The influence of human security components on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights （SRHR） of individuals was explored in four sub-Saharan Africa countries of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Ug...The influence of human security components on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights （SRHR） of individuals was explored in four sub-Saharan Africa countries of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Uganda from November 2008 to April 2009. The present results suggest that the major threat to human security is the competing economic demands that make it difficult for the population to prioritize reproductive health services in their household budgets. This study concludes that there are potential benefits of human security approaches for furthering the goals of SRHR initiatives, in line with the principles and guidelines expressed in the Maputo Plan of Action and the Millennium Development Goals （MDGs）. The results of this study suggest that IPPF Africa Region can start to prioritize economic security, community security and health security which have greatest impact on the reproductive health of the sub-Saharan African population. The key lesson learnt is that the effective use of family planning services mitigates the effects of other human insecurities, including economic, food, and health insecurities as its application in the families will reduce family size and demand on available resources.展开更多
The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty,...The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty, social disorder, poor coherence and poor integration appear to haunt them and the gravity is felt more in the rural communities. The factors are traceable to many pathetic issues. The pathological consequences do affect Igbo stability and navigation in the Nigerian socio-economic environment. The causality constitutes the physical, human, natural, financial and social assets. It is recommended, among others, that the people should return to core values and norms, stick to their own noble identities, have a framework for tackling insecurity and hunger, target the youth in poverty reduction measures and tackle the herdsmen menace. Equally, the abused philosophies used to support dangerous and strange behavior should be tackled.展开更多
The very name Myanmar brings to mind a precarious picture of human insecurity.It is the land where the world’s most persecuted minorities still struggle to survive;and,it is the theatre where the longest-ever civil w...The very name Myanmar brings to mind a precarious picture of human insecurity.It is the land where the world’s most persecuted minorities still struggle to survive;and,it is the theatre where the longest-ever civil war in the world has been staged since 1948.Murder of people,rape,violence,and,censorship of the press,etc.,are common scenes in the country.A Nobel laureate(for peace in 1991)Mrs.Aung San Suu Kyi who brought hopes to Myanmar assuring resolution of all such issues through democracy,could not do something substantial,and she is now languishing in detention.Despite international pressure and sanctions,the Military Junta(called Tatmadaw)is still in the seat of power at Nay Pyi Daw dislodging a democratically elected government led by Mrs.Kyi that won the elections held in November last year by staging a coup d’état in February 2021.However,literature in this regard(i.e.human security)is scantily comprehensive and scarcely suggestive of recourses to be taken.Against this background,this paper looks into these developments and suggests the way forward to secure the security for the insecure.This paper argues that Militarism and Majoritarian Nationalism are responsible for this state of affairs in Myanmar.展开更多
Guided by the state policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the Chinese Government has, by dint of hard work over the past three decades, by and large accomplished the task of building up a human resources ...Guided by the state policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the Chinese Government has, by dint of hard work over the past three decades, by and large accomplished the task of building up a human resources and social security system. Good enough to serve China＇s goal of developing a socialist market economy, this system has contributed to the national endeavor to ensure and improve people＇s livelihood and to safeguard the stability of the reform-and-opening undertakings.展开更多
Industry 5.0 blows the whistle on a new industrial revolution,aiming to refocus industrial development by reintegrating the human factor into the technological equation.On the eve of the revolution,the comprehensive s...Industry 5.0 blows the whistle on a new industrial revolution,aiming to refocus industrial development by reintegrating the human factor into the technological equation.On the eve of the revolution,the comprehensive surveys for Industry 5.0 would provide important support for future development.However,current surveys for Industry 5.0 are still in their infancy and some gaps remain.(ⅰ)Current work lacks a comprehensive technical architecture for Industry 5.0 and an in-depth analysis of the enabling technologies that will drive Industry 5.0;(ⅱ)There is no comprehensive survey on security issues of Industry 5.0,which will directly hinder its development;(ⅲ)As Industry 5.0 introduces people into the technological equation,then it will also further consider the broader human interests in its security equation.It is an open issue that traditional security classifications cannot summarize these new security threats in Industry 5.0.Therefore,this survey starts by reviewing the latest key enabling technologies and proposing an overall technology hierarchical structure for Industry 5.0.Second,we investigate the triad of security issues in Industry 5.0,which includes threats and countermeasures for functional safety,information security,and humanized security.Among them,we define the third security issue in Industry 5.0,humanized security,which includes safeguarding the broader interests and rights of individuals,machines,and society.Finally,we summarize future challenges and research trends.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first comprehensive overview of security in Industry 5.0,in which humanized security is defined for the first time.展开更多
