Steel slag(SS)accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition,high production volumes,and limited value-added resource utilization.Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance th...Steel slag(SS)accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition,high production volumes,and limited value-added resource utilization.Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance the properties of SS through high-speed dispersion,transforming its inherent hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics into hydrophily and lipophilicity.The modification effects were innovatively assessed by observing the color changes of modified steel slag solutions following the dissolution-settlement equilibrium constant.This approach avoided human-induced errors and improved estimated accuracy in conformance with conventional methods such as oil absorption value,activation index,sedimentation volume,and lipophilicity.The hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH)generated–Si(OH)_(3)structure to form hydrogen or covalent bonds with active substances(OH groups)from SS.Concurrently,SS underwent encapsulation via Si–O–Si structure resulting from the dehydration of–Si(OH)_(3).The stearic acid coupling agent(SA),aluminate coupling agent(AC),and titanate coupling agent(TN)underwent chemical reactions with Ca(OH)_(2),Al(OH)_(3),and CaCO_(3)in SS.The acidic SA primarily created stable chemical bonds and acted as a supplement due to its package,reducing surface activity and hydrophilicity while enhancing lipophilicity.Specifically,the optimal modification effect was obtained at 3 wt.%SA.Consequently,3 wt.%SA was established as the benchmark for multiple modifiers and the most effective combination was 3 wt.%SA and 3 wt.%AC.Compared with a single interface modifier,SA corroded the SS surface to provide numerous active sites for further modification by KH,AC,or TN,resulting in a more densely packed structure.In addition,more organic groups on SS prevent the proximity of other particles from agglomerating to achieve dispersion and a synergistic modification,laying a theoretical foundation of SS in a new pathway for organic composite materials.展开更多
The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional ru...The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional rubberized binders is significantly limited by high viscosity and poor storage stability.To address these issues,researchers have pretreated crumb rubber(CR)with oil,but high-temperature performance remains insufficient.Therefore,this study aimed to optimize the viscosity,storage stability,and rheological properties of high-content crumb rubber-modified asphalt(HCCRMA)by varying the pretreatment levels of CR and incorporating various additives,including styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS),deoiled asphalt(DA),or recycled low-density polyethylene(RLDPE).In addition,CR was pretreated with waste cooking oil(WCO)at various ratios,pre-swelling temperatures,and times.The results show that DA exhibits excellent storage stability and lower viscosity compared with other modifiers in HCCRMA,and the 4%RLDPE with pretreated HCCR has the greatest high-temperature rutting resistance.The inclusion of RLDPE increases the stiffness and elasticity of the modified asphalt,which results in greater high-temperature performance.Additionally,the fluorescence microscopy(FM)test confirms that SBS exhibits better dispersion than other modifiers and forms a more homogeneous phase separation in the HCCRMA.All in all,this research achieved an optimal balance of storage stability and rheological properties in asphalt modified with pretreated HCCR and 6%SBS,which provides a valuable reference for performance improvement of HCCR-modified binders.展开更多
Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typ...Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typically discarded after the harvest season,represent an abundant local biomass resource with significant potential for utilization,and were converted into biochar through pyrolysis.Here,we describe the synthesis of biochar modified with iron and chitosan to increase the diversity of functions and surface functional groups of biochar.The resulting chitosan-modified magnetic biochar(CMBC)presents a full range of functional groups of chitosan and iron oxide as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The correlation between flubendiamide concentration and the dose of biochar on adsorption was explored.The flubendiamide adsorption efficiency of CMBC(1%mass ratio of soil)reached 68.03%in 90 min.The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 0.95 mg·g^(−1).The flubendiamide adsorption mechanism by CMBC can be described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The experiment data closely fit a Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.998),and the low residual sum of squares values demonstrate the high model applicability.In this study,we present a comprehensive overview of pesticides,alongside kinetic and isotherm model studies of flubendiamide adsorption by CMBC.We emphasize the potential of modified biochar to enhance environmental remediation applications.展开更多
Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being s...Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.展开更多
