In this work,various Co_(3)O_(4)-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the microwave hydrothermal method(MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5),dynamic hydrothermal method(DH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5),and conventio nal hydrothermal method(CH-Co_(...In this work,various Co_(3)O_(4)-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the microwave hydrothermal method(MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5),dynamic hydrothermal method(DH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5),and conventio nal hydrothermal method(CH-Co_(3)O_(4)/ZSM-5).Their catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane(DCM)was analyzed.Detailed characterizations such as X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),temperature-programmed desorption of O_(2)(O_(2)-TPD),temperature-programmed desorption of NH_(3)(NH_(3)-TPD),diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectra with NH_(3)molecules(NH_(3)-DRIFT),and temperature-programmed surface reaction(TPSR)were performed.Results showed that with the assistance of microwave,MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 formed a uniform core-shell structure,while the other two samples did not.MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 possessed rich surface adsorbed oxygen species,higher ratio of Co^(3+)/Co^(2+),strong acidity,high reducibility,and oxygen mobility among the three Co_(3)O_(4)-ZSM-5 catalysts,which was beneficial for the improvement of DCM oxidation.In the oxidation of dichloromethane,MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 presented the best activity and mineralization,which was consistent with the characterizations results.Meanwhile,according to the TPSR test,HCl or Cl_(2)removal from the catalyst surface was also promoted in MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 by their abundant Bronsted acid sites and the promotion of Deacon reaction by Co_(3)O_(4)or the synergistic effect of Co_(3)O_(4)and ZSM-5.According to the results of in situ DRIFT studies,a possible reaction pathway of DCM oxidation was proposed over the MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 catalysts.展开更多
In this paper,a hydrothermal approach is utilized for the first time in integrating graphene oxide(GO),acetic acid(HAc)and nickel foam to prepare hydrogenated graphene(HG).There are two primary aims of this study:one ...In this paper,a hydrothermal approach is utilized for the first time in integrating graphene oxide(GO),acetic acid(HAc)and nickel foam to prepare hydrogenated graphene(HG).There are two primary aims of this study:one is to ascertain the structure of the as-prepared HG,and the other one is to investigate the ferromagnetism of the HG.Under hydrothermal conditions,GO was reduced and hydrogenated by HAc,while the nickel foam served as a catalyst.This work provides a novel and facile route for the synthesis of hydrogenated graphene,which may lead to the application of hydrogenated graphene in spin electronic devices.展开更多
Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanocomposites consisting of Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets decorated with Bi nanodots were synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The formation of Bi nanodots on the Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheet surfaces...Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanocomposites consisting of Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets decorated with Bi nanodots were synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The formation of Bi nanodots on the Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheet surfaces was attributed to the reducibility of 2-methoxyethanol in the precursor solution.Comparative photocatalytic evaluation reveals that the Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanocomposites significantly enhance the degradation efficiency(99.0%)of bisphenol A compared with Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets(64.2%)under 120 min simulated solar irradiation.This remarkable enhancement can be attributed to the established Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)heterojunction structure,which effectively facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and accelerates interfacial charge transfer between the metallic Bi nanodots and semiconductor Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets.The synergistic effects arising from this unique architecture ultimately lead to superior photocatalytic performance.展开更多
A facile one-step hydrothermal method has been reported to synthesize theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays with the preferred orientation along the[104]direction on the ITO substrate.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays-bas...A facile one-step hydrothermal method has been reported to synthesize theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays with the preferred orientation along the[104]direction on the ITO substrate.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays-based W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor has been achieved by depositing the circular W top electrodes on theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays.The as-prepared W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor shows a reliable nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching behavior with the high resistance ratio of about 103at the reading voltage of 0.1 V,good resistance retention over 10~3s,ultralow set voltage of-0.6 V and reset voltage of 0.7 V,and good durability.In addition,the tunneling conduction mechanism modified by the oxygen vacancies has been proposed and suggested to be responsible for the nonvolatile resistive switching behavior of the as-prepared W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor.This work demonstrates that the as-preparedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays-based W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor would be a promising candidate for further ultralow power nonvolatile memory applications.展开更多
ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The m...ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The methods for preparing ZnO are diverse,and among them,the hydrothermal method is favored for its simplicity,ease of operation,and low cost,making it an optimal choice for ZnO single-crystal growth.Most studies investigating the effects of different hydrothermal experimental parameters on the morphology and performance of ZnO nano-materials typically focus on only 2—3 variable parameters,with few examining the impact of all possible experimental parameter changes on ZnO nano-mate-rials.The principles of the hydrothermal method and its advantages in nano-material preparation were briefly introduced in this article.The detailed discussion on the influence of various experimental parameters on the preparation of ZnO nano-materials was provided,which including reaction materials,Zn^(2+)/OH^(-)ratio,reaction time and temperature,additives,experimental equipment,and annealing conditions.The review co-vers how different experimental parameters affect the morphology and performance of the materials,as well as how different rare earth doping elements influence the performance of ZnO nano-materials.It is hoped that this work will contribute to future research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials.展开更多
