This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empiric...This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions:the impact of HPF payments on household income and housing loan behavior,and the impact on the Gini coefficient of housing assets within the group.The results indicate that the HPF payment does not significantly impact household income levels.Instead,it increases their likelihood of obtaining housing loans,particularly for middle-income households.Additionally,for any group of families,the HPF payment decreased the housing Gini coefficient among households by approximately 0.11 units.This study may be the first to provide the most direct empirical evidence on the extent of HPF’s impact on housing inequality within a group.It also questions the inference in the literature that“HPF will aggravate housing inequality within the group.”Based on this study’s findings,we expect that housing inequality will continue to be alleviated with continued HPF implementation.In particular,this effect will be more significant if the credit support for lowincome families to purchase houses through the HPF can be further enhanced.展开更多
The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly tempera...The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data in 1961-1990 from 48 stations on the QXP, the temperature data are extended backward to 1901 with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, microscopic characteristics of contemporary climatic change over the QXP are analyzed, and the response of the plateau climate to global warming is discussed in combination with atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs. The results show that the plateau climate, as a whole, has been warming since the early part of this century, that the precipitation has generally been increasing during the recent 30 years, and that these climatic trends seem to be related to the enhanced green house effect induced by increasing CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.展开更多
Reform and opening up has made China’s economy develop faster than ever. But it has not succeeded in changing the regional disparity in China. In this article, we establish a model factor input called the "lock-...Reform and opening up has made China’s economy develop faster than ever. But it has not succeeded in changing the regional disparity in China. In this article, we establish a model factor input called the "lock-in effect" and analyze the channel of the lock-in effect and how it influences the regional economy. On the analyses of thirty provinces’ panel data in China from 1990 to 2005, we find that the lock-in effect of factor inputs further exacerbates the developmental imbalance among regions.展开更多
To understand the health effects of the temporary housing after the September 1999 earthquake in Taiwan, we conducted the object observation, environmental monitoring, questionnaire survey, and disease analysis in bot...To understand the health effects of the temporary housing after the September 1999 earthquake in Taiwan, we conducted the object observation, environmental monitoring, questionnaire survey, and disease analysis in both spring and autumn seasons to rate the presence and magnitude of exposures of environmental hazards. In the hot season more people identified poor ventilation, dampness, hot, odor, and insecurity as sources of hazards. The health effects on the cervix and vagina, liver, and respiratory disease assessed by clinic visits were corresponded to the environmental exposures, and complaints. It was suggested that reducing the risks to temporary housing residences by means of improving housing ventilation and providing community security when the permanent housing was not finished from the experience of Chi-Chi earthquake disaster in Taiwan.展开更多
Since the 1980s, China’s commercial housing market has shown an unprecedented rapid development, and the commercial houses still has a high price. This paper studies the sales rate of commercial housing sales to find...Since the 1980s, China’s commercial housing market has shown an unprecedented rapid development, and the commercial houses still has a high price. This paper studies the sales rate of commercial housing sales to find an appropriate model, and it analyzes the volatility of the commercial housing market to describe the sustainable development of the commercial housing market. By selecting month data of China’s commercial housing sales from January 2006 to October 2018, this paper uses EViews7.2 and the ARMA Model as the tool in order to establish EARCH(1,1) through the method of quantitative analysis. It is found that the yield of commercial housing sales has obvious cluster, asymmetry and leverage effect, and the impact of adverse news on the commercial housing market is more significant than the impact of favorable news.展开更多
