Background and purpose Approximately 25%of acute large vessel occlusive(LVO)ischaemic strokes are of unknown thrombotic origin,and there is a need to establish the aetiology to guide subsequent preventative measures.T...Background and purpose Approximately 25%of acute large vessel occlusive(LVO)ischaemic strokes are of unknown thrombotic origin,and there is a need to establish the aetiology to guide subsequent preventative measures.The aim of this study was to quantify thrombus composition in patients with LVO and explore associations between thrombus composition and stroke aetiology.Methods Thrombi were extracted from 132 patients with acute ischaemic stroke.Erythrocytes,leucocytes and F+P(fibrin+platelet)proportions were assessed in tissue sections stained with H&E,while CD3+T cells and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)were quantified in immunohistochemistry-stained sections.Thrombus components,clinical parameters and interventional variables were compared between different stroke subtypes defined by Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria.Results F+P composition was significantly higher(p<0.001)and erythrocyte proportions were significantly lower(p<0.001)in cardioembolic thrombi than in large artery atherosclerosis thrombi.The composition of thrombi from undetermined aetiology strokes resembled that from cardioembolic strokes.CD3+T cell and NET proportions were not significantly different between stroke subtypes.CD3+density per unit area was associated with the occlusive site,being significantly higher in the anterior circulation than the posterior circulation(p=0.004).Cardioembolic strokes were more common in the anterior circulation than large artery atherosclerosis strokes(p=0.002).Recanalisation time was significantly longer for large artery atherosclerosis emboli than for cardioembolic emboli(p=0.032).Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in thrombus composition among different stroke subtypes.The quantitative assessment of thrombus composition may be a useful biomarker of stroke aetiology,and strokes of undetermined aetiology may be more likely to have a cardioembolic origin.展开更多
BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually consi...BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually considered benign,and malignant transformation of HGM in the duodenum is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We reported a middle-aged man admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain,whose gastroduodenoscopy revealed a polypoid uplift in the duodenum.The attending physician directly removed the lesion using a snare,histopathological analysis demonstrated multidirectional cellular differentiation on the basis of duodenal HGM.The hematoxylin and eosin stains of the duodenal lesion demonstrated HGM,the superficial mucosa exhibited gastric foveolar-type epithelium,numerous mucous glands were identified beneath the foveolar region.Additionally,focal areas displayed several signet-ring cell changes.Gastric foveolartype epithelium was diffusely positivity for MUC5AC and Ki67.Numerous mucous gland was positivity for MUC6,partially positive for MUC2,pepsinogen I and H^(+)/K^(+)ATPase.It was eventually diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa on the basis of duodenal HGM.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa arising in the duodenum on the basis of HGM.Although HGM is mostly benign,there is also a risk of carcinogenesis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The treatment of benign biliary strictures(BBS)is a challenging clinical problem.At present,there is a lack of ideal models for the study of BBS treatment.AIM To develop a novel animal model of BBS to simul...BACKGROUND The treatment of benign biliary strictures(BBS)is a challenging clinical problem.At present,there is a lack of ideal models for the study of BBS treatment.AIM To develop a novel animal model of BBS to simulate studies on the processes and mechanisms in the human condition.METHODS A rabbit model of benign bile duct stricture was established by surgical injury of the bile duct.After removal of the gallbladder,a drainage tube was placed th-rough the cystic duct at the stump,and a BBS model was induced by surgical injury at the lower end of the common bile duct.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model rabbits showed gross jaundice,increased serum bilirubin,and decreased liver function.Cholangiography showed segmental bile duct stenosis in the model rabbits.Pathological staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the biliary tract of rabbits in the model group.This was consistent with the clinical manifestations of BBS.This model provided serology,imaging,pathology,and other aspects of BBS.CONCLUSION We have successfully established an animal model of benign stricture of the lower bile duct with repeatable administration,which is consistent with the clinical manifestations of BBS.展开更多
Tetrabromobisphenol A（TBBPA） and its derivatives are now being highly concerned due to their emerging environmental occurrence and deleterious effects on non-target organisms.Considering the potential neurotoxicity ...Tetrabromobisphenol A（TBBPA） and its derivatives are now being highly concerned due to their emerging environmental occurrence and deleterious effects on non-target organisms.Considering the potential neurotoxicity of TBBPA derivatives which has been demonstrated in vitro, what could happen in vivo is worthy of being studied. Tetrabromobisphenol A bis（2-hydroxyethyl ether）（TBBPA-BHEE）, a representative TBBPA derivative, was selected for a21-day exposure experiment on neonatal Sprague Dawley（SD） rats through intranasal administration. The neurobehavioral, histopathological changes, and differentially expressed genes based on RNA microarray were investigated to evaluate the neurological effects of this chemical. The results indicated that TBBPA-BHEE exposure significantly compromised the motor co-ordination performance and the locomotor activities（p 〈 0.05）. The neurobehavioral phenotype could be attributed to the obvious histopathological changes in both cerebrum and cerebellum, such as neural cell swelling, microglial activation and proliferation. A total of 911 genes were up-regulated, whereas 433 genes were down-regulated. Gene set enrichment analysis showed multiple signaling pathways, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and wingless-int（Wnt） signaling pathway etc. were involved due to TBBPA-BHEE exposure. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed the basic cellular function and the neurological processes like synaptic transmission were influenced. The toxicological effects of TBBPA-BHEE observed in this study suggested the potential neuronal threaten from unintended exposure,which would be of great value in the biosafety evaluation of TBBPA derivatives.展开更多
基金funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101529)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ40891)the Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University(YX202213).
