Herein,the syntheses of[{Au(^(9)N-adeninate)}_(2)(μ-dmpe)](2,dmpe=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane)and its chloride precursor[(AuCl)_(2)(μ-dmpe)](1)are described.X-ray diffraction of 2 reveals a short intramolecular...Herein,the syntheses of[{Au(^(9)N-adeninate)}_(2)(μ-dmpe)](2,dmpe=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane)and its chloride precursor[(AuCl)_(2)(μ-dmpe)](1)are described.X-ray diffraction of 2 reveals a short intramolecular aurophilic interaction(2.9921(7)Å),which is present even when 2 crystallizes from its own hydrometallogel(3.0512(3)Å).This interaction is demonstrated by TD-DFT calculations to be participating in the intense blue phosphorescence that 2 displays in the solid state and,presumably,also in the hydrogel one.Finally,as complex 2 could be understood as a formal dimer of LMWG[Au(^(9)N-adeninate)(PMe_(3))](3),the hydrogelation of the former is examined,with special regard to its optical,rheological and quasielastic neutron scattering properties,which are compared to those of 3.展开更多
A multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogel,P(VI-co-MAAC-NE),was successfully constructed by covalently integrating the aggregation-induced emission(AIE)moiety(Z)-N-(4-(1-cyano-2-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)vinyl)-phenyl)methacry...A multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogel,P(VI-co-MAAC-NE),was successfully constructed by covalently integrating the aggregation-induced emission(AIE)moiety(Z)-N-(4-(1-cyano-2-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)vinyl)-phenyl)methacrylamide(NE)into a dynamic hydrogen-bonding network composed of 1-vinylimidazole(VI)and methacrylic acid(MAAC)groups.The dense hydrogen-bonding network not only provides enhanced mechanical robustness,but also significantly enhances the AIE effect of NE by restricting its molecular motion.Under various external stimuli,the hydrogen bonds within the hydrogel network undergo reversible dissociation and reformation,thus enabling synergistic modulation of the hydrogel’s mechanical properties and luminescence behavior.Specifically,organic solvents disrupt the hydrogen-bonding network and the aggregation of the AIE moiety NE,resulting in macroscopic swelling and fluorescence quenching of the hydrogel.In strongly acidic conditions,protonation of NE molecules suppresses the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)process,yielding a blue-shifted emission band accompanied by intense blue fluorescence;in highly alkaline environments,deprotonation of carboxyl groups induces hydrogel swelling and disperses NE aggregates,leading to pronounced fluorescence quenching.Moreover,the system exhibits thermally activated shape-memory behavior:heating above the glass transition temperature(T_(g):ca.62℃)softens the hydrogel to allow programmable reshaping,and subsequent hydrogen bond reformation at ambient conditions locks in the resultant geometries without sacrificing the hydrogel’s fluorescence performance.By capitalizing on these multi-stimuli-responsive characteristics and shape-memory behavior,the potential of hydrogel P(VI-co-MAAC-NE)for advanced information encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications is demonstrated.This work not only provides a versatile material platform for sensing and information storage,but also offers new insights into the design of intelligent soft materials integrating AIE features with dynamically regulated supramolecular network structures.展开更多
Conducting hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the field of wearable electronics.However,simultaneously achieving high transparency,high conductivity,strong adhesion,and self-healing ability within a short...Conducting hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the field of wearable electronics.However,simultaneously achieving high transparency,high conductivity,strong adhesion,and self-healing ability within a short time remains a major challenge.In this study,a multifunctional mussel-inspired hydrogel was synthesized in only 5 min,with polydopamine(PDA)-polypyrrole(Ppy)-polyaniline(PANi)and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)nanoparticles incorporated into the polyacrylamide(PAM)network.The resulting hydrogel exhibited high transparency(about 90% light transmission in the range of 400-800 nm),high conductivity((95.4±0.4)×10^(-4)S/cm),tensile strength(32.60±1.03 k Pa),strain at break(904.46%±11.50%),and adhesive strength(30-60 k Pa).It also demonstrated rapid self-healing properties(about 48% strength recovery within 1h at 50℃)and water-dependent shape memory behavior.As a wearable strain sensor,the hydrogel successfully detected finger flexion,wrist movements,facial expression changes,and breathing with high sensitivity and stability.The calculated gauge factor(GF)was 7.44±0.31,which is higher than that of many previously reported hydrogels.Compared with previous oyster-inspired or Ppy-based hydrogels,our system showed a much shorter synthesis time,higher transparency,and enhanced multifunctionality.These findings highlight the potential of the proposed hydrogel for next-generation flexible electronics,e-skin,and biomedical monitoring devices.展开更多
Hydrogel microcapsules are powerful microreactor vessels that have attracted widespread attention and research.Among the various methods for their generation,the aqueous two-phase system(ATPS)is by far the most straig...Hydrogel microcapsules are powerful microreactor vessels that have attracted widespread attention and research.Among the various methods for their generation,the aqueous two-phase system(ATPS)is by far the most straightforward approach.However,the high viscosity of ATPS solutions significantly limits the generation throughput of hydrogel microcapsule.In this study,we developed a novel high-throughput approach for generating hydrogel microcapsules using a microfluidic bubble-triggering strategy.By integrating constant-pressure air flow with droplet microfluidics devices,we efficiently manipulated the formation of ATPS droplet through bubble-induced Rayleigh-Plateau instability,enabling the production of uniform,monodisperse microcapsules.Additionally,the droplet generation frequency in the bubble-triggering method exceeded 36 kHz.We further demonstrated the encapsulation of genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains,which acted as biosensors for arsenic ions and caprolactam,highlighting the potential of these microcapsules for biosensing applications.This advancement in hydrogel microcapsule generation offers promising implications for scalable applications in biosensing,organoid culture,and high-throughput screening.展开更多
In 2024, the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas. In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron ...In 2024, the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas. In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron catalysts were developed for CO_(2) copolymerization and novel photoresist materials. Studies in microstructure and rheology elucidated universal deformation modes in graphene-based 2D membranes and improved graphene fiber properties through shear alignment engineering, defect control, and enhanced interlayer entanglement. For separating functional polymers, Janus membranes and channels were created for multiphase separation, liquid-phase molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique was developed to fabricate aromatic polyamide nanofilms, and the harmonic amide bond density was established as a valuable parameter for polyamide structural analysis. In biomedical functional polymers, a sustainable carboxyl-ester transesterification strategy was proposed for upcycling poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) waste into biodegradable plastics. Additionally, immunocompatible biomaterials were designed utilizing zwitterionic polypeptides and albumin-derived coatings, and Cu2+-phenolic nanoflower was designed to combat fungal infections by combining cuproptosis and cell wall digestion. Further,the researchers developed a gelatin-DOPA-knob/fibrinogen hydrogel to achieve rapid and robust hemostatic sealing, utilized a double-network polyelectrolyte-coated hydrogel for enhancing endothelialization of left atrial appendage(LAA) occluders, and the researchers also demonstrated that image-guided highintensity focused ultrasound enables manipulation of shape-memory polymers. Finally, in the realm of photo-electro-magnetic functional polymers, precise control of through-space conjugation was shown to enhance organic luminescence. Topologically structured hydrogels were revealed to exhibit autonomous actuation. Also, solar-driven photothermal ion pumps were developed for selective lithium extraction from seawater, and high-performance non-solvated C60single-crystal films were prepared via facile bar coating. Lastly, the researchers demonstrated outstanding dielectric properties of polyethylene(PE) lamellar single crystals. The relevant works are reviewed in this paper.展开更多
