This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recogni...This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.展开更多
Photothermoelectric(PTE)photodetectors with selfpowered and uncooled advantages have attracted much interest due to the wide application prospects in the military and civilian fields.However,traditional PTE photodetec...Photothermoelectric(PTE)photodetectors with selfpowered and uncooled advantages have attracted much interest due to the wide application prospects in the military and civilian fields.However,traditional PTE photodetectors lack of mechanical flexibility and cannot operate independently without the test instrument.Herein,we present a flexible PTE photodetector capable of dual-mode output,combining electrical and optical signal generation for enhanced functionality.Using solution processing,high-quality MXene thin films are assembled on asymmetric electrodes as the photosensitive layer.The geometrically asymmetric electrode design significantly enhances the responsivity,achieving 0.33 m A W^(-1)under infrared illumination,twice that of the symmetrical configuration.This improvement stems from optimized photothermal conversion and an expanded temperature gradient.The PTE device maintains stable performance after 300 bending cycles,demonstrating excellent flexibility.A new energy conversion pathway has been established by coupling the photothermal conversion of MXene with thermochromic composite materials,leading to a real-time visualization of invisible infrared radiation.Leveraging this functionality,we demonstrate the first human-machine collaborative infrared imaging system,wherein the dual-mode photodetector arrays synchronously generate human-readable pattern and machine-readable pattern.Our study not only provides a new solution for functional integration of flexible photodetectors,but also sets a new benchmark for human-machine collaborative optoelectronics.展开更多
The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradua...The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.展开更多
In the parallel steering coordination control strategy for path tracking,it is difficult to match the current driver steering model using the fixed parameters with the actual driver,and the designed steering coordinat...In the parallel steering coordination control strategy for path tracking,it is difficult to match the current driver steering model using the fixed parameters with the actual driver,and the designed steering coordination control strategy under a single objective and simple conditions is difficult to adapt to the multi-dimensional state variables’input.In this paper,we propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm-based multi-objective parallel human-machine steering coordination strategy for path tracking considering driver misoperation and external disturbance.Firstly,the driver steering mathematical model is constructed based on the driver preview characteristics and steering delay response,and the driver characteristic parameters are fitted after collecting the actual driver driving data.Secondly,considering that the vehicle is susceptible to the influence of external disturbances during the driving process,the Tube MPC(Tube Model Predictive Control)based path tracking steering controller is designed based on the vehicle system dynamics error model.After verifying that the driver steering model meets the driver steering operation characteristics,DQN(Deep Q-network),DDPG(Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)and TD3(Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)deep reinforcement learning algorithms are utilized to design a multi-objective parallel steering coordination strategy which satisfies the multi-dimensional state variables’input of the vehicle.Finally,the tracking accuracy,lateral safety,human-machine conflict and driver steering load evaluation index are designed in different driver operation states and different road environments,and the performance of the parallel steering coordination control strategies with different deep reinforcement learning algorithms and fuzzy algorithms are compared by simulations and hardware in the loop experiments.The results show that the parallel steering collaborative strategy based on a deep reinforcement learning algorithm can more effectively assist the driver in tracking the target path under lateral wind interference and driver misoperation,and the TD3-based coordination control strategy has better overall performance.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate how kindergarten teachers respond to peer conflicts among 3-year-olds,with the aim of identifying common patterns and distinguishing features in their interventions.The a...The objective of this study was to investigate how kindergarten teachers respond to peer conflicts among 3-year-olds,with the aim of identifying common patterns and distinguishing features in their interventions.The age of three is a unique transitional period when young children begin attending kindergarten as their first social setting.The study was conducted in Hangzhou in China,using a case study methodology and involved 10 teachers from eight different kindergarten settings and 157 three-year-old children in eight classes.The 120 observed record identified 214 peer conflicts,54%of which were caused by object and space disputes;18%by physical collisions;16%by verbal disputes among young children;12%by violations of discipline and rules.Participating kindergarten teachers’approaches for resolving peer conflicts illustrated in the case study included(1)perfunctory response;(2)simple suppression;(3)authoritative determinations;(4)scientific guidance;and(5)objective factors influencing teachers’involvement(e.g.,teacher child ratio;child characteristics;teacher child relationship;parent understanding and support;classroom management;inspection;co-teacher cooperation).Class size,curriculum,teacher-child connections,parental support,and teacher collaboration are some of the objective elements that affect kindergarten teacher participation,as are the professional attributes of teachers and their perspectives on education and children.Practical recommendations for kindergarten teachers’involvement in peer conflict among young children were given based on the research findings.展开更多
Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results ca...Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.展开更多
Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging communication means and creates extensive opportunities in interacting scenarios such as remote collaboration and metaverse.Human-machine interfaces(HMIs)play important roles in VR as...Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging communication means and creates extensive opportunities in interacting scenarios such as remote collaboration and metaverse.Human-machine interfaces(HMIs)play important roles in VR as they provide interaction platforms between users and virtual environments.However,traditional VR HMIs based on handheld devices or keyboards cannot recognize diverse three-dimensional(3D)gestures,which results in limited freedom of VR interactions.Here,we report a noncontact VR HMI enabled by an electret-nanofiber-based triboelectric sensor(ETS),which is fabricated by the electrospun polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane(PLA/TPU)electret nanofiber film.The nanofiber structure of PLA/TPU electret enhanced the charge retention ability of triboelectric sensor and thus significantly improved its signal strength and stability.Integrated with a deep learning-based multilayer perceptron neural network,the ETS realizes the recognition of 18 different types of 3D gestures with a high average accuracy of 97.3%.An intelligent noncontact VR interactive system based on the ETS is further developed,which is used to manipulate game characters for performing different actions by 3D gestures.Compared with traditional VR HMIs,the proposed VR HMI based on PLA/TPU electret nanofiber film can detect various 3D gestures and offers a superior interaction freedom.This work for the first time introduces the triboelectric 3D gesture recognition method to the VR HMIs,and could make the interaction between human and virtual environments become more efficient and fascinating.展开更多
The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflict...The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step by step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and internment procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.展开更多
Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanoge nerator(TENG)has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices.However,its low performance,poor stability,insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriousl...Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanoge nerator(TENG)has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices.However,its low performance,poor stability,insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriously hinder its development.Herein,we report a robust route to a liquid metal(LM)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel-based TENG(LP-TENG).Owing to the intrinsically liquid feature of conductive LM within the flexible PVA hydrogel,the as-prepared LP-TENG exhibited comprehensiye advantages of adaptability,biocompatibility,outstanding electrical performance,superior stability,recyclability and diverse applications,which were unattainable by traditional systems.Concretely,the LP-TENG delivered appealing open circuit voltage of 250 V,short circuit current of 4μA and transferred charge of 120 nC with high stability,outperforming most advanced TENG systems.The LP-TENG was successfully employed for versatile applications with multifunctionality,including human motion detection,handwriting recognition,energy collection,message transmission and human-machine interaction.This work presents significant prospects for crafting advanced materials and devices in the fields of wearable electronics,flexible skin and smart robots.展开更多
The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting sy...The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting systems stand out as the most crucial.However,despite their high degree of automation,the workload for operators has intensified owing to the surging volume of express items.In the era of Industry 5.0,it is imperative to adopt new technologies that not only enhance worker welfare but also improve the efficiency of cross-belt systems.Striking a balance between efficiency in handling express items and operator well-being is challenging.Digital twin technology offers a promising solution in this respect.A realization method of a human-machine integrated digital twin is proposed in this study,enabling the interaction of biological human bodies,virtual human bodies,virtual equipment,and logistics equipment in a closed loop,thus setting an operating framework.Key technologies in the proposed framework include a collection of heterogeneous data from multiple sources,construction of the relationship between operator fatigue and operation efficiency based on physiological measurements,virtual model construction,and an online optimization module based on real-time simulation.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified in an express distribution center.展开更多
Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existe...Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.展开更多
