Impact statement.Spindle-shaped viruses exclusively infect archaea.Fuselloviruses represent a large group of spindle-shaped viruses and infect hyperthermophilic archaea of the order Sulfolobales.Although the first fus...Impact statement.Spindle-shaped viruses exclusively infect archaea.Fuselloviruses represent a large group of spindle-shaped viruses and infect hyperthermophilic archaea of the order Sulfolobales.Although the first fusellovirus was identified nearly 40 years ago,the mechanism of host infection by these viruses remains poorly understood.Here,we show that SSV19,a fusellovirus isolated from a hot spring in the Philippines,is capable of hydrolyzing the host cell surface glycan identified as a heptasaccharide chain of QuiS_(1)Hex_(4)HexNAc_(2).Our findings provide significant insights into the molecular strategy of host recognition and,possibly,entry by an archaeal virus.展开更多
Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityh...Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityhinders further applications.Conversely,all-inorganic perovskites possessexcellent thermal stability,but black-phase all-inorganic perovskite filmusually requires high-temperature annealing steps,which increases energy consumptionand is not conducive to the fabrication of flexible wearable devices.In this work,an unprecedented low-temperature fabrication of stable blackphaseCsPbI3perovskite films is demonstrated by the in situ hydrolysis reactionof diphenylphosphinic chloride additive.The released diphenyl phosphateand chloride ions during the hydrolysis reaction significantly lower the phasetransition temperature and effectively passivate the defects in the perovskitefilms,yielding high-performance photodetectors with a responsivity of 42.1 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.3×10^(14)Jones.Furthermore,high-fidelity imageand photoplethysmography sensors are demonstrated based on the fabricated flexible wearable photodetectors.This work provides a newperspective for the low-temperature fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite flexible optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under h...Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under high-salinity conditions.Although recent advances in molecular engineering have concentrated on modifying polymer architecture and functional groups to address this issue,the complex interplay among polymer topology,charge distribution and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance renders rational molecular design challenging.In this work,we present an AI-driven inverse design framework that directly maps target viscosity performance back to optimal molecular structures.Guided by practical molecular design strategies,the topological features (grafting density,side-chain length) and functional group-related features(copolymerization ratio,hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) are encoded into a multidimensional design space.By integrating dissipative particle dynamics simulations with particle swarm algorithm,the framework efficiently explores the design space and identifies non-intuitive,high-performing polymer structure.The optimized polymer achieves a 12%enhancement in viscosity,attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic chain extension and hydrophobic aggregation.This study demonstrates the promise of AI-guided inverse design for developing next-generation EOR polymers and provides a generalizable approach for the discovery of functional soft materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients,and it is associated with an increased risk of complications.Early enteral nutrition with adequate caloric and protein intake is critical nevertheless it is...BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients,and it is associated with an increased risk of complications.Early enteral nutrition with adequate caloric and protein intake is critical nevertheless it is difficult to achieve.Peptide-based formulas have been shown to be beneficial in patients with feeding intolerance.However,there are limited studies showing the efficacy and safety of high-protein peptide-based formula in critically ill surgical patients.AIM To determine the effects of a high-protein peptide formulation on gastrointestinal tolerance,nutritional status,biochemical changes,and adverse events in patients in the surgery intensive care unit(SICU)compared to an isocaloric isonitrogenous standard polymeric formulation.METHODS This study was a multi-center double-blind,randomized controlled trial.We enrolled adult patients in the surgical intensive care unit,age≥15 years and expected to receive enteral feeding for at least 5-14 d post-operation.They were randomly assigned to receive either the high-protein peptide-based formula or the isocaloric isonitrogenous standard formula for 14 d.Gastric residual volume(GRV),nutritional status,body composition and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and on days 3,5,7,9,11,and 14.RESULTS A total of 19 patients were enrolled,9 patients in the peptide-based formula group and 10 patients in the standard formula group.During the study period,there were no differences of the average GRV,body weight,body composition,nutritional status and biochemical parameters in the patients receiving peptide-based formula,compared to the standard regimen.However,participants in the standard formula lost their body weight,body mass index(BMI)and skeletal muscle mass significantly.While body weight,BMI and muscle mass were maintained in the peptide-based formula,from baseline to day 14.Moreover,the participants in the peptide-based formula tended to reach their caloric target faster than the standard formula.CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the importance of early nutritional support in the SICU and showed the efficacy and safety of a high-protein,peptide-based formula in meeting caloric and protein intake targets while maintaining body weight and muscle mass.展开更多
Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion （Ce^IV） to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weig...Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion （Ce^IV） to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weights F1 （〉5 000）, F2 （1 000-5 000） and F3 （〈 1 000） by hydrolyzing Oligosaccharide collagen with sulfuric acid. It is found that the fucoidan oligosaccharide F3 can form complex with more Ce^IV than F1 and F2. Hydrolyzing collagen with the complex was carried out to produce amino acid and peptides. All the three fucoidan oligosaccharide complexes with CeIV（ F1, F2, F3） can catalyze by the artificial hydrolytic enzyme, and the activity of the complex of F3 is the highest.展开更多
