Meso-scale eddies are important features in the South China Sea（SCS）. The eddies with diameters of 50–200 km can greatly impact the transport of heat, momentum, and tracers. A high-resolution wave-tide-circulation ...Meso-scale eddies are important features in the South China Sea（SCS）. The eddies with diameters of 50–200 km can greatly impact the transport of heat, momentum, and tracers. A high-resolution wave-tide-circulation coupled model was developed to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS in this study. The aim of this study is to examine the model ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilations The simulated Sea Surface Height（SSH） anomalies agree with the observed the AVISO SSH anomalies well. The simulated subsurface temperature profiles agree with the CTD observation data from the ROSE（Responses of Marine Hazards to climate change in the Western Pacific） project. The simulated upper-ocean currents also agree with the main circulation based on observations. A warm eddy is identified in winter in the northern SCS. The position and domain of the simulated eddy are confirmed by the observed sea surface height data from the AVISO. The result shows that the model has the ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilation.The three-dimensional structure of the meso-scale eddy in the SCS is analyzed using the model result. It is found that the eddy center is tilted vertically, which agrees with the observation. It is also found that the velocity center of the eddy does not coincide with the temperature center of the eddy. The result shows that the model has the ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilations. Further study on the forming mechanism and the three-dimensional structure of the meso-scale eddies will be carried out using the model result and cruise observation data in the near future.展开更多
High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with com...High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality （CMAQ） model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-kin grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model （GPV-MSM） data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-krn grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable differences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.展开更多
Following the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project(HighResMIP)Tier 2 protocol under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),three numerical experiments are conducted with the Chinese Academy ...Following the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project(HighResMIP)Tier 2 protocol under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),three numerical experiments are conducted with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model,version f3-H(CAS FGOALS-f3-H),and a 101-year(1950–2050)global high-resolution simulation dataset is presented in this study.The basic configuration of the FGOALSf3-H model and numerical experiments design are briefly described,and then the historical simulation is validated.Forced by observed radiative agents from 1950 to 2014,the coupled model essentially reproduces the observed long-term trends of temperature,precipitation,and sea ice extent,as well as the large-scale pattern of temperature and precipitation.With an approximate 0.25°horizontal resolution in the atmosphere and 0.1°in the ocean,the coupled models also simulate energetic western boundary currents and the Antarctic Circulation Current(ACC),reasonable characteristics of extreme precipitation,and realistic frontal scale air-sea interaction.The dataset and supporting detailed information have been published in the Earth System Grid Federation.展开更多
To improve the weather forecasting over the Beijing area for the 2008 Olympic Games,a triple-nested(27/9/3km) WRFVar/WRF system with 3-h update cycle was established.Experiments have been done for a convective event t...To improve the weather forecasting over the Beijing area for the 2008 Olympic Games,a triple-nested(27/9/3km) WRFVar/WRF system with 3-h update cycle was established.Experiments have been done for a convective event that occurred on August 1,2006.The results showed that the high-resolution rapid update cycle gave a good precipitation forecast;the tunings of background error statistics(BES) and observation-error statistics in WRFVar improved the skill of the precipitation forecast;the BES for the fine domain(3 km) obtained by interpolation from its parent domain(9 km) can be used in 3 km WRFVar as a reasonable approximation.The user can now save a great deal of work related to the derivation of the fine mesh BES from the forecast over a period of time;the rapid update cycle with 3-h frequency has satisfied the forecast,and the update cycle with 1-h frequency was not necessary.展开更多
Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, can...Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, cannot resolve the effects of topography and land use as they impact the local temperature and precipitation that are keys to climate impacts. We developed a robust dynamical downscaling strategy that used the WRF regional climate model to downscale at 4 - 12 km resolution GCM results. Model verification demonstrates the need for such resolution of topography in order to properly simulate temperatures. Precipitation is more difficult to evaluate, being highly variable in time and space. Overall, a 36 km resolution is inadequate;12 km appears reasonable, especially in regions of low topography, but the 4 km resolution provides the best match with observations. This represents a tradeoff between model resolution and the computational effort needed to make simulations. A key goal is to provide climate change specialists in each country with the information they need to evaluate possible future climate change impacts.展开更多
Under global warming,extreme weather events and air pollution are becoming increasingly critical challenges.Both pose serious risks to human health,economies,and societal stability,and their complex interactions can f...Under global warming,extreme weather events and air pollution are becoming increasingly critical challenges.Both pose serious risks to human health,economies,and societal stability,and their complex interactions can further amplify these impacts.Numerical models are essential tools for studying these phenomena;however,traditional low-resolution Earth system models often fail to accurately capture the dynamics of extreme weather and air pollution.This limitation hinders our mechanistic understanding,reduces the reliability of future projections,and constrains the development of effective adaptation strategies.Dynamical downscaling—an approach that uses highresolution regional models nested within global models—offers a partial solution.However,this method inherits biases from the parent global models and often fails to adequately represent multi-scale and cross-sphere interactions involving the atmosphere,land,and oceans.These shortcomings underscore the growing need for developing and applying high-resolution Earth system models that can more comprehensively and accurately depict land-sea-atmosphere interactions,including heat and material exchanges and their spatial heterogeneity.This article explores the current challenges,recent advances,and future opportunities in understanding the interplay between extreme weather events and air pollution,with a focus on the critical role of high-resolution modeling.展开更多
