Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sodium oligomannate capsules combined with memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of moderate Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and analyze its impact ...Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sodium oligomannate capsules combined with memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of moderate Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and analyze its impact on cognitive function.Methods:Eighty patients with moderate AD admitted to the neurology outpatient clinic of our hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a study group and a control group,each with 40 patients.The control group was treated with oral memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride,while the study group was additionally treated with oral sodium oligomannate capsules for 24 weeks.The scores of neuropsychological scales[Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)],and Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale were compared before and after treatment.Additionally,the levels of homocysteine(Hcy),central nervous system-specific protein(S100-β),interleukin(IL)-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere measured in both groups,and the treatment effects and adverse reactions were compared.Results:After 24 weeks of treatment,the MMSE,MoCA,and ADL scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the control group after 24 weeks of treatment,the study group had significantly higher MMSE,MoCA,and ADL scores(P<0.05),and significantly lower levels of Hcy,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.05).Both the study group and the control group showed reduced levels of Hcy,IL-6,and TNF-αafter 24 weeks of treatment compared to before(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in S100-βlevels(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combination of sodium oligomannate capsules,memantine hydrochloride,and donepezil hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of moderate AD.It can improve the cognitive function and daily living abilities of patients with dementia,enhancing their quality of life.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0...Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes and explore their application value in patients with liver cancer.Methods:Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were prepared using the ammonium ...Objective:This study aimed to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes and explore their application value in patients with liver cancer.Methods:Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were prepared using the ammonium sulfate gradient method.Doxorubicin,as a broad-spectrum antitumor drug,has significant toxic and side effects after toxicological investigation.After preparing DOX-Lip,single-factor analysis was used to analyze the effects of solution pH,number of ultrafiltration,oil-water ratio,incubation temperature,and time on the encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes.The process was optimized through orthogonal experiments and then applied clinically.110 patients with liver cancer were selected as the research subjects to verify the drug’s effectiveness.Results:The results of this study showed that under optimal process conditions,the prepared doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were evenly distributed,similar to spherical shapes,with an average particle size of 85–87 mm and a Zeta potential of 15–16 mV,indicating good encapsulation efficiency.The application of these liposomes to clinical treatment of liver cancer demonstrated good therapeutic effects and could effectively promote favorable patient prognosis.Conclusion:The doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes prepared through process optimization exhibit strong stability and pronounced sustained-release characteristics,providing a solid foundation for the treatment of liver cancer.展开更多
Rational design of composite catalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer is of great significance to achieve efficient degradation of pollutants.Herein,CuInS_(2)nanoparticles are skillfully deposited on Ti...Rational design of composite catalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer is of great significance to achieve efficient degradation of pollutants.Herein,CuInS_(2)nanoparticles are skillfully deposited on TiO_(2)nanofibers through a hydrothermal method.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction is confirmed through free radical trapping experiments,in‐situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)measurements,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(fs-TAS)results.These results reveal that the built-in electric field within the S-scheme heterojunction significantly enhances charge separation and transfer,boosting the catalyst's redox capabilities.The TiO_(2)/CuInS_(2)photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic performance,achieving a degradation rate of 89%within 21 min of light irradiation,which is almost 2.2 times higher than that of TiO_(2).Additionally,the degradation products of TCH are investigated using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS),offering insights into the degradation pathway.This study highlights the potential advantage of ultrafast charge carrier transfer in S-scheme heterojunction,providing a promising strategy for designing high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for environmental remediation.The findings offer new directions for improving the degradation of persistent pollutants like tetracyclines.展开更多