Produced water from polymer flooding is difficult to treat due to its high polymer concentration,high viscosity,and emulsified characteristics.The dithiocarbamate flocculant,DTC(T403),was prepared by the amine-termina...Produced water from polymer flooding is difficult to treat due to its high polymer concentration,high viscosity,and emulsified characteristics.The dithiocarbamate flocculant,DTC(T403),was prepared by the amine-terminated polyoxypropane-effier compound known as Jeffamine-T403.The product was characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis.The DTC agent chelating with Fe2+produced a network polymer matrix,which captured and removed oil droplets efficiently.Oil removal by the flocculent on simulated produced water with 0,200,500,900 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)was investigated for aspects of effectiveness of DTC(T403)dosage and concentrations of HPAM and Fe2+ions in the wastewater.Results showed that HPAM had a negative influence on oil removal efficiency when DTC(T403)dosage was lower than 20 mg/L.However,residual oil concentrations in tested samples with different concentrations of HPAM all decreased below 10 mg/L when DTC(T403)dosage reached 30 mg/L.The concentration of Fe2+in the initial wastewater had a slight effect on oil removal at the range of 2-12 mg/L.Results showed that Fe3+could not be used in place of Fe2+as Fe3+could not react with DTC under flocculated conditions.The effects of mineral salts ions were also investigated.展开更多
Resins of complexes made from agarose-Ce4+ (RCA-Ce) and chitosan-Ce4+ (RCC-Ce) were prepared. Hydrolysis rates of methamidophos, omethoate and chlorpyrifos treated by RCA-Ce were 32.39%, 27. 12% and 46.62%, respective...Resins of complexes made from agarose-Ce4+ (RCA-Ce) and chitosan-Ce4+ (RCC-Ce) were prepared. Hydrolysis rates of methamidophos, omethoate and chlorpyrifos treated by RCA-Ce were 32.39%, 27. 12% and 46.62%, respectively, those of chlorpyrifos and methamidophos in mung bean sprout juice 38.28% and 35.45% , and that of chlorpyrifos in tea extract 59.76% . Hydrolysis rates of protein in tea extract treated by RCA-Ce increased by 86.46% . RCC-Ce could be employed in the apple juice production. The contents of methamidophos and parathion-methyl in the juice treated by RCC-Ce decreased 58.76% and 71.92% . Furthermore, RCC-Ce was used to clarification for beer by the ways of a column. RCC-Ce could hydrolyze sensitive protein and increase contents of free amino acid in the beer. Therefore, the beer treated by RCC-Ce could stay oxidation and aging procedure due to some metal ions being absorbed by RCC-Ce.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Hydrolyzed Seawater Pearl tablet(HSPT) could modulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cyclosporine A(Cs A) which can be used ...OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Hydrolyzed Seawater Pearl tablet(HSPT) could modulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cyclosporine A(Cs A) which can be used in the clinical treatment of Th2 to Th1 shift diseases, and explore the possible mechanism for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on recurrent respiratory infections(RRI) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into six groups of five animals each, namely normal group, model group, lentinan polysaccharide tablet(LPT) group and three HPST treated groups. HPST treated groups were administered with HPST(0.51,1.02, 2.04 g/kg) via intragastric gavage(i.g) for 30 consecutive days. LPT used as reference drug for positive control, LPT group was administered with LPT(8.2 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. Normal group and model group were received distilled water. The animals in model group, LPT group and HPST treated groups were injected intraperitoneally with Cs A(50 mg/kg) to establish the immunosuppressed mice model with Th1 to Th2 shift on the20 th, 22 nd and 24 th day, one hour after the administration of the respective treatment. Animals were sacrificed one hour after the last administration to collect blood and splenic tissue. The proportion of T cells including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th2 in peripheral blood of experimental mice were measured by flow cytometric. The protein level in serum and m RNA level in splenic tissue of experimental mice for interleukin(IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-γ(IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively.RESULTS: HSPT elevated the proportion of T cells including both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, in which the proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells increased, while the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells decreased in peripheral blood of the immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cs A. Furthermore,HSPT elevated both protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, while had no significant effect on protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokine IL-12 and Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 in mouse model.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HSPT can increase proportion of T cells including both CD8+and CD4+T cells and induce Th2 to Th1 shift in both cells and cytokines, which probably was the mechanism to account for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on RRI and AIDS.展开更多
To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace）...To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace） and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG （control group）, 30 g kg-1 HWG （3% HWG group）, 50 g kg-1 HWG （5% HWG group）, or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine （0.25% Gly-Gln group）. The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 （P〈0.05）, while the average daily gain （ADG） in each of two groups was increased （P〉0.05）. When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations （A：G） on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes （P〉0.05） on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A：G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0.05）, while the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3＋ （P〉0.05） and CD4＋ （P〈0.05） on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.展开更多
AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed i...AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed in sixty children(8-16 years) with functional bowel disorders,such as CAP or IBS,diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients underwent ultrasound,blood and stool examinations to rule out any organic disease.Patients were allocated to receive PHGG at dosage of 5 g/d(n = 30) or placebo(fruitjuice n = 30) for 4 wk.The evaluation of the efficacy of fiber supplement included IBS symptom severity score(Birmingham IBS Questionnaire),severity of abdominal pain(Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score) and bowel habit(Bristol Stool Scale).Symptom scores were completed at 2,4,and 8 wk.The change from baseline in the symptom severity scale at the end of treatment and at 4 wk follow-up after treatment was the primary endpoint.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate compliance to supplementation with the PHGG in the pediatric population.Differences within groups during the treatment period and follow-up were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS:The results of the study were assessed considering some variables,such as frequency and intensity of symptoms with modifications of the bowel habit.Both groups were balanced for baseline characteristics and all patients completed the study.Group A(PHGG group) presented a higher level of efficacy compared to group B(control group),(43% vs 5%,P = 0.025) in reducing clinical symptoms with modification of Birmingham IBS score(median 0 ± 1 vs 4 ± 1,P = 0.025),in intensity of CAP assessed with the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score and in normalization of bowel habit evaluated with the Bristol Stool Scale(40% vs 13.3%,P = 0.025).In IBS subgroups,statistical analysis shown a tendency toward normalization of bowel movements,but there was no difference in the prevalence of improvement in two bowel habit subsets.PHGG was therefore better tolerated without any adverse effects.CONCLUSION:Although the cause of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders is not known,the results show that complementary therapy with PHGG may have beneficial effects on symptom control.展开更多
BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modul...BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran.PHGG treatment did not affect fatty acid metabolism in the liver.However,it decreased lipopolysaccharide signaling through the gut-liver axis.In addition,it significantly increased the abundance of cecal Bacteroides and Clostridium subcluster XIVa.Treatment with PHGG markedly increased the levels of SCFAs,particularly,butyric acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,and formic acid,in the cecal samples.CONCLUSION PHGG partially prevented NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis by modulating microbiota and downstream SCFA profiles.展开更多
Mineralizable N and organic N components in different layers (0～15, 15～30,30～45, 45～60, 60～80 and 80～100 cm) of six soils with different fertilities sampled from YongshouCounty, Shaanxi Province, China, were det...Mineralizable N and organic N components in different layers (0～15, 15～30,30～45, 45～60, 60～80 and 80～100 cm) of six soils with different fertilities sampled from YongshouCounty, Shaanxi Province, China, were determined by the aerobic incubation method and the Bremnerprocedure, respectively. Correlation, multiple regression and path analyses were performed to studythe relation of mineralizable N to organic N components. Results of correlation and regressionanalyses showed that the amounts of the N mineralized were parallel to, and significantly correlatedwith, the total acid hydrolyzable N, but was not so with the acid-insoluble N. Of the hydrolyzableN, the amino acid N and the ammonia N had a highly consistent significant correlation with themineralized N, and their partial regression coefficients were significant in the regressionequations, showing their importance in contribution to the mineralizable N. The amino sugar N, onthe other hand, had a relatively high correlation with the mineralized N, but their partialregression coefficients were not significant in the regression equations. In contrast, thehydrolyzable unknown N had no such relations. Path analysis further indicated that the amino acid Nand ammonia N made great direct contributions to the mineralized N, but the contributions of theamino sugar N were very low. These strongly suggested that the mineralized N in the soils tested wasmainly from the hydrolyzable N, particularly the amino acid N and ammonia N which are the majorsources for its production.展开更多
AIM:To critically review and summarize the literature on nutritional and health outcomes of semi-elemental formulations on various nutritionally vulnerable patient populations who are unable to achieve adequate nutrit...AIM:To critically review and summarize the literature on nutritional and health outcomes of semi-elemental formulations on various nutritionally vulnerable patient populations who are unable to achieve adequate nutrition from standard oral diets.METHODS:We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Pubmed and Embase databases.We manually screened articles that examined nutritional and health outcomes(e.g.,growth,disease activity,gastrointestinal impairment,mortality,and economic impact)among various patient groups receiving semi-elemental diets.This review focused on full-text articles of randomized controlled clinical trials and other intervention studies,but pertinent abstracts and case studies were also included.Results pertaining primarily to tolerance,digestion,and absorption were summarized for each patient population in this systematic review.RESULTS:Results pertaining primarily to tolerance,digestion,and absorption were summarized for each patient population.The efficacy of semi-elemental whey hydrolyzed protein(WHP)diet have been reported in various nutritionally high risk patient populations including-Crohn’s disease,short bowel syndrome,acute and chronic pancreatitis,cerebral palsy,cystic fibrosis,cerebrovascular accidents,human immunodeficiency virus,critically ill,and geriatrics.Collectively,the evidence from the medical literature indicates that feeding with a semi-elemental diet performs as well or better than parenteral or amino acid based diets in terms of toler-ance,digestion,and nutrient assimilation measures across various disease conditions.CONCLUSION:Based on this comprehensive review of the literature,patient populations who have difficulty digesting or absorbing standard diets may be able to achieve improved health and nutritional outcomes through the use of semi-elemental WHP diets.展开更多
The rheological properties of salt-tolerant partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions with molecular of 2.5×107 g/mol at different concentrations were measured in steady-state shear flow mode by Haake Rh...The rheological properties of salt-tolerant partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions with molecular of 2.5×107 g/mol at different concentrations were measured in steady-state shear flow mode by Haake Rheostress 150 rheometer.Three constitutive equations(Oldroyd four constant model,Guesekus model and FENE-P model) were used for describing the apparent viscosity and first normal stress difference.The apparent viscosity of salt-tolerant HPAM solutions appears a first Newtonian zone when the shear rate is approximately lower than 0.2 s-1.At high shear rate,the HPAM solutions show shear-thinning and elasticity.The results show that the FENE-P model has the best agreement between theoretical and experimental data within the available shear rate range.The material parameters are useful for numerical analysis of polymer solution flow fields.展开更多
In this study,waste cotton fabric was used as cellulose raw material and pretreated in aqueous NaOH/urea solution system to investigate the effect of NaOH/urea pretreatment solution on the hydrolysis of cotton fiber.T...In this study,waste cotton fabric was used as cellulose raw material and pretreated in aqueous NaOH/urea solution system to investigate the effect of NaOH/urea pretreatment solution on the hydrolysis of cotton fiber.The cotton fiber was pretreated with different conditions of aqueous NaOH/urea solution,and the pretreated cotton fiber was hydrolyzed under the same conditions as the original cotton fiber.The results of characterization analysis showed that water retention value of pretreated cotton fiber was higher than that of unpretreated sample.Moreover,the cotton fiber presented both a convoluted structure and a coarser surface,XRD results suggested that the crystallinity degree of cellulose decreased dramatically,more cellulose II appeared,and the hydrogen bond is broken.Among the different pretreatment conditions,the pretreatment effect was the best when the reaction temperature was 0°C,the solid-liquid ratio was 2:50,and the NaOH/urea ratio was 7:12.The hydrolysis experiments of pretreated and unpretreated cotton fibers showed that when the hydrothermal temperature was 230°C,the heat preservation was 2 h,and the hydrochloric acid concentration was 5 wt.%,the glucose yield reached 29.99%.H+could catalyze the hydrolysis of cotton fiber more effectively due to damage to crystal structure and hydrogen bonds.展开更多
