Cellulase activities of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motsch.） adults from two host plants （Populus simonii x p pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu. and Salix matsudana Koidz） fed on three different host tree species （Acer ne...Cellulase activities of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motsch.） adults from two host plants （Populus simonii x p pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu. and Salix matsudana Koidz） fed on three different host tree species （Acer negundo Linn., S. matsudana Koidz and P simonii x P pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu.） were investigated. Enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in the intestines of the insects were measured. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase between male and female insects from the two host plants fed on three host trees, neither inβ-glucosidase. No statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase were found between males and females from the two plants fed on three host tree species, except that the endoglucanase activity in males from the opera poplar fed on Hankow willow is lower than that fed on ash-leaf maple and opera poplar.展开更多
In order to investigate different kinds of cellulase in insect pests, we selected male and female adults of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） emerging from four different host species （Populus alba var. pyrami...In order to investigate different kinds of cellulase in insect pests, we selected male and female adults of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） emerging from four different host species （Populus alba var. pyramidalis, P. nigra var. thevestina （Dode） Bean., P. simonii × P. pyramidliscr cv. Opera 8277 Hsu. and Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa） as our research material. The enzyme activitives of three kinds of cellulase in the intestines of the adult insects were measured. The Cx-cellulase isozymes were detected with a CMC-incorporated polyacrylamide gel. The results show that： there are no statistically significant differences between the enzyme activities of males and females emerging from the different host species. The order of magnitude in activity is： Cx-cellulase 〉 β-glycosidase 〉 C1-cellulase. When the adults emerge from the same host species, there are no statistically significant differences between male and female enzyme activities of β-glycosidase and C1-cellulase, but the enzyme activity of Cx-cellulase of males is clearly higher than that of females. The patterns and migration of Cx-cellulase isozymes of males and females emerging from differ-ent hosts trees are clearly not different, and neither are they different when emerging from the same hosts.展开更多
The Asian longhorned beetle （ALB）, Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） is a polyphagous woodborer of hardwood trees. In order to well understand the oviposition preference of A. glabripennis emerging from diffe...The Asian longhorned beetle （ALB）, Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） is a polyphagous woodborer of hardwood trees. In order to well understand the oviposition preference of A. glabripennis emerging from different larval host tree species, we selected five common host tree species in the field and evaluated its oviposition preferences. The five host tree species are Acer negundo （AN）, Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa （SM）, Populus nigra L. var. thevestina （Dode） Bean （PN）, P. simonii × P. pyramidalis cv. Opera 8277 （PS） and P. alba var. pyramidalis （PA）. Results show that adult beetles emerging from these five tree species almost have the same oviposition phenomenon. All adult beetles, except those emerging from PS, chewed the highest potential sites and laid most eggs on AN trees. Adult beetles emerging from AN, PN, PS and PA did not chew any sites nor laid any eggs on PA trees. These results showed that adult A. glabripennis emerging from the five host tree species did not show any clear oviposition preference for their larval host tree species in the field but they did present the most obvious preference for AN and the lowest preference for PA.展开更多
Invasions by exotic insects and diseases are one of the most important threats to the stability and productivity of forest ecosystems around the world. Lymantria dispar （Lepidoptera： Lymantriidae） in Iran was obser...Invasions by exotic insects and diseases are one of the most important threats to the stability and productivity of forest ecosystems around the world. Lymantria dispar （Lepidoptera： Lymantriidae） in Iran was observed for the first time in 1937 by Jalal Afshar in oak forests of the Guilan state region. Since its introduction, gypsy moth has spread to the northern, western and south-western regions of Iran. The largest outbreaks of gypsy moth occurred in the Talesh Oak forests of the Hyrcanian zone in 1975. The gypsy moth is a highly polyphagous folivore species that feeds on over 300 species of woody plants. Among its most preferred hosts are oaks and aspens. Some trees are resistant to the gypsy moth including honey locust, black locust, silver maple, green ash, dogwood, sycamore, horse chestnut, firs, and tulip trees. Defoliation during severe outbreaks alters the appearance of forest habitats and leads to tree mortality and changes in stand composition. This study was conducted during 2008 and 2009 in an effort to determine the primary host tree species that the gypsy moth infests in the Hyrcanian forests of lran. For that purpose all egg masses in the area were counted and conclusively significant differences in defoliation levels among tree species were found. The primary host tree species of gypsy moth in Iran was Persian ironweed, Parrotia persica.展开更多