In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super...In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super （TPS）, high-viscosity additive （HVA） and road-science- technology （RST）, and four different asphalt binders were investigated through laboratory experiments. The percent- ages of the viscosity modifiers used were： TPS （0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%） and RST and HVA （8% and 12%） depending on the type of asphalt binder. Technical indicators of modifier asphalt were tested through con- ventional and unconventional binder tests. It has been found out that only a percentage greater than or equal to 14% TPS is reasonable to achieve the requirement set by 20,000 Pa. s for the 60℃ dynamic viscosity on local #70 grade asphalt. The results indicate that conventional bin- ders did not meet the requirements of the 60℃ dynamic viscosity when 12% of TPS or HVA modifiers were used. In addition, the B-type styrene-butadienne-styrene （SBS） modified asphalt binder has better viscosity balance than the A-type SBS modified when 8% of each of the three different kinds of viscosity modifiers is used. Therefore, the B-type modified SBS thus appears to be a suitable choice in asphalt mixtures for bus rapid transit lane with the 60℃ dynamic viscosity.展开更多
Wood-polymer composites (WPC) were prepared from wood fiber and four kinds of plastics such as PE, PS, ABS, and SAN. The effects of different modifiers on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The ...Wood-polymer composites (WPC) were prepared from wood fiber and four kinds of plastics such as PE, PS, ABS, and SAN. The effects of different modifiers on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results showed modifiers could raise the bonding strength of wood fiber with polymer and improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Different modifiers had different effects on the properties of wood-polymer composites, and comparatively the modifier of isocyanate produced a better result. Wood-polymer composite takes not only the advantages of both wood fiber and polymer, but waterproof, dimensional stability and dynamic strength are also significantly improved. Key word Wood fiber - Thermoplastic polyester - Wood-polymer composites - Modifier - Mechanical properties CLC number TB332 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the Harbin Technology Tackle Key Plan (Development Research of Wood-Polymer Composites with High Wood Matrix) and by Heilongjing Nature Science Fund (Composite Mechanism Study of the Wood Polymer).Biography: XU Min (1963-), Female, Associate professor in Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai展开更多
In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure ...In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure of A356 alloy. After adding Y to A356, YAl 3 compounds formed, and the size of the α （Al） crystal nucleus increased. The degree of supercooling caused by Sr-Y composite modifier was higher than Sr modification by 2.7 °C, leading to an increased nucleation rate. This increase in supercooling temperature was favorable to the refinement of eutectic structure of the alloy and its eutectic reaction was delayed to the maximum extent. The Si phase in the as-cast Sr-Y composite-modified A356 alloy was either granular or flaky. No large flakes of eutectic Si were found, and the modification effects were completely comparable with those obtained using a lone Sr modifier. After T6 heat treatment, most of the eutectic Si showed a grain-like shape with smaller grains. No eutectic Si with long-strip shapes, significant enhancements in the particle roundness and evenness of the Si crystals, and increased globosity were observed. Both the roundness and evenness of the grained Si crystals were enhanced, and the amount of globular eutectic Si available increased, these findings showed that excellent modification effects were achieved.展开更多
Steel slag had lower activity and much lower hydration rate than cement. Quicklime and iron tailings were designed as modification agent to adjust the composition and properties of high temperature steel slag. The res...Steel slag had lower activity and much lower hydration rate than cement. Quicklime and iron tailings were designed as modification agent to adjust the composition and properties of high temperature steel slag. The results show that quicklime as modifier can greatly increase the content of cementitious minerals in modified steel slag and also promote the decomposition of RO phases and transformation of MgO in RO phase to f-MgO. After high temper- ature modification with compound modifier of quicklime and iron tailings, steel slag shows the main mineral phases of C3S, C2F and MgFe2O4. The activity index of modified steel slag at 28 days reaches 95.5% when the steel slag is modified by 15% of the compound modifier with the ratio of quicklime to iron tailings equal to 2 ： 1 at 1 350 ℃. Mo- reover, the sample with the modified steel slag exhibits the dense structure of hydration paste and the main hydration products of C-S-H gels and Ca（OH）2 crystals.展开更多
Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone ru...Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.展开更多
The effect of glass network modifier R2O （R=Li, Na, K） on upconversion luminescence in Er3＋/yb3＋ co-doped NaYF4 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was investigated. NaYF4 nanocrystals with different sizes were studied und...The effect of glass network modifier R2O （R=Li, Na, K） on upconversion luminescence in Er3＋/yb3＋ co-doped NaYF4 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was investigated. NaYF4 nanocrystals with different sizes were studied under glass network modifier alkali mental oxide. The nanocrystals size in NaYF4 of Li2O modified samples was 11 nm, whereas in the Na20 and K2O modified sample, the crystal size was 25 and 43 nm, respectively. It was found that red, yellow and green upconversions were observed in SAL, SAN, SAK glass ceramics. The reported results would deepen the understanding of size effects on the lanthanide upcon- version in nanocrystals.展开更多