The effect of salt solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaCl2) on the conformational properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) was investigated by using static laser light scattering(SLLS).The special interaction b...The effect of salt solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaCl2) on the conformational properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) was investigated by using static laser light scattering(SLLS).The special interaction between CaCl2 solution and HPAM was also researched.Experimental results show that the chain structure of HPAM is interrelated with the charge density,the kind and the concentration of salt solutions.The mean-square radius of gyration(Rz) and the second virial coefficient(A2) of HPAM decrease with increasing concentration of salt solutions,and the salt effect tends towards the maximum when the concentration of salt solution is increased to some amount.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the impact of plant growth regulators including kinetin(KN),benzyl adenine and naphthalene acetic acid, yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate on biomass accumulation of Vietnamese ginseng Panax v...Objective: To evaluate the impact of plant growth regulators including kinetin(KN),benzyl adenine and naphthalene acetic acid, yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate on biomass accumulation of Vietnamese ginseng Panax vietnamensis(P. vietnamensis) in cell suspension culture.Methods: Cell suspension cultures were established from friable calluses derived from leaves and petioles of 3-year-old in-vitro P. vietnamensis plants. The cell suspension cultures were grown in Murashige and Skoog basal media supplemented with various concentrations of KN, benzyl adenine, naphthalene acetic acid, and yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate.Results: All tested factors generated an increase in the cell biomass of P. vietnamensis in suspension culture, but the impact of each varies depended on the factor type, concentration, and incubation period. Addition of 2.0 mg/L KN resulted in the largest biomass increase after 24 d,(57.0 ± 0.9) and(3.1 ± 0.1) mg/m L fresh and dry weight, respectively,whereas addition of benzyl adenine or naphthalene acetic acid produced optimum levels of Panax cell biomass at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Addition of the elicitor yeast extract led to a 1.4–2.4 fold increase in biomass of P. vietnamensis, while addition of casein hydrolyzate enhanced biomass accumulation 1.8–2.6 fold.Conclusions: The addition of each factor causes significant changes in biomass accumulation of P. vietnamensis. The largest biomass accumulation is from cultures grown in MS media containing 2.0 mg/L KN for 24 d. The outcome of the present study provides new insights into the optimal suspension culture conditions for studies on the in vitro cell biomass production of P. vietnamensis.展开更多
Hydrolysis activities of PACC (particle of agarose-Ce4+ complex, newly made through double emulsification) forcompounds containing phosphodiester or peptide bonds were studied. The results showed that PACC could hydro...Hydrolysis activities of PACC (particle of agarose-Ce4+ complex, newly made through double emulsification) forcompounds containing phosphodiester or peptide bonds were studied. The results showed that PACC could hydrolyzeorganophosphorous pesticides not only in water but also in vegetable juice or tea extract. Hydrolysis rates of methamidophos,omethoate and chlorpyrifos in water are 32.39%, 27.12% and 46.62% respectively, those of chlorpyrifos and methami-dophos in mung sprout juice 38.28% and 35.45% respectively, and that of chlorpyrifos in tea extract 59.76%. Hydrolysisrates of BSA (bovine serum albumin) in water and protein in tea extract by PACC increase by 54.30% and 86.46% respec-tively as compared with the control.展开更多
Phytochemical studies on MeOH extract of stems of Euphorbia griffithii led to the isolation of one new hydrolyzable tannin dimer,corilagiffithiin(1)and one new galloyl-glucoside(2),alongside six known ones(3-8).Their ...Phytochemical studies on MeOH extract of stems of Euphorbia griffithii led to the isolation of one new hydrolyzable tannin dimer,corilagiffithiin(1)and one new galloyl-glucoside(2),alongside six known ones(3-8).Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by in depth spectroscopic analyses and comparison of their 1D NMR and MS data with literature reported values.Configurations of sugar moieties were determined by acidic hydrolysis and subsequent GC analysis of their corresponding trimethylsilylated l-cysteine adduct.At a concentration of 50μM,compounds 1-3 showed no anti-inflammatory activities.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92351001,31970170,and 31661143033)PI Project of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML20240002).
文摘Impact statement.Spindle-shaped viruses exclusively infect archaea.Fuselloviruses represent a large group of spindle-shaped viruses and infect hyperthermophilic archaea of the order Sulfolobales.Although the first fusellovirus was identified nearly 40 years ago,the mechanism of host infection by these viruses remains poorly understood.Here,we show that SSV19,a fusellovirus isolated from a hot spring in the Philippines,is capable of hydrolyzing the host cell surface glycan identified as a heptasaccharide chain of QuiS_(1)Hex_(4)HexNAc_(2).Our findings provide significant insights into the molecular strategy of host recognition and,possibly,entry by an archaeal virus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52303257,52321006,T2394480,and T2394484)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFE0111500)+3 种基金Key Research&Development and Promotion of Special Project(Scientific Problem Tackling)of Henan Province(242102211090)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0300,and 2023M743171)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20230666)College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Zhengzhou University(202410459200)。
文摘Flexible wearable optoelectronic devices fabricated fromorganic–inorganic hybrid perovskites significantly accelerate the developmentof portable energy,biomedicine,and sensing fields,but their poor thermal stabilityhinders further applications.Conversely,all-inorganic perovskites possessexcellent thermal stability,but black-phase all-inorganic perovskite filmusually requires high-temperature annealing steps,which increases energy consumptionand is not conducive to the fabrication of flexible wearable devices.In this work,an unprecedented low-temperature fabrication of stable blackphaseCsPbI3perovskite films is demonstrated by the in situ hydrolysis reactionof diphenylphosphinic chloride additive.The released diphenyl phosphateand chloride ions during the hydrolysis reaction significantly lower the phasetransition temperature and effectively passivate the defects in the perovskitefilms,yielding high-performance photodetectors with a responsivity of 42.1 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.3×10^(14)Jones.Furthermore,high-fidelity imageand photoplethysmography sensors are demonstrated based on the fabricated flexible wearable photodetectors.This work provides a newperspective for the low-temperature fabrication of large-area all-inorganic perovskite flexible optoelectronic devices.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China National Offshore Oil Corporation(No.KJGG2021-0504).
