Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has evolved from a laboratory technique to a practical tool for ultra-sensitive detection,particularly in the biomedical field,where precise molecular identification is crucial...Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has evolved from a laboratory technique to a practical tool for ultra-sensitive detection,particularly in the biomedical field,where precise molecular identification is crucial.Despite significant advancements,a gap remains in the literature,as no comprehensive review systematically addresses the high-precision construction of SERS substrates for ultrasensitive biomedical detection.This review fills that gap by exploring recent progress in fabricating high-precision SERS substrates,emphasizing their role in enabling ultrasensitive bio-medical sensors.We carefully examine the key to these advancements is the precision engineering of substrates,including noble metals,semiconductors,carbon-based materials,and two-dimensional materials,which is essential for achieving the high sensitivity required for ultrasensitive detection.Applications in biomedical diagnostics and molecular analysis are highlighted.Finally,we address the challenges in SERS substrate preparation and outline future directions,focusing on improvement strategies,design concepts,and expanding applications for these advanced materials.展开更多
Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predomina...Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predominantly on the phase-shifting approach,which involves collecting multiple interferograms and imposes stringent demands on environmental stability.These issues significantly hinder its ability to achieve real-time and dynamic high-precision measurements.Therefore,this study proposes a high-precision large-aperture single-frame interferometric surface profile measurement(LA-SFISPM)method based on deep learning and explores its capability to realize dynamic measurements with high accuracy.The interferogram is matched to the phase by training the data measured using the small aperture.The consistency of the surface features of the small and large apertures is enhanced via contrast learning and feature-distribution alignment.Hence,high-precision phase reconstruction of large-aperture optical components can be achieved without using a phase shifter.The experimental results show that for the tested mirror withΦ=820 mm,the surface profile obtained from LA-SFISPM is subtracted point-by-point from the ground truth,resulting in a maximum single-point error of 4.56 nm.Meanwhile,the peak-to-valley(PV)value is 0.0758λ,and the simple repeatability of root mean square(SR-RMS)value is 0.00025λ,which aligns well with the measured results obtained by ZYGO.In particular,a significant reduction in the measurement time(reduced by a factor of 48)is achieved compared with that of the traditional phase-shifting method.Our proposed method provides an efficient,rapid,and accurate method for obtaining the surface profiles of optical components with different diameters without employing a phase-shifting approach,which is highly desired in large-aperture interferometric measurement systems.展开更多
The elliptic integral method(EIM) is an efficient analytical approach for analyzing large deformations of elastic beams. However, it faces the following challenges.First, the existing EIM can only handle cases with kn...The elliptic integral method(EIM) is an efficient analytical approach for analyzing large deformations of elastic beams. However, it faces the following challenges.First, the existing EIM can only handle cases with known deformation modes. Second,the existing EIM is only applicable to Euler beams, and there is no EIM available for higher-precision Timoshenko and Reissner beams in cases where both force and moment are applied at the end. This paper proposes a general EIM for Reissner beams under arbitrary boundary conditions. On this basis, an analytical equation for determining the sign of the elliptic integral is provided. Based on the equation, we discover a class of elliptic integral piecewise points that are distinct from inflection points. More importantly, we propose an algorithm that automatically calculates the number of inflection points and other piecewise points during the nonlinear solution process, which is crucial for beams with unknown or changing deformation modes.展开更多
With the intensifying competition in the integrated circuit(IC)industry,the high turnover rate of integrated circuit engineers has become a prominent issue affecting the technological continuity of high-precision,spec...With the intensifying competition in the integrated circuit(IC)industry,the high turnover rate of integrated circuit engineers has become a prominent issue affecting the technological continuity of high-precision,specialized,and innovative enterprises.As a representative of such enterprises,JL Technology has faced challenges to its R&D efficiency due to talent loss in recent years.This study takes this enterprise as a case to explore feasible paths to reduce turnover rates through optimizing training and career development systems.The research designs a method combining learning maps and talent maps,utilizes a competency model to clarify the direction for engineers’skill improvement,implements talent classification management using a nine-grid model,and achieves personalized training through Individual Development Plans(IDPs).Analysis of the enterprise’s historical data reveals that the main reasons for turnover are unclear career development paths and insufficient resources for skill improvement.After pilot implementation,the turnover rate in core departments decreased by 12%,and employee satisfaction with training increased by 24%.The results indicate that matching systematic talent reviews with dynamic learning resources can effectively enhance engineers’sense of belonging.This study provides a set of highly operational management tools for small and medium-sized high-precision,specialized,and innovative technology enterprises,verifies their applicability in such enterprises,and offers replicable experiences for similar enterprises to optimize their talent strategies[1].展开更多
Despite their high theoretical capacity and energy density,lithiumsulfur(Li–S)batteries still face challenges such as soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics.In this work,we used a no...Despite their high theoretical capacity and energy density,lithiumsulfur(Li–S)batteries still face challenges such as soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics.In this work,we used a novel MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure anchored on a carbon sponge(CS)as a Li_(2)S host to solve these problems.A simple hydrothermal process following carbothermal reduction was used to construct the MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure,enabling control of the phases and integration of MoS_(2) and Mo_(2)C.Structural characterization confirmed the coherent interface of the heterostructure with a precise orientation relationship between the two phases and their uniform distribution.An evaluation of the adsorption and catalytic performance of the material showed that it has an exceptional LiPSs adsorption capacity with faster conversion from Li_(2)S_(4) to Li_(2)S_(2).Density functional theory calculations further confirmed these results.As a result,the cathode had a high initial discharge capacity of 693 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and achieved stable cycling at 2 C for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.107%per cycle.The heterostructure design,coupled with the macroporous CS framework,effectively prevented the shuttling and increased sulfur utilization,offering a promising way to produce practical high-energydensity Li–S batteries.展开更多
