α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organi...α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organic compounds with diverse structures.Herein,the advances in the research areas ofα-trifluoromethyl ketone synthesis and their defluorination reactions are reviewed.Discussion on the mechanisms of the typical reactions has also been provided,in hope of affording some guides to the chemistry ofα-trifluoromethyl ketones in the synthetic methods toward themselves and their derivatives.展开更多
Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vi...Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.展开更多
Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based ...Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.展开更多
High-purity indium finds extensive application in the aerospace,electronics,medical,energy,and national defense sectors.Its purity and impurity contents significantly influence its performance in these applications.Hi...High-purity indium finds extensive application in the aerospace,electronics,medical,energy,and national defense sectors.Its purity and impurity contents significantly influence its performance in these applications.High-purity indium was prepared by combining zone refining with vacuum distillation.Results show that the average removal efficiency of impurity Sb can approach 95%,while the removal efficiency of impurities Sn and Bi can reach over 95%,and the removal efficiency of Si,Fe,Ni,and Pb can reach over 85%.Ultimately,the amount of Sn and Sb impurities is reduced to 2.0 and 4.1μg/kg,respectively,and that of most impurities,including Fe,Ni,Pb,and Bi,is reduced to levels below the instrumental detection limit.The average impurity removal efficiency is 90.9%,and the indium purity reaches 7N9.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as fre...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as freestanding anodes,conductive additives,and current collectors,are discussed.Challenges,strategies,and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples.Particularly,when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions,the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT-based electrode,which dictates the quality of the resulting solid-electrolyte interface,becomes a concern.Hence,in this review the different lithium-ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared;the influence of not only CNT structural features(including their length,defect density,diameter,and wall thickness)but also the electrolyte composition on the solid-electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail.Strategies to optimize the solid-solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered.By emphasizing the importance of such a structure-performance relationship,the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.展开更多
The Monte Carlo(MC)method offers significant advantages in handling complex geometries and physical processes in particle transport problems and has become a widely used approach in reactor physics analysis,radiation ...The Monte Carlo(MC)method offers significant advantages in handling complex geometries and physical processes in particle transport problems and has become a widely used approach in reactor physics analysis,radiation shielding design,and medical physics.However,with the rapid advancement of new nuclear energy systems,the Monte Carlo method faces challenges in efficiency,accuracy,and adaptability,limiting its effectiveness in meeting modern design requirements.Overcoming technical obstacles related to high-fidelity coupling,high-resolution computation,and intelligent design is essential for using the Monte Carlo method as a reliable tool in numerical analysis for these new nuclear energy systems.To address these challenges,the Nuclear Energy and Application Laboratory(NEAL)team at the University of South China developed a multifunctional and generalized intelligent code platform called MagicMC,based on the Monte Carlo particle transport method.MagicMC is a developing tool dedicated to nuclear applications,incorporating intelligent methodologies.It consists of two primary components:a basic unit and a functional unit.The basic unit,which functions similarly to a standard Monte Carlo particle transport code,includes seven modules:geometry,source,transport,database,tally,output,and auxiliary.The functional unit builds on the basic unit by adding functional modules to address complex and diverse applications in nuclear analysis.MagicMC introduces a dynamic Monte Carlo particle transport algorithm to address time-space particle transport problems within emerging nuclear energy systems and incorporates a CPU-GPU heterogeneous parallel framework to enable high-efficiency,high-resolution simulations for large-scale computational problems.Anticipating future trends in intelligent design,MagicMC integrates several advanced features,including CAD-based geometry modeling,global variance reduction methods,multi-objective shielding optimization,high-resolution activation analysis,multi-physics coupling,and radiation therapy.In this paper,various numerical benchmarks-spanning reactor transient simulations,material activation analysis,radiation shielding optimization,and medical dosimetry analysis-are presented to validate MagicMC.The numerical results demonstrate MagicMC's efficiency,accuracy,and reliability in these preliminary applications,underscoring its potential to support technological advancements in developing high-fidelity,high-resolution,and high-intelligence MC-based tools for advanced nuclear applications.展开更多