The delivery of security to state and citizens will continue to be the daunting task facing nation states in Africa.Many African countries are becoming increasingly unable to deliver security to their citizens and in ...The delivery of security to state and citizens will continue to be the daunting task facing nation states in Africa.Many African countries are becoming increasingly unable to deliver security to their citizens and in some instances;states themselves have become sources of insecurity.This is attributed less to the evolving security threats exacerbated by megatrends but more to the governance deficit manifested in weak social contract and strategic leadership that are short supply in many African countries.Despite a well-articulated security and defense policy of the African Union with a call for its member states to do the same,there is a dearth of national security strategies in most African states.This is largely attributed not only to the lack of effective implementation mechanisms of such policy but importantly to the absence of tools to help member states to craft and implement their national security strategies.There is a convincing wealth of evidence that shows a well-designed and inclusive process of developing national security strategies enables decision-makers to better confront the security threats and improve effective delivery of security to all citizens and state.Such a process provides an invaluable opportunity as well for forging a new social contract between state and its people.This article is an attempt to contribute to rethinking of how security could be perceived,planned,and delivered to the citizens in Africa.展开更多
The research progress of a novel traffic solution,a submerged floating tunnel（SFT）,is reviewed in terms of a study approach and loading scenario.Among existing publications,the buoyancy-weight ratio（BWR） is usuall...The research progress of a novel traffic solution,a submerged floating tunnel（SFT）,is reviewed in terms of a study approach and loading scenario.Among existing publications,the buoyancy-weight ratio（BWR） is usually predefined.However,BWR is a critical structural parameter that tremendously affects the dynamic behaviour of not only the tunnel tube itself but also the cable system.In the context of a SFT prototype（SFTP） project in Qiandao Lake（Zhejiang Province,China）,the importance of BWR is illustrated by finite element analysis and subsequently,an optimized BWR is proposed within a reasonable range in the present study.In the numerical model,structural damping is identified to be of importance.Rayleigh damping and the corresponding Rayleigh coefficients are attained through a sensitivity study,which shows that the adopted damping ratios are fairly suitable for SFTP.Lastly,the human sense of security is considered by quantifying the comfort index,which helps further optimize BWR in the SFTP structural parameter design.展开更多
In the wake of the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, there is a growing sense of insecurity felt by many citizens around the world. Sustainable security, with roots in the sustainable development and human security...In the wake of the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, there is a growing sense of insecurity felt by many citizens around the world. Sustainable security, with roots in the sustainable development and human security literature, seeks positive transformations for the co-evolving and mutually dependent human-environmental condition by integrating （and subsuming） national, human, environmental, and energy security concems and capitalizing on opportunities provided by human creativity, diplomatic openings, modernization and environmental change. The field of Sustainable Security Systems Engineering is proposed for protecting, restoring, designing, and implementing a set of integrated natural and man-made processes that equitably and responsibly meet the biophysical needs of human communities, while maintaining long-term security, respecting financial constraints, meeting ecological limits, and improving institutional arrangements for transparent and effective governance. Scenario planning is shown to help promote sustainable security by identifying the preconditions of instability and helping to proactively address them in an increasingly complex and uncertain world. The six papers published in this featured collection cross policy domains, geographic, political, and sectoral boundaries and were discussed at forums sponsored by the Systems Engineering and Global Policy group. Collectively, they demonstrate the quality, breadth and depth of systems engineering methodologies that are used to promote sustainable security.展开更多
In the paper, application of modem biotech was summarized and accompanying ethical problems were highlighted. In addition, four basic principles for modem biotech development were proposed.