The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a se...The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.展开更多
Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativ...Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.展开更多
Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other field...Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other fields.Nevertheless,due to the tendency of1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(BDC)to rotate within the framework,MOFs composed of it exhibit significant non-radiative energy dissipation and thus impair the emissive properties.In this study,efficient luminescence of MIL-140A nanocrystals(NCs)with BDC rotors as ligands is achieved by pressure treatment strategy.Pressure treatment effectively modulates the pore structure of the framework,enhancing the interactions between the N,N-dimethylformamide vip molecules and the BDC ligands.The enhanced host-vip interaction contributes to the structural rigidity of the MOF,thereby suppressing the rotation-induced excited-state energy loss.As a result,the pressure-treated MIL-140A NCs displayed bright blue-light emission,with the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing from an initial 6.8%to 69.2%.This study developed an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of rotor ligand MOFs,offers a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of MOFs with superior luminescent properties.展开更多
To realize high-precision automatic measurement of two-dimensional geometric features on parts, a cooperative measurement system based on machine vision is constructed. Its hardware structure, functional composition a...To realize high-precision automatic measurement of two-dimensional geometric features on parts, a cooperative measurement system based on machine vision is constructed. Its hardware structure, functional composition and working principle are introduced. The mapping relationship between the feature image coordinates and the measuring space coordinates is established. The method of measuring path planning of small field of view （FOV） images is proposed. With the cooperation of the panoramic image of the object to be measured, the small FOV images with high object plane resolution are acquired automatically. Then, the auxiliary measuring characteristics are constructed and the parameters of the features to be measured are automatically extracted. Experimental results show that the absolute value of relative error is less than 0. 03% when applying the cooperative measurement system to gauge the hole distance of 100 mm nominal size. When the object plane resolving power of the small FOV images is 16 times that of the large FOV image, the measurement accuracy of small FOV images is improved by 14 times compared with the large FOV image. It is suitable for high-precision automatic measurement of two-dimensional complex geometric features distributed on large scale parts.展开更多
Multi-sensor coordinate unification in dimensional metrology is used in order to get holistic, more accurate and reliable information about a workpiece based on several or multiple measurement values from ...Multi-sensor coordinate unification in dimensional metrology is used in order to get holistic, more accurate and reliable information about a workpiece based on several or multiple measurement values from one or more sensors. Because of the problem that standard ball is deficient as a standard artifact in the coordinate unification of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions （2D） , a new method is proposed in this paper which uses angle gauge blocks as standard artifacts to achieve coordinate unification between the image sensor and the tactile probe. By comparing the standard ball with the angle gauge block as a standard artifact, theoretical analysis and experimental results are given to prove that it is more precise and more convenient to use angle gauge blocks as standard artifacts to achieve coordinate unification of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions.展开更多
A reliable multiphase flow simulator is an important tool to improve wellbore integrity and production decision-making.To develop a multiphase flow model with high adaptability and high accuracy,we first build a multi...A reliable multiphase flow simulator is an important tool to improve wellbore integrity and production decision-making.To develop a multiphase flow model with high adaptability and high accuracy,we first build a multiphase flow database with 3561 groups of data and developed a drift closure relationship with stable continuity and high adaptability.Second,a high-order numerical scheme with strong fault capture ability is constructed by effectively combining MUSCL technology,van Albada slope limiter and AUSMV numerical scheme.Finally,the energy equation is coupled into the AUSMV numerical scheme of the drift flow model in the form of finite difference.A transient non-isothermal wellbore multiphase flow model with wide applicability is formed by integrating the three technologies,and the effects of various factors on the calculation accuracy are studied.The accuracy of the simulator is verified by comparing the measurement results with the blowout experiment of a full-scale experimental well.展开更多
The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the youngest orogenic belt resulting from a continental collision on the Earth.It is a natural laboratory for studying continental dynamics,such as continental convergence,plate subduction,an...The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the youngest orogenic belt resulting from a continental collision on the Earth.It is a natural laboratory for studying continental dynamics,such as continental convergence,plate subduction,and plateau uplift.Investigating the deep structure of the TP has always been a popular issue in geological research.The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle and therefore plays a crucial role in the Earth’s structure.Parameters such as depth and lateral variation,as well as the fine structure of the crust-mantle interface,reveal the lithospheric dynamics in the TP.Two methods are generally employed to study the Moho surface:seismic detection and gravity inversion.Seismic detection has the characteristic of high precision,but it is limited to a few cross-sectional lines and is quite costly.It is not suitable for and cannot be carried out over a large area of the TP.The Moho depth over a large area can be obtained through gravity inversion,but this method is affected by the nature of gravity data,and the accuracy of the inversion method is lower than that of seismic detection.In this work,a high-precision gravity field model was selected.The Parker-Oldenburg interface inversion method was used,within the constraints of seismic observations,and the Bott iteration method was introduced to enhance the inversion efficiency.The Moho depth in the TP was obtained with high precision,consistent with the seismic detection results.The research results showed that the shape of the Moho in the TP is complex and the variation range is large,reaching 60−80 km.In contrast with the adjacent area,a clear zone of sharp variation appears at the edge of the plateau.In the interior of the TP,the buried depth of the Moho is characterized by two depressions and two uplifts.To the south of the Yarlung Zangbo River,the Moho inclines to the north,and to the north,the Moho depresses downward,which was interpreted as the Indian plate subducting to the north below Xizang.The Moho depression on the north side of the Qiangtang block,reaching 72 km deep,may be a result of the southward subduction of the lithosphere.The Moho uplift of the Qiangtang block has the same strike as the Bangong−Nujiang suture zone,which may indicate that the area is compensated by a low-density and low-velocity mantle.展开更多