In the present study,an extended-release(ER)suspension of guanfacine hydrochloride(GFN)was successfully formulated using a self-synthesized cation-exchange resin characterized by a narrow particle size distribution.Th...In the present study,an extended-release(ER)suspension of guanfacine hydrochloride(GFN)was successfully formulated using a self-synthesized cation-exchange resin characterized by a narrow particle size distribution.The drug-resin complex was prepared through a static adsorption method,employing the resin as a pharmaceutical carrier.Subsequently,guanfacine hydrochloride-coated microcapsules(GFN-CM)were fabricated via an emulsion solvent evaporation technique to achieve sustained-release functionality.Characterization revealed that the in-house resin exhibited a smoother surface and a narrower size distribution(Span value:0.74)compared to the commercial counterpart,Amberlite®IRP69.In vitro release studies demonstrated that the GFN-CM followed a zero-order kinetic model over 10 h,with a cumulative drug release of 81.88%observed at 12 h.Furthermore,pharmacokinetic evaluation in New Zealand rabbits showed that the mean residence time(MRT0–24)of the GFN suspension extended from 7.619 to 8.336 h,displaying a more stable plasma concentration-time profile and an average relative bioavailability(Fr)of 111.36% compared to marketed ER GFN tablets.These findings highlighted the successful development of a novel cation exchange resin-based delivery system,offering a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of ER pharmaceutical formulations.展开更多
The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a hi...The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a high-temperature calcination method to enhance the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The experimental results demonstrated that the band gap of ZnO/HNTs decreased to 3.12 eV,compared to 3.21 eV for pure ZnO.The observed removal rate(k_(obs))of TCH in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system was 1.90×10^(-2) min^(-1),significantly higher than the rates in the HNTs/vis(1.25×10^(-3)min^(-1))and ZnO/vis(1.13×10^(-2) min^(-1))systems.Additionally,ZnO/HNTs exhibited strong resistance to coexisting natural organic and inorganic matter,maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency in natural water samples.The ZnO/HNTs/vis system also effectively removed other common organic pollutants,such as ciprofloxacin and methylene blue.Cycle tests indicated that the ZnO/HNTs/vis system retained 65.57%of its original efficiency,demonstrating good reusability and versatility.Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments identified that h+was the primary species in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system,with other species playing auxiliary roles in TCH degradation.This study provides valuable insights into the design of novel ZnO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.展开更多
Piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging photocatalytic technology in which the piezoelectric electric field drives photogenerated carriers to separate,thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.Herein,s...Piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging photocatalytic technology in which the piezoelectric electric field drives photogenerated carriers to separate,thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.Herein,solid phase and one-step molten salt processes were used to prepare SrBi_(2)Nb_(2)O_(9)(SBN)powders with granular and sheet morphologies,respectively.The influence of micromorphology on the piezo-photocatalytic performances of SBN was determined by degrading ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP).SBN nanosheets demonstrate remarkable piezo-photocatalytic performance,achieving an 89.13%CIP degradation rate in 60 min and an apparent rate constant of 34.73×10^(-3) min^(-1).This performance is approximately 2.65 times higher than that of granular SBN and outperformed many recently reported piezo-photocatalysts under similar experimental conditions.Free radical trapping techniques,electron spin resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are utilized to study the potential paths and mechanisms of CIP degradation.Piezoresponse force microscopy and finite element simulation show that the piezo-response of SBN nanosheets is significantly higher than that of granular SBN.SBN nanosheets achieve high degradation efficiency due to their optimized conduction band positions and enhanced piezoelectric effect,facilitated by the two-dimensional nanosheet structures.In this work,the piezoelectric internal electric field of piezoelectric catalysts can be increased by tuning the catalyst morphology,which points to a possible direction for the production of high-performance piezoelectric catalysts.展开更多
High-throughput measurements of ciprofloxacin, clomipramine and fexofenadine hydrochlorides were performed by employing an automatic 8-channel electrical titrator. Silver nitrate （AgNO3） and sodium tetraphenylborate...High-throughput measurements of ciprofloxacin, clomipramine and fexofenadine hydrochlorides were performed by employing an automatic 8-channel electrical titrator. Silver nitrate （AgNO3） and sodium tetraphenylborate （NaTPB） were used as titrants. When AgNO3 was used for measuring the drugs in pure form, recoveries were 97.6%-102.0% with RSD values ≤1.0%; for measuring them in pharmaceutical formulations, recoveries were 96.6%-99.1% with RSD values ≤1.0%. Batch samples of eight could be measured simultaneously and maximally 30 measurements per minute could be completed. When NaTPB was used for measuring the drugs in pure form, the recoveries were 96.8%-102.6% with RSD values 〈0.8%; for measuring them in pharmaceutical formulations, the recoveries were 97.5%-102.7% with RSD values ≤0.9%. For all analyses, no auxiliary devices or chemicals were needed and there was no requirement for changing or cleaning working electrodes between measurements. The efficiency, accuracy and precision of the proposed method make it an alternative for routine quality control analyses.展开更多
