This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The inp...This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.展开更多
Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predomina...Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predominantly on the phase-shifting approach,which involves collecting multiple interferograms and imposes stringent demands on environmental stability.These issues significantly hinder its ability to achieve real-time and dynamic high-precision measurements.Therefore,this study proposes a high-precision large-aperture single-frame interferometric surface profile measurement(LA-SFISPM)method based on deep learning and explores its capability to realize dynamic measurements with high accuracy.The interferogram is matched to the phase by training the data measured using the small aperture.The consistency of the surface features of the small and large apertures is enhanced via contrast learning and feature-distribution alignment.Hence,high-precision phase reconstruction of large-aperture optical components can be achieved without using a phase shifter.The experimental results show that for the tested mirror withΦ=820 mm,the surface profile obtained from LA-SFISPM is subtracted point-by-point from the ground truth,resulting in a maximum single-point error of 4.56 nm.Meanwhile,the peak-to-valley(PV)value is 0.0758λ,and the simple repeatability of root mean square(SR-RMS)value is 0.00025λ,which aligns well with the measured results obtained by ZYGO.In particular,a significant reduction in the measurement time(reduced by a factor of 48)is achieved compared with that of the traditional phase-shifting method.Our proposed method provides an efficient,rapid,and accurate method for obtaining the surface profiles of optical components with different diameters without employing a phase-shifting approach,which is highly desired in large-aperture interferometric measurement systems.展开更多
The elliptic integral method(EIM) is an efficient analytical approach for analyzing large deformations of elastic beams. However, it faces the following challenges.First, the existing EIM can only handle cases with kn...The elliptic integral method(EIM) is an efficient analytical approach for analyzing large deformations of elastic beams. However, it faces the following challenges.First, the existing EIM can only handle cases with known deformation modes. Second,the existing EIM is only applicable to Euler beams, and there is no EIM available for higher-precision Timoshenko and Reissner beams in cases where both force and moment are applied at the end. This paper proposes a general EIM for Reissner beams under arbitrary boundary conditions. On this basis, an analytical equation for determining the sign of the elliptic integral is provided. Based on the equation, we discover a class of elliptic integral piecewise points that are distinct from inflection points. More importantly, we propose an algorithm that automatically calculates the number of inflection points and other piecewise points during the nonlinear solution process, which is crucial for beams with unknown or changing deformation modes.展开更多
With the intensifying competition in the integrated circuit(IC)industry,the high turnover rate of integrated circuit engineers has become a prominent issue affecting the technological continuity of high-precision,spec...With the intensifying competition in the integrated circuit(IC)industry,the high turnover rate of integrated circuit engineers has become a prominent issue affecting the technological continuity of high-precision,specialized,and innovative enterprises.As a representative of such enterprises,JL Technology has faced challenges to its R&D efficiency due to talent loss in recent years.This study takes this enterprise as a case to explore feasible paths to reduce turnover rates through optimizing training and career development systems.The research designs a method combining learning maps and talent maps,utilizes a competency model to clarify the direction for engineers’skill improvement,implements talent classification management using a nine-grid model,and achieves personalized training through Individual Development Plans(IDPs).Analysis of the enterprise’s historical data reveals that the main reasons for turnover are unclear career development paths and insufficient resources for skill improvement.After pilot implementation,the turnover rate in core departments decreased by 12%,and employee satisfaction with training increased by 24%.The results indicate that matching systematic talent reviews with dynamic learning resources can effectively enhance engineers’sense of belonging.This study provides a set of highly operational management tools for small and medium-sized high-precision,specialized,and innovative technology enterprises,verifies their applicability in such enterprises,and offers replicable experiences for similar enterprises to optimize their talent strategies[1].展开更多
Shot peening is commonly employed for surface deformation strengthening of cylindrical surface part.Therefore,it is critical to understand the effects of shot peening on residual stress and surface topography.Compared...Shot peening is commonly employed for surface deformation strengthening of cylindrical surface part.Therefore,it is critical to understand the effects of shot peening on residual stress and surface topography.Compared to flat surface,cylindrical surface shot peening has two significant features:(i)the curvature of the cylindrical surface and the scattering of the shot stream cause dis-tributed impact velocities;(i)the rotation of the part results in a periodic variation of the impact velocity component.Therefore,it is a challenge to quickly and accurately predict the shot peening residual stress and surface topography of cylindrical surface.This paper developed a high-precision model which considers the more realistic shot peening process.Firstly,a kinematic analysis model was developed to simulate the relative movement of numerous shots and cylindrical surface.Then,the spatial distribution and time-varying impact information was calculated.Subsequently,the impact information was used for finite element modeling to predict residual stress and surface topography.The proposed kinematic analysis method was validated by comparison with the dis-crete element method.Meanwhile,9310 high strength steel rollers shot peening test verified the effectiveness of the model in predicting the residual stress and surface topography.In addition,the effects of air pressure and attack angle on the residual stress and surface topography were investigated.This work could provide a functional package for efficient prediction of the surface integrity and guide industrial application in cylindrical surface shot peening.展开更多