The magnetic field is one of the most important parameters in solar physics,and a polarimeter is the key device to measure the solar magnetic field.Liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is a novel technology,and wi...The magnetic field is one of the most important parameters in solar physics,and a polarimeter is the key device to measure the solar magnetic field.Liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is a novel technology,and will be applied for magnetic field measurement in the first space-based solar observatory satellite developed by China,Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory.However,the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter in space is not a mature technology.Therefore,it is of great scientific significance to study the control method and characteristics of the device.The retardation produced by a liquid crystal variable retarder is sensitive to the temperature,and the retardation changes 0.09°per 0.10℃.The error in polarization measurement caused by this change is 0.016,which affects the accuracy of magnetic field measurement.In order to ensure the stability of its performance,this paper proposes a high-precision temperature control system for liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter in space.In order to optimize the structure design and temperature control system,the temperature field of liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is analyzed by the finite element method,and the influence of light on the temperature field of the liquid crystal variable retarder is analyzed theoretically.By analyzing the principle of highprecision temperature measurement in space,a high-precision temperature measurement circuit based on integrated operational amplifier,programmable amplifier and 12 bit A/D is designed,and a high-precision space temperature control system is developed by applying the integral separation PI temperature control algorithm and PWM driving heating films.The experimental results show that the effect of temperature control is accurate and stable,whenever the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is either in the air or vacuum.The temperature stability is within±0.0150℃,which demonstrates greatly improved stability for the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter.展开更多
High-precision turning(HPT)is a main processing method for manufacturing rotary high-precision components,especially for metallic parts.However,the generated vibration between tool tip and workpiece during turning may...High-precision turning(HPT)is a main processing method for manufacturing rotary high-precision components,especially for metallic parts.However,the generated vibration between tool tip and workpiece during turning may seriously deteriorate the surface integrity.Therefore,exploring the effect of vibration on turning surface morphology and quality of copper parts using 3D surface topography regeneration model is crucial for predicting HPT performance.This developed model can update the machined surface topology in real time.In this study,the effects of tool arc radius,feed rate,radial vibration,axial vibration and tangential vibration on the surface topography and surface roughness were explored.The results show that the effect of radial vibration on surface topography is greater than that of axial vibration and tangential vibration.The radial vibration frequency is also critical.When vibration frequency changes,the surface topography profile presents three different types:the standard sinusoidal curve,the sinusoidal curve whose lowfrequency signal envelopes high-frequency signal,and the oscillation curve whose low-frequency signal superimposes high-frequency signal.In addition,HPT experiment was carried out to validate the developed model.The surface roughness obtained in the experiment was Ra=53 nm,while the roughness obtained by the simulation was Ra=46 nm,achieving a prediction accuracy of 86.7%.Received 4 September 2022;revised 3 October 2022;accepted 17 October 2022.展开更多
This paper introduces a design of high-precision high-voltage fiber-optic analog sig-nal isolation converter based on the technology of Voltage-to-Frequency (V/F) and Frequency-to-Voltage (F/V) conversion. It describe...This paper introduces a design of high-precision high-voltage fiber-optic analog sig-nal isolation converter based on the technology of Voltage-to-Frequency (V/F) and Frequency-to-Voltage (F/V) conversion. It describes the principle, system configuration and hardware design.展开更多
High-precision lane keeping is essential for the future autonomous driving.However,due to the imbalanced and inaccurate datasets collected by human drivers,current end-to-end driving models have poor lane keeping the ...High-precision lane keeping is essential for the future autonomous driving.However,due to the imbalanced and inaccurate datasets collected by human drivers,current end-to-end driving models have poor lane keeping the effect.To improve the precision of lane keeping,this study presents a novel multi-state model-based end-to-end lane keeping method.First,three driving states will be defined:going straight,turning right and turning left.Second,the finite-state machine(FSM)table as well as three kinds of training datasets will be generated based on the three driving states.Instead of collecting the dataset by human drivers,the accurate dataset will be collected by the high-performance path following controller.Third,three sets of parameters based on 3DCNN-LSTM model will be trained for going straight,turning left and turning right,which will be combined with FSM table to form a multi-state model.This study evaluates the multi-state model by testing it on five tracks and recording the lane keeping error.The result shows the multi-state model-based end-to-end method performs the higher precision of lane keeping than the traditional single end-to-end model.展开更多