Aim: To investigate depression, anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia levels among Sudanese citizens after a year has passed since the start of Armed Forces conflict in Sudan. Methods: An online survey was distributed. It is co...Aim: To investigate depression, anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia levels among Sudanese citizens after a year has passed since the start of Armed Forces conflict in Sudan. Methods: An online survey was distributed. It is composed of five parts, covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data;2) depression assessment;3) generalized anxiety disorder assessment;4) post-traumatic stress disorder assessment;and 5) insomnia assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Chi-square test were used for correlation and association analysis;a P-value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 283 participants, primarily female (76.0%), with a mean age of 35.26 ± 6.96 years. The majority of participants were married (50.5%) and had a university level of education (50.2%). At the start of the war, 70.3% of participants were inside the war zones, and at the time of data collection, 73.5% were outside Sudan. The length of stay in the war zone ranged from 1 to 300 days, with a mean of 48.59 ± 70.284 days. Additionally, 63.3% of participants stated that they did not receive any form of mental health intervention, and the remaining did not provide an answer. There was a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression (50.5%), moderate anxiety (35.3%), PTSD (56.5%), and sub-threshold insomnia (53.4%) among the participants. Correlation analyses revealed associations between demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, and education and mental health issues. Notably, female participants showed a higher prevalence of PTSD (53.0%) compared to male participants (67.6%). Conclusions: There is a substantial impact of war-related trauma on mental health, revealing a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression, moderate anxiety, PTSD, and sub-threshold insomnia among the participants. This emphasizes the importance of tailored interventions and support systems to address the unique needs of individuals affected by war trauma.展开更多
Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values...Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values or make ethical decisions,they may not meet the expectations of humans.Traditionally,an ethical decision-making framework is constructed by rule-based or statistical approaches.In this paper,we propose an ethical decision-making framework based on incremental ILP(Inductive Logic Programming),which can overcome the brittleness of rule-based approaches and little interpretability of statistical approaches.As the current incremental ILP makes it difficult to solve conflicts,we propose a novel ethical decision-making framework considering conflicts in this paper,which adopts our proposed incremental ILP system.The framework consists of two processes:the learning process and the deduction process.The first process records bottom clauses with their score functions and learns rules guided by the entailment and the score function.The second process obtains an ethical decision based on the rules.In an ethical scenario about chatbots for teenagers’mental health,we verify that our framework can learn ethical rules and make ethical decisions.Besides,we extract incremental ILP from the framework and compare it with the state-of-the-art ILP systems based on ASP(Answer Set Programming)focusing on conflict resolution.The results of comparisons show that our proposed system can generate better-quality rules than most other systems.展开更多
The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have...The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have access to certain natural resources. The aim of this study is to characterise the human-wildlife conflicts that occur around the KBNP, especially with regard to primates. Surveys were carried out in 260 households selected using the snowball method. The results showed that human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP are characterised by the destruction of crops in riparian fields by monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas, the destruction of houses, physical attacks and zoonoses. Despite the conservation and protection measures for wildlife and local populations put in place by the Park’s managers, conflicts between local populations and the Park’s wild animals are still visible. These conflicts lead to the detention of wild animals by local people roaming in the villages and to poaching on the Park’s boundaries. The weakness of the community management policy on the part of the park managers and the resentment of the indigenous peoples towards the restriction of their access to natural resources are the major constraints on the sustainable management of conflicts between the local populations and the wild animals in the KBNP. The strategies for the sustainable resolution of human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP must be geared towards and integrated into a community conservation approach.展开更多
As the Internet of Things advances,gesture recognition emerges as a prominent domain in human-machine interaction(HMI).However,interactive wearables based on conductive hydrogels for individuals with single-arm functi...As the Internet of Things advances,gesture recognition emerges as a prominent domain in human-machine interaction(HMI).However,interactive wearables based on conductive hydrogels for individuals with single-arm functionality or disabilities remain underexplored.Here,we devised a wearable one-handed keyboard with gesture recognition,employing machine learning algorithms and hydrogel-based mechanical sensors to boost productivity.PCG(PAM/CMC/rGO)hydrogels are composed of polyacrylamide(PAM),sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and reduced graphene oxide(rGO),which function as a strain,pressure sensor,and electrode material.The PAM chains offer the gel’s elasticity by covalent cross-linking,while the biocompatible CMC improves the dispersion of rGO and promotes electromechanical properties.Integrating rGO sheets into the polymer matrix facilitates cross-linking and generates supple-mentary conductive pathways,thereby augmenting the gel system’s elasticity,sensitivity,and durability.Our hydrogel sensors include high sensitivity(gage factor(GF)=8.18,395.6%-551.96%)and superior pressure sensing capabilities(Sensitivity(S)=0.3116 kPa^(-1),0-9.82 kPa).Furthermore,we developed a wearable keyboard with up to 98.13%accuracy using convolutional neural networks and a custom data acquisition system.This study establishes the groundwork for creating multifunctional gel sensors for intelligent machines,wearable devices,and brain-computer interfaces.展开更多