In order to improve the reliability of the spacecraft micro cold gas propulsion system and realize the precise control of the spacecraft attitude and orbit, a micro-thrust, high-precision cold gas thruster is carried ...In order to improve the reliability of the spacecraft micro cold gas propulsion system and realize the precise control of the spacecraft attitude and orbit, a micro-thrust, high-precision cold gas thruster is carried out, at the same time due to the design requirements of the spacecraft, this micro-thrust should be continuous working more than 60 minutes, the traditional solenoid valve used for the thrusts can’t complete the mission, so a long-life micro latching valve is developed as the control valve for this micro thruster, because the micro latching valve can keep its position when it cuts off the outage. Firstly, the authors introduced the design scheme and idea of the thruster. Secondly, the performance of the latching valve and the flow characteristics of the nozzle were simulated. Finally, from the experimental results and compared with the numerical study, it shows that the long-life micro cold gas thruster developed in this paper meets the mission requirements.展开更多
Objective: We aim to analyze the surgical nursery of abdominal wall hernias in adults between two poorly fitted medical environments, the Regional Hospital Center of Tsévié (RHC-T) and the Prefectural Hospit...Objective: We aim to analyze the surgical nursery of abdominal wall hernias in adults between two poorly fitted medical environments, the Regional Hospital Center of Tsévié (RHC-T) and the Prefectural Hospital Center of Kpalimé (PHC-K) in Togo. Methodology: It was a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study carried out over five years (2018-2022) focusing on abdominal wall hernias in adults. Information was gathered from the patients’clinical notes and registers on the frequency of hernias, the anatomo-clinical forms of hernias, the type of anesthesia, the hernia repair technique and the postoperative evolution. Results: Of the 1022 and 1026 operations performed, 312 and 412 were hernial repairs, representing 30.5% and 41.2% of operations at RHC-T and PHC-K respectively (p = 0.001). The inguinal hernia was the most often found in 83.7% (n = 261) at RHC-T versus 76.6% (n = 324) at PHC-K. Herniorrhaphy was the most frequently used repair method, in 93.6% (n = 292) of patients at RHC-T and in 91.3% (n = 376) at PHC-K (p = 0.11). Postoperative complications were noted in 5.1% of cases (n = 16) at RHC-T versus 3.5% of cases (n = 15) at PHC-K (p = 0.307). These complications included scrotal hematomas, surgical areas infections, and orchitis. We recorded 1.3% (n = 4) and 0.8% (n = 3) deaths at RHC-T and PHC-K respectively (p = 0.496). Conclusion: There is homogeneity in the treatment of hernia in these two hospitals in Togo.展开更多
The oscillating hydrofoil represents a promising technology for harvesting energy from tidal currents.While previous research has primarily focused on oscillating hydrofoils utilizing a fully activated control strateg...The oscillating hydrofoil represents a promising technology for harvesting energy from tidal currents.While previous research has primarily focused on oscillating hydrofoils utilizing a fully activated control strategy,the industry predominantly employs a semi-activated control strategy in existing tidal current energy converters.It is essential to identify the differences in predicted energy-harvesting performance between these two controlling strategies through experimental modeling or numerical studies.Furthermore,the suitability of the fully activated control strategy in predicting the energy-harvesting capabilities of oscillating hydrofoils is evaluated.The 2D numerical models of hydrofoil based on fully activated and semi-activated control strategies have been developed and validated.The amplitudes of heaving and pitching movements for the fully activated hydrofoil are determined to match those of the semi-activated hydrofoil.The results show that the main difference between the two control strategies lies in the phase shift occurring between the pitching and heaving motions.This phase shift affects the lift force and its coordination with the heaving velocity,which in turn affects the power output.Notably,the maximum relative efficiency difference obtained between the fully activated and semi-activated control strategies can reach 191%.展开更多
The plastid genome(plastome)represents an indispensable molecular resource for studying plant phylogeny and evolution.Although plastome size is much smaller than that of nuclear genomes,accurately and efficientlyannot...The plastid genome(plastome)represents an indispensable molecular resource for studying plant phylogeny and evolution.Although plastome size is much smaller than that of nuclear genomes,accurately and efficientlyannotating and utilizing plastome sequences remain challenging.Therefore,a streamlined phylogenomic pipeline spanning plastome annotation,phylogenetic reconstruction and comparative genomics would greatly facilitate research utilizing this important organellar genome.Here,we develop PlastidHub,a novel web application employing innovative tools to analyze plastome sequences.In comparison with existing tools,key novel functionalities in PlastidHub include:(1)standardization of quadripartite structure;(2)improvement of annotation flexibility and consistency;(3)quantitative assessment of annotation completeness;(4)diverse extraction modes for canonical and specialized sequences;(5)intelligent screening of molecular markers for biodiversity studies;(6)genelevel visual comparison of structural variations and annotation completeness.PlastidHub features cloud-based web applications that do not require users to install,update,or maintain tools;detailed help documents including user guides,test examples,a static pop-up prompt box,and dynamic pop-up warning prompts when entering unreasonable parameter values;batch processing capabilities for all tools;intermediate results for secondary use;and easy-to-operate task flows between fileupload and download.A key feature of PlastidHub is its interrelated task-based user interface design.Give that PlastidHub is easy to use without specialized computational skills or resources,this new platform should be widely used among botanists and evolutionary biologists,improving and expediting research employing the plastome.PlastidHub is available at https://www.plastidhub.cn.展开更多