Solar resource monitoring and evaluation is the foundation of informatization of photovoltaic power station. In 2016, China began to bring in high-precision solar resource monitoring technology which provides reliable...Solar resource monitoring and evaluation is the foundation of informatization of photovoltaic power station. In 2016, China began to bring in high-precision solar resource monitoring technology which provides reliable basic data for the photovoltaic informatization development. This paper systematically sorts out design basis, monitoring elements and system architecture of high-precision monitoring station, and analyzes operation effect of high-precision solar resource monitoring station from performance of solar radiation meter and prediction results of luminous power, which provide important data support for analysis of power generation efficiency of photovoltaic module, prediction of power generation of power station, evaluation of operation effect of power station, etc.展开更多
This paper describes the detailed desi gn of data acquisition device with multi-channel and high-precision for aerosp ace.Based on detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of tw o common acquisition circu...This paper describes the detailed desi gn of data acquisition device with multi-channel and high-precision for aerosp ace.Based on detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of tw o common acquisition circuits,the design factors of acquisition device focus o n accuracy,sampling rate,hardware overhead and design space.The me chanical structure of the system is divided into different card layers according to different functions and the structure has the characteristics of high reliability,conveni ence to install and scalability.To ens ure reliable operation mode,the interface uses the optocoupler isolated from th e e xternal circuit.The transmission of signal is decided by the current in the cur rent loop that consists of optocouplers between acquisition device and t est bench.In multi-channel switching circuit,by establ ishing analog multiplexer model,the selection principles of circuit modes are given.展开更多
A high-precision map(HPM)is the key infrastructure to realizing the function of automated driving(AD)and ensuring its safety.However,the current laws and regulations on HPMs in China can lead to serious legal complian...A high-precision map(HPM)is the key infrastructure to realizing the function of automated driving(AD)and ensuring its safety.However,the current laws and regulations on HPMs in China can lead to serious legal compliance problems.Thus,proper measures should be taken to remove these barriers.Starting with a complete view of the current legal obstacles to HPMs in China,this study first explains why these legal obstacles exist and the types of legal interests they are trying to protect.It then analyzes whether new technology could be used as an alternative to resolve these concerns.Factors such as national security,AD industry needs,and personal data protection,as well as the flexibility of applying technology,are discussed and analyzed hierarchically for this purpose.This study proposes that China should adhere to national security and AD industry development,pass new technical regulations that redefine the scope of national security regarding geographic information in the field of HPMs,and establish a national platform under the guidance and monitoring of the government to integrate scattered resources and promote the development of HPMs via crowdsourcing.Regarding the legal obstacles with higher technical plasticity,priority should be given to technical solutions such as“available but invisible”technology.Compared with the previous research,this study reveals the current legal barriers in China that have different levels of relevance to national security and different technical plasticity.It also proposes original measures to remove them,such as coordinating national security with the development of the AD industry,reshaping the boundary of national security and industrial interests,and giving priority to technical solutions for legal barriers that have strong technical plasticity.展开更多
Taking autonomous driving and driverless as the research object,we discuss and define intelligent high-precision map.Intelligent high-precision map is considered as a key link of future travel,a carrier of real-time p...Taking autonomous driving and driverless as the research object,we discuss and define intelligent high-precision map.Intelligent high-precision map is considered as a key link of future travel,a carrier of real-time perception of traffic resources in the entire space-time range,and the criterion for the operation and control of the whole process of the vehicle.As a new form of map,it has distinctive features in terms of cartography theory and application requirements compared with traditional navigation electronic maps.Thus,it is necessary to analyze and discuss its key features and problems to promote the development of research and application of intelligent high-precision map.Accordingly,we propose an information transmission model based on the cartography theory and combine the wheeled robot’s control flow in practical application.Next,we put forward the data logic structure of intelligent high-precision map,and analyze its application in autonomous driving.Then,we summarize the computing mode of“Crowdsourcing+Edge-Cloud Collaborative Computing”,and carry out key technical analysis on how to improve the quality of crowdsourced data.We also analyze the effective application scenarios of intelligent high-precision map in the future.Finally,we present some thoughts and suggestions for the future development of this field.展开更多
基金supported by the projects funded by the Education Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(NO.23JP116)the Natural Science Fund of Shaanxi Province(NO.2024JC-YBMS-396)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.52171191,52371198,U22A20137)the Constructing National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zones(XM2024XTGXQ05)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(JCYJ20220818102215033,GJHZ20210705142542015,JCYJ20220530160811027)Guangdong HUST Industrial Technology Research Institute,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Equipment Digitization(2023B1212060012).
文摘Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)has evolved from a laboratory technique to a practical tool for ultra-sensitive detection,particularly in the biomedical field,where precise molecular identification is crucial.Despite significant advancements,a gap remains in the literature,as no comprehensive review systematically addresses the high-precision construction of SERS substrates for ultrasensitive biomedical detection.This review fills that gap by exploring recent progress in fabricating high-precision SERS substrates,emphasizing their role in enabling ultrasensitive bio-medical sensors.We carefully examine the key to these advancements is the precision engineering of substrates,including noble metals,semiconductors,carbon-based materials,and two-dimensional materials,which is essential for achieving the high sensitivity required for ultrasensitive detection.Applications in biomedical diagnostics and molecular analysis are highlighted.Finally,we address the challenges in SERS substrate preparation and outline future directions,focusing on improvement strategies,design concepts,and expanding applications for these advanced materials.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Instrumentation Program(52327806)Youth Fund of the National Nature Foundation of China(62405020)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M764131).
