The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design c...The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design concept of eutectic electrolyte is presented by mixing long chain polymer molecules,polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether(PEGDME),with H_(2)O based on zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate(Zn(OTf)2),to reconstruct the Zn^(2+)solvated structure and in situ modified the adsorption layer on Zn electrode surface.Molecular dynamics simulations(MD),density functional theory(DFT)calculations were combined with experiment to prove that the long-chain polymer-PEGDME could effectively reduce side reactions,change the solvation structure of the electrolyte and priority absorbed on Zn(002),achieving a stable dendrite-free Zn anode.Due to the comprehensive regulation of solvation structure and zinc deposition by PEGDME,it can stably cycle for over 3200 h at room temperature at 0.5 mA/cm^(2)and 0.5 mAh/cm^(2).Even at high-temperature environments of 60℃,it can steadily work for more than 800 cycles(1600 h).Improved cyclic stability and rate performance of aqueous Zn‖VO_(2)batteries in modified electrolyte were also achieved at both room and high temperatures.Beyond that,the demonstration of stable and high-capacity Zn‖VO_(2)pouch cells also implies its practical application.展开更多
The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and elec...The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and performance.This review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.展开更多
To mitigate the impact of interdiffusion reactions between the silicide slurry and Ta12W alloy substrate during vacuum sintering process on the oxidation resistance of the silicide coating,a micro-arc oxidation pretre...To mitigate the impact of interdiffusion reactions between the silicide slurry and Ta12W alloy substrate during vacuum sintering process on the oxidation resistance of the silicide coating,a micro-arc oxidation pretreatment was employed to construct a Ta_(2)O_(5)ceramic layer on the Ta12W alloy surface.Subsequently,a slurry spraying-vacuum sintering method was used to prepare a Si-Cr-Ti-Zr coating on the pretreated substrate.Comparative studies were conducted on the microstructure,phase composition,and isothermal oxidation resistance(at 1600℃)of the as-prepared coatings with and without the micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer.The results show that the Ta_(2)O_(5)layer prepared at 400 V is more continuous and has smaller pores than that prepared at 350 V.After microarc oxidation pretreatment,the Si-Cr-Ti-Zr coating on Ta12W alloy consists of three distinct layers:an upper layer dominated by Ti_(5)Si_(3),Ta_(5)Si_(3),and ZrSi;a middle layer dominated by TaSi_(2);a coating/substrate interfacial reaction layer dominated by Ta_(5)Si_(3).Both the Si-Cr-Ti-Zr coatings with and without the Ta_(2)O_(5)ceramic layer do not fail after isothermal oxidation at 1600℃for 5 h.Notably,the addition of the Ta2O5 ceramic layer reduces the high-temperature oxidation rate of the coating.展开更多
Aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries(AAMIBs)have been recognized as emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications owning to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental ...Aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries(AAMIBs)have been recognized as emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications owning to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.However,the practical application of AAMIBs is still severely constrained by the tendency of aqueous electrolytes to freeze at low temperatures and decompose at high temperatures,limiting their operational temperature range.Considering the urgent need for energy systems with higher adaptability and resilience at various application scenarios,designing novel electrolytes via structure modulation has increasingly emerged as a feasible and economical strategy for the performance optimization of wide-temperature AAMIBs.In this review,the latest advancement of wide-temperature electrolytes for AAMIBs is systematically and comprehensively summarized.Specifically,the key challenges,failure mechanisms,correlations between hydrogen bond behaviors and physicochemical properties,and thermodynamic and kinetic interpretations in aqueous electrolytes are discussed firstly.Additionally,we offer forward-looking insights and innovative design principles for developing aqueous electrolytes capable of operating across a broad temperature range.This review is expected to provide some guidance and reference for the rational design and regulation of widetemperature electrolytes for AAMIBs and promote their future development.展开更多
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temp...Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.展开更多
The pursuit of high energy density and sustainable energy storage devices has been the target of many researchers.However,safety issues such as the susceptibility of conventional liquid electrolytes to leakage and fla...The pursuit of high energy density and sustainable energy storage devices has been the target of many researchers.However,safety issues such as the susceptibility of conventional liquid electrolytes to leakage and flammability,as well as performance degradation due to uncontrollable dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes,have been limiting the further development of energy storage devices.In this regard,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)based on lignocellulosic(cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin)have attracted great interest due to their high thermal stability,excellent electrolyte wettability,and natural abundance.Therefore,in this critical review,a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by GPEs is presented,followed by a detailed description of the opportunities and advantages of lignocellulosic materials for the fabrication of GPEs for energy storage devices.Notably,the key properties and corresponding construction strategies of GPEs for energy storage are analyzed and discussed from the perspective of lignocellulose for the first time.Moreover,the future challenges and prospects of lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage applications are also critically reviewed and discussed.We sincerely hope this review will stimulate further research on lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage and provide meaningful directions for the strategy of designing advanced GPEs.展开更多
TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing Ti...TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.展开更多
In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved cerami...In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.展开更多
Chloride-based solid electrolytes are considered promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs).However,their relatively low oxidative decomposition threshold(~4.2 V vs.L...Chloride-based solid electrolytes are considered promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs).However,their relatively low oxidative decomposition threshold(~4.2 V vs.Li^(+)/Li)constrains their use in ultrahighvoltage systems(e.g.,4.8 V).In this work,ferroelectric Ba TiO_(3)(BTO)nanoparticles with optimized thickness of~50-100 nm were successfully coated onto Li_(2.5)Y_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)Cl_(6)(LYZC@5BTO)electrolytes using a time-efficient ball-milling process.The nanoparticle-induced interfacial ionic conduction enhancement mechanism contributed to the preservation of LYZC’s high ionic conductivity,which remained at 1.06 m S cm^(-1)for LYZC@5BTO.Furthermore,this surface electric field engineering strategy effectively mitigates the voltage-induced self-decomposition of chloride-based solid electrolytes,suppresses parasitic interfacial reactions with single-crystal NCM811(SCNCM811),and inhibits the irreversible phase transition of SCNCM811.Consequently,the cycling stability of LYZC under high-voltage conditions(4.8 V vs.Li+/Li)is significantly improved.Specifically,ASSB cells employing LYZC@5BTO exhibited a superior discharge capacity of 95.4 m Ah g^(-1)over 200 cycles at 1 C,way outperforming cell using pristine LYZC that only shows a capacity of 55.4 m Ah g^(-1).Furthermore,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that Metal-O-Cl by-products from cumulative interfacial side reactions accounted for 6% of the surface species initially,rising to 26% after 200 cycles in pristine LYZC.In contrast,LYZC@5BTO limited this increase to only 14%,confirming the effectiveness of BTO in stabilizing the interfacial chemistry.This electric field modulation strategy offers a promising route toward the commercialization of high-voltage solid-state electrolytes and energy-dense ASSBs.展开更多
Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving...Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.展开更多
Silica nanosheets(SN)derived from natural vermiculite(Verm)were successfully incorporated into polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone(PES-PVP)polymer to fabricate high-temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEMs).The...Silica nanosheets(SN)derived from natural vermiculite(Verm)were successfully incorporated into polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone(PES-PVP)polymer to fabricate high-temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEMs).The content of SN filler was varied(0.1-0.75 wt%)to study its influence on proton conductivity,power density and durability.Benefiting from the hydroxyl groups of SN that enable the formation of additional proton-transferring pathways,the inorganic-organic membrane displayed enhanced proton conductivity of 48.2 mS/cm and power density of 495 mW/cm^(2) at 150℃ without humidification when the content of SN is 0.25 wt%.Furthermore,exfoliated SN(E-SN)and sulfonated SN(S-SN),which were fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation method and silane condensation,respectively,were embedded in PES-PVP polymer matrix by a simple blending method.Due to the significant contribution from sulfonic groups in S-SN,the membrane with 0.25 wt%S-SN reached the highest proton conductivity of51.5 mS/cm and peak power density of 546 mW/cm^(2) at150℃,48%higher than the pristine PES-PVP membranes.Compared to unaltered PES-PVP membrane,SN added hybrid composite membrane demonstrated excellent durability for the fuel cell at 150℃.Using a facile method to prepare 2D SN from natural clay minerals,the strategy of exfoliation and functionalization of SN can be potentially used in the production of HT-PEMs.展开更多
Acid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid(PA)-doped high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes(HT-PEMs)are critical limitations to their practical application in fuel cells.To overcome these barriers,poly(te...Acid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid(PA)-doped high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes(HT-PEMs)are critical limitations to their practical application in fuel cells.To overcome these barriers,poly(terphenyl piperidinium)s constructed from the m-and p-isomers of terphenyl were synthesized to regulate the microstructure of the membrane.Highly rigid p-terphenyl units prompt the formation of moderate PA aggregates,where the ion-pair interaction between piperidinium and biphosphate is reinforced,leading to a reduction in the plasticizing effect.As a result,there are trade-offs between the proton conductivity,mechanical strength,and PA retention of the membranes with varied m/p-isomer ratios.The designed PA-doped PTP-20m membrane exhibits superior ionic conductivity,good mechanical strength,and excellent PA retention over a wide range of temperature(80–160°C)as well as satisfactory resistance to harsh accelerated aging tests.As a result,the membrane presents a desirable combination of performance(1.462 W cm^(-2) under the H_(2)/O_(2)condition,which is 1.5 times higher than that of PBI-based membrane)and durability(300 h at 160°C and 0.2 A cm^(-2))in the fuel cell.The results of this study provide new insights that will guide molecular design from the perspective of microstructure to improve the performance and robustness of HT-PEMs.