The article examines the concept of intrapersonal conflict,the ravaging wars within oneself,that which is truly deeper than indecisiveness,what is responsible for inner conflict,its origin,the consequences,and how to ...The article examines the concept of intrapersonal conflict,the ravaging wars within oneself,that which is truly deeper than indecisiveness,what is responsible for inner conflict,its origin,the consequences,and how to avoid it.It employs Dul Johnsons’“In the Jaws of Love”in his Why Women Won’t Make It to Heaven.The theory for the investigation is sociological theory which articulates the inevitable relationship between literature and society.The inquiry unearths that an individuals’attempt to satisfy the needs of one’s environment at the expense of sound reasoning,the individual’s inability to find a balance between the individual’s head and heart,and being religious are detrimental to one’s wellbeing.It creates intrapersonal conflict which is indeed destructive.The paper resolves that people should be able to tell themselves the truth,recognise and accept same,even if it comes from one with whom they disagree.It also explicates that people should not depend on religious and secular leader or people to take decisions for them,and that living in fear is devastating among other things.展开更多
Wherever people live together in or near homelands that harbour joint natural resources such as forest, water, minerals, oil etc., they must collaborate, co-exist and share these resources irrespective of their geneti...Wherever people live together in or near homelands that harbour joint natural resources such as forest, water, minerals, oil etc., they must collaborate, co-exist and share these resources irrespective of their genetic, social, cultural, and political peculiarities. This is not always the case when self-interest, ethnic divisions, elitist politics, economic interest and power tussle set in. The Nso and Oku people who reside in the Ngongbaa Forest area constitute an example of joint management of resources where at one period, their relationship over the management of the Oku Mountain Forest was cordial and at another, the relationship became conflictive. This study was designed to study the influence of the KIFP forest management policies on the Nso indigenous forest Management system in Ngongbaa Forest, and its implications. The data collected for the study was secured through the administration of a questionnaire to residents of 10 villages adjacent to the Ngongbaa Forest, and forest users who carried out livelihood activities there between 1963 and 2015. These forest user groups include beekeepers, rat trappers, grazers, mushroom gatherers, ground honey/tree honey harvesters, carvers, etc. The investigation also extended to the traditional leaders of Nso and Oku who are in charge of the land tenure systems. The findings show that the Oku Mountain Forest is jointly owned by the Nso and Oku people. The Nso own the eastern half of the forest known as Ngongbaa Forest while the Oku own the western half, known as the Kilum Forest. The cordial relationship that existed between these people ensured the conservation of the forest. But the conflicts that later set in, especially due to the creation of the Kilum Mountain Forest Project in 1987 later changed to the Kilum Ijim Forest Project (KIFP) in 1992 sidelined the local communities which was contrary to the dispositions of the new Cameroon forest law enacted in 1994. Thus, the indigenous conservation practices became ignored which the local population never digested well. This seriously jeopardized the wellbeing of the forest in general.展开更多
This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilit...This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.展开更多
Science fiction takes many forms, including academic work that calls on readers to think about social and cultural problems. This paper takes a piece of science fiction, Kirinyaga: A Fable of Utopia, as an example and...Science fiction takes many forms, including academic work that calls on readers to think about social and cultural problems. This paper takes a piece of science fiction, Kirinyaga: A Fable of Utopia, as an example and discusses the conflicts among globalization, modernization and tradition present in the text, thus highlighting the academic meaning of science fiction as a literary form.展开更多
This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that ...This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.展开更多
文摘This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xxj022019009)。
文摘Photothermoelectric(PTE)photodetectors with selfpowered and uncooled advantages have attracted much interest due to the wide application prospects in the military and civilian fields.However,traditional PTE photodetectors lack of mechanical flexibility and cannot operate independently without the test instrument.Herein,we present a flexible PTE photodetector capable of dual-mode output,combining electrical and optical signal generation for enhanced functionality.Using solution processing,high-quality MXene thin films are assembled on asymmetric electrodes as the photosensitive layer.The geometrically asymmetric electrode design significantly enhances the responsivity,achieving 0.33 m A W^(-1)under infrared illumination,twice that of the symmetrical configuration.This improvement stems from optimized photothermal conversion and an expanded temperature gradient.The PTE device maintains stable performance after 300 bending cycles,demonstrating excellent flexibility.A new energy conversion pathway has been established by coupling the photothermal conversion of MXene with thermochromic composite materials,leading to a real-time visualization of invisible infrared radiation.Leveraging this functionality,we demonstrate the first human-machine collaborative infrared imaging system,wherein the dual-mode photodetector arrays synchronously generate human-readable pattern and machine-readable pattern.Our study not only provides a new solution for functional integration of flexible photodetectors,but also sets a new benchmark for human-machine collaborative optoelectronics.