Continental silicate weathering acts as a crucial negative feedback mechanism for removing atmospheric CO_(2) and maintaining Earth's long-term climate stability.However,quantifying continental silicate weathering...Continental silicate weathering acts as a crucial negative feedback mechanism for removing atmospheric CO_(2) and maintaining Earth's long-term climate stability.However,quantifying continental silicate weathering rates and fluxes continues to pose a fundamental challenge in Earth system science.This study utilizes the GEOCLIM carbon cycle model,which integrates modern high-resolution(0.1°×0.1°)datasets on surface temperature,runoff,topography,and lithology to model the spatial distribution of global silicate weathering fluxes.Results indicate a strong correlation between modeled basin-scale outputs and hydrological observations,with weathering rates falling within consistent error margins.Silicate weathering fluxes exhibit distinct latitudinal patterns,with the highest values concentrated within 30°of the equator,accounting for 76.9%of the global total.Continental contributions differ significantly,with Asian river basins representing 36.9%of global fluxes,primarily from Southeast Asia(17.4%),South Asia(8.2%),and East Asia(6.6%).They are followed by South America(29.2%)and Africa(21.7%).Tectonically active regions contribute 21.9%of global silicate weathering,while stable regions account for 72.6%.Multivariate regression analyses using RF and XGBoost machine learning algorithms identify runoff as the primary controlling factor of weathering on a global scale.Weathering in stable regions is jointly regulated by runoff and erosion rates,whereas temperature is the prevailing factor in tectonically active zones.The GEOCLIM model offers a robust framework for quantifying continental weathering processes.Future studies should incorporate organic carbon oxidation,burial,and sulfide oxidation dynamics to clarify carbon cycle interactions and reveal climate-dependent mechanisms for weathering responses and feedback.展开更多
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)promises rapid atomic-scale dynamic structure imaging.Yet,the precision limitations of aberration parameters and the challenge of eliminating aberrations in Cs-co...High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)promises rapid atomic-scale dynamic structure imaging.Yet,the precision limitations of aberration parameters and the challenge of eliminating aberrations in Cs-corrected transmission electron microscopy constrain resolution.A machine learning algorithm is developed to determine the aberration parameters with higher precision from small,lattice-periodic crystal images.The proposed algorithm is then validated with simulated HRTEM images of graphene and applied to the experimental images of a molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))monolayer with 25 variables(14 aberrations)resolved in wide ranges.Using these measured parameters,the phases of the exit-wave functions are reconstructed for each image in a focal series of MoS_(2)monolayers.The images were acquired due to the unexpected movement of the specimen holder.Four-dimensional data extraction reveals time-varying atomic structures and ripple.In particular,the atomic evolution of the sulfur-vacancy point and line defects,as well as the edge structure near the amorphous,is visualized as the resolution has been improved from about 1.75?to 0.9 A.This method can help salvage important transmission electron microscope images and is beneficial for the images obtained from electron microscopes with average stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerosis,a leading cause of stroke,involves arterial plaque formation.This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imag...BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerosis,a leading cause of stroke,involves arterial plaque formation.This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging(HR-VWI).AIM To investigate the factors of intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling patterns and the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling and diabetes mellitus using HR-VWI.METHODS Ninety-four patients diagnosed with middle cerebral artery or basilar artery INTRODUCTION Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is one of the main causes of ischaemic stroke in the world,accounting for approx-imately 10%of transient ischaemic attacks and 30%-50%of ischaemic strokes[1].It is the most common factor among Asian people[2].The adaptive changes in the structure and function of blood vessels that can adapt to changes in the internal and external environment are called vascular remodelling,which is a common and important pathological mechanism in atherosclerotic diseases,and the remodelling mode of atherosclerotic plaques is closely related to the occurrence of stroke.Positive remodelling(PR)is an outwards compensatory remodelling where the arterial wall grows outwards in an attempt to maintain a constant lumen diameter.For a long time,it was believed that the degree of stenosis can accurately reflect the risk of ischaemic stroke[3-5].Previous studies have revealed that lesions without significant luminal stenosis can also lead to acute events[6,7],as summarized in a recent meta-analysis study in which approximately 50%of acute/subacute ischaemic events were due to this type of lesion[6].Research[8,9]has pointed out that the PR of plaques is more dangerous and more likely to cause acute ischaemic stroke.Previous studies[10-13]have found that there are specific vascular remodelling phenomena in the coronary and carotid arteries of diabetic patients.However,due to the deep location and small lumen of intracranial arteries and limitations of imaging techniques,the relationship between intracranial arterial remodelling and diabetes is still unclear.In recent years,with the development of magnetic resonance technology and the emergence of high-resolution(HR)vascular wall imaging,a clear and multidimensional display of the intracranial vascular wall has been achieved.Therefore,in this study,HR wall imaging(HR-VWI)was used to display the remodelling characteristics of bilateral middle cerebral arteries and basilar arteries and to explore the factors of intracranial vascular remodelling and its relationship with diabetes.展开更多
Individual Tree Detection-and-Counting(ITDC)is among the important tasks in town areas,and numerous methods are proposed in this direction.Despite their many advantages,still,the proposed methods are inadequate to pro...Individual Tree Detection-and-Counting(ITDC)is among the important tasks in town areas,and numerous methods are proposed in this direction.Despite their many advantages,still,the proposed methods are inadequate to provide robust results because they mostly rely on the direct field investigations.This paper presents a novel approach involving high-resolution imagery and the Canopy-Height-Model(CHM)data to solve the ITDC problem.The new approach is studied in six urban scenes:farmland,woodland,park,industrial land,road and residential areas.First,it identifies tree canopy regions using a deep learning network from high-resolution imagery.It then deploys the CHM-data to detect treetops of the canopy regions using a local maximum algorithm and individual tree canopies using the region growing.Finally,it calculates and describes the number of individual trees and tree canopies.The proposed approach is experimented with the data from Shanghai,China.Our results show that the individual tree detection method had an average overall accuracy of 0.953,with a precision of 0.987 for woodland scene.Meanwhile,the R^(2) value for canopy segmentation in different urban scenes is greater than 0.780 and 0.779 for canopy area and diameter size,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method is robust enough for urban tree planning and management.展开更多
During drilling operations,the low resolution of seismic data often limits the accurate characterization of small-scale geological bodies near the borehole and ahead of the drill bit.This study investigates high-resol...During drilling operations,the low resolution of seismic data often limits the accurate characterization of small-scale geological bodies near the borehole and ahead of the drill bit.This study investigates high-resolution seismic data processing technologies and methods tailored for drilling scenarios.The high-resolution processing of seismic data is divided into three stages:pre-drilling processing,post-drilling correction,and while-drilling updating.By integrating seismic data from different stages,spatial ranges,and frequencies,together with information from drilled wells and while-drilling data,and applying artificial intelligence modeling techniques,a progressive high-resolution processing technology of seismic data based on multi-source information fusion is developed,which performs simple and efficient seismic information updates during drilling.Case studies show that,with the gradual integration of multi-source information,the resolution and accuracy of seismic data are significantly improved,and thin-bed weak reflections are more clearly imaged.The updated seismic information while-drilling demonstrates high value in predicting geological bodies ahead of the drill bit.Validation using logging,mud logging,and drilling engineering data ensures the fidelity of the processing results of high-resolution seismic data.This provides clearer and more accurate stratigraphic information for drilling operations,enhancing both drilling safety and efficiency.展开更多