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)with high ionic conductivity are desirable for solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)to achieve enhanced safety and energy density.Incorporating nanofillers into a polymeric matrix...Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)with high ionic conductivity are desirable for solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)to achieve enhanced safety and energy density.Incorporating nanofillers into a polymeric matrix to develop nanocomposite solid electrolytes(NCSEs)has become a promising method for improving the ionic conductivity of the SPEs.Here,a novel ZIF-8-functionalized NCSE was prepared for high-temperature S SLMB s using an in situ radical polymerization method.It is found that the ZIF-8 nanoparticles could reduce the crystallinity of polymer segments and offer a Lewis acid surface that promotes the dissociation of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)and stabilizes the TFSI^(-) anion movement.Thus,the as-prepared NCSE exhibits an outstanding ionic conductivity of 1.63×10^(-3)S·cm^(-1),an electrochem ical stability window of 5.0 V at 80℃,and excellent interface compatibility with lithium metal anode with a stable polarization over 2000 h.Furthermore,the assembled SSLMBs with LiFePO_(4)cathode show dendrite-free Li-metal surface,good rate capability,and stable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 70%over 1000 cycles at a high temperature of 80℃.This work provides valuable insights into promoting the ionic conductivity of SPEs.展开更多
To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified ...To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,a...Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.展开更多
Fluoride-based electrolyte exhibits extraordinarily high oxidative stability in high-voltage lithium metal batteries(h-LMBs) due to the inherent low highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) of fiuorinated solvents. Ho...Fluoride-based electrolyte exhibits extraordinarily high oxidative stability in high-voltage lithium metal batteries(h-LMBs) due to the inherent low highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) of fiuorinated solvents. However, such fascinating properties do not bring long-term cyclability of h-LMBs. One of critical challenges is the interface instability in contacting with the Li metal anode, as fiuorinated solvents are highly susceptible to exceptionally reductive metallic Li attributed to its low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO), which leads to significant consumption of the fiuorinated components upon cycling.Herein, attenuating reductive decomposition of fiuorinated electrolytes is proposed to circumvent rapid electrolyte consumption. Specifically, the vinylene carbonate(VC) is selected to tame the reduction decomposition by preferentially forming protective layer on the Li anode. This work, experimentally and computationally, demonstrates the importance of pre-passivation of Li metal anodes at high voltage to attenuate the decomposition of fiuoroethylene carbonate(FEC). It is expected to enrich the understanding of how VC attenuate the reactivity of FEC, thereby extending the cycle life of fiuorinated electrolytes in high-voltage Li-metal batteries.展开更多
This study shows that sulfide solid-state electrolytes,β-Li_(3)PS_(4)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,are flammable solids.Both solid-state electrolytes release sulfur vapor in a dry,oxidizing environment at elevated temperature&l...This study shows that sulfide solid-state electrolytes,β-Li_(3)PS_(4)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,are flammable solids.Both solid-state electrolytes release sulfur vapor in a dry,oxidizing environment at elevated temperature<300℃.Sulfur vapor is a highly flammable gas,which then auto-ignites to produce a flame.This behavior suggests that an O_(2)-S gas-gas reaction mechanism may contribute to all-solid-state battery thermal runaway.To improve all-solid-state battery safety,current work focuses on eliminating the O_(2)source by changing the cathode active material.The conclusion of this study suggests that all-solidstate battery safety can also be realized by the development of solid-state electrolytes with less susceptibility to sulfur volatilization.展开更多
High-temperature industries,as the primary consumers of energy,are greatly concerned with energy savings.Designing refractory linings with low thermal conductivity to reduce heat dissipation through high-temperature f...High-temperature industries,as the primary consumers of energy,are greatly concerned with energy savings.Designing refractory linings with low thermal conductivity to reduce heat dissipation through high-temperature furnace linings is a critical concern.In this study,a series of novel entropy-stabilized spinel materials are reported,and their potential applications in high-temperature industries are investigated.XRD and TEM results indicate that all materials possess a cubic spinel crystal structure with the■space group.Furthermore,these materials exhibit good phase stability at high temperatures.All entropy-stabilized spinel aggregates demonstrated high refractoriness(>1800℃)and a high load softening temperature(>1700℃).The impact of configurational entropy on the properties of entropy-stabilized spinel materials was also studied.As configurational entropy increased,the thermal conductivity of the entropy-stabilized spinel decreased,while slag corrosion resistance deteriorated.For the entropy-stabilized spinel with a configurational entropy value of 1.126R,it showed good high-temperature stability,reliable resistance to slag attack,and a low thermal conductivity of 2.776 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at 1000℃.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208221,22178221)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2024A1515011078,2024A1515011507)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20220818095805012,JCYJ20230808105109019)the Start-up Research Funding of Shenzhen University(No.868-000001032522).
