China’s coupled human-environment system(CHES) is assessed here via a systems schema that emphasizes the complex interactions of components and their attributes. In addition to the human and environment components, w...China’s coupled human-environment system(CHES) is assessed here via a systems schema that emphasizes the complex interactions of components and their attributes. In addition to the human and environment components, we identified two other components to evaluate the relationship. The four components are human activity intensity, resource carrying capacity, ecological constraints and system’s openness. Based on their interactions, we derived a cognitive schema for classifying the level of strain or stress of an area. The analysis draws on 11 indicators and 29 sub-indicators including remote sensing data and statistical data that are used to estimate the four components. The findings indicate that human activities are highly intense in a few geographical areas, particularly large urban systems and trade and investment zones on the eastern coastal areas. Nonetheless, these areas are also well-endowed in water resources and fertile soils although urban systems are increasingly stressed from negative pollution externalities. They are also open systems which allow them to bear a higher level of pressure and adjust accordingly. Desertification and soil erosion point to relatively fragile biophysical systems in the west and southwest, but human activities are still relatively less intense compared to their coastal counterparts. As a whole, only 14% of areas may be said to be relatively or highly strained. This however belies another one-third of areas that are currently unstable, and likely to become strained and thereby vulnerable in the near future.展开更多
The study of human-environment relationships in mountain areas is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, as many mountain areas suffer similar problems, such as depopulation, unemployment and natural ha...The study of human-environment relationships in mountain areas is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, as many mountain areas suffer similar problems, such as depopulation, unemployment and natural hazards. Medium mountains constitute a special case within mountains, because they are more populated but less attractive as tourist destinations than high mountains. In this context, the Apuseni Mts （Romania） are considered as a ease study. In this paper, we apply GIS-based, quantitative methods to characterize the strength and dynamics of human-environment interactions, taking into consideration some environmental factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance, lithology, land cover, natural attractions） as well as historical population and recent tourism data. We found that population density has strong （r2〉0.8） relationships with all relief factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance）, and that best-fit functions are nonlinear. We outlined the varying demographic scenarios by elevation zones and interpreted the historically switching sign of population change versus elevation relationship. We demonstrated that lithology also has an impact on the spatial distribution of population, although it is not independent from the relief effect. The land cover of the mainly cultural landscape is very strongly correlated with relief parameters （especially slope）, which suggests good adaptation. We pointed out the dominance of karst objects in the natural tourism potential of the Apuseni Mts and also explored further components of real tourism （spas, heritage, towns）. Finally, we concluded that the environmental settings investigated do in fact constrain the spatial framework of society, but soeio-economic changes in history can be explained from the side of society, which conforms to the theory of cultural possibilism.展开更多
Symmetrical relationships between humans and their environment have been referred to as an extension of symmetries in the human geographical system and have drawn great attention.This paper explored the symmetry betwe...Symmetrical relationships between humans and their environment have been referred to as an extension of symmetries in the human geographical system and have drawn great attention.This paper explored the symmetry between physical and human systems through fractal analysis of the road and drainage networks in Wuling mountainous area.We found that both the road and drainage networks reflect weak clustering distributions.The evolution of the road network shared a significant self-organizing composition,while the drainage network showed obvious double fraetal characteristics.The geometric fractal dimension of the road network was larger than that of the drainage network.In addition,when assigned a weight relating to hierarchy or length,neither the road network nor drainage network showed a fractal property.These findings indicated that the fractal evolution of the road network shared certain similarities with fractal distribution of the drainage network.The symmetry between the two systems resulted from an interactive process of destroying symmetry at the lower order and reconstructing symmetry at the higher order.The relationships between the fractal dimensions of the rural-urban road network,the drainage network andthe urban system indicated that the development of this area was to achieve the symmetrical isomorphism of physical-human geographical systems.展开更多