Bathymodiolus mussels distribute in both deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent environments,whose endosymbiotic gill tissue is a prominent character for the adaptation of extreme habitats.However,few studies explor...Bathymodiolus mussels distribute in both deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent environments,whose endosymbiotic gill tissue is a prominent character for the adaptation of extreme habitats.However,few studies explored the adaptation mechanisms through comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis of different tissues between seep mussels and vent mussels.We performed the comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis for three tissue types(gill,mantle,and adductor muscle)of Bathymodiolus mussels collected from a cold seeping site Station S 11 and the 50-km away hydrothermal field Minami-Ensei Knoll in the Okinawa Trough.Results show that gene expression patterns had distinct tissue specificity.Compared with the non-endosymbiotic tissues(mantle and adductor muscle),the significantly strengthened gene functions in endosymbiotic gill included microbial recognition(fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1-B-like(fibcd),fibrinogen-related protein 8(frp),peptidoglycan recognition proteins(pgrp),and C-type lectin(clec)),cell apoptosis and immunity(interferon regulatory factor 1/2-like 1(ir f),cathepsin D(ctsd),caspase 2(casp 2)),and antioxidant capacity(copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(czsod),glutathione peroxidase(gpx),selenoprotein(sel)),in both seep and vent individuals.Consistent with metal accumulation,high expression levels of genes related to heavy metal detoxification(cytochrome P 450(cyp),ferritin-like(ftl),metallothionein(mt),glutathione S-transferase(gst))were also observed in gill.Moreover,to adapt to high hydrostatic pressure in the deep sea,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways associated with cellular community were significantly enriched in all three tissues,suggesting the regulation of cell structure and cell adhesion at transcriptional level.This study obtained gene expression profiles of deep-sea mussels subsisting at cold seep and hydrothermal vent sites,which could lay foundations for comprehensive investigations of molecular basis in adaptation of deep-sea mussels to the two extreme ecosystems.展开更多
Lactococcus lactis,a major starter culture in the dairy industry,has been widely applied in food fermentation.While current research has primarily focused on evaluating its role during fermentation,genomic investigati...Lactococcus lactis,a major starter culture in the dairy industry,has been widely applied in food fermentation.While current research has primarily focused on evaluating its role during fermentation,genomic investigations into its genetic diversity and functional adaptability remain limited.In this study,199 L.lactis strains isolated from Chinese traditional artisanal cheeses(72 bovine,71 goat,and 56 yak milk cheese isolates)were subjected to comparative genomic analysis.Genomic characteristic analysis indicated that bovine milk strains possess larger genomes and the highest number of unique genes.Functional characterization further demonstrated notable differences in carbohydrate metabolism among strains from different sources,with yak milk strains enriched in enzymes involved in complex polysaccharide degradation,including members of the carbohydrate esterases family.Moreover,strains from different sources exhibit distinct strategies for lactose hydrolysis and metabolic utilization,reflecting adaptive evolution to their specific nutritional niches.Analysis of the antibiotic resistance profile suggests that L.lactis predominantly harbors glycopeptide and lincosamide resistance genes,encompassing four distinct resistance mechanisms.Collectively,this study reveals the genetic diversity and adaptive evolution of L.lactis strains from different sources and identifies key genes associated with carbohydrate degradation,lactose metabolism,and antibiotic resistance,providing concrete genetic evidence for the selection of efficient and safe industrial fermentation strains.展开更多
Although previous studies have analyzed the unique structural characteristics of the polar vortices on Earth,Venus,Mars,and Titan,the understanding of the polar vortices on Venus and Titan is primarily based on small-...Although previous studies have analyzed the unique structural characteristics of the polar vortices on Earth,Venus,Mars,and Titan,the understanding of the polar vortices on Venus and Titan is primarily based on small-scale case studies due to the limited resolution and coverage of observational data.Conducting a detailed comparison of the polar vortex characteristics between the major terrestrial planets and Titan in the solar system is more challenging.In order to more finely compare the polar vortex characteristics of the main terrestrial planets in the solar system with Titan,we have achieved the optimal estimation of the polar vortices of Venus and Titan under existing conditions based on the advanced VCD2.3 and TitanWRF model.At the same time,combining ERA5 and EMARS databases,a detailed spatiotemporal comparison of polar vortex characteristics between terrestrial planets with atmospheres in the solar system and the most Earth-like Titan satellite was conducted for the first time.Here,we demonstrate that:(1)The circulation characteristics of Mars above the 1 mbar level are very similar to those at 1000 mbar in the lower layers of Titan,with seasonal variations of the same height.(2)In contrast to the vortex structure that is stably maintained in the lead direction in the polar regions of Mars and Earth during the winter,the time of occurrence of the peak vortex intensity at Titan and Venus is gradually shifted forward with increasing altitude.(3)When Venus undergoes vortex instability drift,the polar vortex at an altitude of 1 mbar breaks up into banded structures,a phenomenon that closely resembles the twisting deformation of PV structures during weak stratospheric polar vortex events on Earth.展开更多
This paper conducts clustering,potential semantic indexing,comparison,and inductive analysis of research papers on marketing between China and the UK from January 2020 to September 2024.The study found that the Chines...This paper conducts clustering,potential semantic indexing,comparison,and inductive analysis of research papers on marketing between China and the UK from January 2020 to September 2024.The study found that the Chinese marketing research focuses on digital transformation,policy impact,value co-creation,and emerging e-commerce models.In contrast,the UK marketing research focuses more on sustainability,technology integration,real-time research,and personalized marketing strategies.The study also found that there were few marketing articles published in Chinese and CSSCI journals in China,while the SSCI journals published in English were 62 times more than in Chinese.According to the research,digital marketing and data-driven decision-making,diversified marketing channels,sustainability and circular economy,technological innovation and cutting-edge technology application,meta-universe and blockchain technology,AI+marketing development,brand building,and international market expansion will become the research hotspots in the field of marketing in the future.The research suggests that China should strengthen the construction of an academic marketing platform,and China and the UK should strengthen cooperation in marketing research,learn from each other's strengths,and jointly give full play to their advantages in technology application,market and economy,strategy and innovation,and social media,to contribute to global economic development and marketing research.展开更多