The sinomenine hydrochloride （SH） patch, a topical drug delivery system, was prepared and characterized. The in vitro release was studied according to the paddle-over-disk method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacop...The sinomenine hydrochloride （SH） patch, a topical drug delivery system, was prepared and characterized. The in vitro release was studied according to the paddle-over-disk method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia （appendix XD, 2005）. Stability of SH patch was evaluated at accelerated testing conditions （40 ℃, 75% RH）. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetics study were also performed. It was found that the release of SH from patches depended on pH value of the release medium. There were no significant differences between SH patches stored for 6 mon and those stored for 0 mon in the drug content, initial adhesion, lasting stickiness, peeling strength and in vitro release. SH patches exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity as well as analgesic efficacy. More importantly, primary pharmacokinetic parameters of SH patch, such as Cmax and AUC, were much lower than those of SH solution dosed orally. In conclusion, the patch might be a promising delivery system for SH, which bypassed the gastrointestinal tract and was a convenient, efficacious, safe and non-invasive delivery method.展开更多
Aim To prepare the prolonged-released microspheres of mefformin hydrochloride. Methods Ion-exchange resin-drug mefformin hydrochloride complexes were prepared as core materials, and followed by coating using ethylcell...Aim To prepare the prolonged-released microspheres of mefformin hydrochloride. Methods Ion-exchange resin-drug mefformin hydrochloride complexes were prepared as core materials, and followed by coating using ethylcellulose （EC） by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The release rate of mefformin from the microcapsules was highly dependent on the encapsulating formulation, thus being used as an index for formulation screening. Orthogonal experiments were performed to optimize the coating formulation. Results The final chosen formulation for coating of mefformin microcapsules were as follows： （ 1 ） the ratio of EC （20cps） to EC （45cps） was 50：50; （2） the ratio of plasticizer to coating materials was 20% ;and （3） the ratio of resin-mefformin complexes to coating materials was 5 ： 1. Conclusion The prolonged release microspheres of mefformin hydrochloride were successfully prepared.展开更多
Dipivefrin hydrochloride ophthalmic gel was prepared and the release test and the isolated cornea permeation test of the formulation in vitro were investigated. The release test of the formulation was studied by using...Dipivefrin hydrochloride ophthalmic gel was prepared and the release test and the isolated cornea permeation test of the formulation in vitro were investigated. The release test of the formulation was studied by using permeable membrane. The content and the release amount of Dipivefrin hydrochloride from the gel base were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The cornea permeation test of the formulation was studied by using isolated rabbit corneas. The formulation release behavior in vitro followed the first-order kinetic equation. The release amount of Dipivefrin hydrochloride raised significantly with less polymer in the formulation. The cornea permeation behavior of the drug in vitro followed the first-order kinetic equation. The eye irritancy of Dipivefrin hydrochloride gel is lower than that of eyedrops.展开更多
Aim To investigate the relationship between pH environment of meptazinolhydrochloride (MEP) and its nasal absorption. Methods In situ nasal peifusion was performed to studythe effect of pH environment on the nasal abs...Aim To investigate the relationship between pH environment of meptazinolhydrochloride (MEP) and its nasal absorption. Methods In situ nasal peifusion was performed to studythe effect of pH environment on the nasal absorption. Its effect on the transport from nose tobrain was further researched by in vivo experiment. Results In in situ perfusion experiment, thenasal absorption of MEP in basic environment was significantly higher than that in acid condition,but the difference was not observed in in vivo experiment. Conclusion The pH environment ofmeptazinol hydrocloride in formulation cannot be regarded as an important factor influencing nasalabsorption and transport from nose to brain.展开更多
The diffusion coefficients of l-lysine hydrochloride and I-arginine hydrochloride in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by the metallic diaphragm cell method which is characterized by accuracy, promptness...The diffusion coefficients of l-lysine hydrochloride and I-arginine hydrochloride in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by the metallic diaphragm cell method which is characterized by accuracy, promptness and convenience. Meanwhile, the densities and viscosities of the solutions were also determined. Based on all these data a semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic salts in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ was proposed. The fitting result of this model is comparatively satisfactory. Compared to a former model, Gordon Model, this model can avoid a number of difficulties and arduous work.展开更多