Boko Haram is wreaking havoc in the West African nation of Nigeria and the sub-region at large. The terror has seen Nigeria shaken to its core and stretched to its limits, socially, politically, and economically, with...Boko Haram is wreaking havoc in the West African nation of Nigeria and the sub-region at large. The terror has seen Nigeria shaken to its core and stretched to its limits, socially, politically, and economically, with the abduction of the Chibok school girls serving as an epitome of the country＇s powerlessness to contain the Islamic militants. The homegrown insurgency is now a fully-fledged terrorist organization adopting a transnational posture, which has kept Nigeria decentralized and vulnerable and is endangering neighboring countries in the region. The Nigerian government has the onus task of regaining stability, restoring peace and general well-being of the citizens. Responses from these governments have been varied but mainly militaristic. The article assesses the response of the continental body--the African Union （AU）. I observe that the AU has not directional or positional approach to the Nigerian conundrum. There has been, however, a potent coalition--multinational task force to contain the violent; the only effective response from Nigeria＇s neighbors and this is because of geopolitical proximity. I suggest as long term solutions, non-militaristic approaches to the Nigerian dilemma and addressing corruption.展开更多
This study revisits the concept of resilience by critically reviewing the contents of previous literature. Furthermore, it explains a new methodology for measuring resilience based on the theory of springs and qualita...This study revisits the concept of resilience by critically reviewing the contents of previous literature. Furthermore, it explains a new methodology for measuring resilience based on the theory of springs and qualitatively appraises the resiliency of Minamisanriku town as a case study. Minamisanriku is a tiny coastal town located in the northeastern part of the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The town was affected by an earthquake on March 11, 2011, with a magnitude of 9.0, followed by a tsunami. According to the authors’ previously proposed conceptual framework, resilience should be considered by dividing it into three components: onsite capacity, instantaneous survivability, and the recovery potentiality of an area. Each component of the framework depends on two or three factors that can be measured using different indicators and sub-indicators. Onsite capacity is the ability of a given place to withstand a tsunami before it arrives, and it has been considered indispensable for the prevention of a tsunami. Instantaneous survivability is the power to be alive at the point of a disaster climax. Returning speed to its normal daily routines once a catastrophe is over is called recovery potentiality. It is understood that strengthening onsite capacity by moving residences to higher ground, building seawalls and paved roads, relocation of fishing industry infrastructure, and land elevation in Minamisanriku town makes it a benchmark for resilient cities.展开更多
文摘The influence of human security components on Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights （SRHR） of individuals was explored in four sub-Saharan Africa countries of Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Uganda from November 2008 to April 2009. The present results suggest that the major threat to human security is the competing economic demands that make it difficult for the population to prioritize reproductive health services in their household budgets. This study concludes that there are potential benefits of human security approaches for furthering the goals of SRHR initiatives, in line with the principles and guidelines expressed in the Maputo Plan of Action and the Millennium Development Goals （MDGs）. The results of this study suggest that IPPF Africa Region can start to prioritize economic security, community security and health security which have greatest impact on the reproductive health of the sub-Saharan African population. The key lesson learnt is that the effective use of family planning services mitigates the effects of other human insecurities, including economic, food, and health insecurities as its application in the families will reduce family size and demand on available resources.
文摘The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty, social disorder, poor coherence and poor integration appear to haunt them and the gravity is felt more in the rural communities. The factors are traceable to many pathetic issues. The pathological consequences do affect Igbo stability and navigation in the Nigerian socio-economic environment. The causality constitutes the physical, human, natural, financial and social assets. It is recommended, among others, that the people should return to core values and norms, stick to their own noble identities, have a framework for tackling insecurity and hunger, target the youth in poverty reduction measures and tackle the herdsmen menace. Equally, the abused philosophies used to support dangerous and strange behavior should be tackled.