文摘The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22A20246,52372382)Hefei Municipal Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2022008)+1 种基金the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures(Grant No.KF2023-06)S&T Program of Hebei(Grant No.225676162GH).
文摘In the parallel steering coordination control strategy for path tracking,it is difficult to match the current driver steering model using the fixed parameters with the actual driver,and the designed steering coordination control strategy under a single objective and simple conditions is difficult to adapt to the multi-dimensional state variables’input.In this paper,we propose a deep reinforcement learning algorithm-based multi-objective parallel human-machine steering coordination strategy for path tracking considering driver misoperation and external disturbance.Firstly,the driver steering mathematical model is constructed based on the driver preview characteristics and steering delay response,and the driver characteristic parameters are fitted after collecting the actual driver driving data.Secondly,considering that the vehicle is susceptible to the influence of external disturbances during the driving process,the Tube MPC(Tube Model Predictive Control)based path tracking steering controller is designed based on the vehicle system dynamics error model.After verifying that the driver steering model meets the driver steering operation characteristics,DQN(Deep Q-network),DDPG(Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)and TD3(Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient)deep reinforcement learning algorithms are utilized to design a multi-objective parallel steering coordination strategy which satisfies the multi-dimensional state variables’input of the vehicle.Finally,the tracking accuracy,lateral safety,human-machine conflict and driver steering load evaluation index are designed in different driver operation states and different road environments,and the performance of the parallel steering coordination control strategies with different deep reinforcement learning algorithms and fuzzy algorithms are compared by simulations and hardware in the loop experiments.The results show that the parallel steering collaborative strategy based on a deep reinforcement learning algorithm can more effectively assist the driver in tracking the target path under lateral wind interference and driver misoperation,and the TD3-based coordination control strategy has better overall performance.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate how kindergarten teachers respond to peer conflicts among 3-year-olds,with the aim of identifying common patterns and distinguishing features in their interventions.The age of three is a unique transitional period when young children begin attending kindergarten as their first social setting.The study was conducted in Hangzhou in China,using a case study methodology and involved 10 teachers from eight different kindergarten settings and 157 three-year-old children in eight classes.The 120 observed record identified 214 peer conflicts,54%of which were caused by object and space disputes;18%by physical collisions;16%by verbal disputes among young children;12%by violations of discipline and rules.Participating kindergarten teachers’approaches for resolving peer conflicts illustrated in the case study included(1)perfunctory response;(2)simple suppression;(3)authoritative determinations;(4)scientific guidance;and(5)objective factors influencing teachers’involvement(e.g.,teacher child ratio;child characteristics;teacher child relationship;parent understanding and support;classroom management;inspection;co-teacher cooperation).Class size,curriculum,teacher-child connections,parental support,and teacher collaboration are some of the objective elements that affect kindergarten teacher participation,as are the professional attributes of teachers and their perspectives on education and children.Practical recommendations for kindergarten teachers’involvement in peer conflict among young children were given based on the research findings.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3081200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077264)the Scientific Research Project of PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited(HDEC-2022-0301).
文摘Rock discontinuities control rock mechanical behaviors and significantly influence the stability of rock masses.However,existing discontinuity mapping algorithms are susceptible to noise,and the calculation results cannot be fed back to users timely.To address this issue,we proposed a human-machine interaction(HMI)method for discontinuity mapping.Users can help the algorithm identify the noise and make real-time result judgments and parameter adjustments.For this,a regular cube was selected to illustrate the workflows:(1)point cloud was acquired using remote sensing;(2)the HMI method was employed to select reference points and angle thresholds to detect group discontinuity;(3)individual discontinuities were extracted from the group discontinuity using a density-based cluster algorithm;and(4)the orientation of each discontinuity was measured based on a plane fitting algorithm.The method was applied to a well-studied highway road cut and a complex natural slope.The consistency of the computational results with field measurements demonstrates its good accuracy,and the average error in the dip direction and dip angle for both cases was less than 3.Finally,the computational time of the proposed method was compared with two other popular algorithms,and the reduction in computational time by tens of times proves its high computational efficiency.This method provides geologists and geological engineers with a new idea to map rapidly and accurately rock structures under large amounts of noises or unclear features.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52303112)the Henan Province Science and Technology Research and Development Program Joint Fund Advantageous Discipline Cultivation Project(No.232301420033)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0281 and 2023M733213)the Key R&D and Promotion Special(Scientific Problem Tackling)Project of Henan Province(No.242102231014).