A novel method for the determination of nickel and palladium in environmental samples by low temperature ETV-ICP-OES with dimethylglyoxime（DMG） as both the extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. In thi...A novel method for the determination of nickel and palladium in environmental samples by low temperature ETV-ICP-OES with dimethylglyoxime（DMG） as both the extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. In this study, it was found that nickel and palladium can form complexes with dimethylglyoxime（0. 05%, mass fraction） at pH 6.0 and can be extracted into chloroform quantitatively. The complexes can be evaporated into plasma at a suita-ble temperature（ 1400℃） for ICP-OES detection. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of nickel and palladium are 0.48 and 0. 40 ng/mL, respectively, while the RSD values are separately 5.0% and 3.1% （p = 50 ng/mL, n = 7）. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the target analytes in environmental sam-ples with satisfactory results.展开更多
Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlappin...Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlapping plate-like, hexagonal star-like, dumbbell-like, etc. can be synthesized in the ethanol-water mixtures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph （FT-IR）. The interrelated effect mechanism is presented in the end. Results show that the modifier carboxyl groups play a significant role in controlling the SrCO3 crystal morphologies, which can alter the crystal growth unit （Sr^2＋） supply mode and induce the crystal formation with the morphologies matching their spatial configurations.展开更多
A new macromolecular surface modifier, a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate （LMA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate （PEGMA）, was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was chara...A new macromolecular surface modifier, a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate （LMA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate （PEGMA）, was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （lH-NMR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The copolymer was used to blend with polyethylene. The binary blends have been characterized by attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared （ATR- FTIR）, contact-angle measurements （CDA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results indicated that poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate （PEGMA-co-LMA） could diffuse preferably onto the surface of the polyethylene （PE） film, and thus can be used as an efficient surface modifier for PE.展开更多
An acoustic pressure model of bubble bursting is proposed.An experiment studying the acoustic characteristics of the bursting bubble at the surface of a high-viscosity liquid is reported.It is found that the sudden bu...An acoustic pressure model of bubble bursting is proposed.An experiment studying the acoustic characteristics of the bursting bubble at the surface of a high-viscosity liquid is reported.It is found that the sudden bursting of a bubble at the high-viscosity liquid surface generates N-shape wave at first,then it transforms into a jet wave.The fundamental frequency of the acoustic signal caused by the bursting bubble decreases linearly as the bubble size increases.The results of the investigation can be used to understand the acoustic characteristics of bubble bursting.展开更多
Just now,pre-modifiers are used more and more frequent than post-modifier in the development of Modern English.The post-modifier also a means of modification has received relatively little attention.In this paper,a ba...Just now,pre-modifiers are used more and more frequent than post-modifier in the development of Modern English.The post-modifier also a means of modification has received relatively little attention.In this paper,a basic analysis will be made regarding the types,directions and some comparisons of post-modifiers in forms of examples.Also included are methods suggested to cope with the problems on choosing exact usages.展开更多
The clinical effects of two different methods–high-viscosity cement percutaneous vertebroplasty（PVP） and low-viscosity cement percutaneous kyphoplasty（PKP） in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression f...The clinical effects of two different methods–high-viscosity cement percutaneous vertebroplasty（PVP） and low-viscosity cement percutaneous kyphoplasty（PKP） in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures（OVCFs） were investigated. From June 2010 to August 2013, 98 cases of OVCFs were included in our study. Forty-six patients underwent high-viscosity PVP and 52 patients underwent low-viscosity PKP. The occurrence of cement leakage was observed. Pain relief and functional activity were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale（VAS） and Oswestry Disability Index（ODI）, respectively. Restoration of the vertebral body height and angle of kyphosis were assessed by comparing preoperative and postoperative measurements of the anterior heights, middle heights and the kyphotic angle of the fractured vertebra. Nine out of the 54 vertebra bodies and 11 out of the 60 vertebra bodies were observed to have cement leakage in the high-viscosity PVP and low-viscosity PKP groups, respectively. The rate of cement leakage, correction of anterior vertebral height and kyphotic angles showed no significant differences between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Low-viscosity PKP had significant advantage in terms of the restoration of middle vertebral height as compared with the high-viscosity PVP（P〈0.05）. Both groups showed significant improvements in pain relief and functional capacity status after surgery（P〈0.05）. It was concluded that high-viscosity PVP and low-viscosity PKP have similar clinical effects in terms of the rate of cement leakage, restoration of the anterior vertebral body height, changes of kyphotic angles, functional activity, and pain relief. Low-viscosity PKP is better than high-viscosity PVP in restoring the height of the middle vertebra.展开更多
