Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and...Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.展开更多
An integral quality control(QC)procedure that integrates various QC methods and considers the design indexes and operational status of the instruments for the observations of drifting air-sea interface buoy was develo...An integral quality control(QC)procedure that integrates various QC methods and considers the design indexes and operational status of the instruments for the observations of drifting air-sea interface buoy was developed in the order of basic in-spection followed by targeted QC.The innovative method of combining a moving Hampel filter and local anomaly detection com-plies with statistical laws and physical processes,which guarantees the QC performance of meteorological variables.Two sets of observation data were used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the QC procedure,and the effect was evaluated using the observations of the Kuroshio Extension Observatory buoy as the reference.The results showed that the outliers in the time series can be correctly identified and processed,and the quality of data improved significantly.The linear correlation between the quality-controlled observations and the reference increased,and the difference decreased.The correlation coefficient of wind speed before and after QC increased from 0.77 to 0.82,and the maximum absolute error decreased by approximately 2.8ms^(-1).In addition,air pressure and relative humidity were optimized by 10^(-3)–10^(-2) orders of magnitude.For the sea surface temperature,the weight of coefficients of the continuity test algorithm was optimized based on the sea area of data acquisition,which effectively expanded the applicability of the algorithm.展开更多
In this paper, a new control system based on forearm electromyogram （EMG） is proposed for computer peripheral control and artificial prosthesis control. This control system intends to realize the commands of six pre...In this paper, a new control system based on forearm electromyogram （EMG） is proposed for computer peripheral control and artificial prosthesis control. This control system intends to realize the commands of six pre-defined hand poses： up, down, left, right, yes, and no. In order to research the possibility of using a unified amplifier for both electroencephalogram （EEG） and EMG, the surface forearm EMG data is acquired by a 4-channel EEG measurement system. The Bayesian classifier is used to classify the power spectral density （PSD） of the signal. The experiment result verifies that this control system can supply a high command recognition rate （average 48%） even the EMG data is collected with an EEG system just with single electrode measurement.展开更多
In recent years, computer assisted surgery （CAS） systems become more and more common in clinical practices, but few specific design criteria have been proposed for human-computer interface （HCI） in GAS systems. Th...In recent years, computer assisted surgery （CAS） systems become more and more common in clinical practices, but few specific design criteria have been proposed for human-computer interface （HCI） in GAS systems. This paper tried to give universal criteria of HCI design for CAS systems through introduction of demonstration application, which is total knee replacement （TKR） with a nonimage-based navigation system. A typical computer assisted process can be divided into four phases： the preoperative planning phase, the intraoperative registration phase, the intraoperative navigation phase and finally the postoperative assessment phase. The interface design for four steps is described respectively in the demonstration application. These criteria this paper summarized can be useful to software developers to achieve reliable and effective interfaces for new CAS systems more easily.展开更多
This review summarizes the work carried out in the field of interface study in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum （CNT/A1） composites. Much research work has been conducted to reveal the evolution of CNT/A1 interfa...This review summarizes the work carried out in the field of interface study in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum （CNT/A1） composites. Much research work has been conducted to reveal the evolution of CNT/A1 interface in producing the composite with the purpose of achieving uniform distribution of CNTs and tight interfacial bonding. The effect and principles of coating were reviewed along with the illustration of ＂intermetallic interphases＂ design. Different roles of CNT/Al interface in structural and functional application were elucidated, and the future work that needs attention was addressed.展开更多
Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applicati...Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applications in nuclear facilities,critical components in aerospace and defense components.However,the serious embrittlement limits the engineering usability of some refractory alloys.A lot of research results indicate that the performances of refractory alloys are closely related to the physical/chemical status,such as the interface dimension,interface type,interface composition of their grain boundaries(GBs),phase boundaries(PBs)and other interface features.This paper reviewed the recent progress of simulations and experiments on interface design strategies that achieve high performance refractory alloys.These strategies include GB interface purifying/strengthening,PB interface strengthening and PB/GB synergistic strengthening.Great details are provided on the design/fabrication strategy such as GB interface controlling,PB interface controlling and synergistic control of multi-scaled interfaces.The corresponding performances such as the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,thermal load resistance,thermal stability,irradiation resistance,and oxidation resistance are reviewed in the aspect to the effect of interfaces.In addition,the relationships between these interfaces and material properties are discussed.Finally,future developments and potential new research directions for refractory alloys are proposed.展开更多