We proposed a strategy using high-concentration tannic acid(TA) solutions to form robust and dense supramolecular networks in hydrogels,driven by the high osmotic pressure of the TA solution.The resulting hydrogels ar...We proposed a strategy using high-concentration tannic acid(TA) solutions to form robust and dense supramolecular networks in hydrogels,driven by the high osmotic pressure of the TA solution.The resulting hydrogels are both transparent and tough,with highly compacted networks.The hydrogels exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 4.55 MPa and a toughness of 160 MJ/m^(3).Additionally,the hydrogels adhere to a wide range of substrates,including metals,ceramics,glass,and even Teflon,with an adhesion strength of up to 42 kPa on Teflon plates.Given the biocompatibility and biodegradability of both PVA and TA,along with the hydrogels' toughness,transparency,and adhesiveness,we anticipated broad applications in the biomedical field,such as in articular cartilage restoration,electronic skin,and wound dressings.Additionally,these hydrogels hold significant potential for applications in wearable technology and optoelectronic devices.展开更多
MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a signifi...MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a significant loss of conductivity.Polydopamine(PDA)has been coated on MXene to enhance its antioxidation stability via the physical barrier and chemical reducing ability of PDA,which unavoidably causes severe aggregation and a significant decrease in conductivity due to the crosslinking and insulation of PDA.Herein,we propose a facile strategy to construct a highly conductive,stable,and self-healing MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel by a controlled assembly of PDA and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC).PDA is first formed by oxidation self-polymerization in PVA solution without the presence of CNC and MXene,which can effectively reduce the content of aggregation-inducing groups and avoid the formation of an insulating PDA layer on the surface of MXene.The addition of CNCs results in the easy dispersion of a high content of MXene via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.The PVA-PDA hydrogel with MXene and CNC as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers(PP-CM)is cross-linked by dynamic borax covalent bonds and shows a conductivity of 7.14 S m^(-1).The introduction of PDA effectively protects MXene and results in only a 14%decrease in conductivity after 7 days,significantly improving antioxidant stability.This hydrogel also possesses rapid self-healing capabilities,achieving 90.5%self-healing efficiency within 10 min.This versatile approach opens new avenues for the preparation and application of MXene-based conductive hydrogels.展开更多
Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent resea...Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels,suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine,environmental science,and agriculture.This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction,systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels,and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields.It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and envisioning future prospects and development trends.展开更多
Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injecti...Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.展开更多
The sensitivity and quantification capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are mutually exclusive,because the ultrasensitive SERS sites(hottest spots)necessary for the sensitivity will signific...The sensitivity and quantification capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are mutually exclusive,because the ultrasensitive SERS sites(hottest spots)necessary for the sensitivity will significantly magnify the SERS signals of the analyte molecules and thus each of these molecules will be miscounted to be hundreds during the quantification process.We demonstrate a concept to circumvent the above contradiction by engineering a timeshare SERS platform capable of working at the quantitative or the sensitive mode on demand.The timeshare SERS platform was constructed by transferring a monolayer gold nanosphere film onto elastic substrates(e.g.,hydrogel).The volume change of the hydrogel could adjust the inter-nanosphere distance,dynamically controlling the formation or extinction of the SERS hottest spots on the same SERS substrate without influencing the spatial distribution of the analyte molecules.The timeshare SERS platform without the SERS hottest spots showed strong quantification capability,while when equipped with a substantial number of the SERS hottest spots exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity.We demonstrated quantitative and ultrasensitive detection of various analyte molecules using the quantitative and the sensitive mode of the timeshare SERS platform,respectively.We opened an avenue towards designing SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and strong quantification capability.展开更多
Microneedle technology has undergone a paradigm shift from basic transdermal drug delivery to intelligent,closed-loop theranostic systems.Hydrogel materials have emerged as core carriers due to their excellent biocomp...Microneedle technology has undergone a paradigm shift from basic transdermal drug delivery to intelligent,closed-loop theranostic systems.Hydrogel materials have emerged as core carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility,efficient drug loading capacity,and improved patient compliance.Moreover,critical bottlenecks in hydrogel microneedles,including poor mechanical strength,burst release of drugs,and delayed response to treatment,can be addressed via cross-scale integration of nanomaterials.This review systematically outlines several multiscale engineering strategies to overcome these limitations.The construction of nanotopological networks coupled with dynamic crosslinking modulation synergistically enhances the mechanical properties,stability of drug loading,and conductivity of hydrogel microneedles.Furthermore,responsive nanocarriers equipped with biosensors help establish a closed-loop linkage between monitoring and therapeutic functions.We highlight their synergistic theranostic advantages in scenarios such as wound regulation and tumor-immune microenvironments,while revealing the role in integrating flexible electronics with wearable systems in intelligent medicine.We also summarize the research advances on the biosafety and scalable manufacturing processes of nanocomposite hydrogel m icroneedles(NHMNs),providing examples of clinical translation to elucidate the path from fundamental research to industrial implementation.As a convergence of nanotechnology,biomaterials,and flexible electronics,NHMNs provide new standards for transdermal theranostics as well as a roadmap for iterative advancement of intelligent theranostic devices in personalized medicine.Their cross-scale collaborative design,which spans from the properties of materials to the functional integration of macroscopic devices,can facilitate potential breakthroughs in next-generation closed-loop theranostic systems.展开更多
