Hypoeutectoid steel,a crucial metal structural material,is characterized by the coexisting microstructure of ferrite and pearlite.Driven by multiphase competition and multicomponent characteristics,the intricate inter...Hypoeutectoid steel,a crucial metal structural material,is characterized by the coexisting microstructure of ferrite and pearlite.Driven by multiphase competition and multicomponent characteristics,the intricate interplay among its composition,processing conditions,and microstructure substantially complicates the understanding of austenite decomposition kinetics and elemental diffusion mechanisms during phase transformations.The present study explores the effects of cooling rate,prior austenite grain size,and C content on the component distribution and microstructure evolution during the austenite decomposition of hypoeutectoid steels to address the aforementioned complexities.Results of a multiphase field model reveal that an increase in the cooling rate from 1.0 to 7.0℃/s leads to a reduction in the ferrite proportion and fine pearlite lamellae spacing from 52vol% to 22vol% at 400℃ and from 1.01 to 0.67μm at 660℃,respectively.Concurrently,a decreased prior austenite grain size from 25.23 to 8.92μm enhances the phase transformation driving force,resulting in small average grain sizes of pearlite clusters and proeutectoid ferrite.Moreover,increasing the C content from 0.22wt% to 0.37wt% decreases the phase transition temperature from 795 to 750℃ and enhances the proportion of pearlite phases from 27vol%to 61vol% at 500℃,concurrently refining the spacing of pearlite layers from 1.25 to 0.87μm at 600℃.Overall,this work aims to elucidate the complex dynamics governing the microstructural transformations of hypoeutectoid steels,thereby facilitating their wide application across different industrial scenes.展开更多
To study the microstructural evolution of pearlite steel subjected to pure rolling and rolling-sliding contact loading,a hypoeutectoid pearlite steel with composition and microstructure similar to BS11 was designed an...To study the microstructural evolution of pearlite steel subjected to pure rolling and rolling-sliding contact loading,a hypoeutectoid pearlite steel with composition and microstructure similar to BS11 was designed and twindisc tests of this pearlite steel were performed to simulate the wheel/rail system.After a series of twin-disc tests,optical microscope（OM）observation,scanning electron microscope（SEM）observation,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,and micro-hardness tests were conducted to characterize the microstructure.Under the pure rolling contact condition,a large amount of reticular cracks emerged within 60μm below the contact surface of the samples after 120 000 revolutions.The largest deformation was approximately 200μm below the contact surface.Under the rolling-sliding contact condition,the nodularization of pearlite within 100μm below the contact surface was obvious.The microstructure and stress-strain distribution of the area within 2mm below the contact surface were investigated.The distribution of micro-hardness under the contact surface varied with contact conditions.Finite element method（FEM）was used to simulate the stress-strain distribution.The results of SEM,FEM,and micro-hardness tests indicated that under the pure rolling contact condition,the maximum plastic strain was approximately 200-400μm below the contact surface.Conversely,under the rolling-sliding contact condition,the maximum plastic strain emerged on the contact surface.Under the pure rolling contact condition,the distribution of micro-hardness was almost identical to that of the equivalent plastic strain.Under the rolling-sliding contact condition,the distribution of micro-hardness was affected by the equivalent plastic strain and tangential stress.展开更多
The curve of the relation between fracture elongation and temperature for unltrafine grained low alloy hypoeutectoid steels generally shows that three peaks occur at temperatures just below A_ c1, between A_ c1 and A_...The curve of the relation between fracture elongation and temperature for unltrafine grained low alloy hypoeutectoid steels generally shows that three peaks occur at temperatures just below A_ c1, between A_ c1 and A_ c3, and just above A_ c3, When these steels are subjected to superplastic tensile test at different temperatures, the value of the last one is the lowest and the other two peaks are different one from another depending on components, microstructures and deformation conditions of the steels.展开更多
A low carbon hypoeutectoid steel(0.19 wt%C)with proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite dual-components was subjected to surface plastic deformation via pipe inner surface grinding(PISG)at room temperature.The deformation m...A low carbon hypoeutectoid steel(0.19 wt%C)with proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite dual-components was subjected to surface plastic deformation via pipe inner surface grinding(PISG)at room temperature.The deformation microstructures for each component were systematically characterized along depth,and the patterns of structural evolution toward nanometer regime as well as the governing parameters were addressed.Proeutectoid ferrite grains were refined down to 17 nm,and the pattern covering a length scale of 4–5 orders of magnitude from micron-to nanometer-scale follows:formation of cellular dislocation structure(CDS),elongated dislocation structure(EDS),ultrafine lamellar structure(UFL)and finally the nanolaminated structure(NL).The pearlite experiences the deformation and refinement,and finally the transforming the ultrafine pearlite(UFP)into nanolaminated pearlite(NLP)with the ferrite lamellae as thin as 20 nm.Refinement for both UFL(UFP)and NL(NLP)can be realized via forming novel extended boundaries within ferrite lamellae.A critical lattice curvature of~2.8°is required for forming such extended boundary,corresponding to a minimum strain gradient of 0.25μm^(-1)for a 100 nm-thick lamella.Refinement below size limit(expressed by lamellar thickness d_Tin nm)is correlated with the strain gradient(χ,inμm^(-1))by:d_T=12.5/x.Refinement contributions from strain gradient caused by PISG processing and material heterogeneity were discussed.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3702401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408 and 52071023)+1 种基金financial support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB),Nos.FRF-TP-202104C1 and 06500135)supported by USTB Mat Com of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘Hypoeutectoid steel,a crucial metal structural material,is characterized by the coexisting microstructure of ferrite and pearlite.Driven by multiphase competition and multicomponent characteristics,the intricate interplay among its composition,processing conditions,and microstructure substantially complicates the understanding of austenite decomposition kinetics and elemental diffusion mechanisms during phase transformations.The present study explores the effects of cooling rate,prior austenite grain size,and C content on the component distribution and microstructure evolution during the austenite decomposition of hypoeutectoid steels to address the aforementioned complexities.Results of a multiphase field model reveal that an increase in the cooling rate from 1.0 to 7.0℃/s leads to a reduction in the ferrite proportion and fine pearlite lamellae spacing from 52vol% to 22vol% at 400℃ and from 1.01 to 0.67μm at 660℃,respectively.Concurrently,a decreased prior austenite grain size from 25.23 to 8.92μm enhances the phase transformation driving force,resulting in small average grain sizes of pearlite clusters and proeutectoid ferrite.Moreover,increasing the C content from 0.22wt% to 0.37wt% decreases the phase transition temperature from 795 to 750℃ and enhances the proportion of pearlite phases from 27vol%to 61vol% at 500℃,concurrently refining the spacing of pearlite layers from 1.25 to 0.87μm at 600℃.Overall,this work aims to elucidate the complex dynamics governing the microstructural transformations of hypoeutectoid steels,thereby facilitating their wide application across different industrial scenes.