文摘The deterioration of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)is confronted with challenges such as unregulated Zn^(2+)diffusion,dendrite growth and severe decay in battery performance under harsh environments.Here,a design concept of eutectic electrolyte is presented by mixing long chain polymer molecules,polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether(PEGDME),with H_(2)O based on zinc trifluoromethyl sulfonate(Zn(OTf)2),to reconstruct the Zn^(2+)solvated structure and in situ modified the adsorption layer on Zn electrode surface.Molecular dynamics simulations(MD),density functional theory(DFT)calculations were combined with experiment to prove that the long-chain polymer-PEGDME could effectively reduce side reactions,change the solvation structure of the electrolyte and priority absorbed on Zn(002),achieving a stable dendrite-free Zn anode.Due to the comprehensive regulation of solvation structure and zinc deposition by PEGDME,it can stably cycle for over 3200 h at room temperature at 0.5 mA/cm^(2)and 0.5 mAh/cm^(2).Even at high-temperature environments of 60℃,it can steadily work for more than 800 cycles(1600 h).Improved cyclic stability and rate performance of aqueous Zn‖VO_(2)batteries in modified electrolyte were also achieved at both room and high temperatures.Beyond that,the demonstration of stable and high-capacity Zn‖VO_(2)pouch cells also implies its practical application.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No. SWU-KT22030)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission of China (No.KJQN202300205)financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the project of 457444676。
文摘The development of flexible supercapacitors(FSCs) capable of operating at high temperatures is crucial for expanding the application areas and operating conditions of supercapacitors. Gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials stand as two key components that significantly impact the efficacy of hightemperature-tolerant FSCs(HT-FSCs). They should not only exhibit high electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility, but also withstand intense thermal stress. Considerable efforts have been devoted to enhancing their thermal stability while maintaining high electrochemical and mechanical performance. In this review, the fundamentals of HT-FSCs are outlined. A comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art progress and achievements in HT-FSCs, with a focus on thermally stable gel polymer electrolytes and electrode materials is provided. Finally, challenges and future perspectives regarding HT-FSCs are discussed, alongside strategies for elevating operational temperatures and performance.This review offers both theoretical foundations and practical guidelines for designing and manufacturing HT-FSCs, further promoting their widespread adoption across diverse fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071274)Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province(2023-YBGY-442)Science and Technology Nova Project-Innovative Talent Promotion Program of Shaanxi Province(2020KJXX-062)。
文摘To mitigate the impact of interdiffusion reactions between the silicide slurry and Ta12W alloy substrate during vacuum sintering process on the oxidation resistance of the silicide coating,a micro-arc oxidation pretreatment was employed to construct a Ta_(2)O_(5)ceramic layer on the Ta12W alloy surface.Subsequently,a slurry spraying-vacuum sintering method was used to prepare a Si-Cr-Ti-Zr coating on the pretreated substrate.Comparative studies were conducted on the microstructure,phase composition,and isothermal oxidation resistance(at 1600℃)of the as-prepared coatings with and without the micro-arc oxidation ceramic layer.The results show that the Ta_(2)O_(5)layer prepared at 400 V is more continuous and has smaller pores than that prepared at 350 V.After microarc oxidation pretreatment,the Si-Cr-Ti-Zr coating on Ta12W alloy consists of three distinct layers:an upper layer dominated by Ti_(5)Si_(3),Ta_(5)Si_(3),and ZrSi;a middle layer dominated by TaSi_(2);a coating/substrate interfacial reaction layer dominated by Ta_(5)Si_(3).Both the Si-Cr-Ti-Zr coatings with and without the Ta_(2)O_(5)ceramic layer do not fail after isothermal oxidation at 1600℃for 5 h.Notably,the addition of the Ta2O5 ceramic layer reduces the high-temperature oxidation rate of the coating.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002297)National Key R&D Program of China(2022VFB2404800)+1 种基金Wuhan Yellow Crane Talents Program,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M752495)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230552).