文摘Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predominantly on the phase-shifting approach,which involves collecting multiple interferograms and imposes stringent demands on environmental stability.These issues significantly hinder its ability to achieve real-time and dynamic high-precision measurements.Therefore,this study proposes a high-precision large-aperture single-frame interferometric surface profile measurement(LA-SFISPM)method based on deep learning and explores its capability to realize dynamic measurements with high accuracy.The interferogram is matched to the phase by training the data measured using the small aperture.The consistency of the surface features of the small and large apertures is enhanced via contrast learning and feature-distribution alignment.Hence,high-precision phase reconstruction of large-aperture optical components can be achieved without using a phase shifter.The experimental results show that for the tested mirror withΦ=820 mm,the surface profile obtained from LA-SFISPM is subtracted point-by-point from the ground truth,resulting in a maximum single-point error of 4.56 nm.Meanwhile,the peak-to-valley(PV)value is 0.0758λ,and the simple repeatability of root mean square(SR-RMS)value is 0.00025λ,which aligns well with the measured results obtained by ZYGO.In particular,a significant reduction in the measurement time(reduced by a factor of 48)is achieved compared with that of the traditional phase-shifting method.Our proposed method provides an efficient,rapid,and accurate method for obtaining the surface profiles of optical components with different diameters without employing a phase-shifting approach,which is highly desired in large-aperture interferometric measurement systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12172388 and 12472400)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No. 2025A1515011975)the Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University of China (No. 2023SDKYA010)
文摘The elliptic integral method(EIM) is an efficient analytical approach for analyzing large deformations of elastic beams. However, it faces the following challenges.First, the existing EIM can only handle cases with known deformation modes. Second,the existing EIM is only applicable to Euler beams, and there is no EIM available for higher-precision Timoshenko and Reissner beams in cases where both force and moment are applied at the end. This paper proposes a general EIM for Reissner beams under arbitrary boundary conditions. On this basis, an analytical equation for determining the sign of the elliptic integral is provided. Based on the equation, we discover a class of elliptic integral piecewise points that are distinct from inflection points. More importantly, we propose an algorithm that automatically calculates the number of inflection points and other piecewise points during the nonlinear solution process, which is crucial for beams with unknown or changing deformation modes.
文摘With the intensifying competition in the integrated circuit(IC)industry,the high turnover rate of integrated circuit engineers has become a prominent issue affecting the technological continuity of high-precision,specialized,and innovative enterprises.As a representative of such enterprises,JL Technology has faced challenges to its R&D efficiency due to talent loss in recent years.This study takes this enterprise as a case to explore feasible paths to reduce turnover rates through optimizing training and career development systems.The research designs a method combining learning maps and talent maps,utilizes a competency model to clarify the direction for engineers’skill improvement,implements talent classification management using a nine-grid model,and achieves personalized training through Individual Development Plans(IDPs).Analysis of the enterprise’s historical data reveals that the main reasons for turnover are unclear career development paths and insufficient resources for skill improvement.After pilot implementation,the turnover rate in core departments decreased by 12%,and employee satisfaction with training increased by 24%.The results indicate that matching systematic talent reviews with dynamic learning resources can effectively enhance engineers’sense of belonging.This study provides a set of highly operational management tools for small and medium-sized high-precision,specialized,and innovative technology enterprises,verifies their applicability in such enterprises,and offers replicable experiences for similar enterprises to optimize their talent strategies[1].
文摘Despite their high theoretical capacity and energy density,lithiumsulfur(Li–S)batteries still face challenges such as soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics.In this work,we used a novel MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure anchored on a carbon sponge(CS)as a Li_(2)S host to solve these problems.A simple hydrothermal process following carbothermal reduction was used to construct the MoS_(2)-Mo_(2)C heterostructure,enabling control of the phases and integration of MoS_(2) and Mo_(2)C.Structural characterization confirmed the coherent interface of the heterostructure with a precise orientation relationship between the two phases and their uniform distribution.An evaluation of the adsorption and catalytic performance of the material showed that it has an exceptional LiPSs adsorption capacity with faster conversion from Li_(2)S_(4) to Li_(2)S_(2).Density functional theory calculations further confirmed these results.As a result,the cathode had a high initial discharge capacity of 693 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 C and achieved stable cycling at 2 C for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.107%per cycle.The heterostructure design,coupled with the macroporous CS framework,effectively prevented the shuttling and increased sulfur utilization,offering a promising way to produce practical high-energydensity Li–S batteries.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32502106)One health Interdisciplinary Research Project,Institute of One Health Science,Ningbo University(NBUOH202502)the Ningbo Top Talent Project(215-432094250).