A new kind of inelastomer impact modifier with a coreshell structure was synthesized by employing a multistep composite emulsion polymerization technique, the size and morphology structure of the coreshell particles c...A new kind of inelastomer impact modifier with a coreshell structure was synthesized by employing a multistep composite emulsion polymerization technique, the size and morphology structure of the coreshell particles could be controlled by the multistep composite emulsion polymerization technique. The study of the impact strength and the elongation at break of the PVC/CPE blend with different contents of coreshell particles(CS) indicated that the mechanical properties of PVC/CPE/CS composite were the best when the concentration of the particle was 25%(mass fraction) which showed the different regularities and characteristics of elastomer toughening plastic.展开更多
The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt%...The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt% sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte at the constant current of 4 mA for 3 h.And then they were modified with octadecanoic acid (C18),polyethylene (PE),polystyrene (PS),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA),respectively,whose surface free energies were 27.6,31.0,33.0,61.6 and 70.0 mN/m,respectively.The contact angles (CA) were 154.6°,128.4°,127.6°,5.0° and 0.0°,respectively,and the ice adhesion pressures were 15.9,36.3,55.9,155.3 and 216.1 kPa,respectively.The ice adhesion strengths decrease along with the increasing anti-wetting property of aluminum surfaces and the decreasing of the surface energy of modifiers.These provide some new insights when designing the aluminum surface with anti-icing properties in some special applications.展开更多
In order to verify the influence of different block proportions S/B on the effect of SBS modified asphalt,the dynamic mechanical performance test and static loading test were performed on the samples composed of diffe...In order to verify the influence of different block proportions S/B on the effect of SBS modified asphalt,the dynamic mechanical performance test and static loading test were performed on the samples composed of different kinds of SBS with base asphalt. It is found that different S/B values fix on different modified effects and different viscoelastic mechanical behaviors,due to biphasic separate fabric of polybutadiene and polystyrene in SBS. In low-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with lower S/B value shows better pavement performance,while in high-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with higher S/B value shows better pavement performance. As far as SBS modified asphalt itself is concerned,mixing proportion impacts on resisting displacement and block proportion S/B ratio impacts on strain recovery capacity. In the case that the conditions are the same,SBS modified asphalt with different S/B values can be used for different travelling speed pavement construction demands to get an intelligent use.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20605)Anhui Graduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice Project(2022cxcysj090)+2 种基金China Baowu Low Carbon Metallurgy Innovation Foundation(BWLCF202202)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(GXXT-2020-072)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Anhui Province(2208085J19).
文摘Steel slag(SS)accumulates unavoidably due to its complex and unstable composition,high production volumes,and limited value-added resource utilization.Single or multiple interface modifiers were proposed to enhance the properties of SS through high-speed dispersion,transforming its inherent hydrophilic and oleophobic characteristics into hydrophily and lipophilicity.The modification effects were innovatively assessed by observing the color changes of modified steel slag solutions following the dissolution-settlement equilibrium constant.This approach avoided human-induced errors and improved estimated accuracy in conformance with conventional methods such as oil absorption value,activation index,sedimentation volume,and lipophilicity.The hydrolysis of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane(KH)generated–Si(OH)_(3)structure to form hydrogen or covalent bonds with active substances(OH groups)from SS.Concurrently,SS underwent encapsulation via Si–O–Si structure resulting from the dehydration of–Si(OH)_(3).The stearic acid coupling agent(SA),aluminate coupling agent(AC),and titanate coupling agent(TN)underwent chemical reactions with Ca(OH)_(2),Al(OH)_(3),and CaCO_(3)in SS.The acidic SA primarily created stable chemical bonds and acted as a supplement due to its package,reducing surface activity and hydrophilicity while enhancing lipophilicity.Specifically,the optimal modification effect was obtained at 3 wt.%SA.Consequently,3 wt.%SA was established as the benchmark for multiple modifiers and the most effective combination was 3 wt.%SA and 3 wt.%AC.Compared with a single interface modifier,SA corroded the SS surface to provide numerous active sites for further modification by KH,AC,or TN,resulting in a more densely packed structure.In addition,more organic groups on SS prevent the proximity of other particles from agglomerating to achieve dispersion and a synergistic modification,laying a theoretical foundation of SS in a new pathway for organic composite materials.