文摘Virtual reality(VR)is an emerging communication means and creates extensive opportunities in interacting scenarios such as remote collaboration and metaverse.Human-machine interfaces(HMIs)play important roles in VR as they provide interaction platforms between users and virtual environments.However,traditional VR HMIs based on handheld devices or keyboards cannot recognize diverse three-dimensional(3D)gestures,which results in limited freedom of VR interactions.Here,we report a noncontact VR HMI enabled by an electret-nanofiber-based triboelectric sensor(ETS),which is fabricated by the electrospun polylactic acid/thermoplastic polyurethane(PLA/TPU)electret nanofiber film.The nanofiber structure of PLA/TPU electret enhanced the charge retention ability of triboelectric sensor and thus significantly improved its signal strength and stability.Integrated with a deep learning-based multilayer perceptron neural network,the ETS realizes the recognition of 18 different types of 3D gestures with a high average accuracy of 97.3%.An intelligent noncontact VR interactive system based on the ETS is further developed,which is used to manipulate game characters for performing different actions by 3D gestures.Compared with traditional VR HMIs,the proposed VR HMI based on PLA/TPU electret nanofiber film can detect various 3D gestures and offers a superior interaction freedom.This work for the first time introduces the triboelectric 3D gesture recognition method to the VR HMIs,and could make the interaction between human and virtual environments become more efficient and fascinating.
文摘The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step by step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and internment procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22109120,62104170 and 82202757)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LQ21B030002 and LY23F040001)。
文摘Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanoge nerator(TENG)has a promising applied prospect in wearable electronic devices.However,its low performance,poor stability,insufficient recyclability and inferior self-healing seriously hinder its development.Herein,we report a robust route to a liquid metal(LM)/polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)hydrogel-based TENG(LP-TENG).Owing to the intrinsically liquid feature of conductive LM within the flexible PVA hydrogel,the as-prepared LP-TENG exhibited comprehensiye advantages of adaptability,biocompatibility,outstanding electrical performance,superior stability,recyclability and diverse applications,which were unattainable by traditional systems.Concretely,the LP-TENG delivered appealing open circuit voltage of 250 V,short circuit current of 4μA and transferred charge of 120 nC with high stability,outperforming most advanced TENG systems.The LP-TENG was successfully employed for versatile applications with multifunctionality,including human motion detection,handwriting recognition,energy collection,message transmission and human-machine interaction.This work presents significant prospects for crafting advanced materials and devices in the fields of wearable electronics,flexible skin and smart robots.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52075036)Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3302204).
文摘The Chinese express delivery industry processes nearly 110 billion items in 2022,averaging an annual growth rate of 200%.Among the various types of sorting systems used for handling express items,cross-belt sorting systems stand out as the most crucial.However,despite their high degree of automation,the workload for operators has intensified owing to the surging volume of express items.In the era of Industry 5.0,it is imperative to adopt new technologies that not only enhance worker welfare but also improve the efficiency of cross-belt systems.Striking a balance between efficiency in handling express items and operator well-being is challenging.Digital twin technology offers a promising solution in this respect.A realization method of a human-machine integrated digital twin is proposed in this study,enabling the interaction of biological human bodies,virtual human bodies,virtual equipment,and logistics equipment in a closed loop,thus setting an operating framework.Key technologies in the proposed framework include a collection of heterogeneous data from multiple sources,construction of the relationship between operator fatigue and operation efficiency based on physiological measurements,virtual model construction,and an online optimization module based on real-time simulation.The feasibility of the proposed method was verified in an express distribution center.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101264,42101200)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(GZC20233314)+1 种基金the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,China(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0811)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2023CDSKXYGG006,2024CDJXY014).
文摘Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.