The rapid development and application of emerging information technologies,such as big data and artificial intelligence,facilitates the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles.Architecture is an important compo...The rapid development and application of emerging information technologies,such as big data and artificial intelligence,facilitates the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles.Architecture is an important component of intelligent urban rail vehicles and a key factor in ensuring their reliable and safe operation on various routes.In this context,it is very important to select appropriate architecture design standards.The paper reviews the relevant design standards for architecture at home and abroad,comprehensively analyzes the standards that need to be compared and analyzed,and conducts comprehensive comparative analysis in the aspects of the scope of application,load conditions,vertical static load,lateral load,and evaluation methods of the standards.Finally,it draws a conclusion that the standard JIS E 4207:2019,Rolling stock—Bogie—General rules for design of bogie frame strength,can meet the requirements of strength design of welded bogie frame in intelligent urban rail vehicles.It proposes the suggestions on better validating this design method in future bench and line tests of products,in order to improve the design concept of bogie frame strength and provide reference and inspiration for promoting the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles in China.展开更多
Non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)are mycobacterium-associated lung disorders that share overlapping clinical and radiological features,yet diverge significantly in path...Non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)are mycobacterium-associated lung disorders that share overlapping clinical and radiological features,yet diverge significantly in pathogenic mechanisms,therapeutic regimens,and long-term prognoses.Traditional east Medicine(TCM)constitution theory,a foundational framework for personalized healthcare,exerts a pivotal influence on disease susceptibility,pathological progression,and clinical outcomes.This review synthesizes state-of-the-art clinical evidence to systematically dissect key discrepancies in TCM constitution distribution between the two conditions,focusing on three core dimensions:distinctive patterns of constitution type distribution,the interplay between constitution and clinical variables,and the clinical relevance of these constitutional differences.Its primary goal is to deliver rigorous theoretical support and actionable guidance for TCM-based differential diagnosis,syndrome-specific interventions,and preventive healthcare strategies for both diseases.展开更多
The exchange and mutual appreciation of different cultures is an important topic in the context of globalization,and traditional patterns are the crystallization of the national cultures of various countries.The study...The exchange and mutual appreciation of different cultures is an important topic in the context of globalization,and traditional patterns are the crystallization of the national cultures of various countries.The study focuses on the Ming Dynasty Mandarin square in ancient China and the Tudor Dynasty coat of arms during the same period in England.By using comparative research,case studies,and combining historical documents and images,the origins of the two types of decorations are traced,and their social connotations and influencing factors are analyzed.Research has shown that under the influence of the historical backgrounds of politics,economy,and culture,the two types of decorative patterns exhibit a realistic aesthetic trend.The cultural connotations not only demonstrate social narrative functions such as customs and rituals,but also reflect political system functions such as hierarchy and honor.The different historical origins give rise to cultural differences in the selection of decorative elements between the two.The comparative study of the two is not only beneficial for conducting decorative design research from a global perspective,but also can promote the modern inheritance of traditional patterns while seeking common ground and reserving differences.展开更多
Based on the Etihad Railway Station Project,this study selects a single-span frame bridge with a clear span of 7.3 meters as the research object.A comprehensive structural design process was conducted following the AR...Based on the Etihad Railway Station Project,this study selects a single-span frame bridge with a clear span of 7.3 meters as the research object.A comprehensive structural design process was conducted following the AREMA(2023),Manual for Railway Engineering-Volume 2-Structures,with systematic comparisons of techno-economic differences between the Chinese and American codes through recalculation verification and equivalent-precision design methods.The findings reveal:Recalculation using the Chinese code for identical structural dimensions and reinforcement layouts demonstrates that AREMA code exhibits greater conservatism in both strength requirements and crack control;Under equivalent precision design principles,the Chinese code solution reduces reinforcement by 4.128 t tons and a 19.5%reduction in reinforcement at critical sections compared to the AREMA code,indicating slightly reduced economic efficiency of the AREMA code.This research provides quantitative references for standardized design and specification integration in cross-border railway engineering projects.展开更多
Objective To discuss the flexible supervision and communication mode in the post-approval change(PAC)of drugs,to explore how to ensure the quality and availability of drugs during the changes,and to provide some sugge...Objective To discuss the flexible supervision and communication mode in the post-approval change(PAC)of drugs,to explore how to ensure the quality and availability of drugs during the changes,and to provide some suggestions and reference for promoting the timely marketing of drugs.Methods Based on the comparability protocol guidelines issued by the US FDA in October 2022,the regulatory status quo of PAC between China and the US was compared to explore the feasibility of implementing comparability protocols in China.Results and Conclusion According to the specific situation of post-approval of drug change supervision,some suggestions were put forward to optimize the PAC management procedure,such as establishing the communication pathways between holders and health authorities,publishing relevant guidance and strengthening training,so as to provide reference for the implementation of comparability protocols in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2241221).