In order to achieve higher efficient cohesion match of procedure and equipment between ironmaking and steelmaking interface, the theory of multi-dimensional material flow control was applied to analyze torpedo ladle-i...In order to achieve higher efficient cohesion match of procedure and equipment between ironmaking and steelmaking interface, the theory of multi-dimensional material flow control was applied to analyze torpedo ladle-iron ladle transportation process between blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace. Moreover, basic parameters of material flow were analyzed and optimized, such as time, temperature and material quantity. Based on operating principles of material flow, control methods were optimized, such as product organization mode, scheduling discipline and scheduling plan of hot metal ladle. Finally, the material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface was integrated. Satisfactory effects are obtained after applying the technology in practice. The total turnover number of torpedo ladle decreases from 20 to 18, the hot metal temperature of 1# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36 °C to 19.5 °C, the hot metal temperature of 2# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36.6 °C to 19.8 °C, the temperature drop of desulfurization hot metal decreases by 4 °C, and the temperature drop of non-desulfurization hot metal decreases by 2.8 °C. Furthermore, the ironmaking and steelmaking interface system will realize high-efficiency control by using this control technology.展开更多
A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control...A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control system makes use of the amplitude enhancement of alpha-wave blocking in electroencephalogram(EEG) when eyes close for more than 1 s to constitute a BCI for the switch control of wheelchair movements. The system was formed by BCI control panel, data acquisition, signal processing unit and interface control circuit. Eight volunteers participated in the wheelchair control experiments according to the preset routes. The experimental results show that the mean success control rate of all the subjects was 81.3%, with the highest reaching 93.7%. When one subject's triggering time was 2.8 s, i.e., the flashing time of each cycle light was 2.8 s, the average information transfer rate was 8.10 bit/min, with the highest reaching 12.54 bit/min.展开更多
This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for GCS (Ground Control System). Therefore, we investigated the instances of G...This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for GCS (Ground Control System). Therefore, we investigated the instances of GCS (such as hawk and patriot missile’s GCS) for defense system. Based on the collected data, we compared and analyzed the GCS screen design. In this paper, we conduct case study for ergonomically development of GCS. It is expected that this research improves the situational awareness and reduces the user’s task load.展开更多
Gap acceptance theory is broadly used for evaluating unsignalized intersections in developed coun tries. Intersections with no specific priority to any move ment, known as uncontrolled intersections, are common in Ind...Gap acceptance theory is broadly used for evaluating unsignalized intersections in developed coun tries. Intersections with no specific priority to any move ment, known as uncontrolled intersections, are common in India. Limited priority is observed at a few intersections, where priorities are perceived by drivers based on geom etry, traffic volume, and speed on the approaches of intersection. Analyzing such intersections is complex because the overall traffic behavior is the result of drivers, vehicles, and traffic flow characteristics. Fuzzy theory has been widely used to analyze similar situations. This paper describes the application of adaptive neurofuzzy interface system （ANFIS） to the modeling of gap acceptance behavior of rightturning vehicles at limited priority Tintersections （in India, vehicles are driven on the left side of a road）. Field data are collected using video cameras at four Tintersections having limited priority. The data extracted include gap/lag, subject vehicle type, conflicting vehicle type, and driver＇s decision （accepted/rejected）. ANFIS models are developed by using 80 % of the extracted data （total data observations for major road right turning vehicles are 722 and 1,066 for minor road right turning vehicles） and remaining are used for model vali dation. Four different combinations of input variables are considered for major and minor road right turnings sepa rately. Correct prediction by ANFIS models ranges from 75.17 % to 82.16 % for major road right turning and 87.20 % to 88.62 % for minor road right turning. Themodels developed in this paper can be used in the dynamic estimation of gap acceptance in traffic simulation models.展开更多
To meet the challenges of ubiquitous computing, ambient technologies and an increasingly older population, researchers have been trying to break away from traditional modes of interaction. A history of studies over th...To meet the challenges of ubiquitous computing, ambient technologies and an increasingly older population, researchers have been trying to break away from traditional modes of interaction. A history of studies over the past 30 years reported in this paper suggests that Gesture Controlled User Interfaces (GCUI) now provide realistic and affordable opportunities, which may be appropriate for older and disabled people. We have developed a GCUI prototype application, called Open Gesture, to help users carry out everyday activities such as making phone calls, controlling their television and performing mathematical calculations. Open Gesture uses simple hand gestures to perform a diverse range of tasks via a television interface. This paper describes Open Gesture and reports its usability evaluation. We conclude that this inclusive technology offers some potential to improve the independence and quality of life of older and disabled users along with general users, although there remain significant challenges to be overcome.展开更多