In this review,we propose a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing(AM)technologies and design possibilities in manufacturing metamaterials for various applications in the biomedical field,of which many are i...In this review,we propose a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing(AM)technologies and design possibilities in manufacturing metamaterials for various applications in the biomedical field,of which many are inspired by nature itself.It describes how new AM technologies(e.g.continuous liquid interface production and multiphoton polymerization,etc)and recent developments in more mature AM technologies(e.g.powder bed fusion,stereolithography,and extrusion-based bioprinting(EBB),etc)lead to more precise,efficient,and personalized biomedical components.EBB is a revolutionary topic creating intricate models with remarkable mechanical compatibility of metamaterials,for instance,stress elimination for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,negative or zero Poisson’s ratio.By exploiting the designs of porous structures(e.g.truss,triply periodic minimal surface,plant/animal-inspired,and functionally graded lattices,etc),AM-made bioactive bone implants,artificial tissues,and organs are made for tissue replacement.The material palette of the AM metamaterials has high diversity nowadays,ranging from alloys and metals(e.g.cobalt-chromium alloys and titanium,etc)to polymers(e.g.biodegradable polycaprolactone and polymethyl methacrylate,etc),which could be even integrated within bioactive ceramics.These advancements are driving the progress of the biomedical field,improving human health and quality of life.展开更多
Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,envir...Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.展开更多
Exosomes(Exos)are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases and offer promi...Exosomes(Exos)are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases and offer promising avenues for therapeutic interventions.Exos derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have significant immunomodulatory properties.They effectively regulate immune responses by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity.These Exos can inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair.Moreover,they participate in antigen presentation,which is essential for activating immune responses.The cargo of these Exos,including ligands,proteins,and microRNAs,can suppress T cell activity or enhance the population of immunosuppressive cells to dampen the immune response.By inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation,acting on macrophages,and increasing the population of regulatory T cells,these Exos contribute to maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore,they can activate immune-related signaling pathways or serve as vehicles to deliver microRNAs and other bioactive substances to target tumor cells,which holds potential for immunotherapy applications.Given the immense therapeutic potential of MSC-derived Exos,this review comprehensively explores their mechanisms of immune regulation and therapeutic applications in areas such as infection control,tumor suppression,and autoimmune disease management.This article aims to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind the actions of MSC-derived Exos,offering theoretical references for their future clinical utilization as cell-free drug preparations.展开更多
Grape crops are a great source of income for farmers.The yield and quality of grapes can be improved by preventing and treating diseases.The farmer’s yield will be dramatically impacted if diseases are found on grape...Grape crops are a great source of income for farmers.The yield and quality of grapes can be improved by preventing and treating diseases.The farmer’s yield will be dramatically impacted if diseases are found on grape leaves.Automatic detection can reduce the chances of leaf diseases affecting other healthy plants.Several studies have been conducted to detect grape leaf diseases,but most fail to engage with end users and integrate the model with real-time mobile applications.This study developed a mobile-based grape leaf disease detection(GLDD)application to identify infected leaves,Grape Guard,based on a TensorFlow Lite(TFLite)model generated from the You Only Look Once(YOLO)v8 model.A public grape leaf disease dataset containing four classes was used to train the model.The results of this study were relied on the YOLO architecture,specifically YOLOv5 and YOLOv8.After extensive experiments with different image sizes,YOLOv8 performed better than YOLOv5.YOLOv8 achieved 99.9%precision,100%recall,99.5%mean average precision(mAP),and 88%mAP50-95 for all classes to detect grape leaf diseases.The Grape Guard android mobile application can accurately detect the grape leaf disease by capturing images from grape vines.展开更多
Due to advantages of high power-conversion efficiency(PCE), large power-to-weight ratio(PWR), low cost and solution processibility, flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in recent ...Due to advantages of high power-conversion efficiency(PCE), large power-to-weight ratio(PWR), low cost and solution processibility, flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. The PCE of f-PSCs has developed rapidly to over 25%, showing great application prospects in aerospace and wearable electronic devices. This review systematically sorts device structures and compositions of f-PSCs, summarizes various methods to improve its efficiency and stability recent years. In addition, the applications and potentials of f-PSCs in space vehicle and aircraft was discussed. At last, we prospect the key scientific and technological issues that need to be addressed for f-PSCs at current stage.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,includ...Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.展开更多
The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use e...The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.展开更多
Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)is a kind of physical therapy that use electric cur-rent through the electrodes placed on the surface of acupoints to produce clinical effects in the human body,whic...Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)is a kind of physical therapy that use electric cur-rent through the electrodes placed on the surface of acupoints to produce clinical effects in the human body,which is characterized by less adverse reaction and convenient operation.It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases.This review introduces six major clinical applications of TEAS,named analgesia,regulation of gastrointestinal function,improvement of reproductive function,enhancement of cognitive function,promotion of limb function recovery and relief of fatigue.Besides,TEAS has been ap-plied to the treatment of other chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes,achieving satisfactory clinical effects.However,two crucial challenges are encountered in the development of TEAS.One is the lack of standardization in the selection of parameters such as waveform,frequency,intensity and stimula-tion duration.The other is the limitation on the flexibility in the acupoint selection.This review analyzes key issues that need to be addressed in the current clinical application of TEAS,such as the selection of parameters and acupoints,and this review provides a certain reference value for optimizing regimens of TEAS and promoting its development and application.展开更多
Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the st...Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices,especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites.The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene(e.g.,high con-ductivity,mechanical strength,and antimicrobial activity).These properties have produced promising results in various fields,but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored.The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics.The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts,when co-mpared with traditional methods.Despite these positive results,challenges such as material saturation,frequency of filter replacement,and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice.Therefore,there is need for further research on material structure optimization,long-term safety evaluations,and broader clinical applications,in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.展开更多
A high-purity Ti sheet with dense preexisting twins(introduced by 10%cold rolling)was subjected to isochronal annealing at 500–800°C for 1 h and isothermal annealing at 600°C for 0.17–100 h,respectively.By...A high-purity Ti sheet with dense preexisting twins(introduced by 10%cold rolling)was subjected to isochronal annealing at 500–800°C for 1 h and isothermal annealing at 600°C for 0.17–100 h,respectively.By mainly utilizing electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and electron channel contrast(ECC)imaging techniques,the microstructure and texture evolution during the isochronal and isothermal annealing were investigated systematically.Results show that recrystallization nuclei appear in the specimen annealed at 600°C for 1 h.In contrast,recrystallization cannot be initiated for those annealed at lower temperatures or for a shorter time.With the increase in temperature or time,the fraction of the recrystallized structure increases with gradual grain coarsening.Nearly complete recrystallization is reached after 800°C-1 h or 600°C-100 h annealing.Due to the distribution heterogeneity of microstructure and stored energy induced by the dense preexisting twins,recrystallization nucleation preferentially occurs in some specific regions(twin-twin or twin-grain boundary junctions).Then,they selectively consume twin lamellar structures,leading to non-uniform grain growth.It is demonstrated that the recrystallization nucleation is dominated by the strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,allowing scattered texture components corresponding to the twin lamellar structures to be gradually encroached by those untwinned structures with the initial bimodal basal texture(BBT).Eventually,a strong BBT is always obtained after sufficient recrystallization.展开更多
High-purity antimony(Sb)is essential for industries like semiconductors and photovoltaics,driving research on its production.This review summarizes research advances in production and preparation techniques for high-p...High-purity antimony(Sb)is essential for industries like semiconductors and photovoltaics,driving research on its production.This review summarizes research advances in production and preparation techniques for high-purity Sb.Three process flowcharts to produce high-purity Sb are described according to different raw materials.Various process parameters of vacuum distillation,zone refining purification techniques and research progress in the field of high-purity Sb are discussed.Numerical simulation,atomic scale simulation,and research progress of alloying elements in the field of high-purity Sb are highlighted.It is shown that for the difficult removal of As element in Sb,the addition of Al makes the regional refining process more effective in reducing the arsenic content.Finally,the purification of high-purity Sb is summarized,providing insights into achieving efficient and environmentally friendly high-purity Sb production and outlining future directions.展开更多
Osteoarthritis(OA)is a kind of joint diseases characterized by fibrosis,ulceration,and loss of articular cartilage and articular surrounding tissues caused by various factors,the main symptoms of OA include joint pain...Osteoarthritis(OA)is a kind of joint diseases characterized by fibrosis,ulceration,and loss of articular cartilage and articular surrounding tissues caused by various factors,the main symptoms of OA include joint pain,joint stiffness,and loss of joint function,and OA has the higher prevalence rate and has been listed as one of the four major disabling diseases,seriously affecting people’s lives and health.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a comprehensive science based on the theory of Yin Yang(one TCM theory,the material world is believed to be nurtured,developed,and changed under the influence of Yin and Yang)and Five Elements(The five most basic substances-wood,fire,earth,metal,and water-are considered indispensable elements that make up the world),based on TCM theory and practical experience it can play the important role in prevention,diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation,and health care in OA,exhibit the great application potential for OA treatment.In this review,we have summarized the recent research progress in the application of TCM in OA,including an analysis of underlying mechanisms,application limitations,and potential solutions,found that the material basis and targets of the therapeutic component of TCM,the quality control and the mechanism of TCM application in OA are not very clear,which may become the application limitation of TCM in OA.We hope that this review will offer valuable insights to researchers in the field.展开更多