文摘The antioxidant activity of selenium-containing soybean peptides(SePPs)has been previously demonstrated,despite their limited absorption in the small intestine.This study investigates the antioxidant mechanism of a selenium-containing tetrapeptide,Ser-Phe-Gln-SeM(SFQSeM),identified from SePPs,with particular emphasis on its interaction with the intestinal microbiota and its role in modulating host antioxidant defenses.The effects of SFQSeM were evaluated in a D-galactose-induced oxidative stress model and an antibiotictreated mouse model.SFQSeM supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress in D-galactosetreated mice.It also promoted the growth of beneficial bacteria and increased the levels of acetate,butyrate and lactate in the intestine(P<0.05).In the antibiotic-treated mouse model,depletion of the intestinal microbiota significantly reduced hepatic glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity(26.6%)and glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1)expression(48.77%)compared to normal mice supplemented with SFQSeM(P<0.05).In contrast to Na_(2)SeO_(3)and selenomethionine,SFQSeM effectively restored the diversity of the intestinal microbiota disrupted by antibiotics.Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Muribaculaceae were identified as predominant bacteria in the SFQSeM group,and were strongly associated with increased hepatic GSH-Px activity and GPx-1 mRNA expression(P<0.05).In conclusion,intestinal microbiota enhances the antioxidant efficacy of SFQSeM by modulating microbial composition,producing active metabolites,and converting SFQSeM into a bioactive form of selenium.
基金financial y supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD1900902)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LLSSZ24C030001)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-08-G-09)sponsored by the K.C.Wong Magna Fund of Ningbo University,China。
文摘Fungi play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition,plant growth promotion,and the enhancement of resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses.However,studies on the fungal communities associated with peas (Pisum sativum L.) remain limited.In this study,we systematically investigated the ecological effects of host niches (soil,root,stem,leaf,and pod) and genotypes on the diversity and composition of fungal communities in peas using a multi-level approach that encompassed pattern recognition (β-diversity decomposition),mechanism validation (neutral community model testing),and dynamic tracking methods (migration pathway source-tracking).The results revealed that the dominant fungal phyla across niches and genotypes were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota,and Mortierellomycota,and the community structures of the soil–plant continuum were primarily determined by the pea niches rather than genotypes.β-diversity decomposition was largely attributed to species replacement rather than richness differences,indicating strong niche specificity and microbial replacement across microhabitats.Neutral model analysis revealed that stochastic processes influenced genotypeassociated communities,while deterministic processes played a dominant role in niche-based community assembly.Source-tracking analysis identified niche-to-niche fungal migration,with Erysiphe,Fusarium,Cephaliophora,Ascobolus,Alternaria,and Aspergillus as the key genera.Migration rates from exogenous to endogenous niches were low (1.3–61.5%),whereas those within exogenous (64.4–83.7%) or endogenous (73.9–96.4%) compartments were much higher,suggesting that the pea epidermis acts as a selective barrier that filters and enriches microbial communities prior to internal colonization.This study provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of host filtering,enrichment and microbial sourcing,which increases our understanding of the assembly rules of the pea-associated fungal microbiome.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274177 and 12304261)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751076)。
文摘Luminescent metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have garnered significant attention due to their structural tunability and potential applications in solid-state lighting,bioimaging,sensing,anticounterfeiting,and other fields.Nevertheless,due to the tendency of1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid(BDC)to rotate within the framework,MOFs composed of it exhibit significant non-radiative energy dissipation and thus impair the emissive properties.In this study,efficient luminescence of MIL-140A nanocrystals(NCs)with BDC rotors as ligands is achieved by pressure treatment strategy.Pressure treatment effectively modulates the pore structure of the framework,enhancing the interactions between the N,N-dimethylformamide vip molecules and the BDC ligands.The enhanced host-vip interaction contributes to the structural rigidity of the MOF,thereby suppressing the rotation-induced excited-state energy loss.As a result,the pressure-treated MIL-140A NCs displayed bright blue-light emission,with the photoluminescence quantum yield increasing from an initial 6.8%to 69.2%.This study developed an effective strategy to improve the luminescence performance of rotor ligand MOFs,offers a new avenue for the rational design and synthesis of MOFs with superior luminescent properties.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51175267)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2010481)+2 种基金the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.20113219120004)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20100481148)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.1001004B)
文摘To realize high-precision automatic measurement of two-dimensional geometric features on parts, a cooperative measurement system based on machine vision is constructed. Its hardware structure, functional composition and working principle are introduced. The mapping relationship between the feature image coordinates and the measuring space coordinates is established. The method of measuring path planning of small field of view （FOV） images is proposed. With the cooperation of the panoramic image of the object to be measured, the small FOV images with high object plane resolution are acquired automatically. Then, the auxiliary measuring characteristics are constructed and the parameters of the features to be measured are automatically extracted. Experimental results show that the absolute value of relative error is less than 0. 03% when applying the cooperative measurement system to gauge the hole distance of 100 mm nominal size. When the object plane resolving power of the small FOV images is 16 times that of the large FOV image, the measurement accuracy of small FOV images is improved by 14 times compared with the large FOV image. It is suitable for high-precision automatic measurement of two-dimensional complex geometric features distributed on large scale parts.
基金National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project(No.2013YQ170539)
文摘Multi-sensor coordinate unification in dimensional metrology is used in order to get holistic, more accurate and reliable information about a workpiece based on several or multiple measurement values from one or more sensors. Because of the problem that standard ball is deficient as a standard artifact in the coordinate unification of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions （2D） , a new method is proposed in this paper which uses angle gauge blocks as standard artifacts to achieve coordinate unification between the image sensor and the tactile probe. By comparing the standard ball with the angle gauge block as a standard artifact, theoretical analysis and experimental results are given to prove that it is more precise and more convenient to use angle gauge blocks as standard artifacts to achieve coordinate unification of high-precision composite measurement in two dimensions.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874045)National Natural Science Foundation-Youth Foundation(52104056)+2 种基金Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2021]56)Postdoctoral innovative talents support program in China(BX2021374)Scientific Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(T2021004).
