Ro-Ro vessels for cargo and passengers （RoPax） are a relatively new concept that has proven to be popular in the Mediterranean region and is becoming more widespread in Northern Europe. Due to its design characteris...Ro-Ro vessels for cargo and passengers （RoPax） are a relatively new concept that has proven to be popular in the Mediterranean region and is becoming more widespread in Northern Europe. Due to its design characteristics and amount of passengers, although less than a regular passenger liner, accidents with RoPax vessels have far reaching consequences both for economical and for human life. The objective of this paper is to identify hazards related to casualties of RoPax vessels. The terminal casualty events chosen are related to accident and incident statistics for this type of vessel. This paper focuses on the identification of the basic events that can lead to an accident and the performance requirements. The hazard identification is carried out as the first step of a Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） and the modelling of the relation between the relevant events is made using Fault Tree Analysis （FTA）. The conclusions of this study are recommendations to the later steps of FSA rather than for decision making （Step 5 of FSA）. These recommendations will be focused on the possible design shortcomings identified during the analysis by fault trees throughout cut sets. Also the role that human factors have is analysed through a sensitivity analysis where it is shown that their influence is higher for groundings and collisions where an increase of the initial probability leads to the change of almost 90% of the accident occurrence.展开更多
针对风力发电机组频发的火灾事故,首先从人-机-环-管角度出发,通过统计分析近20年来全球81起风力发电机组火灾事故案例,得到了21项风力发电机组火灾事故的影响因素;然后通过事故树分析(fault tree analysis,FTA)法演绎推理得到了风力发...针对风力发电机组频发的火灾事故,首先从人-机-环-管角度出发,通过统计分析近20年来全球81起风力发电机组火灾事故案例,得到了21项风力发电机组火灾事故的影响因素;然后通过事故树分析(fault tree analysis,FTA)法演绎推理得到了风力发电机组火灾事故各基本事件的逻辑关系,并根据结构重要度进行了火灾事故致因的定性分析;接着采用模糊层次分析(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,FAHP)法,将事故树的基本事件从人、机、环、管4个方面整合,构建出风力发电机组火灾事故致因评价指标体系,并以结构重要度系数的顺序为模糊判断矩阵的赋值依据,进行了火灾事故致因的定量分析;最后,根据综合分析结果提出了风力发电机组火灾事故的对策措施。结果表明:机和环境的不安全因素是引发火灾事故的主要致因;电气设备故障和雷击是最主要因素。该研究成果可为风力发电机组的火灾防治提供理论参考。展开更多
文摘Ro-Ro vessels for cargo and passengers （RoPax） are a relatively new concept that has proven to be popular in the Mediterranean region and is becoming more widespread in Northern Europe. Due to its design characteristics and amount of passengers, although less than a regular passenger liner, accidents with RoPax vessels have far reaching consequences both for economical and for human life. The objective of this paper is to identify hazards related to casualties of RoPax vessels. The terminal casualty events chosen are related to accident and incident statistics for this type of vessel. This paper focuses on the identification of the basic events that can lead to an accident and the performance requirements. The hazard identification is carried out as the first step of a Formal Safety Assessment （FSA） and the modelling of the relation between the relevant events is made using Fault Tree Analysis （FTA）. The conclusions of this study are recommendations to the later steps of FSA rather than for decision making （Step 5 of FSA）. These recommendations will be focused on the possible design shortcomings identified during the analysis by fault trees throughout cut sets. Also the role that human factors have is analysed through a sensitivity analysis where it is shown that their influence is higher for groundings and collisions where an increase of the initial probability leads to the change of almost 90% of the accident occurrence.