High-purity silver(Ag)is extensively utilized in electronics,aerospace,and other advanced industries due to its excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and machinability.However,the prohibitive material...High-purity silver(Ag)is extensively utilized in electronics,aerospace,and other advanced industries due to its excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and machinability.However,the prohibitive material cost poses substantial challenges for optimizing thermal processing parameters through repetitive experimental trials.In this work,hot compression experiments on high-purity silver were conducted using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The high temperature deformation behaviors,dynamic recovery(DRV)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of high-purity silver were studied by constructing an Arrhenius constitutive equation and developing thermal processing maps.The results show that plastic instability of high-purity silver occurs at high strain rates and the optimized hot processing parameters are the strain rate below 0.001 s^(−1) and the temperature of 340−400℃.Microstructural observations exhibit that DRV prefers to occur at lower deformation temperatures(e.g.,250℃).This is attributed to the low stacking fault energy of high-purity silver,which facilitates the decomposition of dislocations into partial dislocations and promotes high-density dislocation accumulation.Furthermore,DRX in high-purity silver becomes increasingly pronounced with increasing deformation temperature and reaches saturation at 350℃.展开更多
文摘α-Trifluoromethyl ketones are a class of useful compounds with versatile applications.Their synthetic application via the transformation of the C—F bonds is of particular interest by allowing the synthesis of organic compounds with diverse structures.Herein,the advances in the research areas ofα-trifluoromethyl ketone synthesis and their defluorination reactions are reviewed.Discussion on the mechanisms of the typical reactions has also been provided,in hope of affording some guides to the chemistry ofα-trifluoromethyl ketones in the synthetic methods toward themselves and their derivatives.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41962016)the Natural Science Foundation of NingXia(Nos.2023AAC02023,2023A1218,and 2021AAC02006).
文摘Soil improvement is one of the most important issues in geotechnical engineering practice.The wide application of traditional improvement techniques(cement/chemical materials)are limited due to damage ecological en-vironment and intensify carbon emissions.However,the use of microbially induced calcium carbonate pre-cipitation(MICP)to obtain bio-cement is a novel technique with the potential to induce soil stability,providing a low-carbon,environment-friendly,and sustainable integrated solution for some geotechnical engineering pro-blems in the environment.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest progress in soil improvement based on the MICP strategy.It systematically summarizes and overviews the mineralization mechanism,influ-encing factors,improved methods,engineering characteristics,and current field application status of the MICP.Additionally,it also explores the limitations and correspondingly proposes prospective applications via the MICP approach for soil improvement.This review indicates that the utilization of different environmental calcium-based wastes in MICP and combination of materials and MICP are conducive to meeting engineering and market demand.Furthermore,we recommend and encourage global collaborative study and practice with a view to commercializing MICP technique in the future.The current review purports to provide insights for engineers and interdisciplinary researchers,and guidance for future engineering applications.
基金supported by the GRDC(Global Research Development Center)Cooperative Hub Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.RS-2023-00257595).
文摘Liquid metals(LMs),because of their ability to remain in a liquid state at room temperature,render them highly versatile for applications in electronics,energy storage,medicine,and robotics.Among various LMs,Ga-based LMs exhibit minimal cytotoxicity,low viscosity,high thermal and electrical conductivities,and excellent wettability.Therefore,Ga-based LM composites(LMCs)have emerged as a recent research focus.Recent advancements have focused on novel fabrication techniques and applications spanning energy storage,flexible electronics,and biomedical devices.Particularly noteworthy are the developments in wearable sensors and electronic skins,which hold promise for healthcare monitoring and human-machine interfaces.Despite their potential,challenges,such as oxidative susceptibil-ity and biocompatibility,remain.Creating bio-based LMC materials is a promising approach to address these issues while exploring new avenues to optimize LMC performance and broaden its application domains.This review provides a concise overview of the recent trends in LMC research,highlights their transformative impacts,and outlines key directions for future investigation and development.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2907904)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374364)。
文摘High-purity indium finds extensive application in the aerospace,electronics,medical,energy,and national defense sectors.Its purity and impurity contents significantly influence its performance in these applications.High-purity indium was prepared by combining zone refining with vacuum distillation.Results show that the average removal efficiency of impurity Sb can approach 95%,while the removal efficiency of impurities Sn and Bi can reach over 95%,and the removal efficiency of Si,Fe,Ni,and Pb can reach over 85%.Ultimately,the amount of Sn and Sb impurities is reduced to 2.0 and 4.1μg/kg,respectively,and that of most impurities,including Fe,Ni,Pb,and Bi,is reduced to levels below the instrumental detection limit.The average impurity removal efficiency is 90.9%,and the indium purity reaches 7N9.