The clinical pharmacokinetics of osmotic pump controlled release tablets of terazosin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers was studied.A sensitive and rapid HPLC method was used to determine the terazosin plasma concen...The clinical pharmacokinetics of osmotic pump controlled release tablets of terazosin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers was studied.A sensitive and rapid HPLC method was used to determine the terazosin plasma concentrations,and single and multiple doses of terazosin hydrochloride regular tablets（reference tablets）and osmotic pump controlled release tablets were orally administrated in randomized crossover design.The results showed that the C_（max）of the reference tablets after single oral dose（（120.56±23.15）ng/mL）in 20 healthy volunteers was significantly higher than that of controlled release tablets （（95.27±16.35）ng/mL）.The T_（max）of the controlled release tablets（（2.65±0.82）h）was significantly longer than that of reference tablets（（1.27±0.61）h）（P0.05）.The relative bioavailability of the controlled release tablets was found to be（105.85±6.12）%. The multiple oral dose pharmacokinetic parameters of the regular tablets and controlled release tablets were as follows：AUC_（SS） were（1275.17±175.35）and（1382.65±205.31）ng·h/mL respectively,C_（max）were（128.15±22.37）and（98.57±18.16）ng/mL respectively,T_（max）were（1.35±0.71）and（2.76±0.85）h respectively,C_（av）were（53.13±9.12）and（57.61±9.25）ng/mL respectively, and DF were（2.25±0.26）%and（1.62±0.25）%respectively.The relative bioavailability of the controlled release tablets to the reference tablets was（108.43±6.26）%.The controlled release tablet of terazosin hydrochloride was bioequivalent to the reference tablet.The controlled release tablet exhibited a sustained-release property with a significantly longer T_（max）and lower C_（max）.展开更多
To develop a fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of penehyclidine hydrochloride （PH） in beagle dog plasma. PH and diphenhydramine hydrochloride （internal standard...To develop a fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of penehyclidine hydrochloride （PH） in beagle dog plasma. PH and diphenhydramine hydrochloride （internal standard, IS） were extracted with a solvent mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl ether （7：3）. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 um） using the eluent of methanol-water （5 mmol/L ammonium acetate） （90：10, v/v, pH 5.8） as mobile phase. The electrospray ionization source was set at the positive multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. This method involved the use of the [M＋H]^＋ ions of PH and diphenhydramine hydrochloride at m/z 316.4- 128.2 and m/z 256.4-167.2. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1-1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988. The lower limit of quantification was 0.05 ng/mL. The precision, accuracy and recovery of the method were acceptable. Following intravenous injection admires＇ tration at doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg PH, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as the followings, t1/2a 0.33 h, t1/2β 2.44 1% tmax 0.058 1% AUC and Cmax exhibited a linear increase along with the increase of dose. The two-compartment model fit the three dose groups. This method was sensitive, accurate and fast for the determination of concentration of PH in beagle dog plasma. It could be used in pharmacokinetic studies of PH.展开更多
A rapid, accurate and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of bupropion hydrochloride in a new tablet formulation is described. Chromatographic separation of bupropion hydrochloride is achieved using a mobile p...A rapid, accurate and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of bupropion hydrochloride in a new tablet formulation is described. Chromatographic separation of bupropion hydrochloride is achieved using a mobile phase consisting of methanol -0.01 mol·L -1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (80:20, v/v, pH 4.8) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min -1 on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. Absorbance is monitored at 251 nm where bupropion hydrochloride has maximum absorption in the mobile phase. The linear range of determination for bupropion hydrochloride is between 2.12 and 21.2 μg·mL -1. The proposed method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantification and robustness, etc.展开更多
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of sodium oligomannate capsules combined with memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of moderate Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and analyze its impact on cognitive function.Methods:Eighty patients with moderate AD admitted to the neurology outpatient clinic of our hospital from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects and randomly divided into a study group and a control group,each with 40 patients.The control group was treated with oral memantine hydrochloride and donepezil hydrochloride,while the study group was additionally treated with oral sodium oligomannate capsules for 24 weeks.The scores of neuropsychological scales[Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)and Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)],and Activities of Daily Living(ADL)scale were compared before and after treatment.Additionally,the levels of homocysteine(Hcy),central nervous system-specific protein(S100-β),interleukin(IL)-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αwere measured in both groups,and the treatment effects and adverse reactions were compared.Results:After 24 weeks of treatment,the