This paper adopted the hydrothermal method to prepare tungsten oxide(WO_(3))nanorod films and studied the effects of precursor solution concentration(0.02,0.03,0.06 mol/L peroxytungstic acid)and annealing temperature(...This paper adopted the hydrothermal method to prepare tungsten oxide(WO_(3))nanorod films and studied the effects of precursor solution concentration(0.02,0.03,0.06 mol/L peroxytungstic acid)and annealing temperature(200,300,400℃)on their electrochromic properties.The microstructure characterization of WO_(3) films were performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and transmission electron microscope(TEM),and their electrochromic properties were tested by combining an electrochemical workstation with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.The results showed that the precursor solution concentration directly affected the thickness(290,560,990 nm)and microstructure of WO_(3) films,significantly impacting their electrochromic properties.However,the annealing temperature had a negligible effect.As the precursor solution concentration increased,the optical modulation of WO_(3) films gradually decreased,reaching 51.1%,43.8%,and 35.1%,respectively.The switching time first increased and then stabilized,with coloring times of 7.3,7.7,and 7.7 s,respectively,and bleaching times of 3.8,6.5,and 6.5 s,respectively.The coloration efficiency gradually increased but the increase was relatively small,reaching 41.8,44.4,and 44.8 cm^(2)/C,respectively.Moreover,the cycling stability of WO_(3) films was poor,with the ratios of the final value of optical modulation to the initial value 0.33,0.26,and 0.34,respectively.Additionally,there were bigger differences in the bleached state transmittance,while the colored state transmittance showed smaller variations.However,the former has better cycling stability than the latter.In summary,to obtain better electrochromic properties,the thickness of WO_(3) films should not exceed 290 nm.展开更多
ZnSe microspheres were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method under mild conditions using aqueous zinc nitrate and sodium selenite as raw materials. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, reaction time, concen...ZnSe microspheres were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method under mild conditions using aqueous zinc nitrate and sodium selenite as raw materials. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, reaction time, concentration of NaOH and amount of hydrazine hydrate on the phase structure, morphology and size of final products were carefully investigated. The phase structures, morphologies and optical properties of the final products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. ZnSe microspheres assembled by average size (about 20 nm) nanocrystals were prepared using 20 mL of 1 mol/L NaOH solution and 10 mL of hydrazine hydrate at 180 °C for 4 h. The results show that the products obtained at low hydrothermal temperature and short reaction time have poor crystallinity and contain impurity phases. The appropriate NaOH concentration and amount of hydrazine hydrate ensure to obtain pure ZnSe with spherical morphology and better luminescence property.展开更多
Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperat...Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of AG to AgNO3, and reaction time, silver nanoparticles with different morphological characteristics could be obtained. The products were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was found that temperature and AG played an important role in the synthesis of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles. Well dispersed and quasispherical silver nanoparticles were obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions of 10 mmol/L AgNO3, m（AG）/m（AgN03）= l：1, 160 ℃ and 3 h.展开更多
SnO2 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 5-30 nm were synthesized using SnCl4·5H2O as the precursor and NH3·H2O as the mineralizing agent by hydrothermal method.In the case of 1 kg/batch producti...SnO2 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 5-30 nm were synthesized using SnCl4·5H2O as the precursor and NH3·H2O as the mineralizing agent by hydrothermal method.In the case of 1 kg/batch production,the effects of synthesis conditions including solution concentration,reaction temperature,pressure,time and pH value on the grain size,particle morphology and crystal structure of SnO2 were systematically studied.The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The results show that,the particle size can be well controlled in the range of 5-30 nm by adjusting the processing parameters such as reaction temperature and time when the crystal structure and particle morphology remain unchanged.The previous reports,the unusual dependences of the grain size of SnO2 on reaction temperature and time were found.The mechanism for such abnormal grain growth behavior was tentatively elucidated.展开更多
The ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres were facile synthesized by mild- temperature post-synthesis H2O2 hydrothermal treatment of as-synthesized MCM-48. The results showed that H2O2 is indispensable for ...The ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres were facile synthesized by mild- temperature post-synthesis H2O2 hydrothermal treatment of as-synthesized MCM-48. The results showed that H2O2 is indispensable for simultaneously removing organic templates and forming ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres. The bimodal mesoporous MCM-48 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrographs, FT-IR, and N2 adsorption-desorption, and a possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of bimodal mesoporous MCM-48.