基金Xiamen Science and Technology Project,Grant/Award Number:3502Z20231057National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:3502Z20231057National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:22279107,22288102。
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)have many excellent properties that make them ideally suited for use in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).In this review,the recent research on applications of CNTs in LIBs,including their usage as freestanding anodes,conductive additives,and current collectors,are discussed.Challenges,strategies,and progress are analyzed by selecting typical examples.Particularly,when CNTs are used with relatively large mass fractions,the relevant interfacial electrochemistry in such a CNT-based electrode,which dictates the quality of the resulting solid-electrolyte interface,becomes a concern.Hence,in this review the different lithium-ion adsorption and insertion mechanisms inside and outside of CNTs are compared;the influence of not only CNT structural features(including their length,defect density,diameter,and wall thickness)but also the electrolyte composition on the solid-electrolyte interfacial reactions is analyzed in detail.Strategies to optimize the solid-solid interface between CNTs and the other solid components in various composite electrodes are also covered.By emphasizing the importance of such a structure-performance relationship,the merits and weaknesses of various applications of CNTs in various advanced LIBs are clarified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12475174 and U2267207)YueLuShan Center Industrial Innovation(No.2024YCII0108)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2022JJ40345)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Hengyang(No.202250045336)the Project of State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection,Soochow University(No.GZK12023031)。
文摘The Monte Carlo(MC)method offers significant advantages in handling complex geometries and physical processes in particle transport problems and has become a widely used approach in reactor physics analysis,radiation shielding design,and medical physics.However,with the rapid advancement of new nuclear energy systems,the Monte Carlo method faces challenges in efficiency,accuracy,and adaptability,limiting its effectiveness in meeting modern design requirements.Overcoming technical obstacles related to high-fidelity coupling,high-resolution computation,and intelligent design is essential for using the Monte Carlo method as a reliable tool in numerical analysis for these new nuclear energy systems.To address these challenges,the Nuclear Energy and Application Laboratory(NEAL)team at the University of South China developed a multifunctional and generalized intelligent code platform called MagicMC,based on the Monte Carlo particle transport method.MagicMC is a developing tool dedicated to nuclear applications,incorporating intelligent methodologies.It consists of two primary components:a basic unit and a functional unit.The basic unit,which functions similarly to a standard Monte Carlo particle transport code,includes seven modules:geometry,source,transport,database,tally,output,and auxiliary.The functional unit builds on the basic unit by adding functional modules to address complex and diverse applications in nuclear analysis.MagicMC introduces a dynamic Monte Carlo particle transport algorithm to address time-space particle transport problems within emerging nuclear energy systems and incorporates a CPU-GPU heterogeneous parallel framework to enable high-efficiency,high-resolution simulations for large-scale computational problems.Anticipating future trends in intelligent design,MagicMC integrates several advanced features,including CAD-based geometry modeling,global variance reduction methods,multi-objective shielding optimization,high-resolution activation analysis,multi-physics coupling,and radiation therapy.In this paper,various numerical benchmarks-spanning reactor transient simulations,material activation analysis,radiation shielding optimization,and medical dosimetry analysis-are presented to validate MagicMC.The numerical results demonstrate MagicMC's efficiency,accuracy,and reliability in these preliminary applications,underscoring its potential to support technological advancements in developing high-fidelity,high-resolution,and high-intelligence MC-based tools for advanced nuclear applications.