Dead wood is a habitat for many insects and other small animals, some of which may be rare or endangered and in need of effective protection. In this paper, saproxylic beetle assemblages associated with different host...Dead wood is a habitat for many insects and other small animals, some of which may be rare or endangered and in need of effective protection. In this paper, saproxylic beetle assemblages associated with different host trees in the subtropical forests in southwestern China were investigated. A total of 277 species （1 439 specimens） in 36 beetle families were collected from 117 dead wood samples, of which 101 samples were identified and respectively belonged to 12 tree genera. The number of saproxylic beetle species varied greatly among logs of different tree genera, with the highest diversity on logs of Juglans. Generally, broad-leaved trees had a higher richness and abundance of saproxylic species than coniferous trees. Cluster analysis revealed that assemblages from broad-leaved tree genera were generally similar （except for Betula） and assemblages from coniferous trees formed another distinct cluster. The subsequent indicator analysis proposed that there are different characteristic species for different cluster groups of host tree genera. In our study, log diameter has no positive influence on beetle species density. Conversely, comparisons of individual-based rarefaction curves suggested that beetle species richness was highest in the small diameter class both in coniferous and broad-leaved tree genera. With increased wood decay, proportion of habitat specialists （saproxylic beetles living on one tree genus） decreased, whereas proportion of habitat generalists （living on more than three tree genera） increased. The beetle species density was found to be higher in early stages, and decreased in later stages as well. A negative influence of altitude on saproxylic beetle species richness and abundance was detected. It was indicated that different tree genera and altitudes possibly display cross effects in modulating the altitudinal distribution and host preference of the beetles.展开更多
温度是影响害虫生长发育最重要的因素之一,为了解气温的变化趋势以及在此背景下油松毛虫Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu幼虫越冬及上下树的动态变化,本文根据辽宁省建平县1988—2009年期间油松毛虫上下树发生期资料和气象资料,...温度是影响害虫生长发育最重要的因素之一,为了解气温的变化趋势以及在此背景下油松毛虫Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu幼虫越冬及上下树的动态变化,本文根据辽宁省建平县1988—2009年期间油松毛虫上下树发生期资料和气象资料,分析了建平县气温年变化趋势和油松毛虫上下树发生期年变化趋势,探讨了发生期与气温之间的相关性,结果表明:近22年(1988—2009)建平县气侯变暖的趋势显著,线性倾向估计分析发现年均气温、年均最低气温和年均最高气温均呈现出上升趋势,气候倾向率分别达0.50、0.59和0.36℃/10年,四季中春季气温的升幅最大,夏秋两季次之,冬季最低。在此气候变暖背景下油松毛虫幼虫上下树及越冬发生着一定的变化趋势,其中:下树总体呈现出提前发生、提前结束、下树历期缩短的变化趋势;翌年幼虫上树期则呈现出延迟发生、提前结束、上树历期缩短的变化趋势;整个越冬期长度则呈现出延长的变化趋势。相关性分析认为气候变暖对油松毛虫的下树活动具有直接影响,主要表现为下树结束期随气候变暖而显著提前,在不考虑其它因素的影响下,9—10月均气温上升1℃则下树结束期会提前约2 d,而幼虫越冬及上树发生期表现为并不受气候变暖的直接影响。研究结果为有效控制油松毛虫危害提供了理论依据。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30571503)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities (PCSIRT0607)
文摘Cellulase activities of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motsch.） adults from two host plants （Populus simonii x p pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu. and Salix matsudana Koidz） fed on three different host tree species （Acer negundo Linn., S. matsudana Koidz and P simonii x P pyramidliscr cv. Opera Hsu.） were investigated. Enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase in the intestines of the insects were measured. The results show that there are no statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase between male and female insects from the two host plants fed on three host trees, neither inβ-glucosidase. No statistically significant differences in the enzyme activities of endoglucanase and β-glucosidase were found between males and females from the two plants fed on three host tree species, except that the endoglucanase activity in males from the opera poplar fed on Hankow willow is lower than that fed on ash-leaf maple and opera poplar.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30571503） the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities （IRT0607）.
文摘In order to investigate different kinds of cellulase in insect pests, we selected male and female adults of Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） emerging from four different host species （Populus alba var. pyramidalis, P. nigra var. thevestina （Dode） Bean., P. simonii × P. pyramidliscr cv. Opera 8277 Hsu. and Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa） as our research material. The enzyme activitives of three kinds of cellulase in the intestines of the adult insects were measured. The Cx-cellulase isozymes were detected with a CMC-incorporated polyacrylamide gel. The results show that： there are no statistically significant differences between the enzyme activities of males and females emerging from the different host species. The order of magnitude in activity is： Cx-cellulase 〉 β-glycosidase 〉 C1-cellulase. When the adults emerge from the same host species, there are no statistically significant differences between male and female enzyme activities of β-glycosidase and C1-cellulase, but the enzyme activity of Cx-cellulase of males is clearly higher than that of females. The patterns and migration of Cx-cellulase isozymes of males and females emerging from differ-ent hosts trees are clearly not different, and neither are they different when emerging from the same hosts.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 30571503） the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities （IRT0607）.