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg) and its alloys have emerged as a favored candidate for bio-regenerative medical implants due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability and the elastic modulus close to that of human bone. Unfo...Magnesium(Mg) and its alloys have emerged as a favored candidate for bio-regenerative medical implants due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability and the elastic modulus close to that of human bone. Unfortunately, the rapid and uncontrollable degradation rate of Mg alloys in chloride-rich body microenvironments limits their clinical orthopedic applications. Recently, Calcium Phosphate(Ca-P)biomaterials, especially Hydroxyapatite(HA), have been broadly applied in the surface functional modification of metal-based biomaterials attributed to their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. Hydrothermal modification of Ca-P coatings on Mg alloys has been extensively exploited by researchers for its significant superiorities in controlling coating structure and improving interfacial bonding strength for better osseointegration and corrosion resistance. This work focuses on the up-to-the-minute advances in Ca-P coatings on the surface of Mg and its alloys via hydrothermal methods, including the strategies and mechanisms of hydrothermal modification. Herein, we are inclined to share some feasible and attractive hydrothermal surface modification strategies. From the perspectives of hydrothermal manufacturing technique innovation and coating structure optimization, we evaluate how to foster the corrosion resistance, coating bonding strength, osseointegration and antibacterial properties of Mg alloys with Ca-P coatings synthesized by hydrothermal method. The challenges and future perspectives on the follow-up exploration of Mg alloys for orthopedic applications are also elaborately proposed.展开更多
Acephate pesticide contamination in agricultural production has caused serious human health problems.Metal oxide semiconductor(MOS)gas sensor can be used as a portable and promising alternative tool for efficiently de...Acephate pesticide contamination in agricultural production has caused serious human health problems.Metal oxide semiconductor(MOS)gas sensor can be used as a portable and promising alternative tool for efficiently detection of acephate.In this study,hierarchical assembled SnO_(2)nanosphere,SnO_(2)hollow nanosphere and SnO_2 nanoflower were synthesized respectively as high efficiency sensing materials to build rapid and selective acephate pesticide residues sensors.The morphologies of different SnO_(2)3 D nanostructures were characterized by various material characterization technology.The sensitive performance test results of the 3 D SnO_(2)nanomaterials towards acephate show that hollow nanosphere SnO_(2)based sensor displayed preferable sensitivity,selectivity,and rapid response(9 s)properties toward acephate at the optimal working temperature(300℃).This SnO_(2)hollow nanosphere based gas sensor represents a useful tool for simple and highly effective monitoring of acephate pesticide residues in food and environment.According to the characterization results,particularly Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy(UV-vis),the obvious and fast response can be attributed to the mesoporous hollow nanosphere structure and appropriate band gap of SnO_2 hollow nanosphere.展开更多
In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
Rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates with the edge lengths ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm and the thickness about 1.5 μm were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method using urea as the precipitance. The structure a...Rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates with the edge lengths ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm and the thickness about 1.5 μm were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method using urea as the precipitance. The structure and properties of the rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical property of the rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates doped with Eu^3＋ was investigated by photoluminescence. A broad and strong emission band at 677 nm was obtained, which can be contributed to producing light conversion film.展开更多
The semiconductor TiO_(2)is the most important photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants.Anatase TiO_(2)has a large band gap of 3.2 eV that requires powerful UV light to initiate the photocatalytic reactions.Man...The semiconductor TiO_(2)is the most important photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants.Anatase TiO_(2)has a large band gap of 3.2 eV that requires powerful UV light to initiate the photocatalytic reactions.Many modifịcation methods such as metal ion doping,composite semiconductors and metal layer modification have been used to extend the light absorption of the catalyst to the visible light region but have little effect[1~4].Surface sensitization with dyes[5]is not practical in application as most dyes self-degrade easily.Therefore,the preparation of TiO_(2)with good wavelength response in the visible light region and high photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation using natural sunlight is an important goal in TiO_(2)photocatalysis.展开更多
Nanocrystal of upconversion （UC） phosphor Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of the complexing agent EDTA. Under 980 nm diode laser excitation, the imp...Nanocrystal of upconversion （UC） phosphor Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of the complexing agent EDTA. Under 980 nm diode laser excitation, the impact of different concentrations of Ho^3＋ ion on the UC luminescence intensity was discussed. The law of luminescence intensity versus pump power shows that the 474 nm blue emission, 538 nm green emission, and 642 nm red emission are all due to the two-photon process, while the 450 nm blue emission is a three-photon process. The UC mechanism and processes were also analyzed. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The result shows that Ho^3＋ ,Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibits a hexagonal nanocrystal.展开更多
LiCoPO4 micron-rods with an average diameter of about 500 nm and length of about 5 μm were synthesized by dispersant-aided hydrothermal method. Poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as dispersant in the hydrotherma...LiCoPO4 micron-rods with an average diameter of about 500 nm and length of about 5 μm were synthesized by dispersant-aided hydrothermal method. Poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as dispersant in the hydrothermal method. The starting solution and the concentration of dispersant have significant influences on the morphology of LiCoPO4,and the electrochemical performance is improved via controlling the particle size and morphology by the hydrothermal method. The cell using smaller particle LiCoPO4 as cat...展开更多
Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), but it suffers from pulverization and hence poor cycling stability due to the large volume variation during lithiation/delithiation...Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), but it suffers from pulverization and hence poor cycling stability due to the large volume variation during lithiation/delithiation. The core-shell structure is considered as an effective strategy to solve the expansion problem of silicon-based anodes. In this paper, the double-shell structured Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite with nano-silicon as the core and SnO_(2) , C as the shells is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method.Structural characterization shows that Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite is composed of crystalline Si, crystalline SnO_(2) and amorphous C, and the contents of them are 42.1wt%, 37.8 wt% and 20.1 wt%, respectively. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) observations confirm the double-shell structure of Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite, and the thicknesses of the SnO_(2) and C layers are 20 and 7 nm. The Si@SnO_(2) @C electrode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 2777 mAh·g^(-1)at 100 mA·g^(-1)and an excellent rate capability of 340 mAh·g^(-1)at 1500 mA·g^(-1). The outstanding capacity retention is 50.2% after 300 cycles over a potential of 0.01 to 2.00 V(vs. Li/Li+) at 500 mA·g^(-1). The resistance of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) film(Rf) and charge transfer resistance(Rct) of Si@SnO_(2) @C are 7.68and 0.82 Ω, which are relatively smaller than those of Si@C(21.64 and 2.62 Ω). It is obviously seen that the SnO_(2) shell can reduce the charge transfer resistance, leading to high ion and electron transport efficiency in the Si@SnO_(2) @C electrode. The incorporation of SnO_(2) shell is attributed to the enhanced rate capability and cycling performance of Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite.展开更多
pH value is a key factor in the preparation of nano-sized TiO2 with hydrothermal method. Using Ti（SO4）2 as the titanium source, H2O2 as the complexing agent, NaOH and HCl as the pH value regulator, nano- sized TiO2 ...pH value is a key factor in the preparation of nano-sized TiO2 with hydrothermal method. Using Ti（SO4）2 as the titanium source, H2O2 as the complexing agent, NaOH and HCl as the pH value regulator, nano- sized TiO2 powder with various morphologies and sizes was synthesized. Changes in morphology, size and phase type with pH values of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron micro- scopy （TEM） measurements. Results show that under the present preparation conditions, TiO2 powder is an anatase phase with pH value less than 11, but is more likely to be a brookite phase with pH value more than 11. With the increase in pH value from 1 to 11 in hydrothermal envi- ronment, nano-sized anatase TiO2 gradually grows up in all directions. {001 }, { 101 } and { 100} groups of crystal plane are the exposed crystal planes of nano-sized anatase TiO2 for the （004）, （101） and （200） facets found in high-reso- lution TEM image. The photocatalytic performance of nano-sized TiO2 with different morphologies was com- pared by measuring their photocatalytic degradation rates for methylene blue under ultraviolet light. Results show that anatase TiO2 prepared under the alkalescenthydrothermal environment （pH = 9, 11） has a better pho- tocatalytic degrading performance. Different sizes and phases of nanoscaled TiO2 powders with different photo- catalytic performances can be prepared by the control of pH value of hydrothermal solutions.展开更多
In this paper,the Pt/SnO2 nanostructures were prepared via a facile one-step microwave assisted hydrothermal route.The structure of the introduced Pt/SnO2 and its gas-sensing properties toward CO were investigated.The...In this paper,the Pt/SnO2 nanostructures were prepared via a facile one-step microwave assisted hydrothermal route.The structure of the introduced Pt/SnO2 and its gas-sensing properties toward CO were investigated.The results from the TEM test reveal that Pt grows on the SnO2 nanostructure,which was not found for bulk in this situ method,constructing Pt/SnO2.The results indicated that the sensor using 3.0 wt%Pt/SnO2 to 100 ppm carbon monoxide performed a superior sensing properties compared to 1.5 wt%and 4.5 wt%Pt/SnO2 at 225℃.The response time of 3.0 wt%sensor is 16 s to 100 ppm CO at225℃.Such enhanced gas sensing performances could be attributed to the chemical and electrical factors.In view of chemical factors,the presence of Pt facilitates the surface reaction,which will improve the gas sensing properties.With respect to the electrical factors,the Pt/SnO2 plays roles in increasing the sensor’s response due to its characteristic configuration.In addition,the one-step in situ microwave assisted process provides a promising and versatile choice for the preparation of gas sensing materials.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51708492)National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2016YFC0204700)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial"151"Talents Programthe Program for Zhejiang Leading Team of S&T Innovation(No.2013TD07)。
文摘In this work,various Co_(3)O_(4)-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by the microwave hydrothermal method(MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5),dynamic hydrothermal method(DH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5),and conventio nal hydrothermal method(CH-Co_(3)O_(4)/ZSM-5).Their catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane(DCM)was analyzed.Detailed characterizations such as X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR),temperature-programmed desorption of O_(2)(O_(2)-TPD),temperature-programmed desorption of NH_(3)(NH_(3)-TPD),diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectra with NH_(3)molecules(NH_(3)-DRIFT),and temperature-programmed surface reaction(TPSR)were performed.Results showed that with the assistance of microwave,MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 formed a uniform core-shell structure,while the other two samples did not.MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 possessed rich surface adsorbed oxygen species,higher ratio of Co^(3+)/Co^(2+),strong acidity,high reducibility,and oxygen mobility among the three Co_(3)O_(4)-ZSM-5 catalysts,which was beneficial for the improvement of DCM oxidation.In the oxidation of dichloromethane,MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 presented the best activity and mineralization,which was consistent with the characterizations results.Meanwhile,according to the TPSR test,HCl or Cl_(2)removal from the catalyst surface was also promoted in MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 by their abundant Bronsted acid sites and the promotion of Deacon reaction by Co_(3)O_(4)or the synergistic effect of Co_(3)O_(4)and ZSM-5.According to the results of in situ DRIFT studies,a possible reaction pathway of DCM oxidation was proposed over the MH-Co_(3)O_(4)@ZSM-5 catalysts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21271082 and 21371068).