基金supported by the Transportation Science and Technology Program of Henan Province(grant number:2023-4-2)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Science and Technology Department(grant number:2022BEG02008)+2 种基金China Communications Construction Group Co.,Ltd.Science and Technology R&D Project(grant number:2021KJW02)the Research and Development Program of Henan Transportation Investment Group Co.,Ltd.(grant number:HNJT2025-1-9)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(grand number:GZC20251139).
文摘The addition of high-content crumb rubber(HCCR)in asphalt can effectively address waste tire pollution and provide sustainable environmental and economic advantages.However,the practical application of conventional rubberized binders is significantly limited by high viscosity and poor storage stability.To address these issues,researchers have pretreated crumb rubber(CR)with oil,but high-temperature performance remains insufficient.Therefore,this study aimed to optimize the viscosity,storage stability,and rheological properties of high-content crumb rubber-modified asphalt(HCCRMA)by varying the pretreatment levels of CR and incorporating various additives,including styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS),deoiled asphalt(DA),or recycled low-density polyethylene(RLDPE).In addition,CR was pretreated with waste cooking oil(WCO)at various ratios,pre-swelling temperatures,and times.The results show that DA exhibits excellent storage stability and lower viscosity compared with other modifiers in HCCRMA,and the 4%RLDPE with pretreated HCCR has the greatest high-temperature rutting resistance.The inclusion of RLDPE increases the stiffness and elasticity of the modified asphalt,which results in greater high-temperature performance.Additionally,the fluorescence microscopy(FM)test confirms that SBS exhibits better dispersion than other modifiers and forms a more homogeneous phase separation in the HCCRMA.All in all,this research achieved an optimal balance of storage stability and rheological properties in asphalt modified with pretreated HCCR and 6%SBS,which provides a valuable reference for performance improvement of HCCR-modified binders.
基金supported by research funds of Jeonbuk National University in 2024 and partly supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2019R1A2C1006441)from the Ministry of Education.
文摘Flubendiamide is a commonly used pesticide with low water solubility and a high organic carbon sorption constant,causing it to adhere to soil particles and negatively impact soil ecosystems.First,chili plant stems,typically discarded after the harvest season,represent an abundant local biomass resource with significant potential for utilization,and were converted into biochar through pyrolysis.Here,we describe the synthesis of biochar modified with iron and chitosan to increase the diversity of functions and surface functional groups of biochar.The resulting chitosan-modified magnetic biochar(CMBC)presents a full range of functional groups of chitosan and iron oxide as shown by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.The correlation between flubendiamide concentration and the dose of biochar on adsorption was explored.The flubendiamide adsorption efficiency of CMBC(1%mass ratio of soil)reached 68.03%in 90 min.The highest adsorption capacity achieved was 0.95 mg·g^(−1).The flubendiamide adsorption mechanism by CMBC can be described with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model.The experiment data closely fit a Freundlich isotherm model(R^(2)=0.998),and the low residual sum of squares values demonstrate the high model applicability.In this study,we present a comprehensive overview of pesticides,alongside kinetic and isotherm model studies of flubendiamide adsorption by CMBC.We emphasize the potential of modified biochar to enhance environmental remediation applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (YQ2022C040)。
文摘Oral immunization is an alternative or supplementary approach that can significantly improve dog vaccination coverage,especially for free-roaming dogs.Safe and effective oral rabies vaccines for dogs are still being sought.In our previous studies,we generated a genetically modified rabies virus(RABV) ERA strain,rERAG_(333E),containing a mutation from arginine(Arg,R) to glutamic acid(Glu,E) at residue 333 of the G protein(G_(333E)).Our previous results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe for adult mice and dogs,and oral vaccination with rERAG_(333E) induced a strong and long-lasting protective immune response in dogs.Here,we further investigated the safety and immunogenicity of rERAG_(333E) in nontarget species,including suckling mice,rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.Suckling mice studies demonstrated that the G_(333E) mutation significantly reduced the virulence of the ERA strain.All of the suckling mice aged 10 days and above survived and showed no apparent signs of disease after intracerebral inoculation with rERAG_(333E).Animal studies demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) was safe in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,piglets,goats,and sheep.None of those animals inoculated orally with 10 times the intended field dose of rERAG_(333E) showed abnormal clinical signs before and after the booster immunization with Rabvac 3,an inactivated rabies vaccine.Meanwhile,oral inoculation with rERAG_(333E) induced strong neutralizing antibody(NA) responses to RABV in rhesus monkeys,foxes,raccoon dogs,and piglets.These results demonstrated that rERAG_(333E) has the potential to serve as a safe oral rabies vaccine for dogs.