文摘The very name Myanmar brings to mind a precarious picture of human insecurity.It is the land where the world’s most persecuted minorities still struggle to survive;and,it is the theatre where the longest-ever civil war in the world has been staged since 1948.Murder of people,rape,violence,and,censorship of the press,etc.,are common scenes in the country.A Nobel laureate(for peace in 1991)Mrs.Aung San Suu Kyi who brought hopes to Myanmar assuring resolution of all such issues through democracy,could not do something substantial,and she is now languishing in detention.Despite international pressure and sanctions,the Military Junta(called Tatmadaw)is still in the seat of power at Nay Pyi Daw dislodging a democratically elected government led by Mrs.Kyi that won the elections held in November last year by staging a coup d’état in February 2021.However,literature in this regard(i.e.human security)is scantily comprehensive and scarcely suggestive of recourses to be taken.Against this background,this paper looks into these developments and suggests the way forward to secure the security for the insecure.This paper argues that Militarism and Majoritarian Nationalism are responsible for this state of affairs in Myanmar.
文摘Guided by the state policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the Chinese Government has, by dint of hard work over the past three decades, by and large accomplished the task of building up a human resources and social security system. Good enough to serve China＇s goal of developing a socialist market economy, this system has contributed to the national endeavor to ensure and improve people＇s livelihood and to safeguard the stability of the reform-and-opening undertakings.
基金supported in part by the JSPS KAKENHI under Grants 23K11072in part by the China Scholarship Council under Grants 202308050055
文摘Industry 5.0 blows the whistle on a new industrial revolution,aiming to refocus industrial development by reintegrating the human factor into the technological equation.On the eve of the revolution,the comprehensive surveys for Industry 5.0 would provide important support for future development.However,current surveys for Industry 5.0 are still in their infancy and some gaps remain.(ⅰ)Current work lacks a comprehensive technical architecture for Industry 5.0 and an in-depth analysis of the enabling technologies that will drive Industry 5.0;(ⅱ)There is no comprehensive survey on security issues of Industry 5.0,which will directly hinder its development;(ⅲ)As Industry 5.0 introduces people into the technological equation,then it will also further consider the broader human interests in its security equation.It is an open issue that traditional security classifications cannot summarize these new security threats in Industry 5.0.Therefore,this survey starts by reviewing the latest key enabling technologies and proposing an overall technology hierarchical structure for Industry 5.0.Second,we investigate the triad of security issues in Industry 5.0,which includes threats and countermeasures for functional safety,information security,and humanized security.Among them,we define the third security issue in Industry 5.0,humanized security,which includes safeguarding the broader interests and rights of individuals,machines,and society.Finally,we summarize future challenges and research trends.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first comprehensive overview of security in Industry 5.0,in which humanized security is defined for the first time.
文摘The delivery of security to state and citizens will continue to be the daunting task facing nation states in Africa.Many African countries are becoming increasingly unable to deliver security to their citizens and in some instances;states themselves have become sources of insecurity.This is attributed less to the evolving security threats exacerbated by megatrends but more to the governance deficit manifested in weak social contract and strategic leadership that are short supply in many African countries.Despite a well-articulated security and defense policy of the African Union with a call for its member states to do the same,there is a dearth of national security strategies in most African states.This is largely attributed not only to the lack of effective implementation mechanisms of such policy but importantly to the absence of tools to help member states to craft and implement their national security strategies.There is a convincing wealth of evidence that shows a well-designed and inclusive process of developing national security strategies enables decision-makers to better confront the security threats and improve effective delivery of security to all citizens and state.Such a process provides an invaluable opportunity as well for forging a new social contract between state and its people.This article is an attempt to contribute to rethinking of how security could be perceived,planned,and delivered to the citizens in Africa.