The development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is pivotal for addressing global water scarcity.However,it is hindered by the difficulty in synergizing high photothermal conversion with low water ev...The development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is pivotal for addressing global water scarcity.However,it is hindered by the difficulty in synergizing high photothermal conversion with low water evaporation enthalpy into a single material.Herein,we propose an iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy,successfully constructing a covalently locked,hydroxymethyl-functionalized PEDOT-PVA integrated dual-network hydrogel(MEPH).This strategy employs Fe3+to achieve the one-step in situ oxidative polymerization of hydroxymethyl EDOT while concurrently forming a physical hybrid network with PVA,which is subsequently reinforced by covalent cross-linking using glutaraldehyde.This design endows the MEPH with exceptional broadband light absorption(>99%),efficient water transport,and regulated water state within the hydrogel matrix,leading to a reduced evaporation enthalpy of 732 J·g^(−1).The resulting evaporator achieves an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 4.95 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)under 1-sun illumination,corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 95%,while maintaining stable,salt-resistant operation in high-salinity environments.Outdoor experiments validate its outstanding practicality for seawater and wastewater purification,with the produced freshwater significantly promoting plant growth,highlighting its great potential in sustainable agricultural water cycles.This iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy provides an innovative design paradigm for a new generation of high-performance and robust solar evaporators.展开更多
Zinc-iodine batteries have received significant attention due to their high theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness,but their performance is restricted by the growth of zinc dendrites,the hydrogen evolutio...Zinc-iodine batteries have received significant attention due to their high theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness,but their performance is restricted by the growth of zinc dendrites,the hydrogen evolution reaction,and the shuttling effect of polyiodide ions.In this study,an amidoximefunctionalized hydrogel electrolyte,created by amidoximated porous polymer of intrinsic microporosity(AO-PIM-1)and sodium alginate(Alg),is designed to address the aforementioned problems through synergistically optimizing the interfaces of the zinc anode and iodine cathode.The rigid microporous framework and amidoxime groups of AO-PIM-1 can repel polyiodides and inhibit their shuttle effect.Meanwhile,the polyanionic properties of Alg guide the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)along the(002)crystal plane through the“egg-box”structure,thus suppressing the formation of dendrites.The AO-PIM-1/Alg electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity(18.6 mS cm^(-1)).The assembled symmetric battery can achieve highly reversible dendrite-free zinc plating/stripping(stably cycling for 2550 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)).The Zn-I_(2) full battery with the AO-PIM-1/Alg electrolyte has a long lifespan of 8700 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1).The working mechanism of the electrolyte was elucidated through density functional theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.This study provides a new strategy for the hydrogel electrolyte of ZnI_(2) batteries.展开更多
The currently reported conductive hydrogels are mainly used to detect the mechanical signals of human movement,whereas the application of detecting weak electrophysiological signals in epidermal electrodes is still li...The currently reported conductive hydrogels are mainly used to detect the mechanical signals of human movement,whereas the application of detecting weak electrophysiological signals in epidermal electrodes is still limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio and motion artifacts.In this study,a one-pot method was used to prepare a hydrogel conductor with excellent flexibility,self-adhesiveness,and compliance by introducing chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HAAC)and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS)into the polyacrylamide(PAAm)hydrogel network.By adjusting the AMPS and HAAC contents,the hydrogel showed skin-like mechanical properties and surface adhesion,successfully eliminating the gap with the skin surface.The self-adhesive hydrogel showed a lower impedance(approximately 190 kΩ)than commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes.Notably,the hydrogel electrodes exhibited a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)than the commercial electrodes at the same level of muscle contraction.The hydrogel electrodes could accurately detect dynamic weak EMG signals and successfully drive the prosthetic hand to grasp without errors.Importantly,the combination of hydrogel strain sensors and epidermal electrodes can quantify the mode,frequency,and intensity of human movement,which has broad application prospects in data acquisition for daily exercise,fitness,and rehabilitation.展开更多
Hydrogels are widely employed in various cutting-edge fields due to their excellent flexibility and tunability.However,hydrogels undergo significant swelling when immersed in seawater or other ionic solutions,leading ...Hydrogels are widely employed in various cutting-edge fields due to their excellent flexibility and tunability.However,hydrogels undergo significant swelling when immersed in seawater or other ionic solutions,leading to a severe decline in their performance.Herein,we develop a composite hydrogel(PAH)with anti-swelling capability in different solution environments,constructed through hydrogen bonding interactions between rigid aramid nanofibers(ANF)and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA).The dense three-dimensional skeleton within PAH not only dissipates energy to enhance its strength and toughness but also effectively inhibits water molecule penetration.Even after immersion in different ionic solutions,PAH maintains its structural integrity(equilibrium swelling ratio of only 0.1%),while retaining excellent mechanical properties.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the anti-swelling ability of hydrogels in different solutions,offering insights for broadening the application scope of hydrogels.展开更多
Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized on...Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology.Yet,their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor sitespecific accumulation,instability,and systemic toxicity.Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate,protect,and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles,addressing key translational gaps.This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy,with emphasis on peptides,antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and gene delivery systems.We discuss design principles,release mechanisms,and clinical translation challenges,highlighting structure-function relationships and comparative performance across therapeutic classes.By integrating mechanistic insights with recent breakthroughs,we outline how next-generation hydrogels can synergize with personalized medicine and combination therapies to redefine localized cancer treatment.This work explores the fundamental aspects and provides examples of hydrogel-based delivery for the advanced treatment of cancer.The review summarizes the dynamic landscape of hydrogel research of the last 5 years,showcasing their potential systems for the precise delivery of biomolecules.Specifically,we explore the multidimensional role of hydrogels in the sustained and localized release of antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and genes as next-generation platforms for localized cancer treatment.This review aims to critically evaluate the mechanisms and applications of these systems in order to assess their potential to transform medical interventions and advance patient care.展开更多