文摘In order to find the effect of different viscosity modifier dosages on asphalt binder＇s performance in bus rapid transit lanes in the city of Chengdu, three different viscosity modifiers were analyzed： TAFPACK-super （TPS）, high-viscosity additive （HVA） and road-science- technology （RST）, and four different asphalt binders were investigated through laboratory experiments. The percent- ages of the viscosity modifiers used were： TPS （0%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 14% and 16%） and RST and HVA （8% and 12%） depending on the type of asphalt binder. Technical indicators of modifier asphalt were tested through con- ventional and unconventional binder tests. It has been found out that only a percentage greater than or equal to 14% TPS is reasonable to achieve the requirement set by 20,000 Pa. s for the 60℃ dynamic viscosity on local #70 grade asphalt. The results indicate that conventional bin- ders did not meet the requirements of the 60℃ dynamic viscosity when 12% of TPS or HVA modifiers were used. In addition, the B-type styrene-butadienne-styrene （SBS） modified asphalt binder has better viscosity balance than the A-type SBS modified when 8% of each of the three different kinds of viscosity modifiers is used. Therefore, the B-type modified SBS thus appears to be a suitable choice in asphalt mixtures for bus rapid transit lane with the 60℃ dynamic viscosity.
基金Supported by the Harbin Technology Tackle Key Plan (Development Research of Wood-Polymer Composites with High Wood Matrix) and by Heilongjing Nature Science Fund (Composite Mechanism Study of the Wood Polymer).
文摘Wood-polymer composites (WPC) were prepared from wood fiber and four kinds of plastics such as PE, PS, ABS, and SAN. The effects of different modifiers on the mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The results showed modifiers could raise the bonding strength of wood fiber with polymer and improve the mechanical properties of the composites. Different modifiers had different effects on the properties of wood-polymer composites, and comparatively the modifier of isocyanate produced a better result. Wood-polymer composite takes not only the advantages of both wood fiber and polymer, but waterproof, dimensional stability and dynamic strength are also significantly improved. Key word Wood fiber - Thermoplastic polyester - Wood-polymer composites - Modifier - Mechanical properties CLC number TB332 Document code A Foundation item: This study was supported by the Harbin Technology Tackle Key Plan (Development Research of Wood-Polymer Composites with High Wood Matrix) and by Heilongjing Nature Science Fund (Composite Mechanism Study of the Wood Polymer).Biography: XU Min (1963-), Female, Associate professor in Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51141007)
文摘In the present paper, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were used to examine the effects of a Sr-Y composite modifier on the microstructure of A356 alloy. After adding Y to A356, YAl 3 compounds formed, and the size of the α （Al） crystal nucleus increased. The degree of supercooling caused by Sr-Y composite modifier was higher than Sr modification by 2.7 °C, leading to an increased nucleation rate. This increase in supercooling temperature was favorable to the refinement of eutectic structure of the alloy and its eutectic reaction was delayed to the maximum extent. The Si phase in the as-cast Sr-Y composite-modified A356 alloy was either granular or flaky. No large flakes of eutectic Si were found, and the modification effects were completely comparable with those obtained using a lone Sr modifier. After T6 heat treatment, most of the eutectic Si showed a grain-like shape with smaller grains. No eutectic Si with long-strip shapes, significant enhancements in the particle roundness and evenness of the Si crystals, and increased globosity were observed. Both the roundness and evenness of the grained Si crystals were enhanced, and the amount of globular eutectic Si available increased, these findings showed that excellent modification effects were achieved.