文摘This article introduces a novel 20 V radiation-hardened high-voltage metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor(MOSFET)driver with an optimized input circuit and a drain-surrounding-source(DSS)structure.The input circuit of a conventional inverter consists of a thick-gate-oxide n-type MOSFET(NMOS).These conventional drivers can tolerate a total ionizing dose(TID)of up to 100 krad(Si).In contrast,the proposed comparator input circuit uses both a thick-gate-oxide p-type MOSFET(PMOS)and thin-gate-oxide NMOS to offer a high input voltage and higher TID tolerance.Because the thick-gate-oxide PMOS and thin-gate-oxide NMOS collectively provide better TID tolerance than the thick-gate-oxide NMOS,the circuit exhibits enhanced TID tolerance of>300 krad(Si).Simulations and experimental date indicate that the DSS structure reduces the probability of unwanted parasitic bipolar junction transistor activation,yielding a better single-event effect tolerance of over 81.8 MeVcm^(2)mg^(-1).The innovative strategy proposed in this study involves circuit and layout design optimization,and does not require any specialized process flow.Hence,the proposed circuit can be manufactured using common commercial 0.35μm BCD processes.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Instrumentation Program(52327806)Youth Fund of the National Nature Foundation of China(62405020)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M764131).
文摘Large-aperture optical components are of paramount importance in domains such as integrated circuits,photolithography,aerospace,and inertial confinement fusion.However,measuring their surface profiles relies predominantly on the phase-shifting approach,which involves collecting multiple interferograms and imposes stringent demands on environmental stability.These issues significantly hinder its ability to achieve real-time and dynamic high-precision measurements.Therefore,this study proposes a high-precision large-aperture single-frame interferometric surface profile measurement(LA-SFISPM)method based on deep learning and explores its capability to realize dynamic measurements with high accuracy.The interferogram is matched to the phase by training the data measured using the small aperture.The consistency of the surface features of the small and large apertures is enhanced via contrast learning and feature-distribution alignment.Hence,high-precision phase reconstruction of large-aperture optical components can be achieved without using a phase shifter.The experimental results show that for the tested mirror withΦ=820 mm,the surface profile obtained from LA-SFISPM is subtracted point-by-point from the ground truth,resulting in a maximum single-point error of 4.56 nm.Meanwhile,the peak-to-valley(PV)value is 0.0758λ,and the simple repeatability of root mean square(SR-RMS)value is 0.00025λ,which aligns well with the measured results obtained by ZYGO.In particular,a significant reduction in the measurement time(reduced by a factor of 48)is achieved compared with that of the traditional phase-shifting method.Our proposed method provides an efficient,rapid,and accurate method for obtaining the surface profiles of optical components with different diameters without employing a phase-shifting approach,which is highly desired in large-aperture interferometric measurement systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12172388 and 12472400)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No. 2025A1515011975)the Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University of China (No. 2023SDKYA010)
文摘The elliptic integral method(EIM) is an efficient analytical approach for analyzing large deformations of elastic beams. However, it faces the following challenges.First, the existing EIM can only handle cases with known deformation modes. Second,the existing EIM is only applicable to Euler beams, and there is no EIM available for higher-precision Timoshenko and Reissner beams in cases where both force and moment are applied at the end. This paper proposes a general EIM for Reissner beams under arbitrary boundary conditions. On this basis, an analytical equation for determining the sign of the elliptic integral is provided. Based on the equation, we discover a class of elliptic integral piecewise points that are distinct from inflection points. More importantly, we propose an algorithm that automatically calculates the number of inflection points and other piecewise points during the nonlinear solution process, which is crucial for beams with unknown or changing deformation modes.