基金sponsored by the Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province,China(2022EHB020,2023BBB096)support provided by Centre of the Excellence in Production Research(XPRES)at KTH。
文摘In this review,we propose a comprehensive overview of additive manufacturing(AM)technologies and design possibilities in manufacturing metamaterials for various applications in the biomedical field,of which many are inspired by nature itself.It describes how new AM technologies(e.g.continuous liquid interface production and multiphoton polymerization,etc)and recent developments in more mature AM technologies(e.g.powder bed fusion,stereolithography,and extrusion-based bioprinting(EBB),etc)lead to more precise,efficient,and personalized biomedical components.EBB is a revolutionary topic creating intricate models with remarkable mechanical compatibility of metamaterials,for instance,stress elimination for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine,negative or zero Poisson’s ratio.By exploiting the designs of porous structures(e.g.truss,triply periodic minimal surface,plant/animal-inspired,and functionally graded lattices,etc),AM-made bioactive bone implants,artificial tissues,and organs are made for tissue replacement.The material palette of the AM metamaterials has high diversity nowadays,ranging from alloys and metals(e.g.cobalt-chromium alloys and titanium,etc)to polymers(e.g.biodegradable polycaprolactone and polymethyl methacrylate,etc),which could be even integrated within bioactive ceramics.These advancements are driving the progress of the biomedical field,improving human health and quality of life.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51574105)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province,China(No.23564101D)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.E2021209147)the Key Research Project of North China University of Science and Technology(No.ZD-ST-202308)the Postgraduate Innovation Funding Project of Hebei Province,China(No.CXZZBS2024135).
文摘Calcium ferrite(CF)is recognized as a potential green and efficient functional material because of its advantages of magnetism,electrochemistry,catalysis,and biocompatibility in the fields of materials chemistry,environmental engineering,and biomedicine.There-fore,the obtained research results need to be systematically summarized,and new perspectives on CF and its composite materials need to be analyzed.Based on the presented studies of CF and its composite materials,the types and structures of the crystal are summarized.In addition,the current application technologies and theoretical mechanisms with various properties in different fields are elucidated.Moreover,the various preparation methods of CF and its composite materials are elaborated in detail.Most importantly,the advantages and disadvantages of the synthesis methods of CF and its composite materials are discussed,and the existing problems and emerging challenges in practical production are identified.Furthermore,the key future research directions of CF and its composite materials have been prospected from the potential application technologies to provide references for its synthesis and efficient utilization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072537the General Project of Hunan Natural Science Foundation,No.2022JJ30412 and No.2021JJ30464.
文摘Exosomes(Exos)are extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and serve as crucial mediators of intercellular communication.They play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases and offer promising avenues for therapeutic interventions.Exos derived from mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have significant immunomodulatory properties.They effectively regulate immune responses by modulating both innate and adaptive immunity.These Exos can inhibit excessive inflammatory responses and promote tissue repair.Moreover,they participate in antigen presentation,which is essential for activating immune responses.The cargo of these Exos,including ligands,proteins,and microRNAs,can suppress T cell activity or enhance the population of immunosuppressive cells to dampen the immune response.By inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation,acting on macrophages,and increasing the population of regulatory T cells,these Exos contribute to maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis.Furthermore,they can activate immune-related signaling pathways or serve as vehicles to deliver microRNAs and other bioactive substances to target tumor cells,which holds potential for immunotherapy applications.Given the immense therapeutic potential of MSC-derived Exos,this review comprehensively explores their mechanisms of immune regulation and therapeutic applications in areas such as infection control,tumor suppression,and autoimmune disease management.This article aims to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms behind the actions of MSC-derived Exos,offering theoretical references for their future clinical utilization as cell-free drug preparations.
文摘Grape crops are a great source of income for farmers.The yield and quality of grapes can be improved by preventing and treating diseases.The farmer’s yield will be dramatically impacted if diseases are found on grape leaves.Automatic detection can reduce the chances of leaf diseases affecting other healthy plants.Several studies have been conducted to detect grape leaf diseases,but most fail to engage with end users and integrate the model with real-time mobile applications.This study developed a mobile-based grape leaf disease detection(GLDD)application to identify infected leaves,Grape Guard,based on a TensorFlow Lite(TFLite)model generated from the You Only Look Once(YOLO)v8 model.A public grape leaf disease dataset containing four classes was used to train the model.The results of this study were relied on the YOLO architecture,specifically YOLOv5 and YOLOv8.After extensive experiments with different image sizes,YOLOv8 performed better than YOLOv5.YOLOv8 achieved 99.9%precision,100%recall,99.5%mean average precision(mAP),and 88%mAP50-95 for all classes to detect grape leaf diseases.The Grape Guard android mobile application can accurately detect the grape leaf disease by capturing images from grape vines.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62204104, 42005138, 12274190, 12274189, 62275115)Shandong Province High Education Youth Innovation Team Program (Grant No. 2023KJ210)Science and Technology Program of Yantai (Grant No. 2023JCYJ047)。
文摘Due to advantages of high power-conversion efficiency(PCE), large power-to-weight ratio(PWR), low cost and solution processibility, flexible perovskite solar cells(f-PSCs) have attracted extensive attention in recent years. The PCE of f-PSCs has developed rapidly to over 25%, showing great application prospects in aerospace and wearable electronic devices. This review systematically sorts device structures and compositions of f-PSCs, summarizes various methods to improve its efficiency and stability recent years. In addition, the applications and potentials of f-PSCs in space vehicle and aircraft was discussed. At last, we prospect the key scientific and technological issues that need to be addressed for f-PSCs at current stage.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82130112,U24A20789)Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan(DFL20190702)Youth Beijing Scholar(2022-051)。
文摘Lonicera japonica(honeysuckle)is a traditional Chinese medicinal food,in which the main active ingredients are phenolic acids,polysaccharides,flavonoids,and volatile oils.They have various biological activities,including antiviral,antibacterial,antioxidant,hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering,and anti-inflammatory effects.This review summarizes the health effects and pharmacodynamic mechanisms of L.japonica extracts and the major active ingredients in these extracts,and the structures,metabolic process in vivo,and biotransformation processes of these compounds.In addition,the current status of the development of L.japonica-related functional foods is summarized.The aim is to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the further development and use of the active ingredients in L.japonica as functional foods for disease prevention and treatment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Fund of China(31771724)the Key Research and Development Project of Shaanxi Province(2024NC-ZDCYL-01-10).