文摘Polymer flooding is a widely used technique in enhanced oil recovery (EOR),but its effectiveness is often hindered by the poor viscosity retention of conventional polymers like hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) under high-salinity conditions.Although recent advances in molecular engineering have concentrated on modifying polymer architecture and functional groups to address this issue,the complex interplay among polymer topology,charge distribution and hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance renders rational molecular design challenging.In this work,we present an AI-driven inverse design framework that directly maps target viscosity performance back to optimal molecular structures.Guided by practical molecular design strategies,the topological features (grafting density,side-chain length) and functional group-related features(copolymerization ratio,hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance) are encoded into a multidimensional design space.By integrating dissipative particle dynamics simulations with particle swarm algorithm,the framework efficiently explores the design space and identifies non-intuitive,high-performing polymer structure.The optimized polymer achieves a 12%enhancement in viscosity,attributed to the synergistic effect of electrostatic chain extension and hydrophobic aggregation.This study demonstrates the promise of AI-guided inverse design for developing next-generation EOR polymers and provides a generalizable approach for the discovery of functional soft materials.
文摘BACKGROUND Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients,and it is associated with an increased risk of complications.Early enteral nutrition with adequate caloric and protein intake is critical nevertheless it is difficult to achieve.Peptide-based formulas have been shown to be beneficial in patients with feeding intolerance.However,there are limited studies showing the efficacy and safety of high-protein peptide-based formula in critically ill surgical patients.AIM To determine the effects of a high-protein peptide formulation on gastrointestinal tolerance,nutritional status,biochemical changes,and adverse events in patients in the surgery intensive care unit(SICU)compared to an isocaloric isonitrogenous standard polymeric formulation.METHODS This study was a multi-center double-blind,randomized controlled trial.We enrolled adult patients in the surgical intensive care unit,age≥15 years and expected to receive enteral feeding for at least 5-14 d post-operation.They were randomly assigned to receive either the high-protein peptide-based formula or the isocaloric isonitrogenous standard formula for 14 d.Gastric residual volume(GRV),nutritional status,body composition and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline and on days 3,5,7,9,11,and 14.RESULTS A total of 19 patients were enrolled,9 patients in the peptide-based formula group and 10 patients in the standard formula group.During the study period,there were no differences of the average GRV,body weight,body composition,nutritional status and biochemical parameters in the patients receiving peptide-based formula,compared to the standard regimen.However,participants in the standard formula lost their body weight,body mass index(BMI)and skeletal muscle mass significantly.While body weight,BMI and muscle mass were maintained in the peptide-based formula,from baseline to day 14.Moreover,the participants in the peptide-based formula tended to reach their caloric target faster than the standard formula.CONCLUSION The study emphasizes the importance of early nutritional support in the SICU and showed the efficacy and safety of a high-protein,peptide-based formula in meeting caloric and protein intake targets while maintaining body weight and muscle mass.
基金This study was supported by the project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned 0verseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(SRF for R0CS,SEM)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(No.2004BS07003)a similar Science Foundation of Qingdao(No.04-2-JZ-110).
文摘Fucoidan is such a polysaccharide that its hydroxies are easy to combine with lanthanons ion （Ce^IV） to form complex. This work obtained the complexes of three fucoidan oligosaccharides with different molecular weights F1 （〉5 000）, F2 （1 000-5 000） and F3 （〈 1 000） by hydrolyzing Oligosaccharide collagen with sulfuric acid. It is found that the fucoidan oligosaccharide F3 can form complex with more Ce^IV than F1 and F2. Hydrolyzing collagen with the complex was carried out to produce amino acid and peptides. All the three fucoidan oligosaccharide complexes with CeIV（ F1, F2, F3） can catalyze by the artificial hydrolytic enzyme, and the activity of the complex of F3 is the highest.
基金supported by the Scientific Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(No. 2009GG10006003)
文摘Produced water from polymer flooding is difficult to treat due to its high polymer concentration,high viscosity,and emulsified characteristics.The dithiocarbamate flocculant,DTC(T403),was prepared by the amine-terminated polyoxypropane-effier compound known as Jeffamine-T403.The product was characterized by IR spectra and elemental analysis.The DTC agent chelating with Fe2+produced a network polymer matrix,which captured and removed oil droplets efficiently.Oil removal by the flocculent on simulated produced water with 0,200,500,900 mg/L of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)was investigated for aspects of effectiveness of DTC(T403)dosage and concentrations of HPAM and Fe2+ions in the wastewater.Results showed that HPAM had a negative influence on oil removal efficiency when DTC(T403)dosage was lower than 20 mg/L.However,residual oil concentrations in tested samples with different concentrations of HPAM all decreased below 10 mg/L when DTC(T403)dosage reached 30 mg/L.The concentration of Fe2+in the initial wastewater had a slight effect on oil removal at the range of 2-12 mg/L.Results showed that Fe3+could not be used in place of Fe2+as Fe3+could not react with DTC under flocculated conditions.The effects of mineral salts ions were also investigated.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (Z2004D05) the Research and Development Project Fund of Qingdao (05-2-NS-21)
文摘Resins of complexes made from agarose-Ce4+ (RCA-Ce) and chitosan-Ce4+ (RCC-Ce) were prepared. Hydrolysis rates of methamidophos, omethoate and chlorpyrifos treated by RCA-Ce were 32.39%, 27. 12% and 46.62%, respectively, those of chlorpyrifos and methamidophos in mung bean sprout juice 38.28% and 35.45% , and that of chlorpyrifos in tea extract 59.76% . Hydrolysis rates of protein in tea extract treated by RCA-Ce increased by 86.46% . RCC-Ce could be employed in the apple juice production. The contents of methamidophos and parathion-methyl in the juice treated by RCC-Ce decreased 58.76% and 71.92% . Furthermore, RCC-Ce was used to clarification for beer by the ways of a column. RCC-Ce could hydrolyze sensitive protein and increase contents of free amino acid in the beer. Therefore, the beer treated by RCC-Ce could stay oxidation and aging procedure due to some metal ions being absorbed by RCC-Ce.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (2017GXNSFAA198329)the Science and Technology Base and Talent Specialization of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (AD17195080)+4 种基金the Guangxi Specialist Posts of "Beibu Gulf Marine Medicine Research and Development"(J13160)the National Industrial Chain Coordination Innovation Project of Marine Economy Innovation and the Development Model City (Beihai City)(Bhsfs002)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine (B170019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81903919)the Doctoral Research Start-up Fund Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine (2017BS014)。