The objective of image-based virtual try-on is to seamlessly integrate clothing onto a target image, generating a realistic representation of the character in the specified attire. However, existing virtual try-on met...The objective of image-based virtual try-on is to seamlessly integrate clothing onto a target image, generating a realistic representation of the character in the specified attire. However, existing virtual try-on methods frequently encounter challenges, including misalignment between the body and clothing, noticeable artifacts, and the loss of intricate garment details. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a two-stage high-resolution virtual try-on framework that integrates an attention mechanism, comprising a garment warping stage and an image generation stage. During the garment warping stage, we incorporate a channel attention mechanism to effectively retain the critical features of the garment, addressing challenges such as the loss of patterns, colors, and other essential details commonly observed in virtual try-on images produced by existing methods. During the image generation stage, with the aim of maximizing the utilization of the information proffered by the input image, the input features undergo double sampling within the normalization procedure, thereby enhancing the detail fidelity and clothing alignment efficacy of the output image. Experimental evaluations conducted on high-resolution datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results demonstrate significant improvements in preserving garment details, reducing artifacts, and achieving superior alignment between the clothing and body compared to baseline methods, establishing its advantage in generating realistic and high-quality virtual try-on images.展开更多
In oceanic and atmospheric science,finer resolutions have become a prevailing trend in all aspects of development.For high-resolution fluid flow simulations,the computational costs of widely used numerical models incr...In oceanic and atmospheric science,finer resolutions have become a prevailing trend in all aspects of development.For high-resolution fluid flow simulations,the computational costs of widely used numerical models increase significantly with the resolution.Artificial intelligence methods have attracted increasing attention because of their high precision and fast computing speeds compared with traditional numerical model methods.The resolution-independent Fourier neural operator(FNO)presents a promising solution to the still challenging problem of high-resolution fluid flow simulations based on low-resolution data.Accordingly,we assess the potential of FNO for high-resolution fluid flow simulations using the vorticity equation as an example.We assess and compare the performance of FNO in multiple high-resolution tests varying the amounts of data and the evolution durations.When assessed with finer resolution data(even up to number of grid points with 1280×1280),the FNO model,trained at low resolution(number of grid points with 64×64)and with limited data,exhibits a stable overall error and good accuracy.Additionally,our work demonstrates that the FNO model takes less time than the traditional numerical method for high-resolution simulations.This suggests that FNO has the prospect of becoming a cost-effective and highly precise model for high-resolution simulations in the future.Moreover,FNO can make longer high-resolution predictions while training with less data by superimposing vorticity fields from previous time steps as input.A suitable initial learning rate can be set according to the frequency principle,and the time intervals of the dataset need to be adjusted according to the spatial resolution of the input when training the FNO model.Our findings can help optimize FNO for future fluid flow simulations.展开更多
While algorithms have been created for land usage in urban settings,there have been few investigations into the extraction of urban footprint(UF).To address this research gap,the study employs several widely used imag...While algorithms have been created for land usage in urban settings,there have been few investigations into the extraction of urban footprint(UF).To address this research gap,the study employs several widely used image classification method classified into three categories to evaluate their segmentation capabilities for extracting UF across eight cities.The results indicate that pixel-based methods only excel in clear urban environments,and their overall accuracy is not consistently high.RF and SVM perform well but lack stability in object-based UF extraction,influenced by feature selection and classifier performance.Deep learning enhances feature extraction but requires powerful computing and faces challenges with complex urban layouts.SAM excels in medium-sized urban areas but falters in intricate layouts.Integrating traditional and deep learning methods optimizes UF extraction,balancing accuracy and processing efficiency.Future research should focus on adapting algorithms for diverse urban landscapes to enhance UF extraction accuracy and applicability.展开更多
Understanding vegetation water availability can be important for managing vegetation and combating climate change.Changes in vegetation water availability throughout China remains poorly understood,especially at a hig...Understanding vegetation water availability can be important for managing vegetation and combating climate change.Changes in vegetation water availability throughout China remains poorly understood,especially at a high spatial resolution.Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)is an ideal water availability index for assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and investigating the vegetation-water availability relationship.However,no high-resolution and long-term SPEI datasets over China are available.To fill this gap,we developed a new model based on machine learning to obtain high-resolution(1 km)SPEI data by combining climate variables with topographical and geographical features.Here,we analyzed the long-term drought over the past century(1901–2020)and vegetation-water availability relationship in the past two decades(2000–2020).The century-long drought trend analyses indicated an overall drying trend across China with increasing drought frequency,duration,and severity during the past century.We found that drought events in 1901–1961 showed a larger increase than that in 1961–2020,with the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau showing a significant drying trend during 1901–1960 but a wetting trend during 1961–2020.There were 13.90%and 28.21%of vegetation in China showing water deficit and water surplus respectively during 2000–2020.The water deficit area significantly shrank from 2000 to 2020 across China,which is dominated by the significant decrease in water deficit areas in South China.Among temperature,precipitation,and vegetation abundance,temperature is the most important factor for the vegetation-water availability dynamics in China over the past two decades,with high temperature contributing to water deficit.Our findings are important for water and vegetation management under a warming climate.展开更多
Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-...Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.展开更多