基金Sponsored by National Key-tech Research and Development Program of China(2011BAB03B05,2013BAC12B04)
文摘Steel slag had lower activity and much lower hydration rate than cement. Quicklime and iron tailings were designed as modification agent to adjust the composition and properties of high temperature steel slag. The results show that quicklime as modifier can greatly increase the content of cementitious minerals in modified steel slag and also promote the decomposition of RO phases and transformation of MgO in RO phase to f-MgO. After high temper- ature modification with compound modifier of quicklime and iron tailings, steel slag shows the main mineral phases of C3S, C2F and MgFe2O4. The activity index of modified steel slag at 28 days reaches 95.5% when the steel slag is modified by 15% of the compound modifier with the ratio of quicklime to iron tailings equal to 2 ： 1 at 1 350 ℃. Mo- reover, the sample with the modified steel slag exhibits the dense structure of hydration paste and the main hydration products of C-S-H gels and Ca（OH）2 crystals.
文摘Various of modifiers were used to modify the surface activity of white carbon black. The oil absorption, viscosity, hydrophobic rate and burning loss of white carbon black and the mechanical propertiess of silicone rubber were measured. The influences of the modifiers on the properties of white carbon black and the mechanical properties of silicone rubber were discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61368007,61265004,51272097)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20125314120018)
文摘The effect of glass network modifier R2O （R=Li, Na, K） on upconversion luminescence in Er3＋/yb3＋ co-doped NaYF4 oxyfluoride glass-ceramics was investigated. NaYF4 nanocrystals with different sizes were studied under glass network modifier alkali mental oxide. The nanocrystals size in NaYF4 of Li2O modified samples was 11 nm, whereas in the Na20 and K2O modified sample, the crystal size was 25 and 43 nm, respectively. It was found that red, yellow and green upconversions were observed in SAL, SAN, SAK glass ceramics. The reported results would deepen the understanding of size effects on the lanthanide upcon- version in nanocrystals.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20575048).
文摘A novel method for the determination of nickel and palladium in environmental samples by low temperature ETV-ICP-OES with dimethylglyoxime（DMG） as both the extractant and chemical modifier has been developed. In this study, it was found that nickel and palladium can form complexes with dimethylglyoxime（0. 05%, mass fraction） at pH 6.0 and can be extracted into chloroform quantitatively. The complexes can be evaporated into plasma at a suita-ble temperature（ 1400℃） for ICP-OES detection. Under the optimized conditions, the detection limits of nickel and palladium are 0.48 and 0. 40 ng/mL, respectively, while the RSD values are separately 5.0% and 3.1% （p = 50 ng/mL, n = 7）. The proposed method was applied to the determination of the target analytes in environmental sam-ples with satisfactory results.
基金the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Sichuan Province(No.03GG021-002)
文摘Using SrC12-6H2O and Na2CO3 as the main raw materials and adding different complexons as modifiers with simple co-precipitation method, SrCO3 crystals with distinct morphologies like spherical, bundle-like, overlapping plate-like, hexagonal star-like, dumbbell-like, etc. can be synthesized in the ethanol-water mixtures. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph （FT-IR）. The interrelated effect mechanism is presented in the end. Results show that the modifier carboxyl groups play a significant role in controlling the SrCO3 crystal morphologies, which can alter the crystal growth unit （Sr^2＋） supply mode and induce the crystal formation with the morphologies matching their spatial configurations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51173214, J1103305)Department of Education of Guangdong Province (2012KJCX0005)Science and Technology Bureau of Guangzhou
文摘A new macromolecular surface modifier, a copolymer of lauryl methacrylate （LMA） and poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate （PEGMA）, was synthesized through free radical polymerization. The copolymer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum （lH-NMR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The copolymer was used to blend with polyethylene. The binary blends have been characterized by attenuated total reflection/Fourier transform infrared （ATR- FTIR）, contact-angle measurements （CDA） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results indicated that poly（ethylene glycol） methyl methacrylate-co-lauryl methacrylate （PEGMA-co-LMA） could diffuse preferably onto the surface of the polyethylene （PE） film, and thus can be used as an efficient surface modifier for PE.
基金Project supported by the Special Funds of the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements,Jiangsu Province,China (Grant No. BA2008074)
文摘An acoustic pressure model of bubble bursting is proposed.An experiment studying the acoustic characteristics of the bursting bubble at the surface of a high-viscosity liquid is reported.It is found that the sudden bursting of a bubble at the high-viscosity liquid surface generates N-shape wave at first,then it transforms into a jet wave.The fundamental frequency of the acoustic signal caused by the bursting bubble decreases linearly as the bubble size increases.The results of the investigation can be used to understand the acoustic characteristics of bubble bursting.