文摘Aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries(AAMIBs)have been recognized as emerging electrochemical energy storage technologies for grid-scale applications owning to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and environmental sustainability.However,the practical application of AAMIBs is still severely constrained by the tendency of aqueous electrolytes to freeze at low temperatures and decompose at high temperatures,limiting their operational temperature range.Considering the urgent need for energy systems with higher adaptability and resilience at various application scenarios,designing novel electrolytes via structure modulation has increasingly emerged as a feasible and economical strategy for the performance optimization of wide-temperature AAMIBs.In this review,the latest advancement of wide-temperature electrolytes for AAMIBs is systematically and comprehensively summarized.Specifically,the key challenges,failure mechanisms,correlations between hydrogen bond behaviors and physicochemical properties,and thermodynamic and kinetic interpretations in aqueous electrolytes are discussed firstly.Additionally,we offer forward-looking insights and innovative design principles for developing aqueous electrolytes capable of operating across a broad temperature range.This review is expected to provide some guidance and reference for the rational design and regulation of widetemperature electrolytes for AAMIBs and promote their future development.
基金the financial support from the Key Project of Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation-Key Project of Laboratory(2025SYS-SYSZD-117)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2025JCYBQN-125)+8 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(0959202513002)the Key Industrial Chain Technology Research Program of Xi'an(24ZDCYJSGG0048)the Key Research and Development Program of Xianyang(L2023-ZDYF-SF-077)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20241442)Shaanxi Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024BSHSDZZ070)Research Funds for the Interdisciplinary Projects,CHU(300104240913)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHU(300102385739,300102384201,300102384103)the Scientific Innovation Practice Project of Postgraduate of Chang'an University(300103725063)the financial support from the Australian Research Council。
文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),while dominant in energy storage due to high energy density and cycling stability,suffer from severe capacity decay,rate capability degradation,and lithium dendrite formation under low-temperature(LT)operation.Therefore,a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of LIB behavior at LT is urgently required.This review article comprehensively reviews recent advancements in electrolyte engineering strategies aimed at improving the low-temperature operational capabilities of LIBs.The study methodically examines critical performance-limiting mechanisms through fundamental analysis of four primary challenges:insufficient ionic conductivity under cryogenic conditions,kinetically hindered charge transfer processes,Li+transport limitations across the solidelectrolyte interphase(SEI),and uncontrolled lithium dendrite growth.The work elaborates on innovative optimization approaches encompassing lithium salt molecular design with tailored dissociation characteristics,solvent matrix optimization through dielectric constant and viscosity regulation,interfacial engineering additives for constructing low-impedance SEI layers,and gel-polymer composite electrolyte systems.Notably,particular emphasis is placed on emerging machine learning-guided electrolyte formulation strategies that enable high-throughput virtual screening of constituent combinations and prediction of structure-property relationships.These artificial intelligence-assisted rational design frameworks demonstrate significant potential for accelerating the development of next-generation LT electrolytes by establishing quantitative composition-performance correlations through advanced data-driven methodologies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52125202,52202100,and U24A2065)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20243016)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024T171166).
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered considerable attention as promising post-lithium energy storage technologies owing to their intrinsic safety,cost-effectiveness,and competitive gravimetric energy density.However,their practical commercialization is hindered by critical challenges on the anode side,including dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the anode/electrolyte interface.Recent studies highlight that rational electrolyte structure engineering offers an effective route to mitigate these issues and strengthen the electrochemical performance of the zinc metal anode.In this review,we systematically summarize state-of-the-art strategies for electrolyte optimization,with a particular focus on the zinc salts regulation,electrolyte additives,and the construction of novel electrolytes,while elucidating the underlying design principles.We further discuss the key structure–property relationships governing electrolyte behavior to provide guidance for the development of next-generation electrolytes.Finally,future perspectives on advanced electrolyte design are proposed.This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference for researchers exploring high-performance electrolyte engineering in AZIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32501592,32271814,32301530,32471806)Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by Cast(No.YESS20230242)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(23JCZDJC00630,24JCZDJC00630)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740563)Tianjin Enterprise Technology Commissioner Project(25YDTPJC00690)China Scholarship Council(202408120091,202408120105).