We proposed and compared three methods(filter burnup,single energy burnup,and burnup extremum analysis)to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors.The filter burnup and singl...We proposed and compared three methods(filter burnup,single energy burnup,and burnup extremum analysis)to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors.The filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to~1 eV,thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy range.The burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency,thereby constructing extreme curves.The three curves,which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region,are of physical significance because they have similar distributions.A high-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production was established based on these three curves,and its universality and feasibility were proven.The neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of ^(238)Pu by up to 18.81%.The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution,thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of ^(238)Pu.展开更多
A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization guidelines.This work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air po...A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization guidelines.This work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air pollution modelling system by integrating a set of adequate tools.This system is able to provide detailed air pollutant concentrations in urban areas and support air quality management strategies through a better identification of different atmospheric processes.It also allows furthering the design and assessment of air pollution control measures for a specific area.To evaluate its performance and suitability,the system was applied to the Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR),China,one of the most densely populated areas on earth,during a winter period when this area is affected by high levels of Particulate Matter(PM).Although the developed system tends to underestimate the PM concentrations,it revealed a good performance in reproducing the temporal and spatial air pollution patterns.Several exceedances of the Chinese air quality standards were calculated and high population exposure to PM pollution was estimated.The tested urban atmospheric emission reduction scenarios have shown air quality improvements,indicating that emission reduction measures at urban level should focus on the domestic sector.However,it is crucial to implement joint pollution prevention strategies with neighbouring regions to improve the air quality in Macao SAR.The approach developed in this work can support policymakers in defining new strategies to reduce atmospheric pollution in urban areas.展开更多
This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is ...This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.展开更多
Based on the high-and low-resolution Community Earth System Model, version 1(CESM1), and corresponding simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6), we compare the interannual variabili...Based on the high-and low-resolution Community Earth System Model, version 1(CESM1), and corresponding simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6), we compare the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM). The EASM interannual variability is characterized by the anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone(WNPAC) circulation and the dipole rainfall pattern with a negative southern lobe over the western North Pacific and a positive northern lobe along the Meiyu–Baiu region, which is better reproduced by the highresolution models. The reason for the improvement in the high-resolution models has been attributed to the better simulation of the warm temperature advection from the wind anomalies on the climatological temperature gradient. Positive sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean are the key to the improved wind anomalies featuring a WNPAC in the high-resolution models. The warm SST anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean strengthen the WNPAC by triggering a Kelvin-wave response to the enhanced heat release induced by the increased precipitation. Based on the mixed-layer heat budget analysis, the warm SST anomalies over the western Indian Ocean in the high-resolution CESM1 are tied to the anomalous easterly wind along the equator, which reduces surface evaporation and upwelling.Therefore, the better simulations of air–sea feedback and the oceanic mesoscale eddy over the western Indian Ocean are the key for the improved simulation of the EASM interannual variations in the high-resolution CESM1.展开更多
基金The National Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China under contract No.2014CB745004China-Korea Cooperation Project on the development of oceanic monitoring and prediction system on nuclear safety+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41206025NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers under contract No.U1406404supported by China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center
文摘Meso-scale eddies are important features in the South China Sea（SCS）. The eddies with diameters of 50–200 km can greatly impact the transport of heat, momentum, and tracers. A high-resolution wave-tide-circulation coupled model was developed to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS in this study. The aim of this study is to examine the model ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilations The simulated Sea Surface Height（SSH） anomalies agree with the observed the AVISO SSH anomalies well. The simulated subsurface temperature profiles agree with the CTD observation data from the ROSE（Responses of Marine Hazards to climate change in the Western Pacific） project. The simulated upper-ocean currents also agree with the main circulation based on observations. A warm eddy is identified in winter in the northern SCS. The position and domain of the simulated eddy are confirmed by the observed sea surface height data from the AVISO. The result shows that the model has the ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilation.The three-dimensional structure of the meso-scale eddy in the SCS is analyzed using the model result. It is found that the eddy center is tilted vertically, which agrees with the observation. It is also found that the velocity center of the eddy does not coincide with the temperature center of the eddy. The result shows that the model has the ability to simulate the meso-scale eddy in the SCS without data assimilations. Further study on the forming mechanism and the three-dimensional structure of the meso-scale eddies will be carried out using the model result and cruise observation data in the near future.
文摘High-resolution modeling approach is increasingly being considered as a necessary step for improving the monitoring and predictions of regional air quality. This is especially true for highly urbanized region with complex terrain and land-use. This study uses Community Multiscale Air Quality （CMAQ） model coupled with MM5 mesoscale model for a comprehensive analysis to assess the suitability of such high-resolution modeling system in predicting ozone air quality in the complex terrains of Osaka, Japan. The 1-km and 3-kin grid domains were nested inside a 9-km domain and the domain with 1-km grid covered the Osaka region. High-resolution Grid Point Value-Mesoscale Model （GPV-MSM） data were used after suitable validation. The simulated ozone concentrations were validated and evaluated using statistical metrics using performance criteria set for ozone. Daily maxima of ozone were found better simulated by the 1-krn grid domain than the coarser 9-km and 3-km domains, with the maximum improvement in the mean absolute gross error about 3 ppbv. In addition, 1-km grid results fared better than other grids at most of the observation stations that showed noticeable differences in gross error as well as correlation. These results amply justify the use of the integrated high-resolution MM5-CMAQ modeling system in the highly urbanized region, such as the Osaka region, which has complex terrain and land-use.