This study presents a thorough investigation into the use of single and twin-tailed cationic and anionic surfactant-modified chitosan(SMCS)hydrogel beads as effective adsorbents for the elimination of hazardous polycy...This study presents a thorough investigation into the use of single and twin-tailed cationic and anionic surfactant-modified chitosan(SMCS)hydrogel beads as effective adsorbents for the elimination of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from aqueous solutions.The Chitosan(CS)hydrogel beads were modified with single/twin-tailed anionic surfactants,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate(AOT),and cationic surfactants,dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(DTAB)and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB),to enhance their adsorption capacity of PAHs.The CS and SMCS beads were evaluated for their structural,mechanical,and adsorption properties using a range of techniques,including infrared spectroscopy(IR),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),rheometry,and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).Adsorption experiments of naphthalene(Nap),acenaphthene(Ace),and phenanthrene(Phe)on SMCS beads demonstrate that they have significantly higher adsorption capacities than CS beads,due to increase in hydrophobic interactions.Adsorption capacity followed the trend,Phen>Ace>Nap for all the beads revealing that twin-tailed SMCS bead possess much higher adsorption capacities(Qmax)compared to single-tailed SMCS beads.For twin tailed surfactants,the maximum adsorption capacities for Nap,Ace and Phe varied as CS-AOT(CS-DDAB):430.0(323.8)611.60(538.18)633.39(536.99)mg/g respectively,outperforming other reported hydrogel beads.The study highlights the simplicity,eco-friendliness,and enhanced performance of surfactant modification for developing high-efficiency adsorbents,paving the way for cost-effective solutions in water re-mediation.展开更多
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifyin...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifying and applying novel antibacterial compounds derived from natural sources. In this study, we purified a biosurfactant(BS) from Bacillus rugosus HH2 to develop a natural antibacterial agent. This agent was then reinforced with chitooligosaccharide(COS) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to create a hydrogel that promoted healing in MRSA-infected wounds. The COS/PVA/BS hydrogel was readily fabricated via the freeze-thaw method and demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, biological activity,and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts,keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, it exhibited strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, along with potent antibiofilm activity and inhibition of virulence factors relevant to MRSA-induced wound infections. Its anti-virulence effects have been linked to the downregulation of quorum sensing and virulence-related genes in MRSA. In an in vivo model of MRSA-induced infection, the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and markedly reduced the MRSA burden. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed enhanced neovascularization and regulated macrophage responses,underscoring the angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of the hydrogel. Overall,the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and promoting wound repair, supported by the use of common raw materials, a simple fabrication process, and high-yield production of natural antibacterial agents.展开更多
Green solvent pretreatment of biomass represents a promising ap-proach for enhancing the econom-ic value of lignocellulosic deriva-tives.In this study,corncob biomass was treated with a diol-based deep eutectic solven...Green solvent pretreatment of biomass represents a promising ap-proach for enhancing the econom-ic value of lignocellulosic deriva-tives.In this study,corncob biomass was treated with a diol-based deep eutectic solvent(DES)under mild conditions,facilitating efficient cellulose separation.The extracted cellulose was subsequently used to fabricate cellulose hydrogels in an aqueous zinc chloride solution.The resulting hydrogel exhibited a“water-in-salt”effect due to the high concentration of ZnCl_(2).Leveraging the antifreeze properties of sorbitol,the system demon-strated outstanding low-temperature electrochemical performance,including a broad operat-ing voltage window and an ionic conductivity of 38.4 mS·cm^(-1)at-20℃.At 20℃,the de-vice achieved an energy density of 206 Wh·kg^(-1)and a power density of 2701.05 W·kg^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1).Moreover,the flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor(ZHSC)maintained 89%of its capacitance and nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency after 5500 cycles at 20℃.This work not only advances the development of zinc-ion energy storage devices but al-so establishes a new paradigm for the green and direct utilization of biomass-derived materi-als.展开更多
Multiresponsive hydrogels,capable of responding to more than one external stimulus,have demonstrated great utility in biomedical applications.This study presents a facile method for preparing an injectable,dual redox/...Multiresponsive hydrogels,capable of responding to more than one external stimulus,have demonstrated great utility in biomedical applications.This study presents a facile method for preparing an injectable,dual redox/p H-responsive hydrogel system based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)for the controlled delivery of pharmacologically active bevacizumab(BEV).The hydrogel system was fabricated via a one-step physical crosslinking process by mixing PEDOT:PSS with BEV,leveraging electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonding,and ionic crosslinking.The resulting PEDOT@BEV system exhibited a homogeneously porous structure,robust mechanical stability,and good biocompatibility.Under acidic(p H=5)or alkaline(p H=10)conditions,especially when coupled with elevated reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,the as-prepared PEDOT@BEV achieved rapid BEV release.This may be attributed to PEDOT oxidation and charge repulsion.In contrast,BEV release remained stable under physiological conditions(p H=7.4,0 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2)).In vitro results supported that the resulting PEDOT@BEV demonstrated potent anti-angiogenic efficacy,significantly inhibiting cellular migration and tube formation of human retinal vascular endothelial cells(HRVECs).The vascular endothelial growth factor expression was further reduced.In a mouse model of corneal neovascularization,the PEDOT@BEV system enabled the continuous controlled release of BEV for over 14 days.It exhibited superior anti-angiogenic efficacy compared to free BEV treatment,more effectively reducing neovascularization and corneal inflammation.The designed platform in this work demonstrated versatility by successfully incorporating other therapeutic antibodies(e.g.,rituximab,trastuzumab),highlighting its potential for tailored drug delivery in oncology and neovascular diseases.The outcome of this study offers a promising strategy for spatiotemporally controlled drug release in response to specific microenvironmental cues.展开更多
基金the DGI MICINN/FEDER(project number PID2019-104379RB-C22(AEI/FEDER,UE))MCIU/FEDER(project number ECQ2018-004082(AEI/FEDER,UE))for financial support,Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas,Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón for cryo-STEM facilities+1 种基金MIU(former MECD)for the concession of a FPU grantfunding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No.665593 awarded to the Science and Technology Facilities Council.
文摘Herein,the syntheses of[{Au(^(9)N-adeninate)}_(2)(μ-dmpe)](2,dmpe=1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane)and its chloride precursor[(AuCl)_(2)(μ-dmpe)](1)are described.X-ray diffraction of 2 reveals a short intramolecular aurophilic interaction(2.9921(7)Å),which is present even when 2 crystallizes from its own hydrometallogel(3.0512(3)Å).This interaction is demonstrated by TD-DFT calculations to be participating in the intense blue phosphorescence that 2 displays in the solid state and,presumably,also in the hydrogel one.Finally,as complex 2 could be understood as a formal dimer of LMWG[Au(^(9)N-adeninate)(PMe_(3))](3),the hydrogelation of the former is examined,with special regard to its optical,rheological and quasielastic neutron scattering properties,which are compared to those of 3.