文摘The pursuit of high energy density and sustainable energy storage devices has been the target of many researchers.However,safety issues such as the susceptibility of conventional liquid electrolytes to leakage and flammability,as well as performance degradation due to uncontrollable dendrite growth in liquid electrolytes,have been limiting the further development of energy storage devices.In this regard,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)based on lignocellulosic(cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin)have attracted great interest due to their high thermal stability,excellent electrolyte wettability,and natural abundance.Therefore,in this critical review,a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by GPEs is presented,followed by a detailed description of the opportunities and advantages of lignocellulosic materials for the fabrication of GPEs for energy storage devices.Notably,the key properties and corresponding construction strategies of GPEs for energy storage are analyzed and discussed from the perspective of lignocellulose for the first time.Moreover,the future challenges and prospects of lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage applications are also critically reviewed and discussed.We sincerely hope this review will stimulate further research on lignocellulose-mediated GPEs in energy storage and provide meaningful directions for the strategy of designing advanced GPEs.
基金supported by the Original Exploratory Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52450012)。
文摘TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of china(No.U2241205)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Nos.2022JC-33,2023-GHZD-35,and 2024JC-ZDXM-25)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National 111 Project to provide fund for conducting experiments。
文摘In this study,the design,analysis,manufacturing,and testing of a 3D-printed conformal microstrip array antenna for high-temperature environments is presented.3D printing technology is used to fabricate a curved ceramic substrate,and laser sintering and microdroplet spraying processes are used to add the conductive metal on the curved substrate.The problems of gain loss,bandwidth reduction,and frequency shift caused by high temperatures are addressed by using a proper antenna design,with parasitic patches,slots,and metal resonant cavities.The antenna prototype is characterized by the curved substrates and the conductive metals for the power dividers,the patch,and the ground plane;its performance is examined up to a temperature of 600℃in a muffle furnace and compared with the results from the numerical analysis.The results show that the antenna can effectively function at 600℃and even higher temperatures.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20240813142900001)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety。
文摘Chloride-based solid electrolytes are considered promising candidates for next-generation high-energy-density all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs).However,their relatively low oxidative decomposition threshold(~4.2 V vs.Li^(+)/Li)constrains their use in ultrahighvoltage systems(e.g.,4.8 V).In this work,ferroelectric Ba TiO_(3)(BTO)nanoparticles with optimized thickness of~50-100 nm were successfully coated onto Li_(2.5)Y_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)Cl_(6)(LYZC@5BTO)electrolytes using a time-efficient ball-milling process.The nanoparticle-induced interfacial ionic conduction enhancement mechanism contributed to the preservation of LYZC’s high ionic conductivity,which remained at 1.06 m S cm^(-1)for LYZC@5BTO.Furthermore,this surface electric field engineering strategy effectively mitigates the voltage-induced self-decomposition of chloride-based solid electrolytes,suppresses parasitic interfacial reactions with single-crystal NCM811(SCNCM811),and inhibits the irreversible phase transition of SCNCM811.Consequently,the cycling stability of LYZC under high-voltage conditions(4.8 V vs.Li+/Li)is significantly improved.Specifically,ASSB cells employing LYZC@5BTO exhibited a superior discharge capacity of 95.4 m Ah g^(-1)over 200 cycles at 1 C,way outperforming cell using pristine LYZC that only shows a capacity of 55.4 m Ah g^(-1).Furthermore,time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that Metal-O-Cl by-products from cumulative interfacial side reactions accounted for 6% of the surface species initially,rising to 26% after 200 cycles in pristine LYZC.In contrast,LYZC@5BTO limited this increase to only 14%,confirming the effectiveness of BTO in stabilizing the interfacial chemistry.This electric field modulation strategy offers a promising route toward the commercialization of high-voltage solid-state electrolytes and energy-dense ASSBs.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52203123 and 52473248)State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering(sklpme2024-2-04)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiessponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘Composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs)offer a promising solution for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries(ASSLMBs).However,conventional nanofillers with Lewis-acid-base surfaces make limited contribution to improving the overall performance of CPEs due to their difficulty in achieving robust electrochemical and mechanical interfaces simultaneously.Here,by regulating the surface charge characteristics of halloysite nanotube(HNT),we propose a concept of lithium-ion dynamic interface(Li^(+)-DI)engineering in nano-charged CPE(NCCPE).Results show that the surface charge characteristics of HNTs fundamentally change the Li^(+)-DI,and thereof the mechanical and ion-conduction behaviors of the NCCPEs.Particularly,the HNTs with positively charged surface(HNTs+)lead to a higher Li^(+)transference number(0.86)than that of HNTs-(0.73),but a lower toughness(102.13 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs+and 159.69 MJ m^(-3)for HNTs-).Meanwhile,a strong interface compatibilization effect by Li^(+)is observed for especially the HNTs+-involved Li^(+)-DI,which improves the toughness by 2000%compared with the control.Moreover,HNTs+are more effective to weaken the Li^(+)-solvation strength and facilitate the formation of Li F-rich solid-electrolyte interphase of Li metal compared to HNTs-.The resultant Li|NCCPE|LiFePO4cell delivers a capacity of 144.9 m Ah g^(-1)after 400 cycles at 0.5 C and a capacity retention of 78.6%.This study provides deep insights into understanding the roles of surface charges of nanofillers in regulating the mechanical and electrochemical interfaces in ASSLMBs.