文摘A reliable multiphase flow simulator is an important tool to improve wellbore integrity and production decision-making.To develop a multiphase flow model with high adaptability and high accuracy,we first build a multiphase flow database with 3561 groups of data and developed a drift closure relationship with stable continuity and high adaptability.Second,a high-order numerical scheme with strong fault capture ability is constructed by effectively combining MUSCL technology,van Albada slope limiter and AUSMV numerical scheme.Finally,the energy equation is coupled into the AUSMV numerical scheme of the drift flow model in the form of finite difference.A transient non-isothermal wellbore multiphase flow model with wide applicability is formed by integrating the three technologies,and the effects of various factors on the calculation accuracy are studied.The accuracy of the simulator is verified by comparing the measurement results with the blowout experiment of a full-scale experimental well.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42192535)the Open Fund of Wuhan,Gravitation and Solid Earth Tides,National Observation and Research Station(No.WHYWZ202204)+1 种基金the Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Special Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB18010304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41874096).
文摘The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is the youngest orogenic belt resulting from a continental collision on the Earth.It is a natural laboratory for studying continental dynamics,such as continental convergence,plate subduction,and plateau uplift.Investigating the deep structure of the TP has always been a popular issue in geological research.The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle and therefore plays a crucial role in the Earth’s structure.Parameters such as depth and lateral variation,as well as the fine structure of the crust-mantle interface,reveal the lithospheric dynamics in the TP.Two methods are generally employed to study the Moho surface:seismic detection and gravity inversion.Seismic detection has the characteristic of high precision,but it is limited to a few cross-sectional lines and is quite costly.It is not suitable for and cannot be carried out over a large area of the TP.The Moho depth over a large area can be obtained through gravity inversion,but this method is affected by the nature of gravity data,and the accuracy of the inversion method is lower than that of seismic detection.In this work,a high-precision gravity field model was selected.The Parker-Oldenburg interface inversion method was used,within the constraints of seismic observations,and the Bott iteration method was introduced to enhance the inversion efficiency.The Moho depth in the TP was obtained with high precision,consistent with the seismic detection results.The research results showed that the shape of the Moho in the TP is complex and the variation range is large,reaching 60−80 km.In contrast with the adjacent area,a clear zone of sharp variation appears at the edge of the plateau.In the interior of the TP,the buried depth of the Moho is characterized by two depressions and two uplifts.To the south of the Yarlung Zangbo River,the Moho inclines to the north,and to the north,the Moho depresses downward,which was interpreted as the Indian plate subducting to the north below Xizang.The Moho depression on the north side of the Qiangtang block,reaching 72 km deep,may be a result of the southward subduction of the lithosphere.The Moho uplift of the Qiangtang block has the same strike as the Bangong−Nujiang suture zone,which may indicate that the area is compensated by a low-density and low-velocity mantle.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11427803,11427901 and 11773040)the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(XDA04061002 and XDA15010800)the Public Technology Service Center,National Astronomical Observatories of CAS(829011V01)。
文摘The magnetic field is one of the most important parameters in solar physics,and a polarimeter is the key device to measure the solar magnetic field.Liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is a novel technology,and will be applied for magnetic field measurement in the first space-based solar observatory satellite developed by China,Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory.However,the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter in space is not a mature technology.Therefore,it is of great scientific significance to study the control method and characteristics of the device.The retardation produced by a liquid crystal variable retarder is sensitive to the temperature,and the retardation changes 0.09°per 0.10℃.The error in polarization measurement caused by this change is 0.016,which affects the accuracy of magnetic field measurement.In order to ensure the stability of its performance,this paper proposes a high-precision temperature control system for liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter in space.In order to optimize the structure design and temperature control system,the temperature field of liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is analyzed by the finite element method,and the influence of light on the temperature field of the liquid crystal variable retarder is analyzed theoretically.By analyzing the principle of highprecision temperature measurement in space,a high-precision temperature measurement circuit based on integrated operational amplifier,programmable amplifier and 12 bit A/D is designed,and a high-precision space temperature control system is developed by applying the integral separation PI temperature control algorithm and PWM driving heating films.The experimental results show that the effect of temperature control is accurate and stable,whenever the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter is either in the air or vacuum.The temperature stability is within±0.0150℃,which demonstrates greatly improved stability for the liquid crystals based Stokes polarimeter.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775147 and 52005133).
文摘High-precision turning(HPT)is a main processing method for manufacturing rotary high-precision components,especially for metallic parts.However,the generated vibration between tool tip and workpiece during turning may seriously deteriorate the surface integrity.Therefore,exploring the effect of vibration on turning surface morphology and quality of copper parts using 3D surface topography regeneration model is crucial for predicting HPT performance.This developed model can update the machined surface topology in real time.In this study,the effects of tool arc radius,feed rate,radial vibration,axial vibration and tangential vibration on the surface topography and surface roughness were explored.The results show that the effect of radial vibration on surface topography is greater than that of axial vibration and tangential vibration.The radial vibration frequency is also critical.When vibration frequency changes,the surface topography profile presents three different types:the standard sinusoidal curve,the sinusoidal curve whose lowfrequency signal envelopes high-frequency signal,and the oscillation curve whose low-frequency signal superimposes high-frequency signal.In addition,HPT experiment was carried out to validate the developed model.The surface roughness obtained in the experiment was Ra=53 nm,while the roughness obtained by the simulation was Ra=46 nm,achieving a prediction accuracy of 86.7%.Received 4 September 2022;revised 3 October 2022;accepted 17 October 2022.