文摘In this paper,a hydrothermal approach is utilized for the first time in integrating graphene oxide(GO),acetic acid(HAc)and nickel foam to prepare hydrogenated graphene(HG).There are two primary aims of this study:one is to ascertain the structure of the as-prepared HG,and the other one is to investigate the ferromagnetism of the HG.Under hydrothermal conditions,GO was reduced and hydrogenated by HAc,while the nickel foam served as a catalyst.This work provides a novel and facile route for the synthesis of hydrogenated graphene,which may lead to the application of hydrogenated graphene in spin electronic devices.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50902108)。
文摘Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanocomposites consisting of Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets decorated with Bi nanodots were synthesized by a hydrothermal method.The formation of Bi nanodots on the Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheet surfaces was attributed to the reducibility of 2-methoxyethanol in the precursor solution.Comparative photocatalytic evaluation reveals that the Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanocomposites significantly enhance the degradation efficiency(99.0%)of bisphenol A compared with Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets(64.2%)under 120 min simulated solar irradiation.This remarkable enhancement can be attributed to the established Bi/Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)heterojunction structure,which effectively facilitates the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and accelerates interfacial charge transfer between the metallic Bi nanodots and semiconductor Bi_(2)Fe_(4)O_(9)nanosheets.The synergistic effects arising from this unique architecture ultimately lead to superior photocatalytic performance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62341305 and 22269002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2024GXNSFFA010007)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.AD19110038)the Key Laboratory of AI and Information Processing,Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region(Grant No.2024GXZDSY015)the Innovation Project of Guangxi University of Science and Technology Graduate Education(Grant No.GKYC202408)。
文摘A facile one-step hydrothermal method has been reported to synthesize theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays with the preferred orientation along the[104]direction on the ITO substrate.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays-based W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor has been achieved by depositing the circular W top electrodes on theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays.The as-prepared W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor shows a reliable nonvolatile bipolar resistive switching behavior with the high resistance ratio of about 103at the reading voltage of 0.1 V,good resistance retention over 10~3s,ultralow set voltage of-0.6 V and reset voltage of 0.7 V,and good durability.In addition,the tunneling conduction mechanism modified by the oxygen vacancies has been proposed and suggested to be responsible for the nonvolatile resistive switching behavior of the as-prepared W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor.This work demonstrates that the as-preparedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nanosheet arrays-based W/α-Fe_(2)O_(3)/ITO memristor would be a promising candidate for further ultralow power nonvolatile memory applications.