基金jointly supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA19060102 and XDB42000000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91958201 and 42130608)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608800)supported by the National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(EarthLab)。
文摘Following the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project(HighResMIP)Tier 2 protocol under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),three numerical experiments are conducted with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model,version f3-H(CAS FGOALS-f3-H),and a 101-year(1950–2050)global high-resolution simulation dataset is presented in this study.The basic configuration of the FGOALSf3-H model and numerical experiments design are briefly described,and then the historical simulation is validated.Forced by observed radiative agents from 1950 to 2014,the coupled model essentially reproduces the observed long-term trends of temperature,precipitation,and sea ice extent,as well as the large-scale pattern of temperature and precipitation.With an approximate 0.25°horizontal resolution in the atmosphere and 0.1°in the ocean,the coupled models also simulate energetic western boundary currents and the Antarctic Circulation Current(ACC),reasonable characteristics of extreme precipitation,and realistic frontal scale air-sea interaction.The dataset and supporting detailed information have been published in the Earth System Grid Federation.
文摘To improve the weather forecasting over the Beijing area for the 2008 Olympic Games,a triple-nested(27/9/3km) WRFVar/WRF system with 3-h update cycle was established.Experiments have been done for a convective event that occurred on August 1,2006.The results showed that the high-resolution rapid update cycle gave a good precipitation forecast;the tunings of background error statistics(BES) and observation-error statistics in WRFVar improved the skill of the precipitation forecast;the BES for the fine domain(3 km) obtained by interpolation from its parent domain(9 km) can be used in 3 km WRFVar as a reasonable approximation.The user can now save a great deal of work related to the derivation of the fine mesh BES from the forecast over a period of time;the rapid update cycle with 3-h frequency has satisfied the forecast,and the update cycle with 1-h frequency was not necessary.
文摘Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, cannot resolve the effects of topography and land use as they impact the local temperature and precipitation that are keys to climate impacts. We developed a robust dynamical downscaling strategy that used the WRF regional climate model to downscale at 4 - 12 km resolution GCM results. Model verification demonstrates the need for such resolution of topography in order to properly simulate temperatures. Precipitation is more difficult to evaluate, being highly variable in time and space. Overall, a 36 km resolution is inadequate;12 km appears reasonable, especially in regions of low topography, but the 4 km resolution provides the best match with observations. This represents a tradeoff between model resolution and the computational effort needed to make simulations. A key goal is to provide climate change specialists in each country with the information they need to evaluate possible future climate change impacts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42122039 and 42375189)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(China)(Nos.LSKJ202300401 and LSKJ202202201)+1 种基金Hainan Provincial Joint Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City(China)(No.2021JJLH0050)Deliang Chen was supported by Tsinghua University(China)(No.100008001).
文摘Under global warming,extreme weather events and air pollution are becoming increasingly critical challenges.Both pose serious risks to human health,economies,and societal stability,and their complex interactions can further amplify these impacts.Numerical models are essential tools for studying these phenomena;however,traditional low-resolution Earth system models often fail to accurately capture the dynamics of extreme weather and air pollution.This limitation hinders our mechanistic understanding,reduces the reliability of future projections,and constrains the development of effective adaptation strategies.Dynamical downscaling—an approach that uses highresolution regional models nested within global models—offers a partial solution.However,this method inherits biases from the parent global models and often fails to adequately represent multi-scale and cross-sphere interactions involving the atmosphere,land,and oceans.These shortcomings underscore the growing need for developing and applying high-resolution Earth system models that can more comprehensively and accurately depict land-sea-atmosphere interactions,including heat and material exchanges and their spatial heterogeneity.This article explores the current challenges,recent advances,and future opportunities in understanding the interplay between extreme weather events and air pollution,with a focus on the critical role of high-resolution modeling.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0800504)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41991324)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92479106)。
文摘Continental silicate weathering acts as a crucial negative feedback mechanism for removing atmospheric CO_(2) and maintaining Earth's long-term climate stability.However,quantifying continental silicate weathering rates and fluxes continues to pose a fundamental challenge in Earth system science.This study utilizes the GEOCLIM carbon cycle model,which integrates modern high-resolution(0.1°×0.1°)datasets on surface temperature,runoff,topography,and lithology to model the spatial distribution of global silicate weathering fluxes.Results indicate a strong correlation between modeled basin-scale outputs and hydrological observations,with weathering rates falling within consistent error margins.Silicate weathering fluxes exhibit distinct latitudinal patterns,with the highest values concentrated within 30°of the equator,accounting for 76.9%of the global total.Continental contributions differ significantly,with Asian river basins representing 36.9%of global fluxes,primarily from Southeast Asia(17.4%),South Asia(8.2%),and East Asia(6.6%).They are followed by South America(29.2%)and Africa(21.7%).Tectonically active regions contribute 21.9%of global silicate weathering,while stable regions account for 72.6%.Multivariate regression analyses using RF and XGBoost machine learning algorithms identify runoff as the primary controlling factor of weathering on a global scale.Weathering in stable regions is jointly regulated by runoff and erosion rates,whereas temperature is the prevailing factor in tectonically active zones.The GEOCLIM model offers a robust framework for quantifying continental weathering processes.Future studies should incorporate organic carbon oxidation,burial,and sulfide oxidation dynamics to clarify carbon cycle interactions and reveal climate-dependent mechanisms for weathering responses and feedback.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971201)。
文摘High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)promises rapid atomic-scale dynamic structure imaging.Yet,the precision limitations of aberration parameters and the challenge of eliminating aberrations in Cs-corrected transmission electron microscopy constrain resolution.A machine learning algorithm is developed to determine the aberration parameters with higher precision from small,lattice-periodic crystal images.The proposed algorithm is then validated with simulated HRTEM images of graphene and applied to the experimental images of a molybdenum disulfide(MoS_(2))monolayer with 25 variables(14 aberrations)resolved in wide ranges.Using these measured parameters,the phases of the exit-wave functions are reconstructed for each image in a focal series of MoS_(2)monolayers.The images were acquired due to the unexpected movement of the specimen holder.Four-dimensional data extraction reveals time-varying atomic structures and ripple.In particular,the atomic evolution of the sulfur-vacancy point and line defects,as well as the edge structure near the amorphous,is visualized as the resolution has been improved from about 1.75?to 0.9 A.This method can help salvage important transmission electron microscope images and is beneficial for the images obtained from electron microscopes with average stability.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071871Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2021A1515220131+1 种基金Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project,No.2022111520491834Clinical Research Project of Shenzhen Second People's Hospital,No.20223357022。