文摘With the intensifying competition in the integrated circuit(IC)industry,the high turnover rate of integrated circuit engineers has become a prominent issue affecting the technological continuity of high-precision,specialized,and innovative enterprises.As a representative of such enterprises,JL Technology has faced challenges to its R&D efficiency due to talent loss in recent years.This study takes this enterprise as a case to explore feasible paths to reduce turnover rates through optimizing training and career development systems.The research designs a method combining learning maps and talent maps,utilizes a competency model to clarify the direction for engineers’skill improvement,implements talent classification management using a nine-grid model,and achieves personalized training through Individual Development Plans(IDPs).Analysis of the enterprise’s historical data reveals that the main reasons for turnover are unclear career development paths and insufficient resources for skill improvement.After pilot implementation,the turnover rate in core departments decreased by 12%,and employee satisfaction with training increased by 24%.The results indicate that matching systematic talent reviews with dynamic learning resources can effectively enhance engineers’sense of belonging.This study provides a set of highly operational management tools for small and medium-sized high-precision,specialized,and innovative technology enterprises,verifies their applicability in such enterprises,and offers replicable experiences for similar enterprises to optimize their talent strategies[1].
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U22B2086)the National Science and Technology Major Project through (No.2019-VII-0017-0158).
文摘Shot peening is commonly employed for surface deformation strengthening of cylindrical surface part.Therefore,it is critical to understand the effects of shot peening on residual stress and surface topography.Compared to flat surface,cylindrical surface shot peening has two significant features:(i)the curvature of the cylindrical surface and the scattering of the shot stream cause dis-tributed impact velocities;(i)the rotation of the part results in a periodic variation of the impact velocity component.Therefore,it is a challenge to quickly and accurately predict the shot peening residual stress and surface topography of cylindrical surface.This paper developed a high-precision model which considers the more realistic shot peening process.Firstly,a kinematic analysis model was developed to simulate the relative movement of numerous shots and cylindrical surface.Then,the spatial distribution and time-varying impact information was calculated.Subsequently,the impact information was used for finite element modeling to predict residual stress and surface topography.The proposed kinematic analysis method was validated by comparison with the dis-crete element method.Meanwhile,9310 high strength steel rollers shot peening test verified the effectiveness of the model in predicting the residual stress and surface topography.In addition,the effects of air pressure and attack angle on the residual stress and surface topography were investigated.This work could provide a functional package for efficient prediction of the surface integrity and guide industrial application in cylindrical surface shot peening.
文摘In order to improve the reliability of the spacecraft micro cold gas propulsion system and realize the precise control of the spacecraft attitude and orbit, a micro-thrust, high-precision cold gas thruster is carried out, at the same time due to the design requirements of the spacecraft, this micro-thrust should be continuous working more than 60 minutes, the traditional solenoid valve used for the thrusts can’t complete the mission, so a long-life micro latching valve is developed as the control valve for this micro thruster, because the micro latching valve can keep its position when it cuts off the outage. Firstly, the authors introduced the design scheme and idea of the thruster. Secondly, the performance of the latching valve and the flow characteristics of the nozzle were simulated. Finally, from the experimental results and compared with the numerical study, it shows that the long-life micro cold gas thruster developed in this paper meets the mission requirements.
文摘Objective: We aim to analyze the surgical nursery of abdominal wall hernias in adults between two poorly fitted medical environments, the Regional Hospital Center of Tsévié (RHC-T) and the Prefectural Hospital Center of Kpalimé (PHC-K) in Togo. Methodology: It was a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study carried out over five years (2018-2022) focusing on abdominal wall hernias in adults. Information was gathered from the patients’clinical notes and registers on the frequency of hernias, the anatomo-clinical forms of hernias, the type of anesthesia, the hernia repair technique and the postoperative evolution. Results: Of the 1022 and 1026 operations performed, 312 and 412 were hernial repairs, representing 30.5% and 41.2% of operations at RHC-T and PHC-K respectively (p = 0.001). The inguinal hernia was the most often found in 83.7% (n = 261) at RHC-T versus 76.6% (n = 324) at PHC-K. Herniorrhaphy was the most frequently used repair method, in 93.6% (n = 292) of patients at RHC-T and in 91.3% (n = 376) at PHC-K (p = 0.11). Postoperative complications were noted in 5.1% of cases (n = 16) at RHC-T versus 3.5% of cases (n = 15) at PHC-K (p = 0.307). These complications included scrotal hematomas, surgical areas infections, and orchitis. We recorded 1.3% (n = 4) and 0.8% (n = 3) deaths at RHC-T and PHC-K respectively (p = 0.496). Conclusion: There is homogeneity in the treatment of hernia in these two hospitals in Togo.