文摘A multi-stimuli-responsive hydrogel,P(VI-co-MAAC-NE),was successfully constructed by covalently integrating the aggregation-induced emission(AIE)moiety(Z)-N-(4-(1-cyano-2-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)vinyl)-phenyl)methacrylamide(NE)into a dynamic hydrogen-bonding network composed of 1-vinylimidazole(VI)and methacrylic acid(MAAC)groups.The dense hydrogen-bonding network not only provides enhanced mechanical robustness,but also significantly enhances the AIE effect of NE by restricting its molecular motion.Under various external stimuli,the hydrogen bonds within the hydrogel network undergo reversible dissociation and reformation,thus enabling synergistic modulation of the hydrogel’s mechanical properties and luminescence behavior.Specifically,organic solvents disrupt the hydrogen-bonding network and the aggregation of the AIE moiety NE,resulting in macroscopic swelling and fluorescence quenching of the hydrogel.In strongly acidic conditions,protonation of NE molecules suppresses the intramolecular charge transfer(ICT)process,yielding a blue-shifted emission band accompanied by intense blue fluorescence;in highly alkaline environments,deprotonation of carboxyl groups induces hydrogel swelling and disperses NE aggregates,leading to pronounced fluorescence quenching.Moreover,the system exhibits thermally activated shape-memory behavior:heating above the glass transition temperature(T_(g):ca.62℃)softens the hydrogel to allow programmable reshaping,and subsequent hydrogen bond reformation at ambient conditions locks in the resultant geometries without sacrificing the hydrogel’s fluorescence performance.By capitalizing on these multi-stimuli-responsive characteristics and shape-memory behavior,the potential of hydrogel P(VI-co-MAAC-NE)for advanced information encryption and anti-counterfeiting applications is demonstrated.This work not only provides a versatile material platform for sensing and information storage,but also offers new insights into the design of intelligent soft materials integrating AIE features with dynamically regulated supramolecular network structures.
文摘Conducting hydrogels have garnered significant interest in the field of wearable electronics.However,simultaneously achieving high transparency,high conductivity,strong adhesion,and self-healing ability within a short time remains a major challenge.In this study,a multifunctional mussel-inspired hydrogel was synthesized in only 5 min,with polydopamine(PDA)-polypyrrole(Ppy)-polyaniline(PANi)and poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)nanoparticles incorporated into the polyacrylamide(PAM)network.The resulting hydrogel exhibited high transparency(about 90% light transmission in the range of 400-800 nm),high conductivity((95.4±0.4)×10^(-4)S/cm),tensile strength(32.60±1.03 k Pa),strain at break(904.46%±11.50%),and adhesive strength(30-60 k Pa).It also demonstrated rapid self-healing properties(about 48% strength recovery within 1h at 50℃)and water-dependent shape memory behavior.As a wearable strain sensor,the hydrogel successfully detected finger flexion,wrist movements,facial expression changes,and breathing with high sensitivity and stability.The calculated gauge factor(GF)was 7.44±0.31,which is higher than that of many previously reported hydrogels.Compared with previous oyster-inspired or Ppy-based hydrogels,our system showed a much shorter synthesis time,higher transparency,and enhanced multifunctionality.These findings highlight the potential of the proposed hydrogel for next-generation flexible electronics,e-skin,and biomedical monitoring devices.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(no.2023YFB3208203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.62374170)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(no.23J21900200).
文摘Hydrogel microcapsules are powerful microreactor vessels that have attracted widespread attention and research.Among the various methods for their generation,the aqueous two-phase system(ATPS)is by far the most straightforward approach.However,the high viscosity of ATPS solutions significantly limits the generation throughput of hydrogel microcapsule.In this study,we developed a novel high-throughput approach for generating hydrogel microcapsules using a microfluidic bubble-triggering strategy.By integrating constant-pressure air flow with droplet microfluidics devices,we efficiently manipulated the formation of ATPS droplet through bubble-induced Rayleigh-Plateau instability,enabling the production of uniform,monodisperse microcapsules.Additionally,the droplet generation frequency in the bubble-triggering method exceeded 36 kHz.We further demonstrated the encapsulation of genetically engineered Escherichia coli strains,which acted as biosensors for arsenic ions and caprolactam,highlighting the potential of these microcapsules for biosensing applications.This advancement in hydrogel microcapsule generation offers promising implications for scalable applications in biosensing,organoid culture,and high-throughput screening.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.226-2025-00031).
文摘In 2024, the MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization at Zhejiang University continued its impactful researches across five core areas. In controllable catalytic polymerization,organoboron catalysts were developed for CO_(2) copolymerization and novel photoresist materials. Studies in microstructure and rheology elucidated universal deformation modes in graphene-based 2D membranes and improved graphene fiber properties through shear alignment engineering, defect control, and enhanced interlayer entanglement. For separating functional polymers, Janus membranes and channels were created for multiphase separation, liquid-phase molecular layer-by-layer deposition technique was developed to fabricate aromatic polyamide nanofilms, and the harmonic amide bond density was established as a valuable parameter for polyamide structural analysis. In biomedical functional polymers, a sustainable carboxyl-ester transesterification strategy was proposed for upcycling poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) waste into biodegradable plastics. Additionally, immunocompatible biomaterials were designed utilizing zwitterionic polypeptides and albumin-derived coatings, and Cu2+-phenolic nanoflower was designed to combat fungal infections by combining cuproptosis and cell wall digestion. Further,the researchers developed a gelatin-DOPA-knob/fibrinogen hydrogel to achieve rapid and robust hemostatic sealing, utilized a double-network polyelectrolyte-coated hydrogel for enhancing endothelialization of left atrial appendage(LAA) occluders, and the researchers also demonstrated that image-guided highintensity focused ultrasound enables manipulation of shape-memory polymers. Finally, in the realm of photo-electro-magnetic functional polymers, precise control of through-space conjugation was shown to enhance organic luminescence. Topologically structured hydrogels were revealed to exhibit autonomous actuation. Also, solar-driven photothermal ion pumps were developed for selective lithium extraction from seawater, and high-performance non-solvated C60single-crystal films were prepared via facile bar coating. Lastly, the researchers demonstrated outstanding dielectric properties of polyethylene(PE) lamellar single crystals. The relevant works are reviewed in this paper.
基金Funded by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(No.2021B0301030001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No. 2021YFB3802300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 52403153 and 52203169)。
文摘We proposed a strategy using high-concentration tannic acid(TA) solutions to form robust and dense supramolecular networks in hydrogels,driven by the high osmotic pressure of the TA solution.The resulting hydrogels are both transparent and tough,with highly compacted networks.The hydrogels exhibit an ultimate tensile strength of approximately 4.55 MPa and a toughness of 160 MJ/m^(3).Additionally,the hydrogels adhere to a wide range of substrates,including metals,ceramics,glass,and even Teflon,with an adhesion strength of up to 42 kPa on Teflon plates.Given the biocompatibility and biodegradability of both PVA and TA,along with the hydrogels' toughness,transparency,and adhesiveness,we anticipated broad applications in the biomedical field,such as in articular cartilage restoration,electronic skin,and wound dressings.Additionally,these hydrogels hold significant potential for applications in wearable technology and optoelectronic devices.