文摘ZnO is a highly significant II-VI semiconductor known for its excellent optoelectronic properties,making it widely applicable and promising for use in light-emitting devices,solar cells,lasers,and photodetectors.The methods for preparing ZnO are diverse,and among them,the hydrothermal method is favored for its simplicity,ease of operation,and low cost,making it an optimal choice for ZnO single-crystal growth.Most studies investigating the effects of different hydrothermal experimental parameters on the morphology and performance of ZnO nano-materials typically focus on only 2—3 variable parameters,with few examining the impact of all possible experimental parameter changes on ZnO nano-mate-rials.The principles of the hydrothermal method and its advantages in nano-material preparation were briefly introduced in this article.The detailed discussion on the influence of various experimental parameters on the preparation of ZnO nano-materials was provided,which including reaction materials,Zn^(2+)/OH^(-)ratio,reaction time and temperature,additives,experimental equipment,and annealing conditions.The review co-vers how different experimental parameters affect the morphology and performance of the materials,as well as how different rare earth doping elements influence the performance of ZnO nano-materials.It is hoped that this work will contribute to future research on the hydrothermal synthesis of nano-materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52272009)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(No.242102230151)+1 种基金the Henan Provincial University Science and Technology Innovation Team(No.25IRTSTHN009)the Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(Nos.24B560021,25B560020,25B560023)。
文摘This paper adopted the hydrothermal method to prepare tungsten oxide(WO_(3))nanorod films and studied the effects of precursor solution concentration(0.02,0.03,0.06 mol/L peroxytungstic acid)and annealing temperature(200,300,400℃)on their electrochromic properties.The microstructure characterization of WO_(3) films were performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and transmission electron microscope(TEM),and their electrochromic properties were tested by combining an electrochemical workstation with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.The results showed that the precursor solution concentration directly affected the thickness(290,560,990 nm)and microstructure of WO_(3) films,significantly impacting their electrochromic properties.However,the annealing temperature had a negligible effect.As the precursor solution concentration increased,the optical modulation of WO_(3) films gradually decreased,reaching 51.1%,43.8%,and 35.1%,respectively.The switching time first increased and then stabilized,with coloring times of 7.3,7.7,and 7.7 s,respectively,and bleaching times of 3.8,6.5,and 6.5 s,respectively.The coloration efficiency gradually increased but the increase was relatively small,reaching 41.8,44.4,and 44.8 cm^(2)/C,respectively.Moreover,the cycling stability of WO_(3) films was poor,with the ratios of the final value of optical modulation to the initial value 0.33,0.26,and 0.34,respectively.Additionally,there were bigger differences in the bleached state transmittance,while the colored state transmittance showed smaller variations.However,the former has better cycling stability than the latter.In summary,to obtain better electrochromic properties,the thickness of WO_(3) films should not exceed 290 nm.
基金Project(13JJ1005)supported by the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Hunan Province,China
文摘ZnSe microspheres were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method under mild conditions using aqueous zinc nitrate and sodium selenite as raw materials. The effects of hydrothermal temperature, reaction time, concentration of NaOH and amount of hydrazine hydrate on the phase structure, morphology and size of final products were carefully investigated. The phase structures, morphologies and optical properties of the final products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. ZnSe microspheres assembled by average size (about 20 nm) nanocrystals were prepared using 20 mL of 1 mol/L NaOH solution and 10 mL of hydrazine hydrate at 180 °C for 4 h. The results show that the products obtained at low hydrothermal temperature and short reaction time have poor crystallinity and contain impurity phases. The appropriate NaOH concentration and amount of hydrazine hydrate ensure to obtain pure ZnSe with spherical morphology and better luminescence property.
文摘Finely divided silver nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Arabic gum （AG） was used as both the reductant and steric stabilizer without any other surfactant. By adjusting the reaction temperature, mass ratio of AG to AgNO3, and reaction time, silver nanoparticles with different morphological characteristics could be obtained. The products were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and XRD measurements. It was found that temperature and AG played an important role in the synthesis of mono-disperse silver nanoparticles. Well dispersed and quasispherical silver nanoparticles were obtained under the optimal synthesis conditions of 10 mmol/L AgNO3, m（AG）/m（AgN03）= l：1, 160 ℃ and 3 h.
基金Project(2006AA03Z413) supported by the Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘SnO2 nanoparticles with the average particle size of 5-30 nm were synthesized using SnCl4·5H2O as the precursor and NH3·H2O as the mineralizing agent by hydrothermal method.In the case of 1 kg/batch production,the effects of synthesis conditions including solution concentration,reaction temperature,pressure,time and pH value on the grain size,particle morphology and crystal structure of SnO2 were systematically studied.The particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）.The results show that,the particle size can be well controlled in the range of 5-30 nm by adjusting the processing parameters such as reaction temperature and time when the crystal structure and particle morphology remain unchanged.The previous reports,the unusual dependences of the grain size of SnO2 on reaction temperature and time were found.The mechanism for such abnormal grain growth behavior was tentatively elucidated.
基金ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20872135） and the China National Tobacco Corporation （No.110200701007）.