文摘The increase in soil temperature associated with climate change has introduced considerable challenges to crop production.Split nitrogen application(SN)represents a potential strategy for improving crop nitrogen use efficiency and enhancing crop stress resistance.Nevertheless,the precise interaction between soil warming(SW)and SN remains unclear.In order to ascertain the impact of SW on maize growth and whether SN can improve the tolerance of maize to SW,a two-year field experiment was conducted(2022-2023).The aim was to examine the influence of two SW ranges(MT,warming 1.40℃;HT,warming 2.75℃)and two nitrogen application methods(N1,one-time basal application of nitrogen fertilizer;N2,one third of base nitrogen fertilizer+two thirds of jointing stage supplemental nitrogen fertilizer)on maize root growth,photosynthetic characteristics,nitrogen use efficiency,and yield.The results demonstrated that SW impeded root growth and precipitated the premature aging of maize leaves following anthesis,particularly in the HT,which led to a notable reduction in maize yield.In comparison to N1,SN has been shown to increase root length density by 8.54%,root bleeding rate by 8.57%,and enhance root distribution ratio in the middle soil layers(20-60 cm).The interaction between SW and SN had a notable impact on maize growth and yield.The SN improved the absorption and utilization efficiency of nitrogen by promoting root development and downward canopy growth,thus improving the tolerance of maize to SW at the later stage of growth.In particular,the N2HT resulted in a 14.51%increase in the photosynthetic rate,a 18.58%increase in nitrogen absorption efficiency,and a 18.32%increase in maize yield compared with N1HT.It can be posited that the SN represents a viable nitrogen management measure with the potential to enhance maize tolerance to soil high-temperature stress.
基金Supported by Shanghai 2020“Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”Medical Innovation Research Special Program:20Y21902800Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Shanghai Three-Year Action Plan to Further Accelerate the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation:ZY(2021-2023)−0302)+1 种基金Shanghai Key Specialty(Acupuncture)Construction Project:shslczdzk04701Shanghai 2024"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"star cultivation(Sail special):24YF2740600.
文摘Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation(TEAS)is a kind of physical therapy that use electric cur-rent through the electrodes placed on the surface of acupoints to produce clinical effects in the human body,which is characterized by less adverse reaction and convenient operation.It has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases.This review introduces six major clinical applications of TEAS,named analgesia,regulation of gastrointestinal function,improvement of reproductive function,enhancement of cognitive function,promotion of limb function recovery and relief of fatigue.Besides,TEAS has been ap-plied to the treatment of other chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes,achieving satisfactory clinical effects.However,two crucial challenges are encountered in the development of TEAS.One is the lack of standardization in the selection of parameters such as waveform,frequency,intensity and stimula-tion duration.The other is the limitation on the flexibility in the acupoint selection.This review analyzes key issues that need to be addressed in the current clinical application of TEAS,such as the selection of parameters and acupoints,and this review provides a certain reference value for optimizing regimens of TEAS and promoting its development and application.
文摘Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices,especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites.The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene(e.g.,high con-ductivity,mechanical strength,and antimicrobial activity).These properties have produced promising results in various fields,but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored.The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics.The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts,when co-mpared with traditional methods.Despite these positive results,challenges such as material saturation,frequency of filter replacement,and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice.Therefore,there is need for further research on material structure optimization,long-term safety evaluations,and broader clinical applications,in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.