基金support from Youth Promotion of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation(2024A1515030005)Guangdong Province Ordinary Universities Characteristic Innovation Project(2024KTSCX096)+4 种基金Guangdong Province University Key Field Special Program(2023ZDZX3002)Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)Naikai University,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology(No.2023B1212060065)Programs of Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province(202301AT070217)MOE International Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies,the 111 Project,Science and Technology Bureau of Huzhou(2022GG24)ScienceK Ltd.
文摘MXene is a promising conductive nanofiller for hydrogels due to its excellent electricity conductivity and water dispersibility.However,MXene is prone to oxidize in the presence of air and water,resulting in a significant loss of conductivity.Polydopamine(PDA)has been coated on MXene to enhance its antioxidation stability via the physical barrier and chemical reducing ability of PDA,which unavoidably causes severe aggregation and a significant decrease in conductivity due to the crosslinking and insulation of PDA.Herein,we propose a facile strategy to construct a highly conductive,stable,and self-healing MXene-based polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel by a controlled assembly of PDA and cellulose nanocrystal(CNC).PDA is first formed by oxidation self-polymerization in PVA solution without the presence of CNC and MXene,which can effectively reduce the content of aggregation-inducing groups and avoid the formation of an insulating PDA layer on the surface of MXene.The addition of CNCs results in the easy dispersion of a high content of MXene via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions.The PVA-PDA hydrogel with MXene and CNC as conductive and reinforcing nanofillers(PP-CM)is cross-linked by dynamic borax covalent bonds and shows a conductivity of 7.14 S m^(-1).The introduction of PDA effectively protects MXene and results in only a 14%decrease in conductivity after 7 days,significantly improving antioxidant stability.This hydrogel also possesses rapid self-healing capabilities,achieving 90.5%self-healing efficiency within 10 min.This versatile approach opens new avenues for the preparation and application of MXene-based conductive hydrogels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21706052,22278114)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421575).
文摘Lignin,the most abundant natural aromatic polymer globally,has garnered considerable interest due to its rich and diverse active functional groups and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and adhesive properties.Recent research has significantly improved the performance of lignin-based hydrogels,suggesting their substantial potential in fields such as biomedicine,environmental science,and agriculture.This paper reviews the process of lignin extraction,systematically introduces synthesis strategies for preparing lignin-based hydrogels,and discusses the current state of research on these hydrogels in biomedical and environmental protection fields.It concludes by identifying the existing challenges in lignin hydrogel research and envisioning future prospects and development trends.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82272472 and 52373146)。
文摘Early knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is characterized by progressive degeneration of the articular cartilage,synovial inflammation,and excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).At present,intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid(HA)is widely used to alleviate symptoms;however,its lubrication persistence,antioxidant,and anti-inflammatory abilities are limited,and it is difficult to effectively delay the early process of cartilage degeneration.Based on this,hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid(HA-LA)was synthesized by esterification reaction,and HA-LA microspheres were prepared by a reversed-phase emulsion method,which was combined with a macromolecular HA-LA solution to form injectable hydrogels.The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an injectable hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid-g-lipoic acid microspheres(HA-LA MS)for the treatment of KOA and to verify its injectability,lubricity,reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The results show that the HA-LA MS hydrogel has excellent shear thinning characteristics and continuous injectability,and its microsphere structure significantly reduces the interfacial friction coefficient through the rolling effect.In vitro experiments have shown that the hydrogel can efficiently scavenge ROS,reduce the expression of inflammatory factors,and is non-cytotoxic.The HA-LA MS injectable hydrogel has excellent lubricity,ROS scavenging ability,and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo,which can effectively delay the degeneration of early KOA cartilage,and its efficacy is significantly better than that of traditional hyaluronic acid,making it a promising intra-articular injection preparation.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(12304422,52501261,52273233)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(512200-X92103)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230911)the fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(30923010209)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2025QN05053).
文摘The sensitivity and quantification capability of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)substrates are mutually exclusive,because the ultrasensitive SERS sites(hottest spots)necessary for the sensitivity will significantly magnify the SERS signals of the analyte molecules and thus each of these molecules will be miscounted to be hundreds during the quantification process.We demonstrate a concept to circumvent the above contradiction by engineering a timeshare SERS platform capable of working at the quantitative or the sensitive mode on demand.The timeshare SERS platform was constructed by transferring a monolayer gold nanosphere film onto elastic substrates(e.g.,hydrogel).The volume change of the hydrogel could adjust the inter-nanosphere distance,dynamically controlling the formation or extinction of the SERS hottest spots on the same SERS substrate without influencing the spatial distribution of the analyte molecules.The timeshare SERS platform without the SERS hottest spots showed strong quantification capability,while when equipped with a substantial number of the SERS hottest spots exhibited ultrahigh sensitivity.We demonstrated quantitative and ultrasensitive detection of various analyte molecules using the quantitative and the sensitive mode of the timeshare SERS platform,respectively.We opened an avenue towards designing SERS substrates with both high sensitivity and strong quantification capability.
基金supported by the National Key R esearch and Development Program of China(No.2023YFF0724300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32171373)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.YG2025QNB08)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1414500).
文摘Microneedle technology has undergone a paradigm shift from basic transdermal drug delivery to intelligent,closed-loop theranostic systems.Hydrogel materials have emerged as core carriers due to their excellent biocompatibility,efficient drug loading capacity,and improved patient compliance.Moreover,critical bottlenecks in hydrogel microneedles,including poor mechanical strength,burst release of drugs,and delayed response to treatment,can be addressed via cross-scale integration of nanomaterials.This review systematically outlines several multiscale engineering strategies to overcome these limitations.The construction of nanotopological networks coupled with dynamic crosslinking modulation synergistically enhances the mechanical properties,stability of drug loading,and conductivity of hydrogel microneedles.Furthermore,responsive nanocarriers equipped with biosensors help establish a closed-loop linkage between monitoring and therapeutic functions.We highlight their synergistic theranostic advantages in scenarios such as wound regulation and tumor-immune microenvironments,while revealing the role in integrating flexible electronics with wearable systems in intelligent medicine.We also summarize the research advances on the biosafety and scalable manufacturing processes of nanocomposite hydrogel m icroneedles(NHMNs),providing examples of clinical translation to elucidate the path from fundamental research to industrial implementation.As a convergence of nanotechnology,biomaterials,and flexible electronics,NHMNs provide new standards for transdermal theranostics as well as a roadmap for iterative advancement of intelligent theranostic devices in personalized medicine.Their cross-scale collaborative design,which spans from the properties of materials to the functional integration of macroscopic devices,can facilitate potential breakthroughs in next-generation closed-loop theranostic systems.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20232ACB204002)the Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(No.20242BCC32010).