A formal methodology is proposed to reduce the amount of information displayed to remote human operators at interfaces to large-scale process control plants of a certain type. The reduction proceeds in two stages. In ...A formal methodology is proposed to reduce the amount of information displayed to remote human operators at interfaces to large-scale process control plants of a certain type. The reduction proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, minimal reduced subsets of components, which give full information about the state of the whole system, are generated by determining functional dependencies between components. This is achieved by using a temporal logic proof obligation to check whether the state of all components can be inferred from the state of components in a subset in specified situations that the human operator needs to detect, with respect to a finite state machine model of the system and other human operator behavior. Generation of reduced subsets is automated with the help of a temporal logic model checker. The second stage determines the interconnections between components to be displayed in the reduced system so that the natural overall graphical structure of the system is maintained. A formal definition of an aesthetic for the required subgraph of a graph representation of the full system, containing the reduced subset of components, is given for this purpose. The methodology is demonstrated by a case study.展开更多
This paper focuses on the direct current-alternating current （DC-AC） interfaced microsource based H∞ robust control strategies in microgrids. It presents detail of a DC-AC interfaced microsource model which is conn...This paper focuses on the direct current-alternating current （DC-AC） interfaced microsource based H∞ robust control strategies in microgrids. It presents detail of a DC-AC interfaced microsource model which is connected to the power grid through a controllable switch. A double loop current-regulated voltage control scheme for the DC-AC interface is designed. In the case of the load disturbance and the model uncertainties, the inner voltage and current loop are produced based on the H∞ robust control strategies. The outer power loop uses the droop characteristic controller. Finally, the scheme is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate that DC-AC interfaced microsource system can supply high quality power. Also, the proposed control scheme can make the system switch smoothly between the isolated mode and grid-connected mode. 更多展开更多
This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen ...This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen as the CPU of the embedded server with a linux operation system( OS) environment. The embedded server provides multiple interfaces for supporting various application scenarios. The whole network is based on local area network and adopts the Browser / Server( B / S) model. The monitoring and control node is as a browser endpoint and the remote node with an embedded server is as a server endpoint. Users can easily acquire various sensors information through writing Internet protocol address of remote node on the computer browser. Compared with client / server( C / S) mode,B / S model needs less maintain and can be applicable to large user group. In addition,a simple network management protocol( SNMP) is used for management of devices in Internet protocol( IP) networks. The results of the demonstration experiment show that the proposed system gives good support to manage the network from different user terminals and allows the users to better interact with the ambient environment.展开更多
By combining the α/γ interface migration and the carbon diffusion at the interface in Fe-C alloys, a mathematical model is constructed to describe the mixed-control mechanism for proeutectoid ferrite formation from ...By combining the α/γ interface migration and the carbon diffusion at the interface in Fe-C alloys, a mathematical model is constructed to describe the mixed-control mechanism for proeutectoid ferrite formation from austenite. In this model, the α/γ interface is treated as non-equilibrium interface, i.e., the carbon concentration of austenite at γ/α interface is obtained through theoretical calculation, instead of that assumed as the local equilibrium concentration. For isothermal precipitation of ferrite in Fe-C alloys, the calculated results show that the rate of interface migration decreases monotonically during the whole process, while the rate of carbon diffusion from γ/α interface into austenite increases to a peak value and then decreases. The process of ferrite growth may be considered as composed of three stages: the period of rapid growth, slow growth and finishing stage. The results also show that the carbon concentration of austenite at γ/α interface could not reach the thermodynamic equilibrium value even at the last stage of ferrite growth.展开更多
This paper presents a 3 D.O.F haptic interface which is designed to meet the interaction requirement of teleoperation tasks and virtual reality applications. The mechanism design takes the operability into considerati...This paper presents a 3 D.O.F haptic interface which is designed to meet the interaction requirement of teleoperation tasks and virtual reality applications. The mechanism design takes the operability into consideration such as adopting steel cable as transmission component and mass balance to eliminate the gravity effect. The dynamics of haptic interface including actuating device is studied. In order to provide operator with fidelity kinesthetic information, a force controller using self-learning fuzzy logic control is designed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the control method.展开更多