Marine fishing is critical for coastal livelihoods,sustainability transitions,and the attainment of sustainable development goals.With a long coastline and unique marine fish species,marine fishing could drive sustain...Marine fishing is critical for coastal livelihoods,sustainability transitions,and the attainment of sustainable development goals.With a long coastline and unique marine fish species,marine fishing could drive sustainable development in Africa.However,with increasing human-environmental challenges in tropical fishing zones,the projected sustainability benefits from Africa’s fisheries resources are threatened.This is worsened by the limited research to understand how these challenges have persisted or could be realigned to suit blue transformations in the marine fisheries sector.We sourced 1066 documents from Scopus,which were analyzed using bibliometrics to(i)analyze research trends and(ii)understand intricate networks and critical themes in research and policy regarding marine fisheries.Findings on research trends reveal a decline in research on marine fishing,domination of research by non-African authors,and institutions,and limited publications in reputable journals.Complex networks persist,worsened by the limited funding of transdisciplinary research.Most researchers and research institutions in Africa prefer marine fisheries science research.Limited marine sociological research has been conducted.Key themes are not prioritizing current governance pathways,and there is limited collaboration among coastal African countries,authors,and institutions in research.To build a new aura for sustainability,a Priority Action Pathway(PAP)has been developed that includes six(6)priority actions to drive sustainable transformations.With increased collaborations,focus on transdisciplinary marine fishing research and a shift in fisheries policy research emphasis to focus on the understanding of socioecological complexities,possibilities for identifying and promoting sustainability transformations(including in sustainable financing)in the sector are possible.This can be through an increased focus on collecting and integrating marine social science with marine fisheries science research.This can help identify/create novel perspectives from tropical coastal communities needed to co-design sustainable priority actions and mechanisms in coastal fishing zones.展开更多
[目的]探究中晚全新世环境演化与人类活动之间的相互作用.[方法]针对南海北部泥质陆架区B1047和B1104站位沉积物系统开展粒度、主微量元素、稀土元素、黏土矿物及AMS 14 C等测年综合分析,揭示该地区5.2 ka BP以来的陆源碎屑来源以及环...[目的]探究中晚全新世环境演化与人类活动之间的相互作用.[方法]针对南海北部泥质陆架区B1047和B1104站位沉积物系统开展粒度、主微量元素、稀土元素、黏土矿物及AMS 14 C等测年综合分析,揭示该地区5.2 ka BP以来的陆源碎屑来源以及环境对人类活动的响应机制.[结果]物源分析表明,两站位沉积物主要来源于珠江沿岸流和海南岛碎屑物质,还有少量物质来源于琼州海峡.粒度端元模拟识别出3个端元,EM1/EM3比值对应于南海沿岸流体系中冬季风驱动的华南沿岸流的强弱,反映出东亚季风强弱变化;CIA、Rb/Sr以及黏土矿物比值指示化学风化强度变化.结果显示,化学风化指标与黏土矿物比值的变化呈现频繁波动并持续增强的趋势,重金属富集因子在2.2 ka BP以后与化学风化指标同步增强.[结论]结合粒度、黏土矿物分析以及地球化学元素分析表明,琼州海峡东5.2 ka BP以来的环境-人类活动变化大致可分为3个阶段:5.2~4.5 ka BP期间,南海北部的环境演化过程受气候变冷引发的海平面下降控制;4.5~2.2 ka BP期间,化学风化指标的增强与人类活动的初始增强阶段有关,是人类活动成为主导地质活动开始的时间;2.2 ka BP以来,重金属元素排放强度与化学风化指标呈同步升高特征,人类活动的增强逐渐超过了自然气候对华南大陆的控制,而人类活动反过来又受到东亚季风变化的影响.这些研究结果印证了人类文明发展与自然环境变化相互制约与依存的人地关系,为理解华南地区史前人地关系的演变提供了新的证据.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41430636,No.41571159
文摘China’s coupled human-environment system(CHES) is assessed here via a systems schema that emphasizes the complex interactions of components and their attributes. In addition to the human and environment components, we identified two other components to evaluate the relationship. The four components are human activity intensity, resource carrying capacity, ecological constraints and system’s openness. Based on their interactions, we derived a cognitive schema for classifying the level of strain or stress of an area. The analysis draws on 11 indicators and 29 sub-indicators including remote sensing data and statistical data that are used to estimate the four components. The findings indicate that human activities are highly intense in a few geographical areas, particularly large urban systems and trade and investment zones on the eastern coastal areas. Nonetheless, these areas are also well-endowed in water resources and fertile soils although urban systems are increasingly stressed from negative pollution externalities. They are also open systems which allow them to bear a higher level of pressure and adjust accordingly. Desertification and soil erosion point to relatively fragile biophysical systems in the west and southwest, but human activities are still relatively less intense compared to their coastal counterparts. As a whole, only 14% of areas may be said to be relatively or highly strained. This however belies another one-third of areas that are currently unstable, and likely to become strained and thereby vulnerable in the near future.