The city of Van is located to the Eastern Region of Turkey and has experienced two large earthquakes recently. Van earthquakes have caused big damages and demolitions in the city center, districts and in villages. As ...The city of Van is located to the Eastern Region of Turkey and has experienced two large earthquakes recently. Van earthquakes have caused big damages and demolitions in the city center, districts and in villages. As a result of precautions works have been realized to remove its effects shortly. However, it can be seen that the either urban or rural areas of the city carry the earthquake’s traces. Damages that the eartquake left on the buildings formed the most apparent and standing ones of the traces. Mud-brick buildings are the primary of those damaged buildings both in the centre of Van and in villages. Especially roofs’ collapsing and then walls’ demolition for mud-brick houses which were abandoned, and therefore were not maintained properly for a long time, are quite familiar situations after the earthquake. However, inhabited and maintained houses have been survived sturdily by contrast of other houses with modern materials and they helpt life to continue after the earthquake. In this study, mud-brick houses which were survived after earthquakes in Van and in the villages will be discussed. Reasons for demolition of those demolished and the qualities of those surviving ones will be scrutinized. It is going to be discussed how the mud-brick material which is distinguishing and struggling to gain it deserves as an ecological material today to resist against natural disasters sturdily when it is applied in decent way in scope with examples in the city of Van. Purpose of this study is to document right and wrong usage of the mud-brick materials with examples.展开更多
This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property va...This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property values near the HS2 station and proposed construction site before and after the announcement.Results show a 3.6%decrease in house prices and a 3.9%decline in rents near the station,while properties near the construction site experienced a 2.4%increase in prices and a 2.1%rise in rents.This is the first paper to analyse the HS2 cancellation effect using panel data methods.展开更多
A new piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed which employs the coupling effect between a piezoelectric beam and an elastic-supported sphere to capture wind energy from multiple directions.As wind flows across the ...A new piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed which employs the coupling effect between a piezoelectric beam and an elastic-supported sphere to capture wind energy from multiple directions.As wind flows across the sphere,it induces vortical vibrations that transfer to the piezoelectric beam,converting wind energy into electricity.A nonlinear coupled dynamic theoretical model based on the Euler-Lagrange equation is developed to study the interactions between the sphere and beam vibrations.The vortex-induced force acting on the sphere is determined,and the dynamic model of the coupled system is validated through experiments.The results show that in order to reach convergence,at least four modes are required in the Galerkin discretization.Moreover,the output performance of the energy harvester strongly depends on the frequency ratio between the sphere and the piezoelectric beam.We find that at a frequency ratio of approximately 1.34,the harvester achieves a maximum average power of 190μW at a wind speed of 3.90 m/s,with the lock-in region between 2.63 and 5.30 m/s.Subsequently,the impact of wind flow direction on the electrical performance of the energy harvester is investigated in a wind tunnel,by adjusting the angle between the harvester and incoming flows ranging from 0°to 360°.The findings indicate that the harvester maintains strong and consistent performance across variable wind flow directions and speeds.Particularly within the lock-in region,the output voltage fluctuations are below 5.5%,showcasing the robustness of the design.This result points to the potential utility of this novel harvester in complex environments.Our study also provides a theoretical basis for the development of small-scale offshore wind energy harvesting technologies.展开更多
It has long been posited that rural areas can benefit from nearby urban agglomerations through commuting, and that their development could be a side product of urban growth, but the results from the sparsely populated...It has long been posited that rural areas can benefit from nearby urban agglomerations through commuting, and that their development could be a side product of urban growth, but the results from the sparsely populated regions have not been promising. In this study, we investigate the possibilities of rural-urban commuting to support rural development, and explore the spatial ex-tent of the working regions if jobs are concentrated in the regional centre as indicated by recent trends. Spread effects are simply operated by an economic possibility to rural-urban commuting determined by a sum of housing and commuting costs from disposable income. The results show that the population growth in city regions does not extend to distant rural areas. It, instead, leads to population losses in remote areas due to backwash effects as the low disposable incomes encourage especially low-income households to migrate from remote locations closer to the centre. The spread effects seem to work only in the limited rural areas located next to the urban core which encourages the support of remote rural areas through place-based policy.展开更多
Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Sav...Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.展开更多
基金funded by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Project No.23XJC790007).
