Hydrological monitoring and seasonal forecasting is an active research field because of its potential applications in hydrological risk assessment,preparedness and mitigation.In recent decades,developments in ground a...Hydrological monitoring and seasonal forecasting is an active research field because of its potential applications in hydrological risk assessment,preparedness and mitigation.In recent decades,developments in ground and satellite measurements have made the hydrometeorological information readily available,and advances in information technology have facilitated the data analysis in a real-time manner.New progress in climate research and modeling has enabled the prediction of seasonal climate with reasonable accuracy and increased resolution.These emerging techniques and advances have enabled more timely acquisition of accurate hydrological fluxes and status,and earlier warning of extreme hydrological events such as droughts and floods.This paper gives current state-of-the-art understanding of the uncertainties in hydrological monitoring and forecasting,reviews the efforts and progress in operational hydrological monitoring system assisted by observations from various sources and experimental seasonal hydrological forecasting,and briefly introduces the current monitoring and forecasting practices in China.The grand challenges and perspectives for the near future are also discussed,including acquiring and extracting reliable information for monitoring and forecasting,predicting realistic hydrological fluxes and states in the river basin being significantly altered by human activity,and filling the gap between numerical models and the end user.We highlight the importance of understanding the needs of the operational water management and the priority to transfer research knowledge to decision-makers.展开更多
Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work.With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection,people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection,and ac...Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work.With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection,people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection,and actively carried out the development,utilization and protection of water resources,which can reduce waste while improving the efficiency of water resources.In recent years,the overall scale of global water resources has declined,which also has a certain impact on the sustainable development of social economy.After water resources monitoring,we can fully understand the distribution of water resources,water quality and other aspects,so that we can timely understand the problems and effectively control them.In order to better ensure the effect of hydrological and water resources monitoring,we should fully understand the actual situation of water environment,adopt reasonable hydrological and water resources monitoring technology and equipment,and establish a hydrological and water resources monitoring system,so as to ensure that hydrological and water resources monitoring can be carried out smoothly,improve the efficiency of water resources utilization,and better promote the development of water resources development.展开更多
In the 21st century, the rapid development of global science and technology has directly promoted the popularization of information technology. All walks of life pay more and more attention to the application of infor...In the 21st century, the rapid development of global science and technology has directly promoted the popularization of information technology. All walks of life pay more and more attention to the application of information technology, and deeply understand and actively welcome the arrival of the information age. GPS technology is one of the advanced science and technology in the world, which consists of space part (GPS satellite), ground monitoring part and user part, and can provide users with high-efficiency and high-precision (up to millimeter level) rapid measurement service. In recent years, this technology has been widely used in hydrology and water resources monitoring. It can realize real-time monitoring of hydrology and water resources, and greatly shorten the surveying and mapping cycle of underwater topography, and plays a key role in hydrology and water resources monitoring. This paper mainly studies the basic principle and application advantages of GPS technology, discusses the specific application of GPS technology in hydrology and water resources monitoring, and provides reference for people to apply GPS technology to hydrology and water resources monitoring.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41425002National Basic Research Program of China,No.2012CB955403+2 种基金National Youth Topnotch Talent Support Program in ChinaChina Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest(Major projects),No.GYHY201506001-7The Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project,No.Z141100003614052
文摘Hydrological monitoring and seasonal forecasting is an active research field because of its potential applications in hydrological risk assessment,preparedness and mitigation.In recent decades,developments in ground and satellite measurements have made the hydrometeorological information readily available,and advances in information technology have facilitated the data analysis in a real-time manner.New progress in climate research and modeling has enabled the prediction of seasonal climate with reasonable accuracy and increased resolution.These emerging techniques and advances have enabled more timely acquisition of accurate hydrological fluxes and status,and earlier warning of extreme hydrological events such as droughts and floods.This paper gives current state-of-the-art understanding of the uncertainties in hydrological monitoring and forecasting,reviews the efforts and progress in operational hydrological monitoring system assisted by observations from various sources and experimental seasonal hydrological forecasting,and briefly introduces the current monitoring and forecasting practices in China.The grand challenges and perspectives for the near future are also discussed,including acquiring and extracting reliable information for monitoring and forecasting,predicting realistic hydrological fluxes and states in the river basin being significantly altered by human activity,and filling the gap between numerical models and the end user.We highlight the importance of understanding the needs of the operational water management and the priority to transfer research knowledge to decision-makers.
文摘Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work.With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection,people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection,and actively carried out the development,utilization and protection of water resources,which can reduce waste while improving the efficiency of water resources.In recent years,the overall scale of global water resources has declined,which also has a certain impact on the sustainable development of social economy.After water resources monitoring,we can fully understand the distribution of water resources,water quality and other aspects,so that we can timely understand the problems and effectively control them.In order to better ensure the effect of hydrological and water resources monitoring,we should fully understand the actual situation of water environment,adopt reasonable hydrological and water resources monitoring technology and equipment,and establish a hydrological and water resources monitoring system,so as to ensure that hydrological and water resources monitoring can be carried out smoothly,improve the efficiency of water resources utilization,and better promote the development of water resources development.
文摘In the 21st century, the rapid development of global science and technology has directly promoted the popularization of information technology. All walks of life pay more and more attention to the application of information technology, and deeply understand and actively welcome the arrival of the information age. GPS technology is one of the advanced science and technology in the world, which consists of space part (GPS satellite), ground monitoring part and user part, and can provide users with high-efficiency and high-precision (up to millimeter level) rapid measurement service. In recent years, this technology has been widely used in hydrology and water resources monitoring. It can realize real-time monitoring of hydrology and water resources, and greatly shorten the surveying and mapping cycle of underwater topography, and plays a key role in hydrology and water resources monitoring. This paper mainly studies the basic principle and application advantages of GPS technology, discusses the specific application of GPS technology in hydrology and water resources monitoring, and provides reference for people to apply GPS technology to hydrology and water resources monitoring.