Terminals and their access represent a vulnerable aspect in the security framework of 5G-railway(5G-R)system.To enhance the control of 5G-R terminals and their access to applications,this paper analyzes the applicatio...Terminals and their access represent a vulnerable aspect in the security framework of 5G-railway(5G-R)system.To enhance the control of 5G-R terminals and their access to applications,this paper analyzes the application scenarios,operational modes,services supported by 5G-R terminals,and the data paths between these terminals and the connected railway application service systems.Further analysis concentrates on the security risks posed by the characteristics of intelligent 5G-R handheld terminals,lightweight Internet of Things(IoT)communication terminals,and onboard integrated wireless transmission equipment with public-private convergence.In light of the risks above,this paper presents the terminal security control requirements.Furthermore,based on the planned architecture of the 5G-R system and security technologies such as terminal identity authentication and behavior auditing,the paper proposes a solution package for the 5G-R terminal security control system,including the overall architecture,functional implementation,and interface configuration.These solutions aim to achieve unified control over the admission and access of 5G-R handheld terminals,IoT communication terminals,and onboard integrated wireless communication equipment to railway application systems.Additionally,they enable the security control and analysis of terminal behaviors and application data,facilitate the security management of terminals,and ensure the secure release,download,and installation of mobile applications.展开更多
The rapid development of new energy power generation technology and the transformation of power electronics in the core equipment of source-grid-load drives the power system towards the“double-high”development patte...The rapid development of new energy power generation technology and the transformation of power electronics in the core equipment of source-grid-load drives the power system towards the“double-high”development pattern of“high proportion of renewable energy”and“high proportion of power electronic equipment”.To enhance the transient performance of AC/DC hybrid microgrid(HMG)in the context of“double-high,”aπtype virtual synchronous generator(π-VSG)control strategy is applied to bidirectional interface converter(BIC)to address the issues of lacking inertia and poor disturbance immunity caused by the high penetration rate of power electronic equipment and new energy.Firstly,the virtual synchronous generator mechanical motion equations and virtual capacitance equations are used to introduce the virtual inertia control equations that consider the transient performance of HMG;based on the equations,theπ-type equivalent control model of the BIC is established.Next,the inertia power is actively transferred through the BIC according to the load fluctuation to compensate for the system’s inertia deficit.Secondly,theπ-VSG control utilizes small-signal analysis to investigate howthe fundamental parameters affect the overall stability of the HMG and incorporates power step response curves to reveal the relationship between the control’s virtual parameters and transient performance.Finally,the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results show that theπ-VSG control effectively improves the immunity of AC frequency and DC voltage in the HMG system under the load fluctuation condition,increases the stability of the HMG system and satisfies the power-sharing control objective between the AC and DC subgrids.展开更多
In this study, an education and application interface was designed for model predictive control (MPC). For this design, MPC Toolbox and MATLAB GUI in the MATLAB software were used. Developed interface includes model p...In this study, an education and application interface was designed for model predictive control (MPC). For this design, MPC Toolbox and MATLAB GUI in the MATLAB software were used. Developed interface includes model predictive control methods, such as single-input single-output, multi-input multi-output, constrained or unconstrained systems. The interface, developed for education of model predictive control methods, was tested in class by the students attending to the Process Dynamic and Control course.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201491)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research work through the project number“NBU-FPEJ-2024-1101-02”.
文摘Research efforts on electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials have begun to converge on green and sustainable biomass materials.These materials offer numerous advantages such as being lightweight,porous,and hierarchical.Due to their porous nature,interfacial compatibility,and electrical conductivity,biomass materials hold significant potential as EMI shielding materials.Despite concerted efforts on the EMI shielding of biomass materials have been reported,this research area is still relatively new compared to traditional EMI shielding materials.In particular,a more comprehensive study and summary of the factors influencing biomass EMI shielding materials including the pore structure adjustment,preparation process,and micro-control would be valuable.The preparation methods and characteristics of wood,bamboo,cellulose and lignin in EMI shielding field are critically discussed in this paper,and similar biomass EMI materials are summarized and analyzed.The composite methods and fillers of various biomass materials were reviewed.this paper also highlights the mechanism of EMI shielding as well as existing prospects and challenges for development trends in this field.
