The International Health Regulations(IHR)of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox(mpox)cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization(WHO)between 8 May and 2 July 2024....The International Health Regulations(IHR)of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox(mpox)cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization(WHO)between 8 May and 2 July 2024.All the cases were men aged between 17 and 43 years and 11 were men who have sex with men.Out of these cases,15 cases were living with un-managed or recently diagnosed HIV infection.All these cases were symptomatic with extensive skin lesions and required hospitalization.This sudden incidence of mpox cases without any prior history of international travel,high prevalence of HIV and high case fatality ratio,suggests that the community transmission is still prevalent.Rise of mpox cases in vulnerable groups in South Africa has the potential for increased health impact in people living in neighboring countries and has the risk of cross border and international spread.Due to this reason,national health authorities in South Africa have initiated various response measures with the support from the WHO to control this infection[1].展开更多
This study assesses the causes and prevention measures of rabies through epidemiological investigation and analysis. A field epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate a case of rabies by fox bite. The onset ...This study assesses the causes and prevention measures of rabies through epidemiological investigation and analysis. A field epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate a case of rabies by fox bite. The onset of symptoms began 50 days after the bite. The patient did not receive standard treatment, rabies vaccination, or rabies immunoglobulin injection. The fox was killed on the spot. Saliva and pre-death blood samples were collected at different periods, and only blood RT-PCR tests yielded positive results. Wild fox bite is a major risk factor of rabies infection in Xinjiang Province, China.展开更多
Objective To survey avian influenza A viruses(AIVs) in the environment and explore the reasons for the surge in human H7 N9 cases.Methods A total of 1,045 samples were collected from routine surveillance on poultry-re...Objective To survey avian influenza A viruses(AIVs) in the environment and explore the reasons for the surge in human H7 N9 cases.Methods A total of 1,045 samples were collected from routine surveillance on poultry-related environments and 307 samples from human H7 N9 cases-exposed environments in Henan from 2016 to2017. The nucleic acids of influenza A(Flu A), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results A total of 27 H7 N9 cases were confirmed in Henan from 2016 to 2017, 24 had a history of live poultry exposure, and 15 had H7 N9 virus detected in the related live poultry markets(LPMs). About 96%(264/275) Flu A positive-environmental samples were from LPMs. H9 was the main AIV subtype(10.05%) from routine surveillance sites with only 1 H7-positive sample, whereas 21.17% samples were H7-positive in H7 N9 cases-exposed environments. Samples from H7 N9 cases-exposed LPMs(47.56%)had much higher AIVs positive rates than those from routine surveillance sites(12.34%). The H7+H9 combination of mixed infection was 78.18%(43/55) of H7-positive samples and 41.34%(43/104) of H9-positive samples.Conclusion The contamination status of AIVs in poultry-related environments is closely associated with the incidence of human infection caused by AIVs. Therefore, systematic surveillance of AIVs in LPMs in China is essential for the detection of novel reassortant viruses and their potential for interspecies transmission.展开更多
Human rights issues are practical political issues in the realm of international relations. Publicizing hu man rights to the rest of the wold i： one key means of spreading the tru image of a rising and responsibl l...Human rights issues are practical political issues in the realm of international relations. Publicizing hu man rights to the rest of the wold i： one key means of spreading the tru image of a rising and responsibl large country. Effective publicit3 regarding human rights developmen can help China win undersandin and respect from the internationa community for China＇s human rightt policies, show the image of a demo cratic, progressive, civilized ant open large country, and create favor. able global public opinion for China Since the Communist Party of Chin （CPC） attaches great importance tc publicity regarding key human right, issues of economic and social signifi. cance in China and of international concern as well, it has organizec relevant press conferences and corn. piled white papers on human rights. White papers are important means fol China to publicize its human right, progress to the rest of the world anc are important windows by which foreign countries can understanc China＇s policies, principled stand, and achievements related to humar rights. Based on a review of Chinese government white papers, this article discusses the work, function and modes of human rights publicity.展开更多
Objective:Human diphyllobothriosis is a global fish-borne zoonosis affecting approximately 20 million people.This study reports the first human case of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus(D.dendriticus)in China and explores...Objective:Human diphyllobothriosis is a global fish-borne zoonosis affecting approximately 20 million people.This study reports the first human case of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus(D.dendriticus)in China and explores its epidemiological and phylogenetic implications.Methods:Morphological features of eggs and proglottids were examined.The mitochondrial cox1 gene was sequenced for species identification.Phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological data were analyzed to trace the infection source.Results:The expelled tapeworm measured 50 cm in length and 0.7 cm in width.The gravid proglottid was longer than wide,with a centrally positioned uterus.Eggs measured 63.29±1.17×48.31±0.94μm(n=15)and had an operculum.The cox1 gene(PQ169609)showed 99.87%homology with D.dendriticus(AM412738.2).Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the parasite as D.dendriticus.Consumption of raw salmon in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(May 2023)and raw trout in Beijing Municipality(August 2022)were identified as potential infection sources.Phylogenetic analysis linked the strain to one from UK fish(KY552870),suggesting a common origin.Conclusion:This study reports the first human case of D.dendriticus in China.It highlights the emerging threat of D.dendriticus amid globalization and rising fish consumption.Strengthening food safety measures is essential to reducing infection risk.展开更多