MMSE,MoCA,and ADL scores of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).Compared with the control group after 24 weeks of treatment,the study group had significantly higher MMSE,MoCA,and ADL scores(P<0.05),and significantly lower levels of Hcy,IL-6,and TNF-α(P<0.05).Both the study group and the control group showed reduced levels of Hcy,IL-6,and TNF-αafter 24 weeks of treatment compared to before(P<0.05),but there was no significant change in S100-βlevels(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combination of sodium oligomannate capsules,memantine hydrochloride,and donepezil hydrochloride is effective in the treatment of moderate AD.It can improve the cognitive function and daily living abilities of patients with dementia,enhancing their quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82204360(to HM)and 82270411(to GW)National Science and Technology Innovation 2030 Major Program,No.2021ZD0200900(to YL)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury involves complex pathophysiological mechanisms,among which oxidative stress significantly contributes to the occurrence of secondary injury.In this study,we evaluated hypidone hydrochloride(YL-0919),a self-developed antidepressant with selective sigma-1 receptor agonist properties,and its associated mechanisms and targets in traumatic brain injury.Behavioral experiments to assess functional deficits were followed by assessment of neuronal damage through histological analyses and examination of blood-brain barrier permeability and brain edema.Next,we investigated the antioxidative effects of YL-0919 by assessing the levels of traditional markers of oxidative stress in vivo in mice and in vitro in HT22 cells.Finally,the targeted action of YL-0919 was verified by employing a sigma-1 receptor antagonist(BD-1047).Our findings demonstrated that YL-0919 markedly improved deficits in motor function and spatial cognition on day 3 post traumatic brain injury,while also decreasing neuronal mortality and reversing blood-brain barrier disruption and brain edema.Furthermore,YL-0919 effectively combated oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro.The protective effects of YL-0919 were partially inhibited by BD-1047.These results indicated that YL-0919 relieved impairments in motor and spatial cognition by restraining oxidative stress,a neuroprotective effect that was partially reversed by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD-1047.YL-0919 may have potential as a new treatment for traumatic brain injury.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to prepare doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes and explore their application value in patients with liver cancer.Methods:Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were prepared using the ammonium sulfate gradient method.Doxorubicin,as a broad-spectrum antitumor drug,has significant toxic and side effects after toxicological investigation.After preparing DOX-Lip,single-factor analysis was used to analyze the effects of solution pH,number of ultrafiltration,oil-water ratio,incubation temperature,and time on the encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes.The process was optimized through orthogonal experiments and then applied clinically.110 patients with liver cancer were selected as the research subjects to verify the drug’s effectiveness.Results:The results of this study showed that under optimal process conditions,the prepared doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes were evenly distributed,similar to spherical shapes,with an average particle size of 85–87 mm and a Zeta potential of 15–16 mV,indicating good encapsulation efficiency.The application of these liposomes to clinical treatment of liver cancer demonstrated good therapeutic effects and could effectively promote favorable patient prognosis.Conclusion:The doxorubicin hydrochloride liposomes prepared through process optimization exhibit strong stability and pronounced sustained-release characteristics,providing a solid foundation for the treatment of liver cancer.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42207386,22378103,52372294,and 22262025)the Middle-aged and Young Teachers’Basic Ability Promotion Project of Guangxi(No.2021KY0390).
文摘Rational design of composite catalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer is of great significance to achieve efficient degradation of pollutants.Herein,CuInS_(2)nanoparticles are skillfully deposited on TiO_(2)nanofibers through a hydrothermal method.The formation of S-scheme heterojunction is confirmed through free radical trapping experiments,in‐situ irradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(ISI-XPS)measurements,density functional theory(DFT)calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy(fs-TAS)results.These results reveal that the built-in electric field within the S-scheme heterojunction significantly enhances charge separation and transfer,boosting the catalyst's redox capabilities.The TiO_(2)/CuInS_(2)photocatalyst exhibits superior photocatalytic performance,achieving a degradation rate of 89%within 21 min of light irradiation,which is almost 2.2 times higher than that of TiO_(2).Additionally,the degradation products of TCH are investigated using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC-MS),offering insights into the degradation pathway.This study highlights the potential advantage of ultrafast charge carrier transfer in S-scheme heterojunction,providing a promising strategy for designing high-efficiency photocatalytic systems for environmental remediation.The findings offer new directions for improving the degradation of persistent pollutants like tetracyclines.