基金supported by the Hungarian National Science Foundation,OTKA 104811 projectsupported by the János Bolyai Scolarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
文摘The study of human-environment relationships in mountain areas is important for both theoretical and practical reasons, as many mountain areas suffer similar problems, such as depopulation, unemployment and natural hazards. Medium mountains constitute a special case within mountains, because they are more populated but less attractive as tourist destinations than high mountains. In this context, the Apuseni Mts （Romania） are considered as a ease study. In this paper, we apply GIS-based, quantitative methods to characterize the strength and dynamics of human-environment interactions, taking into consideration some environmental factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance, lithology, land cover, natural attractions） as well as historical population and recent tourism data. We found that population density has strong （r2〉0.8） relationships with all relief factors （elevation, relative height, slope, river distance）, and that best-fit functions are nonlinear. We outlined the varying demographic scenarios by elevation zones and interpreted the historically switching sign of population change versus elevation relationship. We demonstrated that lithology also has an impact on the spatial distribution of population, although it is not independent from the relief effect. The land cover of the mainly cultural landscape is very strongly correlated with relief parameters （especially slope）, which suggests good adaptation. We pointed out the dominance of karst objects in the natural tourism potential of the Apuseni Mts and also explored further components of real tourism （spas, heritage, towns）. Finally, we concluded that the environmental settings investigated do in fact constrain the spatial framework of society, but soeio-economic changes in history can be explained from the side of society, which conforms to the theory of cultural possibilism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project(Grant Nos.41201130,41101361,and 41371183)
文摘Symmetrical relationships between humans and their environment have been referred to as an extension of symmetries in the human geographical system and have drawn great attention.This paper explored the symmetry between physical and human systems through fractal analysis of the road and drainage networks in Wuling mountainous area.We found that both the road and drainage networks reflect weak clustering distributions.The evolution of the road network shared a significant self-organizing composition,while the drainage network showed obvious double fraetal characteristics.The geometric fractal dimension of the road network was larger than that of the drainage network.In addition,when assigned a weight relating to hierarchy or length,neither the road network nor drainage network showed a fractal property.These findings indicated that the fractal evolution of the road network shared certain similarities with fractal distribution of the drainage network.The symmetry between the two systems resulted from an interactive process of destroying symmetry at the lower order and reconstructing symmetry at the higher order.The relationships between the fractal dimensions of the rural-urban road network,the drainage network andthe urban system indicated that the development of this area was to achieve the symmetrical isomorphism of physical-human geographical systems.
文摘Marine fishing is critical for coastal livelihoods,sustainability transitions,and the attainment of sustainable development goals.With a long coastline and unique marine fish species,marine fishing could drive sustainable development in Africa.However,with increasing human-environmental challenges in tropical fishing zones,the projected sustainability benefits from Africa’s fisheries resources are threatened.This is worsened by the limited research to understand how these challenges have persisted or could be realigned to suit blue transformations in the marine fisheries sector.We sourced 1066 documents from Scopus,which were analyzed using bibliometrics to(i)analyze research trends and(ii)understand intricate networks and critical themes in research and policy regarding marine fisheries.Findings on research trends reveal a decline in research on marine fishing,domination of research by non-African authors,and institutions,and limited publications in reputable journals.Complex networks persist,worsened by the limited funding of transdisciplinary research.Most researchers and research institutions in Africa prefer marine fisheries science research.Limited marine sociological research has been conducted.Key themes are not prioritizing current governance pathways,and there is limited collaboration among coastal African countries,authors,and institutions in research.To build a new aura for sustainability,a Priority Action Pathway(PAP)has been developed that includes six(6)priority actions to drive sustainable transformations.With increased collaborations,focus on transdisciplinary marine fishing research and a shift in fisheries policy research emphasis to focus on the understanding of socioecological complexities,possibilities for identifying and promoting sustainability transformations(including in sustainable financing)in the sector are possible.This can be through an increased focus on collecting and integrating marine social science with marine fisheries science research.This can help identify/create novel perspectives from tropical coastal communities needed to co-design sustainable priority actions and mechanisms in coastal fishing zones.
文摘[目的]探究中晚全新世环境演化与人类活动之间的相互作用.[方法]针对南海北部泥质陆架区B1047和B1104站位沉积物系统开展粒度、主微量元素、稀土元素、黏土矿物及AMS 14 C等测年综合分析,揭示该地区5.2 ka BP以来的陆源碎屑来源以及环境对人类活动的响应机制.[结果]物源分析表明,两站位沉积物主要来源于珠江沿岸流和海南岛碎屑物质,还有少量物质来源于琼州海峡.粒度端元模拟识别出3个端元,EM1/EM3比值对应于南海沿岸流体系中冬季风驱动的华南沿岸流的强弱,反映出东亚季风强弱变化;CIA、Rb/Sr以及黏土矿物比值指示化学风化强度变化.结果显示,化学风化指标与黏土矿物比值的变化呈现频繁波动并持续增强的趋势,重金属富集因子在2.2 ka BP以后与化学风化指标同步增强.[结论]结合粒度、黏土矿物分析以及地球化学元素分析表明,琼州海峡东5.2 ka BP以来的环境-人类活动变化大致可分为3个阶段:5.2~4.5 ka BP期间,南海北部的环境演化过程受气候变冷引发的海平面下降控制;4.5~2.2 ka BP期间,化学风化指标的增强与人类活动的初始增强阶段有关,是人类活动成为主导地质活动开始的时间;2.2 ka BP以来,重金属元素排放强度与化学风化指标呈同步升高特征,人类活动的增强逐渐超过了自然气候对华南大陆的控制,而人类活动反过来又受到东亚季风变化的影响.这些研究结果印证了人类文明发展与自然环境变化相互制约与依存的人地关系,为理解华南地区史前人地关系的演变提供了新的证据.