Background:China still suffers heavily from rabies,although reported human cases continue to decrease year over year.There are far fewer laboratory-confirmed human cases than clinically diagnosed cases,which is a big ...Background:China still suffers heavily from rabies,although reported human cases continue to decrease year over year.There are far fewer laboratory-confirmed human cases than clinically diagnosed cases,which is a big problem that needs to be addressed.In this report,we summarize analyses of all specimens from human cases tested in our laboratory over the past 15 years,in order to promote laboratory diagnosis of rabies.Methods:From 2005 to 2019,a total of 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases were collected from local hospitals by the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in China.Saliva,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),serum(blood)and urine were collected for ante-mortem diagnosis,and brain tissue,neck skin tissue and cornea were collected for post-mortem diagnosis.All of the specimens were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and brain tissues were also tested using fluorescent antibody test(FAT).The number of positive test results obtained using different fluids or tissues,and at different stages of the disease,were compared using a chi-square test and a more effective sampling program is recommended.Results:As the national reference laboratory for rabies surveillance in China,our laboratory has tested 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases collected by local CDCs since 2005.We found that saliva gave the highest number of positive test results(32%),compared with CSF and other fluids.We also found that serum or blood specimens collected in the last 3 days of life can test positive by RT-PCR.Conclusions:Serum or blood samples collected in the last 3 days of a patient’s life can be used to measure viral RNA,which means that serum samples,as well as saliva and CSF,can be used to detect viral RNA for anti-mortem diagnosis of rabies.Because of our findings,we have modified our“National Surveillance Project for Human Rabies”,by adding the collection and testing of serum samples from the end of the survival period.This will improve our national surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of human rabies.展开更多
文摘The International Health Regulations(IHR)of the republic of South Africa confirmed 20 human monkeypox(mpox)cases including the death of 3 individuals to the World Health Organization(WHO)between 8 May and 2 July 2024.All the cases were men aged between 17 and 43 years and 11 were men who have sex with men.Out of these cases,15 cases were living with un-managed or recently diagnosed HIV infection.All these cases were symptomatic with extensive skin lesions and required hospitalization.This sudden incidence of mpox cases without any prior history of international travel,high prevalence of HIV and high case fatality ratio,suggests that the community transmission is still prevalent.Rise of mpox cases in vulnerable groups in South Africa has the potential for increased health impact in people living in neighboring countries and has the risk of cross border and international spread.Due to this reason,national health authorities in South Africa have initiated various response measures with the support from the WHO to control this infection[1].
文摘This study assesses the causes and prevention measures of rabies through epidemiological investigation and analysis. A field epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate a case of rabies by fox bite. The onset of symptoms began 50 days after the bite. The patient did not receive standard treatment, rabies vaccination, or rabies immunoglobulin injection. The fox was killed on the spot. Saliva and pre-death blood samples were collected at different periods, and only blood RT-PCR tests yielded positive results. Wild fox bite is a major risk factor of rabies infection in Xinjiang Province, China.
基金supported by Henan Department of Science and Technology Project [182102310235]Henan Medical Science and Technology Research Project [201702269]Henan Natural Science Foundation [182300410384]
文摘Objective To survey avian influenza A viruses(AIVs) in the environment and explore the reasons for the surge in human H7 N9 cases.Methods A total of 1,045 samples were collected from routine surveillance on poultry-related environments and 307 samples from human H7 N9 cases-exposed environments in Henan from 2016 to2017. The nucleic acids of influenza A(Flu A), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results A total of 27 H7 N9 cases were confirmed in Henan from 2016 to 2017, 24 had a history of live poultry exposure, and 15 had H7 N9 virus detected in the related live poultry markets(LPMs). About 96%(264/275) Flu A positive-environmental samples were from LPMs. H9 was the main AIV subtype(10.05%) from routine surveillance sites with only 1 H7-positive sample, whereas 21.17% samples were H7-positive in H7 N9 cases-exposed environments. Samples from H7 N9 cases-exposed LPMs(47.56%)had much higher AIVs positive rates than those from routine surveillance sites(12.34%). The H7+H9 combination of mixed infection was 78.18%(43/55) of H7-positive samples and 41.34%(43/104) of H9-positive samples.Conclusion The contamination status of AIVs in poultry-related environments is closely associated with the incidence of human infection caused by AIVs. Therefore, systematic surveillance of AIVs in LPMs in China is essential for the detection of novel reassortant viruses and their potential for interspecies transmission.
