AIM: To develop an image-based objective method to precisely evaluate regional ocular bulbar injection. · METHODS: Six healthy adult volunteers were photographed in four orientations(superior,inferior,nasal and t...AIM: To develop an image-based objective method to precisely evaluate regional ocular bulbar injection. · METHODS: Six healthy adult volunteers were photographed in four orientations(superior,inferior,nasal and temporal sides) with and without stimulating eye drops. Six line segments(covering 30°) were drawn 4mm away from the limbus on each image using ImageJ software. The graph peaks,which were derived from the areas under the line segments and corresponded to the cross-sectional grey-level of the vessels,were analyzed to obtain peak area,peak height/width(PH/PW),and peak numbers. Different-sized areas were selected to calculate the pixels based on the edge-detection algorithm. Also,conjunctival and superficial scleral vessels were analyzed separately. ·RESULTS: This method had a smaller coefficient of variation,especially for PH/PW,in all four orientations. Hyperaemia parameters changed the least after challenging in the superior region. Moreover,95% of the PH/PW ratios were greater than 0.87 in conjunctival vessels and less than 1.00 in superficial scleral vessels. PH/PW significantly increased in conjunctival vessels and changed less in superficial scleral vessels. ·CONCLUSION: A new method of objectively assessing bulbar injection based on ocular surface images was developed. This method can be used to quantify ocular regional injection and to distinguish the superficial scleral and conjunctival vessels.展开更多
目的利用眼表综合分析仪和视觉模拟评分探索翼状胬肉切除术后眼表炎症的变化规律,评估其作为抗炎治疗评价指标的有效性。方法采用前瞻性病例自身对照研究设计,纳入2016年6—9月在中山眼科中心就诊的18例原发性翼状胬肉患者。所有患者均...目的利用眼表综合分析仪和视觉模拟评分探索翼状胬肉切除术后眼表炎症的变化规律,评估其作为抗炎治疗评价指标的有效性。方法采用前瞻性病例自身对照研究设计,纳入2016年6—9月在中山眼科中心就诊的18例原发性翼状胬肉患者。所有患者均接受翼状胬肉切除联合羊膜移植术,术后给予眼表抗炎治疗。患者术前,术后1、3、7、10、30和60 d进行眼表炎症评估,通过眼表综合分析仪眼红指数分析软件对颞侧球结膜眼红指数(TCHI)进行动态评估,采用眼部症状评分(OSS)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者主观炎症状态进行分析,荧光素钠染色观察角膜及巩膜手术创面上皮化进程,并行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压和术后并发症的评价。结果在随访过程中,未观察到与手术和药物相关的全身和眼部严重并发症。术后10 d,角膜上皮缺损修复完全,术后30 d,巩膜暴露区结膜上皮化完全。术后60 d,BCVA(LogMAR)为0.12±0.17,与术前值0.34±0.36相比明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.401,P=0.003)。术后1 d OSS及VAS均较术前值明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(OSS:Z=-4.255,P=0.000;VAS:Z=-5.256,P=0.000);术后7 d,OSS降至术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.958,P=0.372);术后30 d,VAS降至术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.631,P=0.192);术后60 d,OSS低于术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.397,P=0.037)。术前TCHI均大于1.2,术后1 d TCHI升至峰值,术后1 d TCHI与术前值比较差异有统计学意义(t=-6.620,P=0.000),随着抗炎治疗的介入TCHI逐渐降低,术后7 d TCHI回落至术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异无统计学意义(t=-1.050,P=0.310);术后60 d,TCHI降至基线水平之下,与术前值比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.758,P=0.020)。结论翼状胬肉围手术期采用主观症状评分联合眼红指数分析可准确评估患者眼表炎症状态,并作为评价抗炎治疗效果的参考指标。展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).The complex process of accelerated athero- and arteriosclerosis in CKD is associated with this phenomenon,where en...Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).The complex process of accelerated athero- and arteriosclerosis in CKD is associated with this phenomenon,where endothelial dysfunction(ED) is one of the initial steps. Hence, the early diagnosis of ED can potentially lead to early interventions which could result in a better outcome for these patients. Several methodologies have been developed for the diagnosis of ED. Laser Doppler flowmetry(LDF) enables us to study the microcirculation continuously in a non-invasive manner. In our review we would like to focus on different tests developed for LDF, like postocclusive reactive hyperaemia,local heating, iontophoresis, microdialysis or analysis of flowmotion. We would also like to summarize the available data in CKD with these methodologies to enlighten their perspectives in the clinical use on this patient population.展开更多
Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from substrates.In this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and analyzed.It ha...Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from substrates.In this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and analyzed.It has been observed that energy consumption during the AP does not match predictions of the conventional theory of neural energy dynamics.On short time scales,neural energy expenditure shifts between positive and negative phases.During the AP,the energy source switches from neuronal stores(positive expenditure or net consumption)to exploitation of external substrates,specifically the glucose and oxygen carried in cerebral blood(the negative consumption phase).Based on the idea of reductionism,this paper demonstrates how ion channels,membrane pumps and transporters,ionotropic and metabotropic receptor signaling pathways,astrocyte glycolysis and the production lactate,and the glutamate-glutamine cycle all serve to relate cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism to neuronal activity and so maintain neuronal energy charge during the AP.展开更多
In cases of death caused by hypothermia,histological analysis can be used to determine the cause of death.Certain histological alterations of the pituitary glands in hypothermia have been reported in the literature,in...In cases of death caused by hypothermia,histological analysis can be used to determine the cause of death.Certain histological alterations of the pituitary glands in hypothermia have been reported in the literature,including haemorrhage,hyperaemia and cellular vacuolization of cells in the anterior lobe.In the present study,the validity of these morphological alterations as markers for fatal accidental hypothermia was investigated in autopsy material.A total of 34 pituitary glands in cases of verified fatal accidental hypothermia were examined histologically(haematoxylin and eosin,ferric,azan)and immunohistochemically(LCA,ACTH,C5b-9).The findings were compared with 61 cases in a control group.Hyperaemia was found in 50.0%of the study group cases and 59.0% of the control group cases.Cellular vacuolization was observed in one case(2.9%)in the study group and one case(1.6%)in the control group.Acute or recent haemorrhage in the glandular tissue was never detected.In our study,the histopathological characteristics described in the literature as pathognomonic for hypothermia could not be confirmed.Furthermore,histological differences in the pituitary glands between fatal hypothermia cases and control group cases were not observed.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81170827)Ministry of Education of China(No.20120171110087)
文摘AIM: To develop an image-based objective method to precisely evaluate regional ocular bulbar injection. · METHODS: Six healthy adult volunteers were photographed in four orientations(superior,inferior,nasal and temporal sides) with and without stimulating eye drops. Six line segments(covering 30°) were drawn 4mm away from the limbus on each image using ImageJ software. The graph peaks,which were derived from the areas under the line segments and corresponded to the cross-sectional grey-level of the vessels,were analyzed to obtain peak area,peak height/width(PH/PW),and peak numbers. Different-sized areas were selected to calculate the pixels based on the edge-detection algorithm. Also,conjunctival and superficial scleral vessels were analyzed separately. ·RESULTS: This method had a smaller coefficient of variation,especially for PH/PW,in all four orientations. Hyperaemia parameters changed the least after challenging in the superior region. Moreover,95% of the PH/PW ratios were greater than 0.87 in conjunctival vessels and less than 1.00 in superficial scleral vessels. PH/PW significantly increased in conjunctival vessels and changed less in superficial scleral vessels. ·CONCLUSION: A new method of objectively assessing bulbar injection based on ocular surface images was developed. This method can be used to quantify ocular regional injection and to distinguish the superficial scleral and conjunctival vessels.