基金supported by the Natural Resources Development Special Fund Project of Jiangsu Province(No.JSZRHYKJ202009)the Taishan Scholar Funds(No.tsqn 201812022)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.202072001)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf,Beibu Gulf University(No.2021KF03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176020).
文摘An integral quality control(QC)procedure that integrates various QC methods and considers the design indexes and operational status of the instruments for the observations of drifting air-sea interface buoy was developed in the order of basic in-spection followed by targeted QC.The innovative method of combining a moving Hampel filter and local anomaly detection com-plies with statistical laws and physical processes,which guarantees the QC performance of meteorological variables.Two sets of observation data were used to verify the applicability and effectiveness of the QC procedure,and the effect was evaluated using the observations of the Kuroshio Extension Observatory buoy as the reference.The results showed that the outliers in the time series can be correctly identified and processed,and the quality of data improved significantly.The linear correlation between the quality-controlled observations and the reference increased,and the difference decreased.The correlation coefficient of wind speed before and after QC increased from 0.77 to 0.82,and the maximum absolute error decreased by approximately 2.8ms^(-1).In addition,air pressure and relative humidity were optimized by 10^(-3)–10^(-2) orders of magnitude.For the sea surface temperature,the weight of coefficients of the continuity test algorithm was optimized based on the sea area of data acquisition,which effectively expanded the applicability of the algorithm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60736029 and 30525030UESTC Youth Foundation under Grant No. L08010901JX0772 for support.
文摘In this paper, a new control system based on forearm electromyogram （EMG） is proposed for computer peripheral control and artificial prosthesis control. This control system intends to realize the commands of six pre-defined hand poses： up, down, left, right, yes, and no. In order to research the possibility of using a unified amplifier for both electroencephalogram （EEG） and EMG, the surface forearm EMG data is acquired by a 4-channel EEG measurement system. The Bayesian classifier is used to classify the power spectral density （PSD） of the signal. The experiment result verifies that this control system can supply a high command recognition rate （average 48%） even the EMG data is collected with an EEG system just with single electrode measurement.
基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863) of China(No. 2006AA02A137)
文摘In recent years, computer assisted surgery （CAS） systems become more and more common in clinical practices, but few specific design criteria have been proposed for human-computer interface （HCI） in GAS systems. This paper tried to give universal criteria of HCI design for CAS systems through introduction of demonstration application, which is total knee replacement （TKR） with a nonimage-based navigation system. A typical computer assisted process can be divided into four phases： the preoperative planning phase, the intraoperative registration phase, the intraoperative navigation phase and finally the postoperative assessment phase. The interface design for four steps is described respectively in the demonstration application. These criteria this paper summarized can be useful to software developers to achieve reliable and effective interfaces for new CAS systems more easily.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No.2012CB619600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51131004,51071100,and 51001071)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No.2012AA030311)Shanghai Science & Technology Committee (Nos.11JC1405500)
文摘This review summarizes the work carried out in the field of interface study in carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum （CNT/A1） composites. Much research work has been conducted to reveal the evolution of CNT/A1 interface in producing the composite with the purpose of achieving uniform distribution of CNTs and tight interfacial bonding. The effect and principles of coating were reviewed along with the illustration of ＂intermetallic interphases＂ design. Different roles of CNT/Al interface in structural and functional application were elucidated, and the future work that needs attention was addressed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:51771184,11735015,51801203,51771181)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(Grant No.1808085QE132)+2 种基金the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment friendly Energy Materials(18kfhg02)a fund from the Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory(Grant No.JZX7Y201901SY00900103)the Innovation Center of Nuclear Materials for National Defense Industry。
文摘Refractory alloys such as tungsten and molybdenum based alloys with high strength,thermal/electrical conductivity,low coefficient of thermal expansion and excellent creep resistances are highly desirable for applications in nuclear facilities,critical components in aerospace and defense components.However,the serious embrittlement limits the engineering usability of some refractory alloys.A lot of research results indicate that the performances of refractory alloys are closely related to the physical/chemical status,such as the interface dimension,interface type,interface composition of their grain boundaries(GBs),phase boundaries(PBs)and other interface features.This paper reviewed the recent progress of simulations and experiments on interface design strategies that achieve high performance refractory alloys.These strategies include GB interface purifying/strengthening,PB interface strengthening and PB/GB synergistic strengthening.Great details are provided on the design/fabrication strategy such as GB interface controlling,PB interface controlling and synergistic control of multi-scaled interfaces.The corresponding performances such as the mechanical property,thermal conductivity,thermal load resistance,thermal stability,irradiation resistance,and oxidation resistance are reviewed in the aspect to the effect of interfaces.In addition,the relationships between these interfaces and material properties are discussed.Finally,future developments and potential new research directions for refractory alloys are proposed.