基金The Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.SJCX24-2440)the 2021 Zhenjiang sixth“169 project”scientific research projectthe 2023 Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘In the present study,an extended-release(ER)suspension of guanfacine hydrochloride(GFN)was successfully formulated using a self-synthesized cation-exchange resin characterized by a narrow particle size distribution.The drug-resin complex was prepared through a static adsorption method,employing the resin as a pharmaceutical carrier.Subsequently,guanfacine hydrochloride-coated microcapsules(GFN-CM)were fabricated via an emulsion solvent evaporation technique to achieve sustained-release functionality.Characterization revealed that the in-house resin exhibited a smoother surface and a narrower size distribution(Span value:0.74)compared to the commercial counterpart,Amberlite®IRP69.In vitro release studies demonstrated that the GFN-CM followed a zero-order kinetic model over 10 h,with a cumulative drug release of 81.88%observed at 12 h.Furthermore,pharmacokinetic evaluation in New Zealand rabbits showed that the mean residence time(MRT0–24)of the GFN suspension extended from 7.619 to 8.336 h,displaying a more stable plasma concentration-time profile and an average relative bioavailability(Fr)of 111.36% compared to marketed ER GFN tablets.These findings highlighted the successful development of a novel cation exchange resin-based delivery system,offering a promising strategy for enhancing the performance of ER pharmaceutical formulations.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270149,51908528,2200013)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(No.242300421443)+1 种基金The Science and Technology Key Project of Henan Province,China(No.242102321073)Doctoral Fund Project of Henan University of Technology,China(Nos.2020BS005,2023BS004).
文摘The high band gap of zinc oxide(ZnO)has significantly limited its potential application for organic contaminant removal in photocatalysis.In this study,ZnO/halloysites(HNTs)composites(ZnO/HNTs)were prepared using a high-temperature calcination method to enhance the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride(TCH).The experimental results demonstrated that the band gap of ZnO/HNTs decreased to 3.12 eV,compared to 3.21 eV for pure ZnO.The observed removal rate(k_(obs))of TCH in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system was 1.90×10^(-2) min^(-1),significantly higher than the rates in the HNTs/vis(1.25×10^(-3)min^(-1))and ZnO/vis(1.13×10^(-2) min^(-1))systems.Additionally,ZnO/HNTs exhibited strong resistance to coexisting natural organic and inorganic matter,maintaining high pollutant removal efficiency in natural water samples.The ZnO/HNTs/vis system also effectively removed other common organic pollutants,such as ciprofloxacin and methylene blue.Cycle tests indicated that the ZnO/HNTs/vis system retained 65.57%of its original efficiency,demonstrating good reusability and versatility.Scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments identified that h+was the primary species in the ZnO/HNTs/vis system,with other species playing auxiliary roles in TCH degradation.This study provides valuable insights into the design of novel ZnO-based photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants in water.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272057)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515012129)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(202002030420).
文摘Piezo-photocatalysis is an emerging photocatalytic technology in which the piezoelectric electric field drives photogenerated carriers to separate,thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst.Herein,solid phase and one-step molten salt processes were used to prepare SrBi_(2)Nb_(2)O_(9)(SBN)powders with granular and sheet morphologies,respectively.The influence of micromorphology on the piezo-photocatalytic performances of SBN was determined by degrading ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CIP).SBN nanosheets demonstrate remarkable piezo-photocatalytic performance,achieving an 89.13%CIP degradation rate in 60 min and an apparent rate constant of 34.73×10^(-3) min^(-1).This performance is approximately 2.65 times higher than that of granular SBN and outperformed many recently reported piezo-photocatalysts under similar experimental conditions.Free radical trapping techniques,electron spin resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are utilized to study the potential paths and mechanisms of CIP degradation.Piezoresponse force microscopy and finite element simulation show that the piezo-response of SBN nanosheets is significantly higher than that of granular SBN.SBN nanosheets achieve high degradation efficiency due to their optimized conduction band positions and enhanced piezoelectric effect,facilitated by the two-dimensional nanosheet structures.In this work,the piezoelectric internal electric field of piezoelectric catalysts can be increased by tuning the catalyst morphology,which points to a possible direction for the production of high-performance piezoelectric catalysts.
