INTRODUCTION.According to the widely accepted‘endosymbiotic theory’,mitochondria are originated from bacteria when the eukaryotic cell evolved from the capture of alphaproteobacteria,within primitive archaea around ...INTRODUCTION.According to the widely accepted‘endosymbiotic theory’,mitochondria are originated from bacteria when the eukaryotic cell evolved from the capture of alphaproteobacteria,within primitive archaea around 2 billion years ago,which set a symbiotic relationship between the captured bacterium and its archaeal host.Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that have unique sub-compartments:outer mitochondrial membrane,inner mitochondrial membrane,inter-mitochondrial membrane space and mitochondrial matrix.Mitochondria are not only the‘powerhouses’for generation of ATP for cellular functions and survival but also are critical for lipid and glucose metabolism,calcium buffering,phospholipid synthesis,programmed cell death and innate immune response.Given their crucial roles in maintaining cellular functions,cells have developed intricate mechanisms to regulate mitochondrial morphology,quality and numbers1-5.展开更多
基金partially supported by NIH grants:R37 AA020518,R01 DK102142 and R01 AG072895(W-XD).
文摘INTRODUCTION.According to the widely accepted‘endosymbiotic theory’,mitochondria are originated from bacteria when the eukaryotic cell evolved from the capture of alphaproteobacteria,within primitive archaea around 2 billion years ago,which set a symbiotic relationship between the captured bacterium and its archaeal host.Mitochondria are double membrane-bound organelles that have unique sub-compartments:outer mitochondrial membrane,inner mitochondrial membrane,inter-mitochondrial membrane space and mitochondrial matrix.Mitochondria are not only the‘powerhouses’for generation of ATP for cellular functions and survival but also are critical for lipid and glucose metabolism,calcium buffering,phospholipid synthesis,programmed cell death and innate immune response.Given their crucial roles in maintaining cellular functions,cells have developed intricate mechanisms to regulate mitochondrial morphology,quality and numbers1-5.