文摘Background and purpose Approximately 25%of acute large vessel occlusive(LVO)ischaemic strokes are of unknown thrombotic origin,and there is a need to establish the aetiology to guide subsequent preventative measures.The aim of this study was to quantify thrombus composition in patients with LVO and explore associations between thrombus composition and stroke aetiology.Methods Thrombi were extracted from 132 patients with acute ischaemic stroke.Erythrocytes,leucocytes and F+P(fibrin+platelet)proportions were assessed in tissue sections stained with H&E,while CD3+T cells and neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs)were quantified in immunohistochemistry-stained sections.Thrombus components,clinical parameters and interventional variables were compared between different stroke subtypes defined by Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria.Results F+P composition was significantly higher(p<0.001)and erythrocyte proportions were significantly lower(p<0.001)in cardioembolic thrombi than in large artery atherosclerosis thrombi.The composition of thrombi from undetermined aetiology strokes resembled that from cardioembolic strokes.CD3+T cell and NET proportions were not significantly different between stroke subtypes.CD3+density per unit area was associated with the occlusive site,being significantly higher in the anterior circulation than the posterior circulation(p=0.004).Cardioembolic strokes were more common in the anterior circulation than large artery atherosclerosis strokes(p=0.002).Recanalisation time was significantly longer for large artery atherosclerosis emboli than for cardioembolic emboli(p=0.032).Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in thrombus composition among different stroke subtypes.The quantitative assessment of thrombus composition may be a useful biomarker of stroke aetiology,and strokes of undetermined aetiology may be more likely to have a cardioembolic origin.
文摘BACKGROUND Heterotopic gastric mucosa(HGM)is the most common type of epithelial heterotopia,which can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract.The duodenum is one of the common sites of HGM.HGM is usually considered benign,and malignant transformation of HGM in the duodenum is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We reported a middle-aged man admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain,whose gastroduodenoscopy revealed a polypoid uplift in the duodenum.The attending physician directly removed the lesion using a snare,histopathological analysis demonstrated multidirectional cellular differentiation on the basis of duodenal HGM.The hematoxylin and eosin stains of the duodenal lesion demonstrated HGM,the superficial mucosa exhibited gastric foveolar-type epithelium,numerous mucous glands were identified beneath the foveolar region.Additionally,focal areas displayed several signet-ring cell changes.Gastric foveolartype epithelium was diffusely positivity for MUC5AC and Ki67.Numerous mucous gland was positivity for MUC6,partially positive for MUC2,pepsinogen I and H^(+)/K^(+)ATPase.It was eventually diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa on the basis of duodenal HGM.CONCLUSION We reported the first case of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland mucosa arising in the duodenum on the basis of HGM.Although HGM is mostly benign,there is also a risk of carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by The Key Project of Changzhou Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University,No.CMCM202310 and No.CMCC202209Science and Technology Development Fund of Nanjing Medical University,No.NMUB20220196.
文摘BACKGROUND The treatment of benign biliary strictures(BBS)is a challenging clinical problem.At present,there is a lack of ideal models for the study of BBS treatment.AIM To develop a novel animal model of BBS to simulate studies on the processes and mechanisms in the human condition.METHODS A rabbit model of benign bile duct stricture was established by surgical injury of the bile duct.After removal of the gallbladder,a drainage tube was placed th-rough the cystic duct at the stump,and a BBS model was induced by surgical injury at the lower end of the common bile duct.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the model rabbits showed gross jaundice,increased serum bilirubin,and decreased liver function.Cholangiography showed segmental bile duct stenosis in the model rabbits.Pathological staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis in the biliary tract of rabbits in the model group.This was consistent with the clinical manifestations of BBS.This model provided serology,imaging,pathology,and other aspects of BBS.CONCLUSION We have successfully established an animal model of benign stricture of the lower bile duct with repeatable administration,which is consistent with the clinical manifestations of BBS.
基金supported by the Major International (Regional) Joint Project (No. 21461142001)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB453102)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21621064, 21477153)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Science (No. 14040302)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDJ-SSW-DQC017)
文摘Tetrabromobisphenol A（TBBPA） and its derivatives are now being highly concerned due to their emerging environmental occurrence and deleterious effects on non-target organisms.Considering the potential neurotoxicity of TBBPA derivatives which has been demonstrated in vitro, what could happen in vivo is worthy of being studied. Tetrabromobisphenol A bis（2-hydroxyethyl ether）（TBBPA-BHEE）, a representative TBBPA derivative, was selected for a21-day exposure experiment on neonatal Sprague Dawley（SD） rats through intranasal administration. The neurobehavioral, histopathological changes, and differentially expressed genes based on RNA microarray were investigated to evaluate the neurological effects of this chemical. The results indicated that TBBPA-BHEE exposure significantly compromised the motor co-ordination performance and the locomotor activities（p 〈 0.05）. The neurobehavioral phenotype could be attributed to the obvious histopathological changes in both cerebrum and cerebellum, such as neural cell swelling, microglial activation and proliferation. A total of 911 genes were up-regulated, whereas 433 genes were down-regulated. Gene set enrichment analysis showed multiple signaling pathways, including ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and wingless-int（Wnt） signaling pathway etc. were involved due to TBBPA-BHEE exposure. The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed the basic cellular function and the neurological processes like synaptic transmission were influenced. The toxicological effects of TBBPA-BHEE observed in this study suggested the potential neuronal threaten from unintended exposure,which would be of great value in the biosafety evaluation of TBBPA derivatives.