基金Project(2011FZ056)supported by the Applied Basic Research Plan Program of Yunnan Province,China
文摘In order to achieve higher efficient cohesion match of procedure and equipment between ironmaking and steelmaking interface, the theory of multi-dimensional material flow control was applied to analyze torpedo ladle-iron ladle transportation process between blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace. Moreover, basic parameters of material flow were analyzed and optimized, such as time, temperature and material quantity. Based on operating principles of material flow, control methods were optimized, such as product organization mode, scheduling discipline and scheduling plan of hot metal ladle. Finally, the material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface was integrated. Satisfactory effects are obtained after applying the technology in practice. The total turnover number of torpedo ladle decreases from 20 to 18, the hot metal temperature of 1# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36 °C to 19.5 °C, the hot metal temperature of 2# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36.6 °C to 19.8 °C, the temperature drop of desulfurization hot metal decreases by 4 °C, and the temperature drop of non-desulfurization hot metal decreases by 2.8 °C. Furthermore, the ironmaking and steelmaking interface system will realize high-efficiency control by using this control technology.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81222021,No.30970875,No.90920015,No.61172008 and No.81171423)National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2012BAI34B02)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-10-0618)
文摘A brain-computer interface(BCI)-based electric wheelchair control system was developed, which enables the users to move the wheelchair forward or backward, and turn left or right without any pre-learning. This control system makes use of the amplitude enhancement of alpha-wave blocking in electroencephalogram(EEG) when eyes close for more than 1 s to constitute a BCI for the switch control of wheelchair movements. The system was formed by BCI control panel, data acquisition, signal processing unit and interface control circuit. Eight volunteers participated in the wheelchair control experiments according to the preset routes. The experimental results show that the mean success control rate of all the subjects was 81.3%, with the highest reaching 93.7%. When one subject's triggering time was 2.8 s, i.e., the flashing time of each cycle light was 2.8 s, the average information transfer rate was 8.10 bit/min, with the highest reaching 12.54 bit/min.
文摘This study is a preparation phase for visualization of utilized information using ergonomic user interface and standardization of elements for GCS (Ground Control System). Therefore, we investigated the instances of GCS (such as hawk and patriot missile’s GCS) for defense system. Based on the collected data, we compared and analyzed the GCS screen design. In this paper, we conduct case study for ergonomically development of GCS. It is expected that this research improves the situational awareness and reduces the user’s task load.
基金partially funded by Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of Indiaproject SR/ FTP/ETA-61/2010
文摘Gap acceptance theory is broadly used for evaluating unsignalized intersections in developed coun tries. Intersections with no specific priority to any move ment, known as uncontrolled intersections, are common in India. Limited priority is observed at a few intersections, where priorities are perceived by drivers based on geom etry, traffic volume, and speed on the approaches of intersection. Analyzing such intersections is complex because the overall traffic behavior is the result of drivers, vehicles, and traffic flow characteristics. Fuzzy theory has been widely used to analyze similar situations. This paper describes the application of adaptive neurofuzzy interface system （ANFIS） to the modeling of gap acceptance behavior of rightturning vehicles at limited priority Tintersections （in India, vehicles are driven on the left side of a road）. Field data are collected using video cameras at four Tintersections having limited priority. The data extracted include gap/lag, subject vehicle type, conflicting vehicle type, and driver＇s decision （accepted/rejected）. ANFIS models are developed by using 80 % of the extracted data （total data observations for major road right turning vehicles are 722 and 1,066 for minor road right turning vehicles） and remaining are used for model vali dation. Four different combinations of input variables are considered for major and minor road right turnings sepa rately. Correct prediction by ANFIS models ranges from 75.17 % to 82.16 % for major road right turning and 87.20 % to 88.62 % for minor road right turning. Themodels developed in this paper can be used in the dynamic estimation of gap acceptance in traffic simulation models.