文摘The ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres were facile synthesized by mild- temperature post-synthesis H2O2 hydrothermal treatment of as-synthesized MCM-48. The results showed that H2O2 is indispensable for simultaneously removing organic templates and forming ordered bimodal mesoporous silica MCM-48 spheres. The bimodal mesoporous MCM-48 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron micrographs, FT-IR, and N2 adsorption-desorption, and a possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of bimodal mesoporous MCM-48.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51872197,81772363 and 81972076)Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology,China(Grant No.15411951000)。
文摘Magnesium(Mg) and its alloys have emerged as a favored candidate for bio-regenerative medical implants due to their superior biocompatibility, biodegradability and the elastic modulus close to that of human bone. Unfortunately, the rapid and uncontrollable degradation rate of Mg alloys in chloride-rich body microenvironments limits their clinical orthopedic applications. Recently, Calcium Phosphate(Ca-P)biomaterials, especially Hydroxyapatite(HA), have been broadly applied in the surface functional modification of metal-based biomaterials attributed to their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. Hydrothermal modification of Ca-P coatings on Mg alloys has been extensively exploited by researchers for its significant superiorities in controlling coating structure and improving interfacial bonding strength for better osseointegration and corrosion resistance. This work focuses on the up-to-the-minute advances in Ca-P coatings on the surface of Mg and its alloys via hydrothermal methods, including the strategies and mechanisms of hydrothermal modification. Herein, we are inclined to share some feasible and attractive hydrothermal surface modification strategies. From the perspectives of hydrothermal manufacturing technique innovation and coating structure optimization, we evaluate how to foster the corrosion resistance, coating bonding strength, osseointegration and antibacterial properties of Mg alloys with Ca-P coatings synthesized by hydrothermal method. The challenges and future perspectives on the follow-up exploration of Mg alloys for orthopedic applications are also elaborately proposed.
基金financially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701678)the Key Project of Shanghai Agriculture Prosperity through Science and Technology(No.2019-02-08-00-15-F01147)+3 种基金the project of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.19391901600)the Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.20JC1415300)the State Key Laborato ry of Transducer Technology of China(No.SKT1904)the Research Support Project number(No.RSP-2020/155),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Acephate pesticide contamination in agricultural production has caused serious human health problems.Metal oxide semiconductor(MOS)gas sensor can be used as a portable and promising alternative tool for efficiently detection of acephate.In this study,hierarchical assembled SnO_(2)nanosphere,SnO_(2)hollow nanosphere and SnO_2 nanoflower were synthesized respectively as high efficiency sensing materials to build rapid and selective acephate pesticide residues sensors.The morphologies of different SnO_(2)3 D nanostructures were characterized by various material characterization technology.The sensitive performance test results of the 3 D SnO_(2)nanomaterials towards acephate show that hollow nanosphere SnO_(2)based sensor displayed preferable sensitivity,selectivity,and rapid response(9 s)properties toward acephate at the optimal working temperature(300℃).This SnO_(2)hollow nanosphere based gas sensor represents a useful tool for simple and highly effective monitoring of acephate pesticide residues in food and environment.According to the characterization results,particularly Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy(UV-vis),the obvious and fast response can be attributed to the mesoporous hollow nanosphere structure and appropriate band gap of SnO_2 hollow nanosphere.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
文摘Rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates with the edge lengths ranging from 5 μm to 10 μm and the thickness about 1.5 μm were synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method using urea as the precipitance. The structure and properties of the rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical property of the rhombus-like SmCO3OH microplates doped with Eu^3＋ was investigated by photoluminescence. A broad and strong emission band at 677 nm was obtained, which can be contributed to producing light conversion film.
基金Supported by the Education Department of Zhejiang Province(20030625)SRF for ROCS,SEM(2003-14)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50272059).
文摘The semiconductor TiO_(2)is the most important photocatalyst for the degradation of pollutants.Anatase TiO_(2)has a large band gap of 3.2 eV that requires powerful UV light to initiate the photocatalytic reactions.Many modifịcation methods such as metal ion doping,composite semiconductors and metal layer modification have been used to extend the light absorption of the catalyst to the visible light region but have little effect[1~4].Surface sensitization with dyes[5]is not practical in application as most dyes self-degrade easily.Therefore,the preparation of TiO_(2)with good wavelength response in the visible light region and high photocatalytic activity for pollutant degradation using natural sunlight is an important goal in TiO_(2)photocatalysis.
基金Project supported bythe Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Chemistry and Physics ,ChangchunInstitute of Applied Chemistry ,Chinese Academy of Sciences (R020202K)
文摘Nanocrystal of upconversion （UC） phosphor Ho^3＋, Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 was prepared by the hydrothermal method in the presence of the complexing agent EDTA. Under 980 nm diode laser excitation, the impact of different concentrations of Ho^3＋ ion on the UC luminescence intensity was discussed. The law of luminescence intensity versus pump power shows that the 474 nm blue emission, 538 nm green emission, and 642 nm red emission are all due to the two-photon process, while the 450 nm blue emission is a three-photon process. The UC mechanism and processes were also analyzed. The sample was characterized by transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The result shows that Ho^3＋ ,Tm^3＋ , and Yb^3＋ co-doped NaYF4 prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibits a hexagonal nanocrystal.
文摘LiCoPO4 micron-rods with an average diameter of about 500 nm and length of about 5 μm were synthesized by dispersant-aided hydrothermal method. Poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was used as dispersant in the hydrothermal method. The starting solution and the concentration of dispersant have significant influences on the morphology of LiCoPO4,and the electrochemical performance is improved via controlling the particle size and morphology by the hydrothermal method. The cell using smaller particle LiCoPO4 as cat...