文摘Just now,pre-modifiers are used more and more frequent than post-modifier in the development of Modern English.The post-modifier also a means of modification has received relatively little attention.In this paper,a basic analysis will be made regarding the types,directions and some comparisons of post-modifiers in forms of examples.Also included are methods suggested to cope with the problems on choosing exact usages.
基金supported by Development Center for Medical Science and Technology,National Health and Family Planning Commission of China(No.W2012ZT15)
文摘The clinical effects of two different methods–high-viscosity cement percutaneous vertebroplasty（PVP） and low-viscosity cement percutaneous kyphoplasty（PKP） in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures（OVCFs） were investigated. From June 2010 to August 2013, 98 cases of OVCFs were included in our study. Forty-six patients underwent high-viscosity PVP and 52 patients underwent low-viscosity PKP. The occurrence of cement leakage was observed. Pain relief and functional activity were evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale（VAS） and Oswestry Disability Index（ODI）, respectively. Restoration of the vertebral body height and angle of kyphosis were assessed by comparing preoperative and postoperative measurements of the anterior heights, middle heights and the kyphotic angle of the fractured vertebra. Nine out of the 54 vertebra bodies and 11 out of the 60 vertebra bodies were observed to have cement leakage in the high-viscosity PVP and low-viscosity PKP groups, respectively. The rate of cement leakage, correction of anterior vertebral height and kyphotic angles showed no significant differences between the two groups（P〉0.05）. Low-viscosity PKP had significant advantage in terms of the restoration of middle vertebral height as compared with the high-viscosity PVP（P〈0.05）. Both groups showed significant improvements in pain relief and functional capacity status after surgery（P〈0.05）. It was concluded that high-viscosity PVP and low-viscosity PKP have similar clinical effects in terms of the rate of cement leakage, restoration of the anterior vertebral body height, changes of kyphotic angles, functional activity, and pain relief. Low-viscosity PKP is better than high-viscosity PVP in restoring the height of the middle vertebra.
文摘A new kind of inelastomer impact modifier with a coreshell structure was synthesized by employing a multistep composite emulsion polymerization technique, the size and morphology structure of the coreshell particles could be controlled by the multistep composite emulsion polymerization technique. The study of the impact strength and the elongation at break of the PVC/CPE blend with different contents of coreshell particles(CS) indicated that the mechanical properties of PVC/CPE/CS composite were the best when the concentration of the particle was 25%(mass fraction) which showed the different regularities and characteristics of elastomer toughening plastic.
基金Funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51801058)the Special Program for Guiding Local Science and Technology Development by the Central Government of Hubei Province(No.2019ZYYD006)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2018CFB759)。
文摘The effects of modifiers on the anti-wetting and anti-icing property of the prepared rough aluminum surface were investigated.The rough aluminum substrates were obtained through electrochemical oxidization with 15 wt% sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte at the constant current of 4 mA for 3 h.And then they were modified with octadecanoic acid (C18),polyethylene (PE),polystyrene (PS),polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA),respectively,whose surface free energies were 27.6,31.0,33.0,61.6 and 70.0 mN/m,respectively.The contact angles (CA) were 154.6°,128.4°,127.6°,5.0° and 0.0°,respectively,and the ice adhesion pressures were 15.9,36.3,55.9,155.3 and 216.1 kPa,respectively.The ice adhesion strengths decrease along with the increasing anti-wetting property of aluminum surfaces and the decreasing of the surface energy of modifiers.These provide some new insights when designing the aluminum surface with anti-icing properties in some special applications.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50008005)
文摘In order to verify the influence of different block proportions S/B on the effect of SBS modified asphalt,the dynamic mechanical performance test and static loading test were performed on the samples composed of different kinds of SBS with base asphalt. It is found that different S/B values fix on different modified effects and different viscoelastic mechanical behaviors,due to biphasic separate fabric of polybutadiene and polystyrene in SBS. In low-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with lower S/B value shows better pavement performance,while in high-speed running pavement,the modified asphalt with higher S/B value shows better pavement performance. As far as SBS modified asphalt itself is concerned,mixing proportion impacts on resisting displacement and block proportion S/B ratio impacts on strain recovery capacity. In the case that the conditions are the same,SBS modified asphalt with different S/B values can be used for different travelling speed pavement construction demands to get an intelligent use.