文摘BACKGROUND Intracranial atherosclerosis,a leading cause of stroke,involves arterial plaque formation.This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging(HR-VWI).AIM To investigate the factors of intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling patterns and the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling and diabetes mellitus using HR-VWI.METHODS Ninety-four patients diagnosed with middle cerebral artery or basilar artery INTRODUCTION Intracranial atherosclerotic disease is one of the main causes of ischaemic stroke in the world,accounting for approx-imately 10%of transient ischaemic attacks and 30%-50%of ischaemic strokes[1].It is the most common factor among Asian people[2].The adaptive changes in the structure and function of blood vessels that can adapt to changes in the internal and external environment are called vascular remodelling,which is a common and important pathological mechanism in atherosclerotic diseases,and the remodelling mode of atherosclerotic plaques is closely related to the occurrence of stroke.Positive remodelling(PR)is an outwards compensatory remodelling where the arterial wall grows outwards in an attempt to maintain a constant lumen diameter.For a long time,it was believed that the degree of stenosis can accurately reflect the risk of ischaemic stroke[3-5].Previous studies have revealed that lesions without significant luminal stenosis can also lead to acute events[6,7],as summarized in a recent meta-analysis study in which approximately 50%of acute/subacute ischaemic events were due to this type of lesion[6].Research[8,9]has pointed out that the PR of plaques is more dangerous and more likely to cause acute ischaemic stroke.Previous studies[10-13]have found that there are specific vascular remodelling phenomena in the coronary and carotid arteries of diabetic patients.However,due to the deep location and small lumen of intracranial arteries and limitations of imaging techniques,the relationship between intracranial arterial remodelling and diabetes is still unclear.In recent years,with the development of magnetic resonance technology and the emergence of high-resolution(HR)vascular wall imaging,a clear and multidimensional display of the intracranial vascular wall has been achieved.Therefore,in this study,HR wall imaging(HR-VWI)was used to display the remodelling characteristics of bilateral middle cerebral arteries and basilar arteries and to explore the factors of intracranial vascular remodelling and its relationship with diabetes.
基金supported by the project funded by International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable 740 Development Goals[Grant Number CBAS2022GSP07]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Chongqing Natural Science Foundation[Grant Number CSTB2022NSCQMSX 2069]Ministry of Education of China[Grant Number 19JZD023].
文摘Individual Tree Detection-and-Counting(ITDC)is among the important tasks in town areas,and numerous methods are proposed in this direction.Despite their many advantages,still,the proposed methods are inadequate to provide robust results because they mostly rely on the direct field investigations.This paper presents a novel approach involving high-resolution imagery and the Canopy-Height-Model(CHM)data to solve the ITDC problem.The new approach is studied in six urban scenes:farmland,woodland,park,industrial land,road and residential areas.First,it identifies tree canopy regions using a deep learning network from high-resolution imagery.It then deploys the CHM-data to detect treetops of the canopy regions using a local maximum algorithm and individual tree canopies using the region growing.Finally,it calculates and describes the number of individual trees and tree canopies.The proposed approach is experimented with the data from Shanghai,China.Our results show that the individual tree detection method had an average overall accuracy of 0.953,with a precision of 0.987 for woodland scene.Meanwhile,the R^(2) value for canopy segmentation in different urban scenes is greater than 0.780 and 0.779 for canopy area and diameter size,respectively.These results confirm that the proposed method is robust enough for urban tree planning and management.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24B2031)National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFA0702504)"14th Five-Year Plan"Science and Technology Project of CNOOC(KJGG2022-0201)。
文摘During drilling operations,the low resolution of seismic data often limits the accurate characterization of small-scale geological bodies near the borehole and ahead of the drill bit.This study investigates high-resolution seismic data processing technologies and methods tailored for drilling scenarios.The high-resolution processing of seismic data is divided into three stages:pre-drilling processing,post-drilling correction,and while-drilling updating.By integrating seismic data from different stages,spatial ranges,and frequencies,together with information from drilled wells and while-drilling data,and applying artificial intelligence modeling techniques,a progressive high-resolution processing technology of seismic data based on multi-source information fusion is developed,which performs simple and efficient seismic information updates during drilling.Case studies show that,with the gradual integration of multi-source information,the resolution and accuracy of seismic data are significantly improved,and thin-bed weak reflections are more clearly imaged.The updated seismic information while-drilling demonstrates high value in predicting geological bodies ahead of the drill bit.Validation using logging,mud logging,and drilling engineering data ensures the fidelity of the processing results of high-resolution seismic data.This provides clearer and more accurate stratigraphic information for drilling operations,enhancing both drilling safety and efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61772179)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2022JJ50016,2023JJ50095)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Plan Project of Hunan Province(2016TP1020)Double First-Class University Project of Hunan Province(Xiangjiaotong[2018]469,[2020]248).
文摘The objective of image-based virtual try-on is to seamlessly integrate clothing onto a target image, generating a realistic representation of the character in the specified attire. However, existing virtual try-on methods frequently encounter challenges, including misalignment between the body and clothing, noticeable artifacts, and the loss of intricate garment details. To overcome these challenges, we introduce a two-stage high-resolution virtual try-on framework that integrates an attention mechanism, comprising a garment warping stage and an image generation stage. During the garment warping stage, we incorporate a channel attention mechanism to effectively retain the critical features of the garment, addressing challenges such as the loss of patterns, colors, and other essential details commonly observed in virtual try-on images produced by existing methods. During the image generation stage, with the aim of maximizing the utilization of the information proffered by the input image, the input features undergo double sampling within the normalization procedure, thereby enhancing the detail fidelity and clothing alignment efficacy of the output image. Experimental evaluations conducted on high-resolution datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results demonstrate significant improvements in preserving garment details, reducing artifacts, and achieving superior alignment between the clothing and body compared to baseline methods, establishing its advantage in generating realistic and high-quality virtual try-on images.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42425606the Basic Scientific Fund for the National Public Research Institute of China(Shu-Xingbei Young Talent Program)under contract No.2023S01+1 种基金the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center Scientific and Technological Cooperation Project under contract No.GHKJ2024005China-Korea Joint Ocean Research Center Project under contract Nos PI-20240101(China)and 20220407(Korea).