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether Hydrolyzed Seawater Pearl tablet(HSPT) could modulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance in an immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cyclosporine A(Cs A) which can be used in the clinical treatment of Th2 to Th1 shift diseases, and explore the possible mechanism for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on recurrent respiratory infections(RRI) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).METHODS: The mice were randomly divided into six groups of five animals each, namely normal group, model group, lentinan polysaccharide tablet(LPT) group and three HPST treated groups. HPST treated groups were administered with HPST(0.51,1.02, 2.04 g/kg) via intragastric gavage(i.g) for 30 consecutive days. LPT used as reference drug for positive control, LPT group was administered with LPT(8.2 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days. Normal group and model group were received distilled water. The animals in model group, LPT group and HPST treated groups were injected intraperitoneally with Cs A(50 mg/kg) to establish the immunosuppressed mice model with Th1 to Th2 shift on the20 th, 22 nd and 24 th day, one hour after the administration of the respective treatment. Animals were sacrificed one hour after the last administration to collect blood and splenic tissue. The proportion of T cells including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, Th1 and Th2 in peripheral blood of experimental mice were measured by flow cytometric. The protein level in serum and m RNA level in splenic tissue of experimental mice for interleukin(IL)-2, IL-12, interferon-γ(IFN-γ), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction respectively.RESULTS: HSPT elevated the proportion of T cells including both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, in which the proportion of Th1 and Th2 cells increased, while the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells decreased in peripheral blood of the immunosuppressed mouse model with Th1 to Th2 shift induced by Cs A. Furthermore,HSPT elevated both protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ, while had no significant effect on protein and m RNA level of Th1-type cytokine IL-12 and Th2-type cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 in mouse model.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that HSPT can increase proportion of T cells including both CD8+and CD4+T cells and induce Th2 to Th1 shift in both cells and cytokines, which probably was the mechanism to account for the adjuvant therapeutic efficacy of HSPT on RRI and AIDS.
基金supported by the Major Special Project of Guangdong Province, China (2009A080303009)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry of China (Agriculture, 201003011)+2 种基金the National 948 Project of China (2011-G35)the National Major Science Research Program of China (2009CB941601)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0731004)
文摘To investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with hydrolyzed wheat gluten （HWG） on growth performance, cell immunity and serum biochemical indices of weaned piglets, 160 crossed （Large White×andrace） and weaned piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 4 replicates of 10 piglets each. The piglets in each treatment were fed an experimental diet containing either 0 g kg-1 HWG （control group）, 30 g kg-1 HWG （3% HWG group）, 50 g kg-1 HWG （5% HWG group）, or 2.5 g kg-1 glycyl-L-glutamine （0.25% Gly-Gln group）. The results showed that the diarrhea rates in 3% HWG and 5% HWG groups were significantly lower than in control group from d 1 to 14 （P〈0.05）, while the average daily gain （ADG） in each of two groups was increased （P〉0.05）. When compared with control group, dietary supplementation with 3% HWG increased the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ and the ratio of serum albumin and globulin concentrations （A：G） on d 14 and 28, as well as the proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes （P〉0.05） on d 28. In addition, on d 14 and 28, the A：G ratio in 5% HWG group was significantly higher than in control group （P〈0.05）, while the ratio of CD4＋：CD8＋ increased slightly （P〉0.05）. Interestingly, 0.25% Gly-Gln group had higher proportion of CD3＋ （P〉0.05） and CD4＋ （P〈0.05） on d 14 than control group, but growth performances of 0.25% Gly-Gln group were negatively affected at all experiment stages. These results suggested that HWG might improve the growth performance of piglets by strengthening cell immunity and decreasing the occurrence of diarrhea during the prophase after weaning.
文摘AIM:To assess the effects of partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG) diet supplement in pediatric chronic abdominal pain(CAP) and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS).METHODS:A randomized,double-blind pilot study was performed in sixty children(8-16 years) with functional bowel disorders,such as CAP or IBS,diagnosed according to Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients underwent ultrasound,blood and stool examinations to rule out any organic disease.Patients were allocated to receive PHGG at dosage of 5 g/d(n = 30) or placebo(fruitjuice n = 30) for 4 wk.The evaluation of the efficacy of fiber supplement included IBS symptom severity score(Birmingham IBS Questionnaire),severity of abdominal pain(Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score) and bowel habit(Bristol Stool Scale).Symptom scores were completed at 2,4,and 8 wk.The change from baseline in the symptom severity scale at the end of treatment and at 4 wk follow-up after treatment was the primary endpoint.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate compliance to supplementation with the PHGG in the pediatric population.Differences within groups during the treatment period and follow-up were evaluated by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.RESULTS:The results of the study were assessed considering some variables,such as frequency and intensity of symptoms with modifications of the bowel habit.Both groups were balanced for baseline characteristics and all patients completed the study.Group A(PHGG group) presented a higher level of efficacy compared to group B(control group),(43% vs 5%,P = 0.025) in reducing clinical symptoms with modification of Birmingham IBS score(median 0 ± 1 vs 4 ± 1,P = 0.025),in intensity of CAP assessed with the Wong-Baker Face Pain Rating Score and in normalization of bowel habit evaluated with the Bristol Stool Scale(40% vs 13.3%,P = 0.025).In IBS subgroups,statistical analysis shown a tendency toward normalization of bowel movements,but there was no difference in the prevalence of improvement in two bowel habit subsets.PHGG was therefore better tolerated without any adverse effects.CONCLUSION:Although the cause of pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders is not known,the results show that complementary therapy with PHGG may have beneficial effects on symptom control.