文摘Aim: To investigate depression, anxiety, PTSD, and insomnia levels among Sudanese citizens after a year has passed since the start of Armed Forces conflict in Sudan. Methods: An online survey was distributed. It is composed of five parts, covering the following areas: 1) sociodemographic data;2) depression assessment;3) generalized anxiety disorder assessment;4) post-traumatic stress disorder assessment;and 5) insomnia assessment. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27 was used for data analysis;frequency and percentage were used to describe the qualitative variables. Spearman’s correlation analysis and Chi-square test were used for correlation and association analysis;a P-value equal to or less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study included 283 participants, primarily female (76.0%), with a mean age of 35.26 ± 6.96 years. The majority of participants were married (50.5%) and had a university level of education (50.2%). At the start of the war, 70.3% of participants were inside the war zones, and at the time of data collection, 73.5% were outside Sudan. The length of stay in the war zone ranged from 1 to 300 days, with a mean of 48.59 ± 70.284 days. Additionally, 63.3% of participants stated that they did not receive any form of mental health intervention, and the remaining did not provide an answer. There was a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression (50.5%), moderate anxiety (35.3%), PTSD (56.5%), and sub-threshold insomnia (53.4%) among the participants. Correlation analyses revealed associations between demographic factors such as sex, age, marital status, and education and mental health issues. Notably, female participants showed a higher prevalence of PTSD (53.0%) compared to male participants (67.6%). Conclusions: There is a substantial impact of war-related trauma on mental health, revealing a high prevalence of moderate-severe depression, moderate anxiety, PTSD, and sub-threshold insomnia among the participants. This emphasizes the importance of tailored interventions and support systems to address the unique needs of individuals affected by war trauma.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos.U22A2099,61966009,62006057the Graduate Innovation Program No.YCSW2022286.
文摘Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values or make ethical decisions,they may not meet the expectations of humans.Traditionally,an ethical decision-making framework is constructed by rule-based or statistical approaches.In this paper,we propose an ethical decision-making framework based on incremental ILP(Inductive Logic Programming),which can overcome the brittleness of rule-based approaches and little interpretability of statistical approaches.As the current incremental ILP makes it difficult to solve conflicts,we propose a novel ethical decision-making framework considering conflicts in this paper,which adopts our proposed incremental ILP system.The framework consists of two processes:the learning process and the deduction process.The first process records bottom clauses with their score functions and learns rules guided by the entailment and the score function.The second process obtains an ethical decision based on the rules.In an ethical scenario about chatbots for teenagers’mental health,we verify that our framework can learn ethical rules and make ethical decisions.Besides,we extract incremental ILP from the framework and compare it with the state-of-the-art ILP systems based on ASP(Answer Set Programming)focusing on conflict resolution.The results of comparisons show that our proposed system can generate better-quality rules than most other systems.
文摘The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have access to certain natural resources. The aim of this study is to characterise the human-wildlife conflicts that occur around the KBNP, especially with regard to primates. Surveys were carried out in 260 households selected using the snowball method. The results showed that human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP are characterised by the destruction of crops in riparian fields by monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas, the destruction of houses, physical attacks and zoonoses. Despite the conservation and protection measures for wildlife and local populations put in place by the Park’s managers, conflicts between local populations and the Park’s wild animals are still visible. These conflicts lead to the detention of wild animals by local people roaming in the villages and to poaching on the Park’s boundaries. The weakness of the community management policy on the part of the park managers and the resentment of the indigenous peoples towards the restriction of their access to natural resources are the major constraints on the sustainable management of conflicts between the local populations and the wild animals in the KBNP. The strategies for the sustainable resolution of human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP must be geared towards and integrated into a community conservation approach.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022BG011)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.2020CDJ-LHZZ-077)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.c stc2020jcyj-msxmX0397)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.00007717).
文摘As the Internet of Things advances,gesture recognition emerges as a prominent domain in human-machine interaction(HMI).However,interactive wearables based on conductive hydrogels for individuals with single-arm functionality or disabilities remain underexplored.Here,we devised a wearable one-handed keyboard with gesture recognition,employing machine learning algorithms and hydrogel-based mechanical sensors to boost productivity.PCG(PAM/CMC/rGO)hydrogels are composed of polyacrylamide(PAM),sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),and reduced graphene oxide(rGO),which function as a strain,pressure sensor,and electrode material.The PAM chains offer the gel’s elasticity by covalent cross-linking,while the biocompatible CMC improves the dispersion of rGO and promotes electromechanical properties.Integrating rGO sheets into the polymer matrix facilitates cross-linking and generates supple-mentary conductive pathways,thereby augmenting the gel system’s elasticity,sensitivity,and durability.Our hydrogel sensors include high sensitivity(gage factor(GF)=8.18,395.6%-551.96%)and superior pressure sensing capabilities(Sensitivity(S)=0.3116 kPa^(-1),0-9.82 kPa).Furthermore,we developed a wearable keyboard with up to 98.13%accuracy using convolutional neural networks and a custom data acquisition system.This study establishes the groundwork for creating multifunctional gel sensors for intelligent machines,wearable devices,and brain-computer interfaces.