文摘In oceanic and atmospheric science,finer resolutions have become a prevailing trend in all aspects of development.For high-resolution fluid flow simulations,the computational costs of widely used numerical models increase significantly with the resolution.Artificial intelligence methods have attracted increasing attention because of their high precision and fast computing speeds compared with traditional numerical model methods.The resolution-independent Fourier neural operator(FNO)presents a promising solution to the still challenging problem of high-resolution fluid flow simulations based on low-resolution data.Accordingly,we assess the potential of FNO for high-resolution fluid flow simulations using the vorticity equation as an example.We assess and compare the performance of FNO in multiple high-resolution tests varying the amounts of data and the evolution durations.When assessed with finer resolution data(even up to number of grid points with 1280×1280),the FNO model,trained at low resolution(number of grid points with 64×64)and with limited data,exhibits a stable overall error and good accuracy.Additionally,our work demonstrates that the FNO model takes less time than the traditional numerical method for high-resolution simulations.This suggests that FNO has the prospect of becoming a cost-effective and highly precise model for high-resolution simulations in the future.Moreover,FNO can make longer high-resolution predictions while training with less data by superimposing vorticity fields from previous time steps as input.A suitable initial learning rate can be set according to the frequency principle,and the time intervals of the dataset need to be adjusted according to the spatial resolution of the input when training the FNO model.Our findings can help optimize FNO for future fluid flow simulations.
文摘While algorithms have been created for land usage in urban settings,there have been few investigations into the extraction of urban footprint(UF).To address this research gap,the study employs several widely used image classification method classified into three categories to evaluate their segmentation capabilities for extracting UF across eight cities.The results indicate that pixel-based methods only excel in clear urban environments,and their overall accuracy is not consistently high.RF and SVM perform well but lack stability in object-based UF extraction,influenced by feature selection and classifier performance.Deep learning enhances feature extraction but requires powerful computing and faces challenges with complex urban layouts.SAM excels in medium-sized urban areas but falters in intricate layouts.Integrating traditional and deep learning methods optimizes UF extraction,balancing accuracy and processing efficiency.Future research should focus on adapting algorithms for diverse urban landscapes to enhance UF extraction accuracy and applicability.
基金funded by the General Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42377467).
文摘Understanding vegetation water availability can be important for managing vegetation and combating climate change.Changes in vegetation water availability throughout China remains poorly understood,especially at a high spatial resolution.Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)is an ideal water availability index for assessing the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought and investigating the vegetation-water availability relationship.However,no high-resolution and long-term SPEI datasets over China are available.To fill this gap,we developed a new model based on machine learning to obtain high-resolution(1 km)SPEI data by combining climate variables with topographical and geographical features.Here,we analyzed the long-term drought over the past century(1901–2020)and vegetation-water availability relationship in the past two decades(2000–2020).The century-long drought trend analyses indicated an overall drying trend across China with increasing drought frequency,duration,and severity during the past century.We found that drought events in 1901–1961 showed a larger increase than that in 1961–2020,with the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau showing a significant drying trend during 1901–1960 but a wetting trend during 1961–2020.There were 13.90%and 28.21%of vegetation in China showing water deficit and water surplus respectively during 2000–2020.The water deficit area significantly shrank from 2000 to 2020 across China,which is dominated by the significant decrease in water deficit areas in South China.Among temperature,precipitation,and vegetation abundance,temperature is the most important factor for the vegetation-water availability dynamics in China over the past two decades,with high temperature contributing to water deficit.Our findings are important for water and vegetation management under a warming climate.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(D20232101)Shandong Second Medical University 2024 Affiliated Hospital(Teaching Hospital)Scientific Research Development Fund Project(2024FYQ026)+3 种基金the innovative Research Programme of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital(XYY2023ZY01)Faculty Development Grants of Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine(XYY2023D05)Joint supported by Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation and Xiangyang of China(2025AFD091)Traditional Chinese Medicine Scientific Research Project of Hubei Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZY2025D019).