基金supported by Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences(YSFRI-CAFS)(No.20603022016003)Import of International Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology Plan(948 Project)of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(No.2016-X28)+2 种基金Central Public Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,CAFS(No.2016RC-BR02)Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(No.2015ASKJ02-05)Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2016GSF120008)
文摘High-throughput measurements of ciprofloxacin, clomipramine and fexofenadine hydrochlorides were performed by employing an automatic 8-channel electrical titrator. Silver nitrate （AgNO3） and sodium tetraphenylborate （NaTPB） were used as titrants. When AgNO3 was used for measuring the drugs in pure form, recoveries were 97.6%-102.0% with RSD values ≤1.0%; for measuring them in pharmaceutical formulations, recoveries were 96.6%-99.1% with RSD values ≤1.0%. Batch samples of eight could be measured simultaneously and maximally 30 measurements per minute could be completed. When NaTPB was used for measuring the drugs in pure form, the recoveries were 96.8%-102.6% with RSD values 〈0.8%; for measuring them in pharmaceutical formulations, the recoveries were 97.5%-102.7% with RSD values ≤0.9%. For all analyses, no auxiliary devices or chemicals were needed and there was no requirement for changing or cleaning working electrodes between measurements. The efficiency, accuracy and precision of the proposed method make it an alternative for routine quality control analyses.
文摘The sinomenine hydrochloride （SH） patch, a topical drug delivery system, was prepared and characterized. The in vitro release was studied according to the paddle-over-disk method in the appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia （appendix XD, 2005）. Stability of SH patch was evaluated at accelerated testing conditions （40 ℃, 75% RH）. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetics study were also performed. It was found that the release of SH from patches depended on pH value of the release medium. There were no significant differences between SH patches stored for 6 mon and those stored for 0 mon in the drug content, initial adhesion, lasting stickiness, peeling strength and in vitro release. SH patches exhibited better anti-inflammatory activity as well as analgesic efficacy. More importantly, primary pharmacokinetic parameters of SH patch, such as Cmax and AUC, were much lower than those of SH solution dosed orally. In conclusion, the patch might be a promising delivery system for SH, which bypassed the gastrointestinal tract and was a convenient, efficacious, safe and non-invasive delivery method.
文摘Aim To prepare the prolonged-released microspheres of mefformin hydrochloride. Methods Ion-exchange resin-drug mefformin hydrochloride complexes were prepared as core materials, and followed by coating using ethylcellulose （EC） by the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The release rate of mefformin from the microcapsules was highly dependent on the encapsulating formulation, thus being used as an index for formulation screening. Orthogonal experiments were performed to optimize the coating formulation. Results The final chosen formulation for coating of mefformin microcapsules were as follows： （ 1 ） the ratio of EC （20cps） to EC （45cps） was 50：50; （2） the ratio of plasticizer to coating materials was 20% ;and （3） the ratio of resin-mefformin complexes to coating materials was 5 ： 1. Conclusion The prolonged release microspheres of mefformin hydrochloride were successfully prepared.
文摘Dipivefrin hydrochloride ophthalmic gel was prepared and the release test and the isolated cornea permeation test of the formulation in vitro were investigated. The release test of the formulation was studied by using permeable membrane. The content and the release amount of Dipivefrin hydrochloride from the gel base were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The cornea permeation test of the formulation was studied by using isolated rabbit corneas. The formulation release behavior in vitro followed the first-order kinetic equation. The release amount of Dipivefrin hydrochloride raised significantly with less polymer in the formulation. The cornea permeation behavior of the drug in vitro followed the first-order kinetic equation. The eye irritancy of Dipivefrin hydrochloride gel is lower than that of eyedrops.