文摘The development of solar-driven interfacial evaporation technology is pivotal for addressing global water scarcity.However,it is hindered by the difficulty in synergizing high photothermal conversion with low water evaporation enthalpy into a single material.Herein,we propose an iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy,successfully constructing a covalently locked,hydroxymethyl-functionalized PEDOT-PVA integrated dual-network hydrogel(MEPH).This strategy employs Fe3+to achieve the one-step in situ oxidative polymerization of hydroxymethyl EDOT while concurrently forming a physical hybrid network with PVA,which is subsequently reinforced by covalent cross-linking using glutaraldehyde.This design endows the MEPH with exceptional broadband light absorption(>99%),efficient water transport,and regulated water state within the hydrogel matrix,leading to a reduced evaporation enthalpy of 732 J·g^(−1).The resulting evaporator achieves an ultrahigh evaporation rate of 4.95 kg·m^(−2)·h^(−1)under 1-sun illumination,corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency exceeding 95%,while maintaining stable,salt-resistant operation in high-salinity environments.Outdoor experiments validate its outstanding practicality for seawater and wastewater purification,with the produced freshwater significantly promoting plant growth,highlighting its great potential in sustainable agricultural water cycles.This iron-aldehyde-cooperative dynamic covalent anchoring strategy provides an innovative design paradigm for a new generation of high-performance and robust solar evaporators.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475035 and 22071021)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(20240101170JC)。
文摘Zinc-iodine batteries have received significant attention due to their high theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness,but their performance is restricted by the growth of zinc dendrites,the hydrogen evolution reaction,and the shuttling effect of polyiodide ions.In this study,an amidoximefunctionalized hydrogel electrolyte,created by amidoximated porous polymer of intrinsic microporosity(AO-PIM-1)and sodium alginate(Alg),is designed to address the aforementioned problems through synergistically optimizing the interfaces of the zinc anode and iodine cathode.The rigid microporous framework and amidoxime groups of AO-PIM-1 can repel polyiodides and inhibit their shuttle effect.Meanwhile,the polyanionic properties of Alg guide the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)along the(002)crystal plane through the“egg-box”structure,thus suppressing the formation of dendrites.The AO-PIM-1/Alg electrolyte has a high ionic conductivity(18.6 mS cm^(-1)).The assembled symmetric battery can achieve highly reversible dendrite-free zinc plating/stripping(stably cycling for 2550 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)).The Zn-I_(2) full battery with the AO-PIM-1/Alg electrolyte has a long lifespan of 8700 cycles at 0.5 A g^(-1).The working mechanism of the electrolyte was elucidated through density functional theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations.This study provides a new strategy for the hydrogel electrolyte of ZnI_(2) batteries.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of the Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202401546ZYTS).
文摘The currently reported conductive hydrogels are mainly used to detect the mechanical signals of human movement,whereas the application of detecting weak electrophysiological signals in epidermal electrodes is still limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio and motion artifacts.In this study,a one-pot method was used to prepare a hydrogel conductor with excellent flexibility,self-adhesiveness,and compliance by introducing chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HAAC)and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid(AMPS)into the polyacrylamide(PAAm)hydrogel network.By adjusting the AMPS and HAAC contents,the hydrogel showed skin-like mechanical properties and surface adhesion,successfully eliminating the gap with the skin surface.The self-adhesive hydrogel showed a lower impedance(approximately 190 kΩ)than commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes.Notably,the hydrogel electrodes exhibited a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)than the commercial electrodes at the same level of muscle contraction.The hydrogel electrodes could accurately detect dynamic weak EMG signals and successfully drive the prosthetic hand to grasp without errors.Importantly,the combination of hydrogel strain sensors and epidermal electrodes can quantify the mode,frequency,and intensity of human movement,which has broad application prospects in data acquisition for daily exercise,fitness,and rehabilitation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52573131)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0710303)。
文摘Hydrogels are widely employed in various cutting-edge fields due to their excellent flexibility and tunability.However,hydrogels undergo significant swelling when immersed in seawater or other ionic solutions,leading to a severe decline in their performance.Herein,we develop a composite hydrogel(PAH)with anti-swelling capability in different solution environments,constructed through hydrogen bonding interactions between rigid aramid nanofibers(ANF)and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA).The dense three-dimensional skeleton within PAH not only dissipates energy to enhance its strength and toughness but also effectively inhibits water molecule penetration.Even after immersion in different ionic solutions,PAH maintains its structural integrity(equilibrium swelling ratio of only 0.1%),while retaining excellent mechanical properties.This work provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the anti-swelling ability of hydrogels in different solutions,offering insights for broadening the application scope of hydrogels.
基金supported by the Vall d’Hebron Research Institute(PI23/01345)the Networking Research Centre on Bioengineering,Biomaterials,and Nanomedicine(CIBER-BBN),which is financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)+4 种基金supported by ANID FONDECYT REGULAR(Chile)through project No.1250634,and FOVI230019 granted to Esteban Duran-LaraDiana Rafael was supported by Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions(MSCA-PF ID 101107735),“La Caixa Foundation”(LCF/BQ/PR24/12050008),and ISCIII(PI24/00745)Fernanda Andrade was granted by the Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer(FCAECC Refs.INVES211530DASI and SNRGS247164DASI)“La Caixa Foundation”(HR24-00927).Júlia German-Cortés was granted by the 791 FAECC(PRDBA258393GERM)The authors also thank the denomination of Consolidated group from Generalitat de Catalunya(2021 SGR 01173)granted to the CB-DDT group。
文摘Despite remarkable advances in nanomedicine,localized delivery of advanced cancer therapeutics remains underexploited.Advanced therapies based on biopharmaceuticals,immunotherapy,or gene therapy have revolutionized oncology.Yet,their systemic administration is often associated with limitations such as poor sitespecific accumulation,instability,and systemic toxicity.Hydrogels/macrogels offer the ability to encapsulate,protect,and release biomolecules in situ with sustained and stimulus-responsive profiles,addressing key translational gaps.This review provides a focused synthesis of the last five years of hydrogel-based research for cancer therapy,with emphasis on peptides,antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and gene delivery systems.We discuss design principles,release mechanisms,and clinical translation challenges,highlighting structure-function relationships and comparative performance across therapeutic classes.By integrating mechanistic insights with recent breakthroughs,we outline how next-generation hydrogels can synergize with personalized medicine and combination therapies to redefine localized cancer treatment.This work explores the fundamental aspects and provides examples of hydrogel-based delivery for the advanced treatment of cancer.The review summarizes the dynamic landscape of hydrogel research of the last 5 years,showcasing their potential systems for the precise delivery of biomolecules.Specifically,we explore the multidimensional role of hydrogels in the sustained and localized release of antibodies,immunotherapeutic agents,and genes as next-generation platforms for localized cancer treatment.This review aims to critically evaluate the mechanisms and applications of these systems in order to assess their potential to transform medical interventions and advance patient care.