文摘Background:Diabetic foot,a severe complication of diabetes,is characterized by chronic refractory wounds.Sanhuang Oil,a topical herbal formula,demonstrates significant therapeutic effects including antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,and immunomodulatory activities.However,its active constituents and mechanisms of action against diabetic foot remain to be elucidated.Methods:In this study,the chemical constituents of Sanhuang Oil were identified using UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Sanhuang Oil promotes diabetic foot ulcer healing was predicted by integrating network pharmacology and molecular docking.Additionally,diabetic mouse model was established in ICR mice using a combination of a high-fat diet(HFD)and streptozotocin(STZ)chemical induction.A full-thickness skin defect was created on the dorsum of the mice.Wound healing and the healing rate were observed following Sanhuang Oil intervention.The mechanism underlying Sanhuang Oil’s promotion of diabetic ulcer healing was further investigated using transcriptomics and histopathological examination(H&E staining).Results:A total of 97 active ingredients were identified from Sanhuang Oil.Network pharmacology analysis predicted 543 common targets,and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis identified 203 relevant pathways.Molecular docking further confirmed high binding affinity(binding energy≤−5.0 kcal/mol)between specific active components in Sanhuang Oil(e.g.,coptisine,phellodendrine,baicalein)and key targets associated with diabetic foot ulcers(e.g.,EGFR,AKT1,STAT3).In vivo experimental results demonstrated that the wound healing rate was significantly higher in Sanhuang Oil-treated groups compared to the model group(P<0.001).HE staining revealed that the high-dose Sanhuang Oil group exhibited more pronounced epithelial tissue coverage over the wound,reduced inflammatory cell infiltration,and increased collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation.transcriptomic analysis identified Pdk4,Ttn,Csrp3,Actn2,Myoz2,Tnnc2,Myod1,Myog,Myot,and Myf6 as key regulatory proteins involved in promoting wound healing.Conclusion:Sanhuang Oil promotes wound healing in diabetic ulcer mice,potentially by mitigating inflammation and regulating key targets such as Pdk4 to enhance fibroblast function.These findings provide novel insights into the multi-target,multi-pathway mechanism of Sanhuang Oil for treating diabetic foot ulcers.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12305190)Lingchuang Research Project of China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC)the Science and Technology on Reactor System Design Technology Laboratory
文摘We proposed and compared three methods(filter burnup,single energy burnup,and burnup extremum analysis)to build a high-resolution neutronics model for 238Pu production in high-flux reactors.The filter burnup and single energy burnup methods have no theoretical approximation and can achieve a spectrum resolution of up to~1 eV,thereby constructing the importance curve and yield curve of the full energy range.The burnup extreme analysis method combines the importance and yield curves to consider the influence of irradiation time on production efficiency,thereby constructing extreme curves.The three curves,which quantify the transmutation rate of the nuclei in each energy region,are of physical significance because they have similar distributions.A high-resolution neutronics model for ^(238)Pu production was established based on these three curves,and its universality and feasibility were proven.The neutronics model can guide the neutron spectrum optimization and improve the yield of ^(238)Pu by up to 18.81%.The neutronics model revealed the law of nuclei transmutation in all energy regions with high spectrum resolution,thus providing theoretical support for high-flux reactor design and irradiation production of ^(238)Pu.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of the Macao SAR government under grant no.079/2013/A3the university multi-year research grant MYRG-2014-00038-FST of the research committee of the University of Macao+1 种基金the university postgraduate studentshipfinancial support to CESAM by FCT/MCTES (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020),through national funds。
文摘A high percentage of the world's population lives in areas where air pollutant concentrations exceed the World Health Organization guidelines.This work aims to develop and test,a high-resolution multi-scale air pollution modelling system by integrating a set of adequate tools.This system is able to provide detailed air pollutant concentrations in urban areas and support air quality management strategies through a better identification of different atmospheric processes.It also allows furthering the design and assessment of air pollution control measures for a specific area.To evaluate its performance and suitability,the system was applied to the Macao Special Administrative Region(SAR),China,one of the most densely populated areas on earth,during a winter period when this area is affected by high levels of Particulate Matter(PM).Although the developed system tends to underestimate the PM concentrations,it revealed a good performance in reproducing the temporal and spatial air pollution patterns.Several exceedances of the Chinese air quality standards were calculated and high population exposure to PM pollution was estimated.The tested urban atmospheric emission reduction scenarios have shown air quality improvements,indicating that emission reduction measures at urban level should focus on the domestic sector.However,it is crucial to implement joint pollution prevention strategies with neighbouring regions to improve the air quality in Macao SAR.The approach developed in this work can support policymakers in defining new strategies to reduce atmospheric pollution in urban areas.
文摘This paper presents our endeavors in developing the large-scale, ultra-high-resolution E3SM Land Model (uELM), specifically designed for exascale computers furnished with accelerators such as Nvidia GPUs. The uELM is a sophisticated code that substantially relies on High-Performance Computing (HPC) environments, necessitating particular machine and software configurations. To facilitate community-based uELM developments employing GPUs, we have created a portable, standalone software environment preconfigured with uELM input datasets, simulation cases, and source code. This environment, utilizing Docker, encompasses all essential code, libraries, and system software for uELM development on GPUs. It also features a functional unit test framework and an offline model testbed for comprehensive numerical experiments. From a technical perspective, the paper discusses GPU-ready container generations, uELM code management, and input data distribution across computational platforms. Lastly, the paper demonstrates the use of environment for functional unit testing, end-to-end simulation on CPUs and GPUs, and collaborative code development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Nos.42275018 (L.D.) and 42175029 (F.S.)]the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scientists Fund Program (Overseas) [Grant No.2022HWYQ-065 (L.D.)]+3 种基金the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province [Grant No.tsqn202211068 (L.D.)]the Fund of Laoshan Laboratory [Grant Nos.LSKJ202202602 (L.D.) and LSKJ202202201 (F.S.)]financially supported by Laoshan Laboratory (Grant No.LSKJ202300302)supported by the Office of Science, U.S.Department of Energy (DOE) Biological and Environmental Research through the Water Cycle and Climate Extremes Modeling (WACCEM) scientific focus area funded by the Regional and Global Model Analysis program area。
文摘Based on the high-and low-resolution Community Earth System Model, version 1(CESM1), and corresponding simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6), we compare the interannual variability of the East Asian summer monsoon(EASM). The EASM interannual variability is characterized by the anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone(WNPAC) circulation and the dipole rainfall pattern with a negative southern lobe over the western North Pacific and a positive northern lobe along the Meiyu–Baiu region, which is better reproduced by the highresolution models. The reason for the improvement in the high-resolution models has been attributed to the better simulation of the warm temperature advection from the wind anomalies on the climatological temperature gradient. Positive sea surface temperature(SST) anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean are the key to the improved wind anomalies featuring a WNPAC in the high-resolution models. The warm SST anomalies over the tropical Indian Ocean strengthen the WNPAC by triggering a Kelvin-wave response to the enhanced heat release induced by the increased precipitation. Based on the mixed-layer heat budget analysis, the warm SST anomalies over the western Indian Ocean in the high-resolution CESM1 are tied to the anomalous easterly wind along the equator, which reduces surface evaporation and upwelling.Therefore, the better simulations of air–sea feedback and the oceanic mesoscale eddy over the western Indian Ocean are the key for the improved simulation of the EASM interannual variations in the high-resolution CESM1.