基金the EPSRC grant EP/009050/1supported by the Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials which is funded by EPSRC grants EP/S019367/1,EP/P025021/1,EP/R00661X/1 and EP/P025498/1.
文摘Silica nanosheets(SN)derived from natural vermiculite(Verm)were successfully incorporated into polyethersulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone(PES-PVP)polymer to fabricate high-temperature proton exchange membranes(HT-PEMs).The content of SN filler was varied(0.1-0.75 wt%)to study its influence on proton conductivity,power density and durability.Benefiting from the hydroxyl groups of SN that enable the formation of additional proton-transferring pathways,the inorganic-organic membrane displayed enhanced proton conductivity of 48.2 mS/cm and power density of 495 mW/cm^(2) at 150℃ without humidification when the content of SN is 0.25 wt%.Furthermore,exfoliated SN(E-SN)and sulfonated SN(S-SN),which were fabricated by a liquid-phase exfoliation method and silane condensation,respectively,were embedded in PES-PVP polymer matrix by a simple blending method.Due to the significant contribution from sulfonic groups in S-SN,the membrane with 0.25 wt%S-SN reached the highest proton conductivity of51.5 mS/cm and peak power density of 546 mW/cm^(2) at150℃,48%higher than the pristine PES-PVP membranes.Compared to unaltered PES-PVP membrane,SN added hybrid composite membrane demonstrated excellent durability for the fuel cell at 150℃.Using a facile method to prepare 2D SN from natural clay minerals,the strategy of exfoliation and functionalization of SN can be potentially used in the production of HT-PEMs.
基金supported by The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB4001204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379143)。
文摘Acid loss and plasticization of phosphoric acid(PA)-doped high-temperature polymer electrolyte membranes(HT-PEMs)are critical limitations to their practical application in fuel cells.To overcome these barriers,poly(terphenyl piperidinium)s constructed from the m-and p-isomers of terphenyl were synthesized to regulate the microstructure of the membrane.Highly rigid p-terphenyl units prompt the formation of moderate PA aggregates,where the ion-pair interaction between piperidinium and biphosphate is reinforced,leading to a reduction in the plasticizing effect.As a result,there are trade-offs between the proton conductivity,mechanical strength,and PA retention of the membranes with varied m/p-isomer ratios.The designed PA-doped PTP-20m membrane exhibits superior ionic conductivity,good mechanical strength,and excellent PA retention over a wide range of temperature(80–160°C)as well as satisfactory resistance to harsh accelerated aging tests.As a result,the membrane presents a desirable combination of performance(1.462 W cm^(-2) under the H_(2)/O_(2)condition,which is 1.5 times higher than that of PBI-based membrane)and durability(300 h at 160°C and 0.2 A cm^(-2))in the fuel cell.The results of this study provide new insights that will guide molecular design from the perspective of microstructure to improve the performance and robustness of HT-PEMs.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202103021224177)the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange Special Project of Shanxi Province(No.202204041101005)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory Research Foundation of North University of China and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Electrode Materials(No.202104010910019)the funding support from the Australian Research Council(No.DP200102573)。
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)with high ionic conductivity are desirable for solid-state lithium metal batteries(SSLMBs)to achieve enhanced safety and energy density.Incorporating nanofillers into a polymeric matrix to develop nanocomposite solid electrolytes(NCSEs)has become a promising method for improving the ionic conductivity of the SPEs.Here,a novel ZIF-8-functionalized NCSE was prepared for high-temperature S SLMB s using an in situ radical polymerization method.It is found that the ZIF-8 nanoparticles could reduce the crystallinity of polymer segments and offer a Lewis acid surface that promotes the dissociation of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)and stabilizes the TFSI^(-) anion movement.Thus,the as-prepared NCSE exhibits an outstanding ionic conductivity of 1.63×10^(-3)S·cm^(-1),an electrochem ical stability window of 5.0 V at 80℃,and excellent interface compatibility with lithium metal anode with a stable polarization over 2000 h.Furthermore,the assembled SSLMBs with LiFePO_(4)cathode show dendrite-free Li-metal surface,good rate capability,and stable cycling stability with a capacity retention of 70%over 1000 cycles at a high temperature of 80℃.This work provides valuable insights into promoting the ionic conductivity of SPEs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064,52302234,52272241)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR24E020001+2 种基金Natural Science of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2023B009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710950)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z21131),National Key Laboratory Projects(No.SYSKT20230056).