基金Item Sponsored by National Basic Research Programs of China(2015GB118001,2015CB654802)
文摘To study the microstructural evolution of pearlite steel subjected to pure rolling and rolling-sliding contact loading,a hypoeutectoid pearlite steel with composition and microstructure similar to BS11 was designed and twindisc tests of this pearlite steel were performed to simulate the wheel/rail system.After a series of twin-disc tests,optical microscope（OM）observation,scanning electron microscope（SEM）observation,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,and micro-hardness tests were conducted to characterize the microstructure.Under the pure rolling contact condition,a large amount of reticular cracks emerged within 60μm below the contact surface of the samples after 120 000 revolutions.The largest deformation was approximately 200μm below the contact surface.Under the rolling-sliding contact condition,the nodularization of pearlite within 100μm below the contact surface was obvious.The microstructure and stress-strain distribution of the area within 2mm below the contact surface were investigated.The distribution of micro-hardness under the contact surface varied with contact conditions.Finite element method（FEM）was used to simulate the stress-strain distribution.The results of SEM,FEM,and micro-hardness tests indicated that under the pure rolling contact condition,the maximum plastic strain was approximately 200-400μm below the contact surface.Conversely,under the rolling-sliding contact condition,the maximum plastic strain emerged on the contact surface.Under the pure rolling contact condition,the distribution of micro-hardness was almost identical to that of the equivalent plastic strain.Under the rolling-sliding contact condition,the distribution of micro-hardness was affected by the equivalent plastic strain and tangential stress.
文摘The curve of the relation between fracture elongation and temperature for unltrafine grained low alloy hypoeutectoid steels generally shows that three peaks occur at temperatures just below A_ c1, between A_ c1 and A_ c3, and just above A_ c3, When these steels are subjected to superplastic tensile test at different temperatures, the value of the last one is the lowest and the other two peaks are different one from another depending on components, microstructures and deformation conditions of the steels.
基金the Hundred Outstanding Creative Talents Projects in Hebei University,Chinathe Project Program of Heavy Machinery Collaborative Innovation CenterChina and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51171182)。
文摘A low carbon hypoeutectoid steel(0.19 wt%C)with proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite dual-components was subjected to surface plastic deformation via pipe inner surface grinding(PISG)at room temperature.The deformation microstructures for each component were systematically characterized along depth,and the patterns of structural evolution toward nanometer regime as well as the governing parameters were addressed.Proeutectoid ferrite grains were refined down to 17 nm,and the pattern covering a length scale of 4–5 orders of magnitude from micron-to nanometer-scale follows:formation of cellular dislocation structure(CDS),elongated dislocation structure(EDS),ultrafine lamellar structure(UFL)and finally the nanolaminated structure(NL).The pearlite experiences the deformation and refinement,and finally the transforming the ultrafine pearlite(UFP)into nanolaminated pearlite(NLP)with the ferrite lamellae as thin as 20 nm.Refinement for both UFL(UFP)and NL(NLP)can be realized via forming novel extended boundaries within ferrite lamellae.A critical lattice curvature of~2.8°is required for forming such extended boundary,corresponding to a minimum strain gradient of 0.25μm^(-1)for a 100 nm-thick lamella.Refinement below size limit(expressed by lamellar thickness d_Tin nm)is correlated with the strain gradient(χ,inμm^(-1))by:d_T=12.5/x.Refinement contributions from strain gradient caused by PISG processing and material heterogeneity were discussed.
文摘采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和电化学综合测试仪对亚共析珠光体铀铌合金激光焊接接头的微观结构和电化学行为开展了研究,结果显示:亚共析珠光体铀铌合金焊缝晶粒尺寸约50μm,焊缝相结构为单相正交结构α`马氏体;在50μg/g Cl-的Na Cl溶液中,焊缝金属腐蚀电位比基材低约400 m V,构成了电偶腐蚀对,在电偶腐蚀和自腐蚀共同作用下,焊接接头的腐蚀电流比焊缝金属和基材分别高约3至10倍,接头整体抗腐蚀性能低于基材,腐蚀形式表现为均匀腐蚀。