文摘Human rights issues are practical political issues in the realm of international relations. Publicizing hu man rights to the rest of the wold i： one key means of spreading the tru image of a rising and responsibl large country. Effective publicit3 regarding human rights developmen can help China win undersandin and respect from the internationa community for China＇s human rightt policies, show the image of a demo cratic, progressive, civilized ant open large country, and create favor. able global public opinion for China Since the Communist Party of Chin （CPC） attaches great importance tc publicity regarding key human right, issues of economic and social signifi. cance in China and of international concern as well, it has organizec relevant press conferences and corn. piled white papers on human rights. White papers are important means fol China to publicize its human right, progress to the rest of the world anc are important windows by which foreign countries can understanc China＇s policies, principled stand, and achievements related to humar rights. Based on a review of Chinese government white papers, this article discusses the work, function and modes of human rights publicity.
基金Supported by the Three-Year Initiative Plan for Strengthening Public Health System Construction in Shanghai(2023-2025)Key Discipline Project(GWVI-11.1-12)the National Parasite Resource Center(NPRC-2019-194-30).
文摘Objective:Human diphyllobothriosis is a global fish-borne zoonosis affecting approximately 20 million people.This study reports the first human case of Dibothriocephalus dendriticus(D.dendriticus)in China and explores its epidemiological and phylogenetic implications.Methods:Morphological features of eggs and proglottids were examined.The mitochondrial cox1 gene was sequenced for species identification.Phylogenetic analysis and epidemiological data were analyzed to trace the infection source.Results:The expelled tapeworm measured 50 cm in length and 0.7 cm in width.The gravid proglottid was longer than wide,with a centrally positioned uterus.Eggs measured 63.29±1.17×48.31±0.94μm(n=15)and had an operculum.The cox1 gene(PQ169609)showed 99.87%homology with D.dendriticus(AM412738.2).Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the parasite as D.dendriticus.Consumption of raw salmon in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region(May 2023)and raw trout in Beijing Municipality(August 2022)were identified as potential infection sources.Phylogenetic analysis linked the strain to one from UK fish(KY552870),suggesting a common origin.Conclusion:This study reports the first human case of D.dendriticus in China.It highlights the emerging threat of D.dendriticus amid globalization and rising fish consumption.Strengthening food safety measures is essential to reducing infection risk.
基金This work was supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017ZX10104001,2018ZX10201002,2018ZX10713002,2018ZX10734404,2018ZX10102001)the National Program on Key Research Project of China(2016YFD0500400)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1200503)the Science and Technology Project of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(JY18–2-12).
文摘Background:China still suffers heavily from rabies,although reported human cases continue to decrease year over year.There are far fewer laboratory-confirmed human cases than clinically diagnosed cases,which is a big problem that needs to be addressed.In this report,we summarize analyses of all specimens from human cases tested in our laboratory over the past 15 years,in order to promote laboratory diagnosis of rabies.Methods:From 2005 to 2019,a total of 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases were collected from local hospitals by the local Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in China.Saliva,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),serum(blood)and urine were collected for ante-mortem diagnosis,and brain tissue,neck skin tissue and cornea were collected for post-mortem diagnosis.All of the specimens were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and brain tissues were also tested using fluorescent antibody test(FAT).The number of positive test results obtained using different fluids or tissues,and at different stages of the disease,were compared using a chi-square test and a more effective sampling program is recommended.Results:As the national reference laboratory for rabies surveillance in China,our laboratory has tested 271 samples from 164 suspected rabies cases collected by local CDCs since 2005.We found that saliva gave the highest number of positive test results(32%),compared with CSF and other fluids.We also found that serum or blood specimens collected in the last 3 days of life can test positive by RT-PCR.Conclusions:Serum or blood samples collected in the last 3 days of a patient’s life can be used to measure viral RNA,which means that serum samples,as well as saliva and CSF,can be used to detect viral RNA for anti-mortem diagnosis of rabies.Because of our findings,we have modified our“National Surveillance Project for Human Rabies”,by adding the collection and testing of serum samples from the end of the survival period.This will improve our national surveillance and laboratory diagnosis of human rabies.