基金supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation Youth Project(No.ZR2023QE075)the Open Project Program of Shandong Marine Aerospace Equipment Technological Innovation Center(No.MAETIC202210)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation Project(No.ZR2022ME145)。
文摘The oscillating hydrofoil represents a promising technology for harvesting energy from tidal currents.While previous research has primarily focused on oscillating hydrofoils utilizing a fully activated control strategy,the industry predominantly employs a semi-activated control strategy in existing tidal current energy converters.It is essential to identify the differences in predicted energy-harvesting performance between these two controlling strategies through experimental modeling or numerical studies.Furthermore,the suitability of the fully activated control strategy in predicting the energy-harvesting capabilities of oscillating hydrofoils is evaluated.The 2D numerical models of hydrofoil based on fully activated and semi-activated control strategies have been developed and validated.The amplitudes of heaving and pitching movements for the fully activated hydrofoil are determined to match those of the semi-activated hydrofoil.The results show that the main difference between the two control strategies lies in the phase shift occurring between the pitching and heaving motions.This phase shift affects the lift force and its coordination with the heaving velocity,which in turn affects the power output.Notably,the maximum relative efficiency difference obtained between the fully activated and semi-activated control strategies can reach 191%.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020QC022)the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY100900)+2 种基金the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(202401BC070001)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program:Yunling Scholar Project to Tingshuang Yithe open research project of“Cross Cooperative Team”of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
文摘The plastid genome(plastome)represents an indispensable molecular resource for studying plant phylogeny and evolution.Although plastome size is much smaller than that of nuclear genomes,accurately and efficientlyannotating and utilizing plastome sequences remain challenging.Therefore,a streamlined phylogenomic pipeline spanning plastome annotation,phylogenetic reconstruction and comparative genomics would greatly facilitate research utilizing this important organellar genome.Here,we develop PlastidHub,a novel web application employing innovative tools to analyze plastome sequences.In comparison with existing tools,key novel functionalities in PlastidHub include:(1)standardization of quadripartite structure;(2)improvement of annotation flexibility and consistency;(3)quantitative assessment of annotation completeness;(4)diverse extraction modes for canonical and specialized sequences;(5)intelligent screening of molecular markers for biodiversity studies;(6)genelevel visual comparison of structural variations and annotation completeness.PlastidHub features cloud-based web applications that do not require users to install,update,or maintain tools;detailed help documents including user guides,test examples,a static pop-up prompt box,and dynamic pop-up warning prompts when entering unreasonable parameter values;batch processing capabilities for all tools;intermediate results for secondary use;and easy-to-operate task flows between fileupload and download.A key feature of PlastidHub is its interrelated task-based user interface design.Give that PlastidHub is easy to use without specialized computational skills or resources,this new platform should be widely used among botanists and evolutionary biologists,improving and expediting research employing the plastome.PlastidHub is available at https://www.plastidhub.cn.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91858208,92358301)the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ 202203500),the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2019M663209)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(No.19lGPY100)。
文摘Bathymodiolus mussels distribute in both deep-sea cold seep and hydrothermal vent environments,whose endosymbiotic gill tissue is a prominent character for the adaptation of extreme habitats.However,few studies explored the adaptation mechanisms through comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis of different tissues between seep mussels and vent mussels.We performed the comparative transcriptome sequencing and analysis for three tissue types(gill,mantle,and adductor muscle)of Bathymodiolus mussels collected from a cold seeping site Station S 11 and the 50-km away hydrothermal field Minami-Ensei Knoll in the Okinawa Trough.Results show that gene expression patterns had distinct tissue specificity.Compared with the non-endosymbiotic tissues(mantle and adductor muscle),the significantly strengthened gene functions in endosymbiotic gill included microbial recognition(fibrinogen C domain-containing protein 1-B-like(fibcd),fibrinogen-related protein 8(frp),peptidoglycan recognition proteins(pgrp),and C-type lectin(clec)),cell apoptosis and immunity(interferon regulatory factor 1/2-like 1(ir f),cathepsin D(ctsd),caspase 2(casp 2)),and antioxidant capacity(copper/zinc superoxide dismutase(czsod),glutathione peroxidase(gpx),selenoprotein(sel)),in both seep and vent individuals.Consistent with metal accumulation,high expression levels of genes related to heavy metal detoxification(cytochrome P 450(cyp),ferritin-like(ftl),metallothionein(mt),glutathione S-transferase(gst))were also observed in gill.Moreover,to adapt to high hydrostatic pressure in the deep sea,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways associated with cellular community were significantly enriched in all three tissues,suggesting the regulation of cell structure and cell adhesion at transcriptional level.This study obtained gene expression profiles of deep-sea mussels subsisting at cold seep and hydrothermal vent sites,which could lay foundations for comprehensive investigations of molecular basis in adaptation of deep-sea mussels to the two extreme ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFD2100703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32394051 and U23A20259)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622013).
文摘Lactococcus lactis,a major starter culture in the dairy industry,has been widely applied in food fermentation.While current research has primarily focused on evaluating its role during fermentation,genomic investigations into its genetic diversity and functional adaptability remain limited.In this study,199 L.lactis strains isolated from Chinese traditional artisanal cheeses(72 bovine,71 goat,and 56 yak milk cheese isolates)were subjected to comparative genomic analysis.Genomic characteristic analysis indicated that bovine milk strains possess larger genomes and the highest number of unique genes.Functional characterization further demonstrated notable differences in carbohydrate metabolism among strains from different sources,with yak milk strains enriched in enzymes involved in complex polysaccharide degradation,including members of the carbohydrate esterases family.Moreover,strains from different sources exhibit distinct strategies for lactose hydrolysis and metabolic utilization,reflecting adaptive evolution to their specific nutritional niches.Analysis of the antibiotic resistance profile suggests that L.lactis predominantly harbors glycopeptide and lincosamide resistance genes,encompassing four distinct resistance mechanisms.Collectively,this study reveals the genetic diversity and adaptive evolution of L.lactis strains from different sources and identifies key genes associated with carbohydrate degradation,lactose metabolism,and antibiotic resistance,providing concrete genetic evidence for the selection of efficient and safe industrial fermentation strains.
