To the Editor:Previous studies have reported the increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles in patients with hematological diseases,including acute myeloid leukemia(AML),acute lymphoblastic leukemia(AL...To the Editor:Previous studies have reported the increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles in patients with hematological diseases,including acute myeloid leukemia(AML),acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS),and aplastic anemia(AA).[1]However,there is currently a lack of large-sample research analyzing HLA blocks and haplotypes in relation to hematological diseases.HLA is inherited in the form of haplotypes,and there is a strong linkage disequilibrium between adjacent HLA loci on chromosomes.HLA-A is located within the alpha block;HLA-B and C are located within the beta block;HLADRB1,DQB1,DRB3/4/5,and DQA1 are located within the delta block;and HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 are located within the epsilon block.When the frequencies of HLA alleles increase,the alleles at other loci linked within the same block or haplotype may also exhibit increased frequencies.This study aimed to analyze whether alleles with increased frequency are located within the same block or haplotype,and to investigate whether HLA block analysis or haplotype analysis is more meaningful for association studies of hematological diseases.展开更多
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)has shown promise in estimating gross primary production(GPP);however,there is a lack of global GPP datasets directly utilizing SIF with models possessing clear expression of...Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)has shown promise in estimating gross primary production(GPP);however,there is a lack of global GPP datasets directly utilizing SIF with models possessing clear expression of the biophysical and biological processes in photosynthesis.This study introduces a new global 0.05°SIF-based GPP dataset(CMLR GPP,based on Canopy-scale Mechanistic Light Reaction model)using TROPOMI observations.A modified mechanistic light response model was employed at the canopy scale to generate this dataset.The canopy qL(opened fraction of photosynthesis II reaction centers),required by the CMLR model,was parameterized using a random forest model.The CMLR GPP estimates showed a strong correlation with tower-based GPP(R^(2)=0.72)in the validation dataset,and it showed comparable performance with other global datasets such as Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator(BEPS)GPP,FluxSat GPP,and GOSIF(global,OCO-2-based SIF product)GPP at a global scale.The high accuracy of CMLR GPP was consistent across various normalized difference vegetation index,vapor pressure deficit,and temperature conditions,as well as different plant functional types and most months of the year.In conclusion,CMLR GPP is a novel global GPP dataset based on mechanistic frameworks,whose availability is expected to contribute to future research in ecological and geobiological regions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070180).
文摘To the Editor:Previous studies have reported the increased frequency of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles in patients with hematological diseases,including acute myeloid leukemia(AML),acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL),myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS),and aplastic anemia(AA).[1]However,there is currently a lack of large-sample research analyzing HLA blocks and haplotypes in relation to hematological diseases.HLA is inherited in the form of haplotypes,and there is a strong linkage disequilibrium between adjacent HLA loci on chromosomes.HLA-A is located within the alpha block;HLA-B and C are located within the beta block;HLADRB1,DQB1,DRB3/4/5,and DQA1 are located within the delta block;and HLA-DPA1 and DPB1 are located within the epsilon block.When the frequencies of HLA alleles increase,the alleles at other loci linked within the same block or haplotype may also exhibit increased frequencies.This study aimed to analyze whether alleles with increased frequency are located within the same block or haplotype,and to investigate whether HLA block analysis or haplotype analysis is more meaningful for association studies of hematological diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 41825002 and 42071310)supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy-EXC 2070-390732324.
文摘Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)has shown promise in estimating gross primary production(GPP);however,there is a lack of global GPP datasets directly utilizing SIF with models possessing clear expression of the biophysical and biological processes in photosynthesis.This study introduces a new global 0.05°SIF-based GPP dataset(CMLR GPP,based on Canopy-scale Mechanistic Light Reaction model)using TROPOMI observations.A modified mechanistic light response model was employed at the canopy scale to generate this dataset.The canopy qL(opened fraction of photosynthesis II reaction centers),required by the CMLR model,was parameterized using a random forest model.The CMLR GPP estimates showed a strong correlation with tower-based GPP(R^(2)=0.72)in the validation dataset,and it showed comparable performance with other global datasets such as Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator(BEPS)GPP,FluxSat GPP,and GOSIF(global,OCO-2-based SIF product)GPP at a global scale.The high accuracy of CMLR GPP was consistent across various normalized difference vegetation index,vapor pressure deficit,and temperature conditions,as well as different plant functional types and most months of the year.In conclusion,CMLR GPP is a novel global GPP dataset based on mechanistic frameworks,whose availability is expected to contribute to future research in ecological and geobiological regions.