文摘This study explores the housing distribution effect of the Housing Provident Fund(HPF)system on households.Utilizing data from the China Household Finance Survey conducted in 2013,2015,2017,and 2019,this study empirically investigates this effect from two dimensions:the impact of HPF payments on household income and housing loan behavior,and the impact on the Gini coefficient of housing assets within the group.The results indicate that the HPF payment does not significantly impact household income levels.Instead,it increases their likelihood of obtaining housing loans,particularly for middle-income households.Additionally,for any group of families,the HPF payment decreased the housing Gini coefficient among households by approximately 0.11 units.This study may be the first to provide the most direct empirical evidence on the extent of HPF’s impact on housing inequality within a group.It also questions the inference in the literature that“HPF will aggravate housing inequality within the group.”Based on this study’s findings,we expect that housing inequality will continue to be alleviated with continued HPF implementation.In particular,this effect will be more significant if the credit support for lowincome families to purchase houses through the HPF can be further enhanced.
文摘The knowledge of contemporary climatic change over the Qinghai Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QXP) has been inadequate for a long time due to lack of enough observational data. In this paper, on the basis of monthly temperature and precipitation data in 1961-1990 from 48 stations on the QXP, the temperature data are extended backward to 1901 with an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, microscopic characteristics of contemporary climatic change over the QXP are analyzed, and the response of the plateau climate to global warming is discussed in combination with atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) outputs. The results show that the plateau climate, as a whole, has been warming since the early part of this century, that the precipitation has generally been increasing during the recent 30 years, and that these climatic trends seem to be related to the enhanced green house effect induced by increasing CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere.
文摘Reform and opening up has made China’s economy develop faster than ever. But it has not succeeded in changing the regional disparity in China. In this article, we establish a model factor input called the "lock-in effect" and analyze the channel of the lock-in effect and how it influences the regional economy. On the analyses of thirty provinces’ panel data in China from 1990 to 2005, we find that the lock-in effect of factor inputs further exacerbates the developmental imbalance among regions.
文摘To understand the health effects of the temporary housing after the September 1999 earthquake in Taiwan, we conducted the object observation, environmental monitoring, questionnaire survey, and disease analysis in both spring and autumn seasons to rate the presence and magnitude of exposures of environmental hazards. In the hot season more people identified poor ventilation, dampness, hot, odor, and insecurity as sources of hazards. The health effects on the cervix and vagina, liver, and respiratory disease assessed by clinic visits were corresponded to the environmental exposures, and complaints. It was suggested that reducing the risks to temporary housing residences by means of improving housing ventilation and providing community security when the permanent housing was not finished from the experience of Chi-Chi earthquake disaster in Taiwan.
文摘Since the 1980s, China’s commercial housing market has shown an unprecedented rapid development, and the commercial houses still has a high price. This paper studies the sales rate of commercial housing sales to find an appropriate model, and it analyzes the volatility of the commercial housing market to describe the sustainable development of the commercial housing market. By selecting month data of China’s commercial housing sales from January 2006 to October 2018, this paper uses EViews7.2 and the ARMA Model as the tool in order to establish EARCH(1,1) through the method of quantitative analysis. It is found that the yield of commercial housing sales has obvious cluster, asymmetry and leverage effect, and the impact of adverse news on the commercial housing market is more significant than the impact of favorable news.
文摘The city of Van is located to the Eastern Region of Turkey and has experienced two large earthquakes recently. Van earthquakes have caused big damages and demolitions in the city center, districts and in villages. As a result of precautions works have been realized to remove its effects shortly. However, it can be seen that the either urban or rural areas of the city carry the earthquake’s traces. Damages that the eartquake left on the buildings formed the most apparent and standing ones of the traces. Mud-brick buildings are the primary of those damaged buildings both in the centre of Van and in villages. Especially roofs’ collapsing and then walls’ demolition for mud-brick houses which were abandoned, and therefore were not maintained properly for a long time, are quite familiar situations after the earthquake. However, inhabited and maintained houses have been survived sturdily by contrast of other houses with modern materials and they helpt life to continue after the earthquake. In this study, mud-brick houses which were survived after earthquakes in Van and in the villages will be discussed. Reasons for demolition of those demolished and the qualities of those surviving ones will be scrutinized. It is going to be discussed how the mud-brick material which is distinguishing and struggling to gain it deserves as an ecological material today to resist against natural disasters sturdily when it is applied in decent way in scope with examples in the city of Van. Purpose of this study is to document right and wrong usage of the mud-brick materials with examples.