文摘To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071126)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(22JCQNJC01240)+2 种基金Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(226Z1009G)Special Funds for Science and Technology Innovation in Hebei(2022X19)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085ME135)。
文摘Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22379121, 62005216)Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang (No. LQ22F050013)+1 种基金Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Open Fund (2023FE005)Shenzhen Foundation Research Program (No. JCYJ20220530112812028)。
文摘Fluoride-based electrolyte exhibits extraordinarily high oxidative stability in high-voltage lithium metal batteries(h-LMBs) due to the inherent low highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) of fiuorinated solvents. However, such fascinating properties do not bring long-term cyclability of h-LMBs. One of critical challenges is the interface instability in contacting with the Li metal anode, as fiuorinated solvents are highly susceptible to exceptionally reductive metallic Li attributed to its low lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO), which leads to significant consumption of the fiuorinated components upon cycling.Herein, attenuating reductive decomposition of fiuorinated electrolytes is proposed to circumvent rapid electrolyte consumption. Specifically, the vinylene carbonate(VC) is selected to tame the reduction decomposition by preferentially forming protective layer on the Li anode. This work, experimentally and computationally, demonstrates the importance of pre-passivation of Li metal anodes at high voltage to attenuate the decomposition of fiuoroethylene carbonate(FEC). It is expected to enrich the understanding of how VC attenuate the reactivity of FEC, thereby extending the cycle life of fiuorinated electrolytes in high-voltage Li-metal batteries.
文摘This study shows that sulfide solid-state electrolytes,β-Li_(3)PS_(4)and Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl,are flammable solids.Both solid-state electrolytes release sulfur vapor in a dry,oxidizing environment at elevated temperature<300℃.Sulfur vapor is a highly flammable gas,which then auto-ignites to produce a flame.This behavior suggests that an O_(2)-S gas-gas reaction mechanism may contribute to all-solid-state battery thermal runaway.To improve all-solid-state battery safety,current work focuses on eliminating the O_(2)source by changing the cathode active material.The conclusion of this study suggests that all-solidstate battery safety can also be realized by the development of solid-state electrolytes with less susceptibility to sulfur volatilization.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52472032 and 52172023)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2024AFA083)
文摘High-temperature industries,as the primary consumers of energy,are greatly concerned with energy savings.Designing refractory linings with low thermal conductivity to reduce heat dissipation through high-temperature furnace linings is a critical concern.In this study,a series of novel entropy-stabilized spinel materials are reported,and their potential applications in high-temperature industries are investigated.XRD and TEM results indicate that all materials possess a cubic spinel crystal structure with the■space group.Furthermore,these materials exhibit good phase stability at high temperatures.All entropy-stabilized spinel aggregates demonstrated high refractoriness(>1800℃)and a high load softening temperature(>1700℃).The impact of configurational entropy on the properties of entropy-stabilized spinel materials was also studied.As configurational entropy increased,the thermal conductivity of the entropy-stabilized spinel decreased,while slag corrosion resistance deteriorated.For the entropy-stabilized spinel with a configurational entropy value of 1.126R,it showed good high-temperature stability,reliable resistance to slag attack,and a low thermal conductivity of 2.776 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at 1000℃.