基金financially supported by the Cultivation Project of CQUT for Research and Innovation Group(No.2023TDZ006)the Graduate Student Innovation Program of CQUT(No.CYS23648)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M690174)。
文摘A high-purity Ti sheet with dense preexisting twins(introduced by 10%cold rolling)was subjected to isochronal annealing at 500–800°C for 1 h and isothermal annealing at 600°C for 0.17–100 h,respectively.By mainly utilizing electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)and electron channel contrast(ECC)imaging techniques,the microstructure and texture evolution during the isochronal and isothermal annealing were investigated systematically.Results show that recrystallization nuclei appear in the specimen annealed at 600°C for 1 h.In contrast,recrystallization cannot be initiated for those annealed at lower temperatures or for a shorter time.With the increase in temperature or time,the fraction of the recrystallized structure increases with gradual grain coarsening.Nearly complete recrystallization is reached after 800°C-1 h or 600°C-100 h annealing.Due to the distribution heterogeneity of microstructure and stored energy induced by the dense preexisting twins,recrystallization nucleation preferentially occurs in some specific regions(twin-twin or twin-grain boundary junctions).Then,they selectively consume twin lamellar structures,leading to non-uniform grain growth.It is demonstrated that the recrystallization nucleation is dominated by the strain-induced boundary migration mechanism,allowing scattered texture components corresponding to the twin lamellar structures to be gradually encroached by those untwinned structures with the initial bimodal basal texture(BBT).Eventually,a strong BBT is always obtained after sufficient recrystallization.
文摘High-purity antimony(Sb)is essential for industries like semiconductors and photovoltaics,driving research on its production.This review summarizes research advances in production and preparation techniques for high-purity Sb.Three process flowcharts to produce high-purity Sb are described according to different raw materials.Various process parameters of vacuum distillation,zone refining purification techniques and research progress in the field of high-purity Sb are discussed.Numerical simulation,atomic scale simulation,and research progress of alloying elements in the field of high-purity Sb are highlighted.It is shown that for the difficult removal of As element in Sb,the addition of Al makes the regional refining process more effective in reducing the arsenic content.Finally,the purification of high-purity Sb is summarized,providing insights into achieving efficient and environmentally friendly high-purity Sb production and outlining future directions.
文摘Osteoarthritis(OA)is a kind of joint diseases characterized by fibrosis,ulceration,and loss of articular cartilage and articular surrounding tissues caused by various factors,the main symptoms of OA include joint pain,joint stiffness,and loss of joint function,and OA has the higher prevalence rate and has been listed as one of the four major disabling diseases,seriously affecting people’s lives and health.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a comprehensive science based on the theory of Yin Yang(one TCM theory,the material world is believed to be nurtured,developed,and changed under the influence of Yin and Yang)and Five Elements(The five most basic substances-wood,fire,earth,metal,and water-are considered indispensable elements that make up the world),based on TCM theory and practical experience it can play the important role in prevention,diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation,and health care in OA,exhibit the great application potential for OA treatment.In this review,we have summarized the recent research progress in the application of TCM in OA,including an analysis of underlying mechanisms,application limitations,and potential solutions,found that the material basis and targets of the therapeutic component of TCM,the quality control and the mechanism of TCM application in OA are not very clear,which may become the application limitation of TCM in OA.We hope that this review will offer valuable insights to researchers in the field.
基金Project(52274369)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘High-purity silver(Ag)is extensively utilized in electronics,aerospace,and other advanced industries due to its excellent thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and machinability.However,the prohibitive material cost poses substantial challenges for optimizing thermal processing parameters through repetitive experimental trials.In this work,hot compression experiments on high-purity silver were conducted using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The high temperature deformation behaviors,dynamic recovery(DRV)and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)of high-purity silver were studied by constructing an Arrhenius constitutive equation and developing thermal processing maps.The results show that plastic instability of high-purity silver occurs at high strain rates and the optimized hot processing parameters are the strain rate below 0.001 s^(−1) and the temperature of 340−400℃.Microstructural observations exhibit that DRV prefers to occur at lower deformation temperatures(e.g.,250℃).This is attributed to the low stacking fault energy of high-purity silver,which facilitates the decomposition of dislocations into partial dislocations and promotes high-density dislocation accumulation.Furthermore,DRX in high-purity silver becomes increasingly pronounced with increasing deformation temperature and reaches saturation at 350℃.
