site and enhancing phosphorylation. Taken together, these findings indicated that puerarin exhibited the hypoglycemic effect through attenuating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function via AMPK regulation, which may serve as a potential therapeutic option for diabetes treatment.
基金financially supported by Canara Bank,Zamin Uthukuli(grant No.133765125313)
文摘Objective:To investigate the hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark(AETPB) in streptozotocin(STZ)-mduced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity.In rats,diabetes was induced by injection of STZ(60 mg/kg,i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction,and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level.In diabetic rats,AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis.At the end of the experimental day,fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin(Hb),glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c),serum creatinine,urea,serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase(SGPT),serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase(SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.Results: Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2000 mg/kg.AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly(P<0.001,P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbAlc,creatinine,urea,SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats.The body weight,Hb,insulin and total protein levels were significantly(P<0.001,P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats.In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.Conclusions:Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201969)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(212300410297)+3 种基金Basic Research Plan of Higher Education School Key Scientific Research Project of Henan Province(21A550014)Doctoral Research Foundation of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(2020BSJJ015)Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(20HASTIT037)Youth Talents Project of Henan Province(2020HYTP046).
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a common multifactorial disease,causing various complications,such as chronic metabolism.The current therapies for diabetes mellitus are commercial diabetic drugs that have different definite side effect.However,polysaccharides mainly extracted from natural resources,have advantages of safety,accessibility,and anti-diabetic potential.We have summarized recent research of natural polysaccharides with hypoglycemic activities,focusing on different pharmacological mechanisms in various cell and animal models.The relationships of structure-hypoglycemic effect are also discussed in detail.This review could provide a comprehensive perspective for better understanding on development and mechanism of natural polysaccharides against diabetes mellitus,which have been required by clinical studies yet.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of Brassica juncea(seeds) on streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino rats.Methods:Hypoglycemic activity of Brassica juncea(seeds)aqueous extract at a dose of 250,350 and 450 mg/kg body weight was evaluated.Adult male Swiss albino rats of six numbers in each group was undertaken for study and evaluated.Results:The serum insulin levels were recorded a significant depletion in all groups,short term as well as long term diabetic animals,when compared to that of normal animals.A significant dosage dependent augmenting effect of the seed extract on the serum insulin was recorded in both short term as well as long term groups.Conclusions:The aqueous seed extract of Brassica juncea has potent hypoglycemic activity in male albino rat.
基金Research and Innovation Team on Key Technologies of Integrated Processing and Preparation of Place of Production of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Project Category:Innovative Talents Promotion Program of Shaanxi—Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.2018 TD-005)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of rutin on serum glucose and lipid levels in hyperglycemic rats.METHODS:Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal streptozotocin injections and a high-sugar,high-fat diet to establish a hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic model.The model was considered to be successfully established in rats with fasting blood sugar(FBS)≥11.1 mmol/L.The study included 6 groups with 10 rats each:a blank control group,a model group,a metformin group,and groups on large,medium and small doses of rutin.The groups received intraperitoneal streptozotocin or normal saline for 21 d.FBS,serum lipids,serum insulin,insulin sensitivity index(ISI),and levels of catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were evaluated in all rats.Pancreatic tissue samples were harvested to observe structural changes in islet cells.RESULTS:Large,medium,and small doses of rutin were associated with significantly reduced FBS(P<0.05),and increased levels of ISI,CAT,GSH-Px and SOD,as well as decreased MDA(P<0.05).Rutin administration was also related with reduced total cholesterol,triglycerides and low density lipoprotein chesterol,as well as increased high density lipoprotein chesterol(P<0.05).Histologic evaluation revealed rutin induced repair of damaged islet cells.CONCLUSION:In diabetic rat models,rutin can significantly reduce FBS and blood lipids,improve anti-oxidant activity,increase insulin sensitivity,and induce repair of damaged islet cells.
基金the financial support from National key Technologies R&D Program for 13th Five-year Plan(2016YFD0400803)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31201416)Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province(2017ZD093).
文摘Auricularia auricula(AA)and Auricularia polytricha(AP)are popular edible fungi.This study successfully produced hypoglycemic polysaccharides from un-smashed or smashing and sieving(through a 10-mesh sieve)AA and AP(termed as AAP/AAP-10 and APP/APP-10)via scalable processes(water extraction,ethanolic precipitation and deproteinization).This is the first report to compare the effectiveness of AAP and APP in combating streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress and diabetes-related changes in mice(body weight,fasting blood glucose,serum insulin,proinflammatory mediator and cytokines,oxidative stress-related products,antioxidant enzymes).APP and AAP with different molecular weights and monosaccharide molar ratios could be therapeutic options for diabetes with a low dose(100 mg/kg/day)likely working better.At the same dose,APP generally performed more effective than AAP,and AAP-10/APP-10 seemed slightly more beneficial than AAP/APP.One mechanism underlying these antidiabetic functions might involve the NF-κB and associated signalling pathways.AP is cheaper than AA,thereby representing a favorable source of functional polysaccharides.