文摘The research progress of a novel traffic solution,a submerged floating tunnel（SFT）,is reviewed in terms of a study approach and loading scenario.Among existing publications,the buoyancy-weight ratio（BWR） is usually predefined.However,BWR is a critical structural parameter that tremendously affects the dynamic behaviour of not only the tunnel tube itself but also the cable system.In the context of a SFT prototype（SFTP） project in Qiandao Lake（Zhejiang Province,China）,the importance of BWR is illustrated by finite element analysis and subsequently,an optimized BWR is proposed within a reasonable range in the present study.In the numerical model,structural damping is identified to be of importance.Rayleigh damping and the corresponding Rayleigh coefficients are attained through a sensitivity study,which shows that the adopted damping ratios are fairly suitable for SFTP.Lastly,the human sense of security is considered by quantifying the comfort index,which helps further optimize BWR in the SFTP structural parameter design.
文摘In the wake of the September 11,2001 terrorist attacks, there is a growing sense of insecurity felt by many citizens around the world. Sustainable security, with roots in the sustainable development and human security literature, seeks positive transformations for the co-evolving and mutually dependent human-environmental condition by integrating （and subsuming） national, human, environmental, and energy security concems and capitalizing on opportunities provided by human creativity, diplomatic openings, modernization and environmental change. The field of Sustainable Security Systems Engineering is proposed for protecting, restoring, designing, and implementing a set of integrated natural and man-made processes that equitably and responsibly meet the biophysical needs of human communities, while maintaining long-term security, respecting financial constraints, meeting ecological limits, and improving institutional arrangements for transparent and effective governance. Scenario planning is shown to help promote sustainable security by identifying the preconditions of instability and helping to proactively address them in an increasingly complex and uncertain world. The six papers published in this featured collection cross policy domains, geographic, political, and sectoral boundaries and were discussed at forums sponsored by the Systems Engineering and Global Policy group. Collectively, they demonstrate the quality, breadth and depth of systems engineering methodologies that are used to promote sustainable security.
文摘In the paper, application of modem biotech was summarized and accompanying ethical problems were highlighted. In addition, four basic principles for modem biotech development were proposed.
文摘Boko Haram is wreaking havoc in the West African nation of Nigeria and the sub-region at large. The terror has seen Nigeria shaken to its core and stretched to its limits, socially, politically, and economically, with the abduction of the Chibok school girls serving as an epitome of the country＇s powerlessness to contain the Islamic militants. The homegrown insurgency is now a fully-fledged terrorist organization adopting a transnational posture, which has kept Nigeria decentralized and vulnerable and is endangering neighboring countries in the region. The Nigerian government has the onus task of regaining stability, restoring peace and general well-being of the citizens. Responses from these governments have been varied but mainly militaristic. The article assesses the response of the continental body--the African Union （AU）. I observe that the AU has not directional or positional approach to the Nigerian conundrum. There has been, however, a potent coalition--multinational task force to contain the violent; the only effective response from Nigeria＇s neighbors and this is because of geopolitical proximity. I suggest as long term solutions, non-militaristic approaches to the Nigerian dilemma and addressing corruption.
基金This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP 16H05648.
文摘This study revisits the concept of resilience by critically reviewing the contents of previous literature. Furthermore, it explains a new methodology for measuring resilience based on the theory of springs and qualitatively appraises the resiliency of Minamisanriku town as a case study. Minamisanriku is a tiny coastal town located in the northeastern part of the Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. The town was affected by an earthquake on March 11, 2011, with a magnitude of 9.0, followed by a tsunami. According to the authors’ previously proposed conceptual framework, resilience should be considered by dividing it into three components: onsite capacity, instantaneous survivability, and the recovery potentiality of an area. Each component of the framework depends on two or three factors that can be measured using different indicators and sub-indicators. Onsite capacity is the ability of a given place to withstand a tsunami before it arrives, and it has been considered indispensable for the prevention of a tsunami. Instantaneous survivability is the power to be alive at the point of a disaster climax. Returning speed to its normal daily routines once a catastrophe is over is called recovery potentiality. It is understood that strengthening onsite capacity by moving residences to higher ground, building seawalls and paved roads, relocation of fishing industry infrastructure, and land elevation in Minamisanriku town makes it a benchmark for resilient cities.