文摘Aim To investigate the relationship between pH environment of meptazinolhydrochloride (MEP) and its nasal absorption. Methods In situ nasal peifusion was performed to studythe effect of pH environment on the nasal absorption. Its effect on the transport from nose tobrain was further researched by in vivo experiment. Results In in situ perfusion experiment, thenasal absorption of MEP in basic environment was significantly higher than that in acid condition,but the difference was not observed in in vivo experiment. Conclusion The pH environment ofmeptazinol hydrocloride in formulation cannot be regarded as an important factor influencing nasalabsorption and transport from nose to brain.
文摘The diffusion coefficients of l-lysine hydrochloride and I-arginine hydrochloride in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ were determined by the metallic diaphragm cell method which is characterized by accuracy, promptness and convenience. Meanwhile, the densities and viscosities of the solutions were also determined. Based on all these data a semi-empirical model for correlating the diffusion coefficients of solid organic salts in their aqueous solutions at 25℃ was proposed. The fitting result of this model is comparatively satisfactory. Compared to a former model, Gordon Model, this model can avoid a number of difficulties and arduous work.
文摘The clinical pharmacokinetics of osmotic pump controlled release tablets of terazosin hydrochloride in healthy volunteers was studied.A sensitive and rapid HPLC method was used to determine the terazosin plasma concentrations,and single and multiple doses of terazosin hydrochloride regular tablets（reference tablets）and osmotic pump controlled release tablets were orally administrated in randomized crossover design.The results showed that the C_（max）of the reference tablets after single oral dose（（120.56±23.15）ng/mL）in 20 healthy volunteers was significantly higher than that of controlled release tablets （（95.27±16.35）ng/mL）.The T_（max）of the controlled release tablets（（2.65±0.82）h）was significantly longer than that of reference tablets（（1.27±0.61）h）（P0.05）.The relative bioavailability of the controlled release tablets was found to be（105.85±6.12）%. The multiple oral dose pharmacokinetic parameters of the regular tablets and controlled release tablets were as follows：AUC_（SS） were（1275.17±175.35）and（1382.65±205.31）ng·h/mL respectively,C_（max）were（128.15±22.37）and（98.57±18.16）ng/mL respectively,T_（max）were（1.35±0.71）and（2.76±0.85）h respectively,C_（av）were（53.13±9.12）and（57.61±9.25）ng/mL respectively, and DF were（2.25±0.26）%and（1.62±0.25）%respectively.The relative bioavailability of the controlled release tablets to the reference tablets was（108.43±6.26）%.The controlled release tablet of terazosin hydrochloride was bioequivalent to the reference tablet.The controlled release tablet exhibited a sustained-release property with a significantly longer T_（max）and lower C_（max）.
文摘To develop a fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the determination of penehyclidine hydrochloride （PH） in beagle dog plasma. PH and diphenhydramine hydrochloride （internal standard, IS） were extracted with a solvent mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl ether （7：3）. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 um） using the eluent of methanol-water （5 mmol/L ammonium acetate） （90：10, v/v, pH 5.8） as mobile phase. The electrospray ionization source was set at the positive multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode. This method involved the use of the [M＋H]^＋ ions of PH and diphenhydramine hydrochloride at m/z 316.4- 128.2 and m/z 256.4-167.2. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 1-1000 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9988. The lower limit of quantification was 0.05 ng/mL. The precision, accuracy and recovery of the method were acceptable. Following intravenous injection admires＇ tration at doses of 0.5, 1 and 5 mg/kg PH, the main pharmacokinetic parameters were as the followings, t1/2a 0.33 h, t1/2β 2.44 1% tmax 0.058 1% AUC and Cmax exhibited a linear increase along with the increase of dose. The two-compartment model fit the three dose groups. This method was sensitive, accurate and fast for the determination of concentration of PH in beagle dog plasma. It could be used in pharmacokinetic studies of PH.
文摘A rapid, accurate and sensitive HPLC method for the determination of bupropion hydrochloride in a new tablet formulation is described. Chromatographic separation of bupropion hydrochloride is achieved using a mobile phase consisting of methanol -0.01 mol·L -1 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (80:20, v/v, pH 4.8) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min -1 on a Hypersil BDS C18 column. Absorbance is monitored at 251 nm where bupropion hydrochloride has maximum absorption in the mobile phase. The linear range of determination for bupropion hydrochloride is between 2.12 and 21.2 μg·mL -1. The proposed method was validated with respect to accuracy, precision, limits of detection and quantification and robustness, etc.