文摘This paper uses the HS2 extension cancellation in November 2021 as a quasi-experiment to study its impact on house prices and rents in Leeds.Using a DiD approach on repeat sales and monthly rents,I compare property values near the HS2 station and proposed construction site before and after the announcement.Results show a 3.6%decrease in house prices and a 3.9%decline in rents near the station,while properties near the construction site experienced a 2.4%increase in prices and a 2.1%rise in rents.This is the first paper to analyse the HS2 cancellation effect using panel data methods.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFF0501001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52308315,51922046,and 52192661)+4 种基金the Research Funds of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(No.2023JCYJ014)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M731206)the Research Funds of China Railway Siyuan Survey and Design Group Co.,Ltd.(Nos.KY2023014S,KY2023126S,2021K085,2020K006,and 2020K172)the Research Fund of China Construction Science and Industry(No.CSCEC-PT-004-2022-KT-3.3)the Autonomous Innovation Fund of Hubei Province(No.5003242027),China.
文摘A new piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed which employs the coupling effect between a piezoelectric beam and an elastic-supported sphere to capture wind energy from multiple directions.As wind flows across the sphere,it induces vortical vibrations that transfer to the piezoelectric beam,converting wind energy into electricity.A nonlinear coupled dynamic theoretical model based on the Euler-Lagrange equation is developed to study the interactions between the sphere and beam vibrations.The vortex-induced force acting on the sphere is determined,and the dynamic model of the coupled system is validated through experiments.The results show that in order to reach convergence,at least four modes are required in the Galerkin discretization.Moreover,the output performance of the energy harvester strongly depends on the frequency ratio between the sphere and the piezoelectric beam.We find that at a frequency ratio of approximately 1.34,the harvester achieves a maximum average power of 190μW at a wind speed of 3.90 m/s,with the lock-in region between 2.63 and 5.30 m/s.Subsequently,the impact of wind flow direction on the electrical performance of the energy harvester is investigated in a wind tunnel,by adjusting the angle between the harvester and incoming flows ranging from 0°to 360°.The findings indicate that the harvester maintains strong and consistent performance across variable wind flow directions and speeds.Particularly within the lock-in region,the output voltage fluctuations are below 5.5%,showcasing the robustness of the design.This result points to the potential utility of this novel harvester in complex environments.Our study also provides a theoretical basis for the development of small-scale offshore wind energy harvesting technologies.
文摘It has long been posited that rural areas can benefit from nearby urban agglomerations through commuting, and that their development could be a side product of urban growth, but the results from the sparsely populated regions have not been promising. In this study, we investigate the possibilities of rural-urban commuting to support rural development, and explore the spatial ex-tent of the working regions if jobs are concentrated in the regional centre as indicated by recent trends. Spread effects are simply operated by an economic possibility to rural-urban commuting determined by a sum of housing and commuting costs from disposable income. The results show that the population growth in city regions does not extend to distant rural areas. It, instead, leads to population losses in remote areas due to backwash effects as the low disposable incomes encourage especially low-income households to migrate from remote locations closer to the centre. The spread effects seem to work only in the limited rural areas located next to the urban core which encourages the support of remote rural areas through place-based policy.
文摘Abstract： Contractual savings scheme is specific purpose saving, which was provided in Slovakia since 1993. It is a state-supported saving, the purpose of which is to finance housing needs in the Slovak Republic. Savers can be an individual, association of owners or legal person who enters into a contract with building society or for whom the contract about contractual savings scheme is concluded. State bonuses is contractual savings scheme, a significantly more attractive form of targeted saving. This ensures the supply of investment in the construction sector, which in turn through multiplier effect significantly affects other sectors of the national economy. In this article, the authors deal with the influence of contractual savings scheme to the national economy of the Slovak Republic. The main objective of this study is describing the effectiveness of state bonuses for contractual savings scheme. It is simulated through the impact of contractual savings scheme on employment, on public funds and impact on public finances. This effect is illustrated on a model of state subsidizing of each one Euro spent through the state bonuses for contractual savings scheme and its impact for the national economy with offsetting the significant role of the multiplier effect.