基金Scientific Research(KAKENHI)(C),No.25460958Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,No.20K11513and Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through target driven R&D from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
文摘BACKGROUND The gut-liver axis has attracted much interest in the context of chronic liver disease pathogenesis.Prebiotics such as dietary fibers were shown to attenuate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)by modulating gut microbiota.Partially hydrolyzed guar gum(PHGG),a water-soluble dietary fiber,has been reported to alleviate the symptoms of various intestinal diseases and metabolic syndromes.However,its effects on NAFLD remain to be fully elucidated.To determine whether treatment with PHGG attenuates NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis.METHODS Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice with increased intestinal permeability were fed a control or atherogenic(Ath)diet(a mouse model of NAFLD)for 8 wk,with or without 5%PHGG.Increased intestinal permeability was induced through chronic intermittent administration of low-dose dextran sulfate sodium.Body weight,liver weight,macroscopic findings in the liver,blood biochemistry[aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT),total cholesterol,triglyceride,free fatty acids,and glucose levels],liver histology,myeloperoxidase activity in liver tissue,mRNA expression in the liver and intestine,serum endotoxin levels in the portal vein,intestinal permeability,and microbiota and short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)profiles in the cecal samples were investigated.RESULTS Mice with increased intestinal permeability subjected to the Ath diet showed significantly increased serum AST and ALT levels,liver fat accumulation,liver inflammatory(tumor necrosis factor-αand monocyte chemotactic protein-1)and fibrogenic(collagen 1a1 andαsmooth muscle actin)marker levels,and liver myeloperoxidase activity,which were significantly attenuated by PHGG treatment.Furthermore,the Ath diet combined with increased intestinal permeability resulted in elevated portal endotoxin levels and activated toll-like receptor(TLR)4 and TLR9 expression,confirming that intestinal permeability was significantly elevated,as observed by evaluating the lumen-to-blood clearance of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran.PHGG treatment did not affect fatty acid metabolism in the liver.However,it decreased lipopolysaccharide signaling through the gut-liver axis.In addition,it significantly increased the abundance of cecal Bacteroides and Clostridium subcluster XIVa.Treatment with PHGG markedly increased the levels of SCFAs,particularly,butyric acid,acetic acid,propionic acid,and formic acid,in the cecal samples.CONCLUSION PHGG partially prevented NAFLD development in mice through the gut-liver axis by modulating microbiota and downstream SCFA profiles.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Support Foundation(NKBRSF)(No.G1999011707)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NFSC)(Nos.49890330,30230230 and 30070429).
文摘Mineralizable N and organic N components in different layers (0～15, 15～30,30～45, 45～60, 60～80 and 80～100 cm) of six soils with different fertilities sampled from YongshouCounty, Shaanxi Province, China, were determined by the aerobic incubation method and the Bremnerprocedure, respectively. Correlation, multiple regression and path analyses were performed to studythe relation of mineralizable N to organic N components. Results of correlation and regressionanalyses showed that the amounts of the N mineralized were parallel to, and significantly correlatedwith, the total acid hydrolyzable N, but was not so with the acid-insoluble N. Of the hydrolyzableN, the amino acid N and the ammonia N had a highly consistent significant correlation with themineralized N, and their partial regression coefficients were significant in the regressionequations, showing their importance in contribution to the mineralizable N. The amino sugar N, onthe other hand, had a relatively high correlation with the mineralized N, but their partialregression coefficients were not significant in the regression equations. In contrast, thehydrolyzable unknown N had no such relations. Path analysis further indicated that the amino acid Nand ammonia N made great direct contributions to the mineralized N, but the contributions of theamino sugar N were very low. These strongly suggested that the mineralized N in the soils tested wasmainly from the hydrolyzable N, particularly the amino acid N and ammonia N which are the majorsources for its production.
文摘AIM:To critically review and summarize the literature on nutritional and health outcomes of semi-elemental formulations on various nutritionally vulnerable patient populations who are unable to achieve adequate nutrition from standard oral diets.METHODS:We conducted a comprehensive literature search of Pubmed and Embase databases.We manually screened articles that examined nutritional and health outcomes(e.g.,growth,disease activity,gastrointestinal impairment,mortality,and economic impact)among various patient groups receiving semi-elemental diets.This review focused on full-text articles of randomized controlled clinical trials and other intervention studies,but pertinent abstracts and case studies were also included.Results pertaining primarily to tolerance,digestion,and absorption were summarized for each patient population in this systematic review.RESULTS:Results pertaining primarily to tolerance,digestion,and absorption were summarized for each patient population.The efficacy of semi-elemental whey hydrolyzed protein(WHP)diet have been reported in various nutritionally high risk patient populations including-Crohn’s disease,short bowel syndrome,acute and chronic pancreatitis,cerebral palsy,cystic fibrosis,cerebrovascular accidents,human immunodeficiency virus,critically ill,and geriatrics.Collectively,the evidence from the medical literature indicates that feeding with a semi-elemental diet performs as well or better than parenteral or amino acid based diets in terms of toler-ance,digestion,and nutrient assimilation measures across various disease conditions.CONCLUSION:Based on this comprehensive review of the literature,patient populations who have difficulty digesting or absorbing standard diets may be able to achieve improved health and nutritional outcomes through the use of semi-elemental WHP diets.