基金This work was supported by the National Meg-Science Engineering Project of the Chinese Government.
文摘This paper introduces a design of high-precision high-voltage fiber-optic analog sig-nal isolation converter based on the technology of Voltage-to-Frequency (V/F) and Frequency-to-Voltage (F/V) conversion. It describes the principle, system configuration and hardware design.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1764264/61873165).
文摘High-precision lane keeping is essential for the future autonomous driving.However,due to the imbalanced and inaccurate datasets collected by human drivers,current end-to-end driving models have poor lane keeping the effect.To improve the precision of lane keeping,this study presents a novel multi-state model-based end-to-end lane keeping method.First,three driving states will be defined:going straight,turning right and turning left.Second,the finite-state machine(FSM)table as well as three kinds of training datasets will be generated based on the three driving states.Instead of collecting the dataset by human drivers,the accurate dataset will be collected by the high-performance path following controller.Third,three sets of parameters based on 3DCNN-LSTM model will be trained for going straight,turning left and turning right,which will be combined with FSM table to form a multi-state model.This study evaluates the multi-state model by testing it on five tracks and recording the lane keeping error.The result shows the multi-state model-based end-to-end method performs the higher precision of lane keeping than the traditional single end-to-end model.
文摘Solar resource monitoring and evaluation is the foundation of informatization of photovoltaic power station. In 2016, China began to bring in high-precision solar resource monitoring technology which provides reliable basic data for the photovoltaic informatization development. This paper systematically sorts out design basis, monitoring elements and system architecture of high-precision monitoring station, and analyzes operation effect of high-precision solar resource monitoring station from performance of solar radiation meter and prediction results of luminous power, which provide important data support for analysis of power generation efficiency of photovoltaic module, prediction of power generation of power station, evaluation of operation effect of power station, etc.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50905169)
文摘This paper describes the detailed desi gn of data acquisition device with multi-channel and high-precision for aerosp ace.Based on detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of tw o common acquisition circuits,the design factors of acquisition device focus o n accuracy,sampling rate,hardware overhead and design space.The me chanical structure of the system is divided into different card layers according to different functions and the structure has the characteristics of high reliability,conveni ence to install and scalability.To ens ure reliable operation mode,the interface uses the optocoupler isolated from th e e xternal circuit.The transmission of signal is decided by the current in the cur rent loop that consists of optocouplers between acquisition device and t est bench.In multi-channel switching circuit,by establ ishing analog multiplexer model,the selection principles of circuit modes are given.
基金the Research on Governing Princi-ples and Mechanism of Autonomous Driving Supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(No.20511101703)the Research on Key Applicable Techniques and Legal Social Problem about Autonomous Driving Electronic Vehicles Sup-ported by the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2018YFB0105202-05)。
文摘A high-precision map(HPM)is the key infrastructure to realizing the function of automated driving(AD)and ensuring its safety.However,the current laws and regulations on HPMs in China can lead to serious legal compliance problems.Thus,proper measures should be taken to remove these barriers.Starting with a complete view of the current legal obstacles to HPMs in China,this study first explains why these legal obstacles exist and the types of legal interests they are trying to protect.It then analyzes whether new technology could be used as an alternative to resolve these concerns.Factors such as national security,AD industry needs,and personal data protection,as well as the flexibility of applying technology,are discussed and analyzed hierarchically for this purpose.This study proposes that China should adhere to national security and AD industry development,pass new technical regulations that redefine the scope of national security regarding geographic information in the field of HPMs,and establish a national platform under the guidance and monitoring of the government to integrate scattered resources and promote the development of HPMs via crowdsourcing.Regarding the legal obstacles with higher technical plasticity,priority should be given to technical solutions such as“available but invisible”technology.Compared with the previous research,this study reveals the current legal barriers in China that have different levels of relevance to national security and different technical plasticity.It also proposes original measures to remove them,such as coordinating national security with the development of the AD industry,reshaping the boundary of national security and industrial interests,and giving priority to technical solutions for legal barriers that have strong technical plasticity.
基金National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFB1305001)Major Consulting and Research Project of Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2018-ZD-02-07)。
文摘Taking autonomous driving and driverless as the research object,we discuss and define intelligent high-precision map.Intelligent high-precision map is considered as a key link of future travel,a carrier of real-time perception of traffic resources in the entire space-time range,and the criterion for the operation and control of the whole process of the vehicle.As a new form of map,it has distinctive features in terms of cartography theory and application requirements compared with traditional navigation electronic maps.Thus,it is necessary to analyze and discuss its key features and problems to promote the development of research and application of intelligent high-precision map.Accordingly,we propose an information transmission model based on the cartography theory and combine the wheeled robot’s control flow in practical application.Next,we put forward the data logic structure of intelligent high-precision map,and analyze its application in autonomous driving.Then,we summarize the computing mode of“Crowdsourcing+Edge-Cloud Collaborative Computing”,and carry out key technical analysis on how to improve the quality of crowdsourced data.We also analyze the effective application scenarios of intelligent high-precision map in the future.Finally,we present some thoughts and suggestions for the future development of this field.