基金financially supported by GRINM Science and Technology Innovation Fund (Nos. 2020DY0109 and 57222001)the Opening Project Fund of Materials Service Safety Assessment Facilities (No. MSAF-2021-001)Guangdong High Level Innovation Research Institute (No. 2021B0909050001)。
文摘Silicon is one of the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs), but it suffers from pulverization and hence poor cycling stability due to the large volume variation during lithiation/delithiation. The core-shell structure is considered as an effective strategy to solve the expansion problem of silicon-based anodes. In this paper, the double-shell structured Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite with nano-silicon as the core and SnO_(2) , C as the shells is synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method.Structural characterization shows that Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite is composed of crystalline Si, crystalline SnO_(2) and amorphous C, and the contents of them are 42.1wt%, 37.8 wt% and 20.1 wt%, respectively. Transmission electron microscope(TEM) observations confirm the double-shell structure of Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite, and the thicknesses of the SnO_(2) and C layers are 20 and 7 nm. The Si@SnO_(2) @C electrode exhibits a high initial discharge capacity of 2777 mAh·g^(-1)at 100 mA·g^(-1)and an excellent rate capability of 340 mAh·g^(-1)at 1500 mA·g^(-1). The outstanding capacity retention is 50.2% after 300 cycles over a potential of 0.01 to 2.00 V(vs. Li/Li+) at 500 mA·g^(-1). The resistance of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) film(Rf) and charge transfer resistance(Rct) of Si@SnO_(2) @C are 7.68and 0.82 Ω, which are relatively smaller than those of Si@C(21.64 and 2.62 Ω). It is obviously seen that the SnO_(2) shell can reduce the charge transfer resistance, leading to high ion and electron transport efficiency in the Si@SnO_(2) @C electrode. The incorporation of SnO_(2) shell is attributed to the enhanced rate capability and cycling performance of Si@SnO_(2) @C nanocomposite.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51302322 and 21373273)the Open-End Fund for the Valuable and Precision Instruments of Central South University (No.CSUZC201613)+1 种基金the Open Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology and Application of Metal Toughening,Guangdong Institute of Materials and Processing (No.GKL201605)the Education Reform Project of Central South University (No.2016jy03)
文摘pH value is a key factor in the preparation of nano-sized TiO2 with hydrothermal method. Using Ti（SO4）2 as the titanium source, H2O2 as the complexing agent, NaOH and HCl as the pH value regulator, nano- sized TiO2 powder with various morphologies and sizes was synthesized. Changes in morphology, size and phase type with pH values of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and transmission electron micro- scopy （TEM） measurements. Results show that under the present preparation conditions, TiO2 powder is an anatase phase with pH value less than 11, but is more likely to be a brookite phase with pH value more than 11. With the increase in pH value from 1 to 11 in hydrothermal envi- ronment, nano-sized anatase TiO2 gradually grows up in all directions. {001 }, { 101 } and { 100} groups of crystal plane are the exposed crystal planes of nano-sized anatase TiO2 for the （004）, （101） and （200） facets found in high-reso- lution TEM image. The photocatalytic performance of nano-sized TiO2 with different morphologies was com- pared by measuring their photocatalytic degradation rates for methylene blue under ultraviolet light. Results show that anatase TiO2 prepared under the alkalescenthydrothermal environment （pH = 9, 11） has a better pho- tocatalytic degrading performance. Different sizes and phases of nanoscaled TiO2 powders with different photo- catalytic performances can be prepared by the control of pH value of hydrothermal solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61803172)the Start-up Research Foundation of Hainan University (No.KYQD(ZR)1910)。
文摘In this paper,the Pt/SnO2 nanostructures were prepared via a facile one-step microwave assisted hydrothermal route.The structure of the introduced Pt/SnO2 and its gas-sensing properties toward CO were investigated.The results from the TEM test reveal that Pt grows on the SnO2 nanostructure,which was not found for bulk in this situ method,constructing Pt/SnO2.The results indicated that the sensor using 3.0 wt%Pt/SnO2 to 100 ppm carbon monoxide performed a superior sensing properties compared to 1.5 wt%and 4.5 wt%Pt/SnO2 at 225℃.The response time of 3.0 wt%sensor is 16 s to 100 ppm CO at225℃.Such enhanced gas sensing performances could be attributed to the chemical and electrical factors.In view of chemical factors,the presence of Pt facilitates the surface reaction,which will improve the gas sensing properties.With respect to the electrical factors,the Pt/SnO2 plays roles in increasing the sensor’s response due to its characteristic configuration.In addition,the one-step in situ microwave assisted process provides a promising and versatile choice for the preparation of gas sensing materials.