基金Project(07JCZDJC02600) supported by the Natural Science Foundation ofTianjin,China
文摘The rheological properties of salt-tolerant partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM)solutions with molecular of 2.5×107 g/mol at different concentrations were measured in steady-state shear flow mode by Haake Rheostress 150 rheometer.Three constitutive equations(Oldroyd four constant model,Guesekus model and FENE-P model) were used for describing the apparent viscosity and first normal stress difference.The apparent viscosity of salt-tolerant HPAM solutions appears a first Newtonian zone when the shear rate is approximately lower than 0.2 s-1.At high shear rate,the HPAM solutions show shear-thinning and elasticity.The results show that the FENE-P model has the best agreement between theoretical and experimental data within the available shear rate range.The material parameters are useful for numerical analysis of polymer solution flow fields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Nos.51703153 and 21802101].
文摘In this study,waste cotton fabric was used as cellulose raw material and pretreated in aqueous NaOH/urea solution system to investigate the effect of NaOH/urea pretreatment solution on the hydrolysis of cotton fiber.The cotton fiber was pretreated with different conditions of aqueous NaOH/urea solution,and the pretreated cotton fiber was hydrolyzed under the same conditions as the original cotton fiber.The results of characterization analysis showed that water retention value of pretreated cotton fiber was higher than that of unpretreated sample.Moreover,the cotton fiber presented both a convoluted structure and a coarser surface,XRD results suggested that the crystallinity degree of cellulose decreased dramatically,more cellulose II appeared,and the hydrogen bond is broken.Among the different pretreatment conditions,the pretreatment effect was the best when the reaction temperature was 0°C,the solid-liquid ratio was 2:50,and the NaOH/urea ratio was 7:12.The hydrolysis experiments of pretreated and unpretreated cotton fibers showed that when the hydrothermal temperature was 230°C,the heat preservation was 2 h,and the hydrochloric acid concentration was 5 wt.%,the glucose yield reached 29.99%.H+could catalyze the hydrolysis of cotton fiber more effectively due to damage to crystal structure and hydrogen bonds.
基金Project(50673033) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effect of salt solutions(NaCl,Na2SO4 and CaCl2) on the conformational properties of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(HPAM) was investigated by using static laser light scattering(SLLS).The special interaction between CaCl2 solution and HPAM was also researched.Experimental results show that the chain structure of HPAM is interrelated with the charge density,the kind and the concentration of salt solutions.The mean-square radius of gyration(Rz) and the second virial coefficient(A2) of HPAM decrease with increasing concentration of salt solutions,and the salt effect tends towards the maximum when the concentration of salt solution is increased to some amount.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology,Vietnam for financial support
文摘Objective: To evaluate the impact of plant growth regulators including kinetin(KN),benzyl adenine and naphthalene acetic acid, yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate on biomass accumulation of Vietnamese ginseng Panax vietnamensis(P. vietnamensis) in cell suspension culture.Methods: Cell suspension cultures were established from friable calluses derived from leaves and petioles of 3-year-old in-vitro P. vietnamensis plants. The cell suspension cultures were grown in Murashige and Skoog basal media supplemented with various concentrations of KN, benzyl adenine, naphthalene acetic acid, and yeast extract and casein hydrolyzate.Results: All tested factors generated an increase in the cell biomass of P. vietnamensis in suspension culture, but the impact of each varies depended on the factor type, concentration, and incubation period. Addition of 2.0 mg/L KN resulted in the largest biomass increase after 24 d,(57.0 ± 0.9) and(3.1 ± 0.1) mg/m L fresh and dry weight, respectively,whereas addition of benzyl adenine or naphthalene acetic acid produced optimum levels of Panax cell biomass at 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Addition of the elicitor yeast extract led to a 1.4–2.4 fold increase in biomass of P. vietnamensis, while addition of casein hydrolyzate enhanced biomass accumulation 1.8–2.6 fold.Conclusions: The addition of each factor causes significant changes in biomass accumulation of P. vietnamensis. The largest biomass accumulation is from cultures grown in MS media containing 2.0 mg/L KN for 24 d. The outcome of the present study provides new insights into the optimal suspension culture conditions for studies on the in vitro cell biomass production of P. vietnamensis.
基金supported by the R and D Project Fund of Qingdao(03-2-HH-3)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong(Z 2004D05)
文摘Hydrolysis activities of PACC (particle of agarose-Ce4+ complex, newly made through double emulsification) forcompounds containing phosphodiester or peptide bonds were studied. The results showed that PACC could hydrolyzeorganophosphorous pesticides not only in water but also in vegetable juice or tea extract. Hydrolysis rates of methamidophos,omethoate and chlorpyrifos in water are 32.39%, 27.12% and 46.62% respectively, those of chlorpyrifos and methami-dophos in mung sprout juice 38.28% and 35.45% respectively, and that of chlorpyrifos in tea extract 59.76%. Hydrolysisrates of BSA (bovine serum albumin) in water and protein in tea extract by PACC increase by 54.30% and 86.46% respec-tively as compared with the control.
基金The authors appreciate the members of the analytical group at the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, for measuring the spectroscopic data. This work was partially supported by Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry (S2017-ZZ14).
文摘Phytochemical studies on MeOH extract of stems of Euphorbia griffithii led to the isolation of one new hydrolyzable tannin dimer,corilagiffithiin(1)and one new galloyl-glucoside(2),alongside six known ones(3-8).Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by in depth spectroscopic analyses and comparison of their 1D NMR and MS data with literature reported values.Configurations of sugar moieties were determined by acidic hydrolysis and subsequent GC analysis of their corresponding trimethylsilylated l-cysteine adduct.At a concentration of 50μM,compounds 1-3 showed no anti-inflammatory activities.