文摘To meet the challenges of ubiquitous computing, ambient technologies and an increasingly older population, researchers have been trying to break away from traditional modes of interaction. A history of studies over the past 30 years reported in this paper suggests that Gesture Controlled User Interfaces (GCUI) now provide realistic and affordable opportunities, which may be appropriate for older and disabled people. We have developed a GCUI prototype application, called Open Gesture, to help users carry out everyday activities such as making phone calls, controlling their television and performing mathematical calculations. Open Gesture uses simple hand gestures to perform a diverse range of tasks via a television interface. This paper describes Open Gesture and reports its usability evaluation. We conclude that this inclusive technology offers some potential to improve the independence and quality of life of older and disabled users along with general users, although there remain significant challenges to be overcome.
基金This work was supported by the Royal Society in the UK (No.2004R1)An initial study appeared in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems,Man and Cybernetics,the Hague,Netherlands,pp.124-129,2004.
文摘A formal methodology is proposed to reduce the amount of information displayed to remote human operators at interfaces to large-scale process control plants of a certain type. The reduction proceeds in two stages. In the first stage, minimal reduced subsets of components, which give full information about the state of the whole system, are generated by determining functional dependencies between components. This is achieved by using a temporal logic proof obligation to check whether the state of all components can be inferred from the state of components in a subset in specified situations that the human operator needs to detect, with respect to a finite state machine model of the system and other human operator behavior. Generation of reduced subsets is automated with the help of a temporal logic model checker. The second stage determines the interconnections between components to be displayed in the reduced system so that the natural overall graphical structure of the system is maintained. A formal definition of an aesthetic for the required subgraph of a graph representation of the full system, containing the reduced subset of components, is given for this purpose. The methodology is demonstrated by a case study.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51177142)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2012T50019 and 20110490210)Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.F2012203063)
文摘This paper focuses on the direct current-alternating current （DC-AC） interfaced microsource based H∞ robust control strategies in microgrids. It presents detail of a DC-AC interfaced microsource model which is connected to the power grid through a controllable switch. A double loop current-regulated voltage control scheme for the DC-AC interface is designed. In the case of the load disturbance and the model uncertainties, the inner voltage and current loop are produced based on the H∞ robust control strategies. The outer power loop uses the droop characteristic controller. Finally, the scheme is simulated using the Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results demonstrate that DC-AC interfaced microsource system can supply high quality power. Also, the proposed control scheme can make the system switch smoothly between the isolated mode and grid-connected mode. 更多
基金Sponsored by the National High Technology Research and Development Program(Grant No.2012AA02A604)
文摘This paper presents a multi-interface embedded server architecture for remote real-time monitoring system and distributed monitoring applications. In the scheme,an embedded microprocessor( LPC3250 from NXP) is chosen as the CPU of the embedded server with a linux operation system( OS) environment. The embedded server provides multiple interfaces for supporting various application scenarios. The whole network is based on local area network and adopts the Browser / Server( B / S) model. The monitoring and control node is as a browser endpoint and the remote node with an embedded server is as a server endpoint. Users can easily acquire various sensors information through writing Internet protocol address of remote node on the computer browser. Compared with client / server( C / S) mode,B / S model needs less maintain and can be applicable to large user group. In addition,a simple network management protocol( SNMP) is used for management of devices in Internet protocol( IP) networks. The results of the demonstration experiment show that the proposed system gives good support to manage the network from different user terminals and allows the users to better interact with the ambient environment.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant No.50075053the Emphasized Item of Development Funds of Science and Technology of Shanghai City,China(No.03H201).