基金the Department of Science and Technology(DST),Govt.of India for providing funds under the FIST program and PURSE grant vide No.SR/PURSE/2020/31 to the department of Chemistry,University of Kashmir.
文摘This study presents a thorough investigation into the use of single and twin-tailed cationic and anionic surfactant-modified chitosan(SMCS)hydrogel beads as effective adsorbents for the elimination of hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)from aqueous solutions.The Chitosan(CS)hydrogel beads were modified with single/twin-tailed anionic surfactants,sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)and sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate(AOT),and cationic surfactants,dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide(DTAB)and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide(DDAB),to enhance their adsorption capacity of PAHs.The CS and SMCS beads were evaluated for their structural,mechanical,and adsorption properties using a range of techniques,including infrared spectroscopy(IR),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),rheometry,and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM).Adsorption experiments of naphthalene(Nap),acenaphthene(Ace),and phenanthrene(Phe)on SMCS beads demonstrate that they have significantly higher adsorption capacities than CS beads,due to increase in hydrophobic interactions.Adsorption capacity followed the trend,Phen>Ace>Nap for all the beads revealing that twin-tailed SMCS bead possess much higher adsorption capacities(Qmax)compared to single-tailed SMCS beads.For twin tailed surfactants,the maximum adsorption capacities for Nap,Ace and Phe varied as CS-AOT(CS-DDAB):430.0(323.8)611.60(538.18)633.39(536.99)mg/g respectively,outperforming other reported hydrogel beads.The study highlights the simplicity,eco-friendliness,and enhanced performance of surfactant modification for developing high-efficiency adsorbents,paving the way for cost-effective solutions in water re-mediation.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (RS-2021-NR060118,RS-2024-00408404, and RS-2025-00555808)supported by the Korea Institute of Marine Science&Technology Promotion (KIMST)funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (RS-2024-00404977)。
文摘Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) causes widespread infections and poses serious public health concerns. Its high level of resistance to multiple antibiotics has garnered growing interest in identifying and applying novel antibacterial compounds derived from natural sources. In this study, we purified a biosurfactant(BS) from Bacillus rugosus HH2 to develop a natural antibacterial agent. This agent was then reinforced with chitooligosaccharide(COS) and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) to create a hydrogel that promoted healing in MRSA-infected wounds. The COS/PVA/BS hydrogel was readily fabricated via the freeze-thaw method and demonstrated excellent mechanical strength, biological activity,and biocompatibility. In vitro assays confirmed that the hydrogel significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix deposition of fibroblasts,keratinocytes, and endothelial cells. Moreover, it exhibited strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities against MRSA, along with potent antibiofilm activity and inhibition of virulence factors relevant to MRSA-induced wound infections. Its anti-virulence effects have been linked to the downregulation of quorum sensing and virulence-related genes in MRSA. In an in vivo model of MRSA-induced infection, the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing and markedly reduced the MRSA burden. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed enhanced neovascularization and regulated macrophage responses,underscoring the angiogenic and immunomodulatory effects of the hydrogel. Overall,the COS/PVA/BS hydrogel represents a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections and promoting wound repair, supported by the use of common raw materials, a simple fabrication process, and high-yield production of natural antibacterial agents.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFA1507500)the Nation-al Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373159)。
文摘Green solvent pretreatment of biomass represents a promising ap-proach for enhancing the econom-ic value of lignocellulosic deriva-tives.In this study,corncob biomass was treated with a diol-based deep eutectic solvent(DES)under mild conditions,facilitating efficient cellulose separation.The extracted cellulose was subsequently used to fabricate cellulose hydrogels in an aqueous zinc chloride solution.The resulting hydrogel exhibited a“water-in-salt”effect due to the high concentration of ZnCl_(2).Leveraging the antifreeze properties of sorbitol,the system demon-strated outstanding low-temperature electrochemical performance,including a broad operat-ing voltage window and an ionic conductivity of 38.4 mS·cm^(-1)at-20℃.At 20℃,the de-vice achieved an energy density of 206 Wh·kg^(-1)and a power density of 2701.05 W·kg^(-1)at a current density of 1 A·g^(-1).Moreover,the flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor(ZHSC)maintained 89%of its capacitance and nearly 100%Coulombic efficiency after 5500 cycles at 20℃.This work not only advances the development of zinc-ion energy storage devices but al-so establishes a new paradigm for the green and direct utilization of biomass-derived materi-als.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82502583 and U20A20338)Huadong Medicine Joint Funds of Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LHDMY23H070004)the Summit Advancement Disciplines of Zhejiang Province(Wenzhou Medical University-Pharmaceutics)。
文摘Multiresponsive hydrogels,capable of responding to more than one external stimulus,have demonstrated great utility in biomedical applications.This study presents a facile method for preparing an injectable,dual redox/p H-responsive hydrogel system based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate)(PEDOT:PSS)for the controlled delivery of pharmacologically active bevacizumab(BEV).The hydrogel system was fabricated via a one-step physical crosslinking process by mixing PEDOT:PSS with BEV,leveraging electrostatic interactions,hydrogen bonding,and ionic crosslinking.The resulting PEDOT@BEV system exhibited a homogeneously porous structure,robust mechanical stability,and good biocompatibility.Under acidic(p H=5)or alkaline(p H=10)conditions,especially when coupled with elevated reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,the as-prepared PEDOT@BEV achieved rapid BEV release.This may be attributed to PEDOT oxidation and charge repulsion.In contrast,BEV release remained stable under physiological conditions(p H=7.4,0 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2)).In vitro results supported that the resulting PEDOT@BEV demonstrated potent anti-angiogenic efficacy,significantly inhibiting cellular migration and tube formation of human retinal vascular endothelial cells(HRVECs).The vascular endothelial growth factor expression was further reduced.In a mouse model of corneal neovascularization,the PEDOT@BEV system enabled the continuous controlled release of BEV for over 14 days.It exhibited superior anti-angiogenic efficacy compared to free BEV treatment,more effectively reducing neovascularization and corneal inflammation.The designed platform in this work demonstrated versatility by successfully incorporating other therapeutic antibodies(e.g.,rituximab,trastuzumab),highlighting its potential for tailored drug delivery in oncology and neovascular diseases.The outcome of this study offers a promising strategy for spatiotemporally controlled drug release in response to specific microenvironmental cues.