文摘The Asian longhorned beetle （ALB）, Anoplophora glabripennis （Motschulsky） is a polyphagous woodborer of hardwood trees. In order to well understand the oviposition preference of A. glabripennis emerging from different larval host tree species, we selected five common host tree species in the field and evaluated its oviposition preferences. The five host tree species are Acer negundo （AN）, Salix matsudana f. lobato-glandulosa （SM）, Populus nigra L. var. thevestina （Dode） Bean （PN）, P. simonii × P. pyramidalis cv. Opera 8277 （PS） and P. alba var. pyramidalis （PA）. Results show that adult beetles emerging from these five tree species almost have the same oviposition phenomenon. All adult beetles, except those emerging from PS, chewed the highest potential sites and laid most eggs on AN trees. Adult beetles emerging from AN, PN, PS and PA did not chew any sites nor laid any eggs on PA trees. These results showed that adult A. glabripennis emerging from the five host tree species did not show any clear oviposition preference for their larval host tree species in the field but they did present the most obvious preference for AN and the lowest preference for PA.
文摘Invasions by exotic insects and diseases are one of the most important threats to the stability and productivity of forest ecosystems around the world. Lymantria dispar （Lepidoptera： Lymantriidae） in Iran was observed for the first time in 1937 by Jalal Afshar in oak forests of the Guilan state region. Since its introduction, gypsy moth has spread to the northern, western and south-western regions of Iran. The largest outbreaks of gypsy moth occurred in the Talesh Oak forests of the Hyrcanian zone in 1975. The gypsy moth is a highly polyphagous folivore species that feeds on over 300 species of woody plants. Among its most preferred hosts are oaks and aspens. Some trees are resistant to the gypsy moth including honey locust, black locust, silver maple, green ash, dogwood, sycamore, horse chestnut, firs, and tulip trees. Defoliation during severe outbreaks alters the appearance of forest habitats and leads to tree mortality and changes in stand composition. This study was conducted during 2008 and 2009 in an effort to determine the primary host tree species that the gypsy moth infests in the Hyrcanian forests of lran. For that purpose all egg masses in the area were counted and conclusively significant differences in defoliation levels among tree species were found. The primary host tree species of gypsy moth in Iran was Persian ironweed, Parrotia persica.
基金We thank S.-Y. Wang, H.-B. Liang, L.-J. Zhang and T.-H. Luo （Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences） for some species identification John P. Ball （Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden）, Joshua M. Jacobs （Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta） and anonymous referees for con- structive suggestions to improve the manuscript and the staff of Fengtongzai Natural Reserve and Wolong Natural Reserve, Sichuan province, for assistance in field investigations. This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC-30570215, 30670285）, KFBG （Kadoorie Farm ＆ Botanic Garden） Biodiversity Studentship of Hongkong, International Foundation for Sciences （D/3684-1, IFS, Stockholm, Sweden）, and National Science Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Research （Special subjects in animal taxonomy, NSFC- J0630964/J0109）.
文摘Dead wood is a habitat for many insects and other small animals, some of which may be rare or endangered and in need of effective protection. In this paper, saproxylic beetle assemblages associated with different host trees in the subtropical forests in southwestern China were investigated. A total of 277 species （1 439 specimens） in 36 beetle families were collected from 117 dead wood samples, of which 101 samples were identified and respectively belonged to 12 tree genera. The number of saproxylic beetle species varied greatly among logs of different tree genera, with the highest diversity on logs of Juglans. Generally, broad-leaved trees had a higher richness and abundance of saproxylic species than coniferous trees. Cluster analysis revealed that assemblages from broad-leaved tree genera were generally similar （except for Betula） and assemblages from coniferous trees formed another distinct cluster. The subsequent indicator analysis proposed that there are different characteristic species for different cluster groups of host tree genera. In our study, log diameter has no positive influence on beetle species density. Conversely, comparisons of individual-based rarefaction curves suggested that beetle species richness was highest in the small diameter class both in coniferous and broad-leaved tree genera. With increased wood decay, proportion of habitat specialists （saproxylic beetles living on one tree genus） decreased, whereas proportion of habitat generalists （living on more than three tree genera） increased. The beetle species density was found to be higher in early stages, and decreased in later stages as well. A negative influence of altitude on saproxylic beetle species richness and abundance was detected. It was indicated that different tree genera and altitudes possibly display cross effects in modulating the altitudinal distribution and host preference of the beetles.