文摘By combining the α/γ interface migration and the carbon diffusion at the interface in Fe-C alloys, a mathematical model is constructed to describe the mixed-control mechanism for proeutectoid ferrite formation from austenite. In this model, the α/γ interface is treated as non-equilibrium interface, i.e., the carbon concentration of austenite at γ/α interface is obtained through theoretical calculation, instead of that assumed as the local equilibrium concentration. For isothermal precipitation of ferrite in Fe-C alloys, the calculated results show that the rate of interface migration decreases monotonically during the whole process, while the rate of carbon diffusion from γ/α interface into austenite increases to a peak value and then decreases. The process of ferrite growth may be considered as composed of three stages: the period of rapid growth, slow growth and finishing stage. The results also show that the carbon concentration of austenite at γ/α interface could not reach the thermodynamic equilibrium value even at the last stage of ferrite growth.
文摘This paper presents a 3 D.O.F haptic interface which is designed to meet the interaction requirement of teleoperation tasks and virtual reality applications. The mechanism design takes the operability into consideration such as adopting steel cable as transmission component and mass balance to eliminate the gravity effect. The dynamics of haptic interface including actuating device is studied. In order to provide operator with fidelity kinesthetic information, a force controller using self-learning fuzzy logic control is designed. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the control method.
文摘Terminals and their access represent a vulnerable aspect in the security framework of 5G-railway(5G-R)system.To enhance the control of 5G-R terminals and their access to applications,this paper analyzes the application scenarios,operational modes,services supported by 5G-R terminals,and the data paths between these terminals and the connected railway application service systems.Further analysis concentrates on the security risks posed by the characteristics of intelligent 5G-R handheld terminals,lightweight Internet of Things(IoT)communication terminals,and onboard integrated wireless transmission equipment with public-private convergence.In light of the risks above,this paper presents the terminal security control requirements.Furthermore,based on the planned architecture of the 5G-R system and security technologies such as terminal identity authentication and behavior auditing,the paper proposes a solution package for the 5G-R terminal security control system,including the overall architecture,functional implementation,and interface configuration.These solutions aim to achieve unified control over the admission and access of 5G-R handheld terminals,IoT communication terminals,and onboard integrated wireless communication equipment to railway application systems.Additionally,they enable the security control and analysis of terminal behaviors and application data,facilitate the security management of terminals,and ensure the secure release,download,and installation of mobile applications.
基金funded by“The Fourth Phase of 2022 Advantage Discipline Engineering-Control Science and Engineering”,grant number 4013000063.
文摘The rapid development of new energy power generation technology and the transformation of power electronics in the core equipment of source-grid-load drives the power system towards the“double-high”development pattern of“high proportion of renewable energy”and“high proportion of power electronic equipment”.To enhance the transient performance of AC/DC hybrid microgrid(HMG)in the context of“double-high,”aπtype virtual synchronous generator(π-VSG)control strategy is applied to bidirectional interface converter(BIC)to address the issues of lacking inertia and poor disturbance immunity caused by the high penetration rate of power electronic equipment and new energy.Firstly,the virtual synchronous generator mechanical motion equations and virtual capacitance equations are used to introduce the virtual inertia control equations that consider the transient performance of HMG;based on the equations,theπ-type equivalent control model of the BIC is established.Next,the inertia power is actively transferred through the BIC according to the load fluctuation to compensate for the system’s inertia deficit.Secondly,theπ-VSG control utilizes small-signal analysis to investigate howthe fundamental parameters affect the overall stability of the HMG and incorporates power step response curves to reveal the relationship between the control’s virtual parameters and transient performance.Finally,the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results show that theπ-VSG control effectively improves the immunity of AC frequency and DC voltage in the HMG system under the load fluctuation condition,increases the stability of the HMG system and satisfies the power-sharing control objective between the AC and DC subgrids.
基金Supported in part by the University of Colorado, the US National Science Foundation (Grants CMS-9625086,CMS-0201459, IIS-9711936, and HRD-0095944) the US Office of Naval Research (Grants N00014-97-1-0642 and N00014-02-1-0136) the Colorado Center for Information Storage, the Colorado Advanced Software Institute, Maxtor Corporation, Quantum Corporation, Storage Technology Corporation, and Data Fusion Corporation
文摘Research in control systems, sensor fusion and haptic interfaces is reviewed.
文摘In this study, an education and application interface was designed for model predictive control (MPC). For this design, MPC Toolbox and MATLAB GUI in the MATLAB software were used. Developed interface includes model predictive control methods, such as single-input single-output, multi-input multi-output, constrained or unconstrained systems. The interface, developed for education of model predictive control methods, was tested in class by the students attending to the Process Dynamic and Control course.