文摘The article examines the concept of intrapersonal conflict,the ravaging wars within oneself,that which is truly deeper than indecisiveness,what is responsible for inner conflict,its origin,the consequences,and how to avoid it.It employs Dul Johnsons’“In the Jaws of Love”in his Why Women Won’t Make It to Heaven.The theory for the investigation is sociological theory which articulates the inevitable relationship between literature and society.The inquiry unearths that an individuals’attempt to satisfy the needs of one’s environment at the expense of sound reasoning,the individual’s inability to find a balance between the individual’s head and heart,and being religious are detrimental to one’s wellbeing.It creates intrapersonal conflict which is indeed destructive.The paper resolves that people should be able to tell themselves the truth,recognise and accept same,even if it comes from one with whom they disagree.It also explicates that people should not depend on religious and secular leader or people to take decisions for them,and that living in fear is devastating among other things.
文摘Wherever people live together in or near homelands that harbour joint natural resources such as forest, water, minerals, oil etc., they must collaborate, co-exist and share these resources irrespective of their genetic, social, cultural, and political peculiarities. This is not always the case when self-interest, ethnic divisions, elitist politics, economic interest and power tussle set in. The Nso and Oku people who reside in the Ngongbaa Forest area constitute an example of joint management of resources where at one period, their relationship over the management of the Oku Mountain Forest was cordial and at another, the relationship became conflictive. This study was designed to study the influence of the KIFP forest management policies on the Nso indigenous forest Management system in Ngongbaa Forest, and its implications. The data collected for the study was secured through the administration of a questionnaire to residents of 10 villages adjacent to the Ngongbaa Forest, and forest users who carried out livelihood activities there between 1963 and 2015. These forest user groups include beekeepers, rat trappers, grazers, mushroom gatherers, ground honey/tree honey harvesters, carvers, etc. The investigation also extended to the traditional leaders of Nso and Oku who are in charge of the land tenure systems. The findings show that the Oku Mountain Forest is jointly owned by the Nso and Oku people. The Nso own the eastern half of the forest known as Ngongbaa Forest while the Oku own the western half, known as the Kilum Forest. The cordial relationship that existed between these people ensured the conservation of the forest. But the conflicts that later set in, especially due to the creation of the Kilum Mountain Forest Project in 1987 later changed to the Kilum Ijim Forest Project (KIFP) in 1992 sidelined the local communities which was contrary to the dispositions of the new Cameroon forest law enacted in 1994. Thus, the indigenous conservation practices became ignored which the local population never digested well. This seriously jeopardized the wellbeing of the forest in general.
文摘This paper analyzes neighborhood conflicts arising from the condominium property regime,under which social housing promoted by Mexican government institutions and private developers is acquired.This regime has facilitated access to housing for the salaried population,but it is far from contributing to the attainment of the right to housing.The research takes as case studies housing complexes located in the city of Tijuana,Baja California,Mexico.The analysis included a mixed methodology.Firstly,similar case studies were analyzed;secondly,a review of the Condominium Property Regime Law was carried out in order to understand its implications.In view of the pandemic situation,a virtual survey was applied to the inhabitants of these areas,as well as interviews with presidents of neighborhood committees of these complexes.From the above,it was found that this form of ownership generates conflicts,reflected in the dissatisfaction of the inhabitants with their housing,disagreements and controversies in their organization and coexistence.The inhabitants have to collectively solve the problems they face,related to the maintenance and use of common areas,insecurity,and cleanliness,among others.In addition,there is a lack of support from local authorities.With this,it is concluded that although the inhabitants have a space that solves their housing problem,it does not manage to be a space that adequately guarantees their right to housing.
文摘Science fiction takes many forms, including academic work that calls on readers to think about social and cultural problems. This paper takes a piece of science fiction, Kirinyaga: A Fable of Utopia, as an example and discusses the conflicts among globalization, modernization and tradition present in the text, thus highlighting the academic meaning of science fiction as a literary form.
文摘This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.