文摘目的利用眼表综合分析仪和视觉模拟评分探索翼状胬肉切除术后眼表炎症的变化规律,评估其作为抗炎治疗评价指标的有效性。方法采用前瞻性病例自身对照研究设计,纳入2016年6—9月在中山眼科中心就诊的18例原发性翼状胬肉患者。所有患者均接受翼状胬肉切除联合羊膜移植术,术后给予眼表抗炎治疗。患者术前,术后1、3、7、10、30和60 d进行眼表炎症评估,通过眼表综合分析仪眼红指数分析软件对颞侧球结膜眼红指数(TCHI)进行动态评估,采用眼部症状评分(OSS)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)对患者主观炎症状态进行分析,荧光素钠染色观察角膜及巩膜手术创面上皮化进程,并行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压和术后并发症的评价。结果在随访过程中,未观察到与手术和药物相关的全身和眼部严重并发症。术后10 d,角膜上皮缺损修复完全,术后30 d,巩膜暴露区结膜上皮化完全。术后60 d,BCVA(LogMAR)为0.12±0.17,与术前值0.34±0.36相比明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=3.401,P=0.003)。术后1 d OSS及VAS均较术前值明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(OSS:Z=-4.255,P=0.000;VAS:Z=-5.256,P=0.000);术后7 d,OSS降至术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.958,P=0.372);术后30 d,VAS降至术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-1.631,P=0.192);术后60 d,OSS低于术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.397,P=0.037)。术前TCHI均大于1.2,术后1 d TCHI升至峰值,术后1 d TCHI与术前值比较差异有统计学意义(t=-6.620,P=0.000),随着抗炎治疗的介入TCHI逐渐降低,术后7 d TCHI回落至术前基线水平,与术前值比较差异无统计学意义(t=-1.050,P=0.310);术后60 d,TCHI降至基线水平之下,与术前值比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.758,P=0.020)。结论翼状胬肉围手术期采用主观症状评分联合眼红指数分析可准确评估患者眼表炎症状态,并作为评价抗炎治疗效果的参考指标。
文摘Cardiovascular diseases are the major causes of mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).The complex process of accelerated athero- and arteriosclerosis in CKD is associated with this phenomenon,where endothelial dysfunction(ED) is one of the initial steps. Hence, the early diagnosis of ED can potentially lead to early interventions which could result in a better outcome for these patients. Several methodologies have been developed for the diagnosis of ED. Laser Doppler flowmetry(LDF) enables us to study the microcirculation continuously in a non-invasive manner. In our review we would like to focus on different tests developed for LDF, like postocclusive reactive hyperaemia,local heating, iontophoresis, microdialysis or analysis of flowmotion. We would also like to summarize the available data in CKD with these methodologies to enlighten their perspectives in the clinical use on this patient population.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.1123200511002055)the Ministry of Education Doctoral Foundation(Grant No.20120074110020)
文摘Neural information processing is tightly coupled to both energy consumption and derivation from substrates.In this study,the energy function of the neuron during the action potential(AP)is described and analyzed.It has been observed that energy consumption during the AP does not match predictions of the conventional theory of neural energy dynamics.On short time scales,neural energy expenditure shifts between positive and negative phases.During the AP,the energy source switches from neuronal stores(positive expenditure or net consumption)to exploitation of external substrates,specifically the glucose and oxygen carried in cerebral blood(the negative consumption phase).Based on the idea of reductionism,this paper demonstrates how ion channels,membrane pumps and transporters,ionotropic and metabotropic receptor signaling pathways,astrocyte glycolysis and the production lactate,and the glutamate-glutamine cycle all serve to relate cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism to neuronal activity and so maintain neuronal energy charge during the AP.
文摘In cases of death caused by hypothermia,histological analysis can be used to determine the cause of death.Certain histological alterations of the pituitary glands in hypothermia have been reported in the literature,including haemorrhage,hyperaemia and cellular vacuolization of cells in the anterior lobe.In the present study,the validity of these morphological alterations as markers for fatal accidental hypothermia was investigated in autopsy material.A total of 34 pituitary glands in cases of verified fatal accidental hypothermia were examined histologically(haematoxylin and eosin,ferric,azan)and immunohistochemically(LCA,ACTH,C5b-9).The findings were compared with 61 cases in a control group.Hyperaemia was found in 50.0%of the study group cases and 59.0% of the control group cases.Cellular vacuolization was observed in one case(2.9%)in the study group and one case(1.6%)in the control group.Acute or recent haemorrhage in the glandular tissue was never detected.In our study,the histopathological characteristics described in the literature as pathognomonic for hypothermia could not be confirmed.Furthermore,histological differences in the pituitary glands between fatal hypothermia cases and control group cases were not observed.
