猪支原体肺炎(mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine,MPS)是生猪养殖中危害严重的慢性呼吸道传染病,其致病机制包含病原代谢依赖、宿主免疫逃逸及菌群调控等复杂生物学过程,传统研究手段难以系统解析。基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢...猪支原体肺炎(mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine,MPS)是生猪养殖中危害严重的慢性呼吸道传染病,其致病机制包含病原代谢依赖、宿主免疫逃逸及菌群调控等复杂生物学过程,传统研究手段难以系统解析。基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学及微生物组学等高通量技术的应用为突破这一局限提供了关键工具:基因组学通过全基因组测序与比较分析,定位出P97/P102家族黏附蛋白等关键毒力因子,揭示了菌株毒力分化的基因基础;转录组学通过解析宿主与病原的基因表达差异,勾勒出免疫通路异常激活图谱;蛋白质组学在翻译后修饰层面深入解析,阐明了病原效应蛋白与宿主细胞因子的互作网络;代谢组学追踪小分子代谢物变化,发现病原依赖宿主肌醇代谢的特征及感染后宿主能量代谢向糖酵解倾斜的规律,锁定α-氨基丁酸等潜在感染标志物;微生物组学则揭示了呼吸道菌群多样性降低的失衡状态及肠道菌群的远端调控机制,明确普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella)等菌属对感染易感性和疫苗应答效率的影响。这些组学技术从基因、转录、蛋白、代谢及菌群多个维度协同作用,共同阐释了病原黏附定植、免疫抑制实施、宿主代谢重塑及微生态互作的完整分子逻辑。多组学联合分析通过整合跨维度数据,构建“病原-宿主-菌群”动态网络,阐明了黏附因子破坏宿主纤毛结构、信号通路诱导免疫细胞凋亡及肠道菌群调控疫苗应答等关键生物学事件。笔者系统综述了组学技术及整合分析方法在MPS研究中的应用进展,并探讨了当前技术瓶颈与未来发展方向,为深入解析宿主-病原互作机制及开发精准防控策略提供理论支撑。展开更多
Insects possess specific immune responses to protect themselves from different types of pathogens.Activation of immune cascades can inflict significant developmental costs on the surviving host.To characterize infecti...Insects possess specific immune responses to protect themselves from different types of pathogens.Activation of immune cascades can inflict significant developmental costs on the surviving host.To characterize infection kinetics in a surviving host that experiences baculovirus inoculation,it is crucial to determine the timing of immune responses.Here,we investigated time-dependent immune responses and developmental costs elicited by inoculations from each of two wild-type baculoviruses,Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV)and Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus(HzSNPV),in their common host H.zea.As H.zea is a semi-permissive host of AcMNPV and fully permissive to HzSNPV,we hypothesized there are differential immune responses and fitness costs associated with resisting infection by each virus species.Newly molted 4th-instar larvae that were inoculated with a low dose(LD15)of either virus showed signify icantly higher hemolymph FAD-glucose dehydrogenase(GLD)activities compared to the corresponding control larvae.Hemolymph phenoloxidase(PO)activity,protein concentration and total hemocyte numbers were not increased,but instead were lower than in control larvae at some time points post-inoculation.Larvae that survived either virus inoculation exhibited reduced pupal weight;survivors inoculated with AcMNPV grew slower than the control larvae,while survivors of HzSNPV pupated earlier than control larvae.Our results highlight the complexity of immune responses and fitness costs associated with combating different baculoviruses.展开更多
文摘猪支原体肺炎(mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine,MPS)是生猪养殖中危害严重的慢性呼吸道传染病,其致病机制包含病原代谢依赖、宿主免疫逃逸及菌群调控等复杂生物学过程,传统研究手段难以系统解析。基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学及微生物组学等高通量技术的应用为突破这一局限提供了关键工具:基因组学通过全基因组测序与比较分析,定位出P97/P102家族黏附蛋白等关键毒力因子,揭示了菌株毒力分化的基因基础;转录组学通过解析宿主与病原的基因表达差异,勾勒出免疫通路异常激活图谱;蛋白质组学在翻译后修饰层面深入解析,阐明了病原效应蛋白与宿主细胞因子的互作网络;代谢组学追踪小分子代谢物变化,发现病原依赖宿主肌醇代谢的特征及感染后宿主能量代谢向糖酵解倾斜的规律,锁定α-氨基丁酸等潜在感染标志物;微生物组学则揭示了呼吸道菌群多样性降低的失衡状态及肠道菌群的远端调控机制,明确普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella)等菌属对感染易感性和疫苗应答效率的影响。这些组学技术从基因、转录、蛋白、代谢及菌群多个维度协同作用,共同阐释了病原黏附定植、免疫抑制实施、宿主代谢重塑及微生态互作的完整分子逻辑。多组学联合分析通过整合跨维度数据,构建“病原-宿主-菌群”动态网络,阐明了黏附因子破坏宿主纤毛结构、信号通路诱导免疫细胞凋亡及肠道菌群调控疫苗应答等关键生物学事件。笔者系统综述了组学技术及整合分析方法在MPS研究中的应用进展,并探讨了当前技术瓶颈与未来发展方向,为深入解析宿主-病原互作机制及开发精准防控策略提供理论支撑。
基金the United States Department of Agriculture(AFRI 2017-67013-26596)awarded to GWF and KHNational Science Foundation(IOS-1645548)awarded to GWF,IS,and KH+1 种基金and Hatch Project PEN04576(GWF and KH).QP thanks the financial support from China Scholarship Council(grant 201506300111)Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Postdoctoral Fellowship(NSERC PDF-488105-2016).
文摘Insects possess specific immune responses to protect themselves from different types of pathogens.Activation of immune cascades can inflict significant developmental costs on the surviving host.To characterize infection kinetics in a surviving host that experiences baculovirus inoculation,it is crucial to determine the timing of immune responses.Here,we investigated time-dependent immune responses and developmental costs elicited by inoculations from each of two wild-type baculoviruses,Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV)and Helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus(HzSNPV),in their common host H.zea.As H.zea is a semi-permissive host of AcMNPV and fully permissive to HzSNPV,we hypothesized there are differential immune responses and fitness costs associated with resisting infection by each virus species.Newly molted 4th-instar larvae that were inoculated with a low dose(LD15)of either virus showed signify icantly higher hemolymph FAD-glucose dehydrogenase(GLD)activities compared to the corresponding control larvae.Hemolymph phenoloxidase(PO)activity,protein concentration and total hemocyte numbers were not increased,but instead were lower than in control larvae at some time points post-inoculation.Larvae that survived either virus inoculation exhibited reduced pupal weight;survivors inoculated with AcMNPV grew slower than the control larvae,while survivors of HzSNPV pupated earlier than control larvae.Our results highlight the complexity of immune responses and fitness costs associated with combating different baculoviruses.