基金The authors would like to show deepest gratitude tothe Earmarked Fund for Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System(JATS[2020]413)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX19_0682)forfinancial assistance.
文摘This study aimed to isolate and characterize the structures of glycoproteins from peas and determine their hypoglycemic activity.The crude pea glycoproteins(PGP)were extracted by hot water and purified by diethylaminoethyl(DEAE)-Sepharose chromatography and Sephadex G-100 size-exclusion chromatography in sequence.Then three main fractions were obtained,namely PGP1,PGP2 and PGP3,with molecular weights of 897615,846740 and 1194692 Da,respectively.The physical and chemical properties of the three fractions were evaluated and compared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),scanning electron microscope(SEM),high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and other analytical techniques.The fraction PGP2 with the highest hypoglycemic activity,was screened using the Caco-2 monolayer cell model.It can inhibit the uptake of glucose in the small intestine,as well as the activities of maltase and sucrase.After simulated gastrointestinal digestion,PGP2 signifi cantly enhanced the inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase,and slightly reduced the inhibitory ability ofα-amylase.In summary,PGP2 possessed strong hypoglycemic activity after digestion.These results indicated that PGP2 has the potential to be developed into a functional food or natural medicine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金Supported by Laboratory of Natural Products Research.Jahangirnagar University,Dhaka,Bangladesh
文摘Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr,fruit inα-amylase inhibitory activity(in vitro)and hypoglycemic activity in normal and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats(in vivo).Methods:Fruits of Citrus macroptera without rind was extracted with pure methanol following cold extraction and tested for presence of phytochemical constituents,α-amylase inhibitory activity,and hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats.Results:Presence of saponin,steroid and terpenoid were identified in the extract.The results showed that fruit extract had moderateα-amylase inhibitory activity[IC_(50)value=(3.638±0.190)mg/mL]as compared to acarbose.Moreover at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses fruit extract significantly(P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively)reduced fasting blood glucose level in normal rats as compared to glibenclamide(5 mg/kg).In oral glucose tolerance test,500 mg/kg dose significantly reduced blood glucose level(P<0.05)at 2 h but 1000 mg/kg dose significantly reduced blood glucose level at 2 h and 3 h(P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively)whereas glibenclamide(5 mg/kg)significantly reduced glucose level at every hour after administration.Overall time effect is also considered extremely significant with F value=23.83 and P value=0.0001 in oral glucose tolerance test.Conclusion:These findings suggest that the plant may be a potential source for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agent.
文摘Murry et al in 1986 discovered the intrinsic mechanism of profound protection called ischemic preconditioning. The complex cellular signaling cascades underlying this phenomenon remain controversial and are only partially understood. However, evidence suggests that adenosine, released during the initial ischemic insult, activates a variety of G protein-coupled agonists, such as opioids, bradykinin, and catecholamines, resulting in the activation of protein kinases, especially protein kinase C(PKC). This leads to the translocation of PKC from the cytoplasm to the sarcolemma, where it stimulates the opening of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, which confers resistance to ischemia. It is known that a range of different hypoglycemic agents that activate the same signaling cascades at various cellular levels can interfere with protection from ischemic preconditioning. This review examines the effects of several hypoglycemic agents on myocardial ischemic preconditioning in animal studies and clinical trials.
基金the financial support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860475)Key Youth Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20192ACB21011)Jiangxi“Shuangqian”Program(JXSQ2018101008).
文摘The unripe palmleaf raspberry,namely Fupenzi(FPZ),is an important medicinal and edible food.This study aims to evaluate the potential of FPZ extracts prepared with different approaches in attenuating hyperglycemia,gout,Alzheimer’s disease,and pigmentation,to obtain the enriching fraction and to identify the major active compounds.Results indicated that FPZ extracts showed weak activity against acetylcholinesterase,considerable ability against tyrosinase and xanthine oxidase,but excellent inhibition onα-glucosidase.Ultrasound-assisted 40%ethanol extract(40EUS)gave the highest phenolics content,and the bestα-glucosidase inhibition(IC_(50)=0.08μg/mL),which is 877-fold higher than that of positive control acarbose.The 40%ethanol eluting fraction of 40EUS showed the strongestα-glucosidase inhibition with the IC_(50) value of 37.79 ng/mL,it could also effectively attenuate the fasting blood glucose level and oral glucose tolerance of C57BL/6 mice.Twenty-six compounds were identified from 40%ethanol fraction by using HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS,hydrolysable tannins(including 11 ellagitannins and 4 gallotannins)were the major compounds,phenolic acids came to the second.Above results could provide important technical supporting for the further application and research of FPZ in health foods and drugs against diabetes.