文摘Although previous studies have analyzed the unique structural characteristics of the polar vortices on Earth,Venus,Mars,and Titan,the understanding of the polar vortices on Venus and Titan is primarily based on small-scale case studies due to the limited resolution and coverage of observational data.Conducting a detailed comparison of the polar vortex characteristics between the major terrestrial planets and Titan in the solar system is more challenging.In order to more finely compare the polar vortex characteristics of the main terrestrial planets in the solar system with Titan,we have achieved the optimal estimation of the polar vortices of Venus and Titan under existing conditions based on the advanced VCD2.3 and TitanWRF model.At the same time,combining ERA5 and EMARS databases,a detailed spatiotemporal comparison of polar vortex characteristics between terrestrial planets with atmospheres in the solar system and the most Earth-like Titan satellite was conducted for the first time.Here,we demonstrate that:(1)The circulation characteristics of Mars above the 1 mbar level are very similar to those at 1000 mbar in the lower layers of Titan,with seasonal variations of the same height.(2)In contrast to the vortex structure that is stably maintained in the lead direction in the polar regions of Mars and Earth during the winter,the time of occurrence of the peak vortex intensity at Titan and Venus is gradually shifted forward with increasing altitude.(3)When Venus undergoes vortex instability drift,the polar vortex at an altitude of 1 mbar breaks up into banded structures,a phenomenon that closely resembles the twisting deformation of PV structures during weak stratospheric polar vortex events on Earth.
文摘This paper conducts clustering,potential semantic indexing,comparison,and inductive analysis of research papers on marketing between China and the UK from January 2020 to September 2024.The study found that the Chinese marketing research focuses on digital transformation,policy impact,value co-creation,and emerging e-commerce models.In contrast,the UK marketing research focuses more on sustainability,technology integration,real-time research,and personalized marketing strategies.The study also found that there were few marketing articles published in Chinese and CSSCI journals in China,while the SSCI journals published in English were 62 times more than in Chinese.According to the research,digital marketing and data-driven decision-making,diversified marketing channels,sustainability and circular economy,technological innovation and cutting-edge technology application,meta-universe and blockchain technology,AI+marketing development,brand building,and international market expansion will become the research hotspots in the field of marketing in the future.The research suggests that China should strengthen the construction of an academic marketing platform,and China and the UK should strengthen cooperation in marketing research,learn from each other's strengths,and jointly give full play to their advantages in technology application,market and economy,strategy and innovation,and social media,to contribute to global economic development and marketing research.
文摘The rapid development and application of emerging information technologies,such as big data and artificial intelligence,facilitates the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles.Architecture is an important component of intelligent urban rail vehicles and a key factor in ensuring their reliable and safe operation on various routes.In this context,it is very important to select appropriate architecture design standards.The paper reviews the relevant design standards for architecture at home and abroad,comprehensively analyzes the standards that need to be compared and analyzed,and conducts comprehensive comparative analysis in the aspects of the scope of application,load conditions,vertical static load,lateral load,and evaluation methods of the standards.Finally,it draws a conclusion that the standard JIS E 4207:2019,Rolling stock—Bogie—General rules for design of bogie frame strength,can meet the requirements of strength design of welded bogie frame in intelligent urban rail vehicles.It proposes the suggestions on better validating this design method in future bench and line tests of products,in order to improve the design concept of bogie frame strength and provide reference and inspiration for promoting the development of intelligent urban rail vehicles in China.
文摘Non-tuberculous mycobacterial(NTM)pulmonary disease and pulmonary tuberculosis(TB)are mycobacterium-associated lung disorders that share overlapping clinical and radiological features,yet diverge significantly in pathogenic mechanisms,therapeutic regimens,and long-term prognoses.Traditional east Medicine(TCM)constitution theory,a foundational framework for personalized healthcare,exerts a pivotal influence on disease susceptibility,pathological progression,and clinical outcomes.This review synthesizes state-of-the-art clinical evidence to systematically dissect key discrepancies in TCM constitution distribution between the two conditions,focusing on three core dimensions:distinctive patterns of constitution type distribution,the interplay between constitution and clinical variables,and the clinical relevance of these constitutional differences.Its primary goal is to deliver rigorous theoretical support and actionable guidance for TCM-based differential diagnosis,syndrome-specific interventions,and preventive healthcare strategies for both diseases.
文摘The exchange and mutual appreciation of different cultures is an important topic in the context of globalization,and traditional patterns are the crystallization of the national cultures of various countries.The study focuses on the Ming Dynasty Mandarin square in ancient China and the Tudor Dynasty coat of arms during the same period in England.By using comparative research,case studies,and combining historical documents and images,the origins of the two types of decorations are traced,and their social connotations and influencing factors are analyzed.Research has shown that under the influence of the historical backgrounds of politics,economy,and culture,the two types of decorative patterns exhibit a realistic aesthetic trend.The cultural connotations not only demonstrate social narrative functions such as customs and rituals,but also reflect political system functions such as hierarchy and honor.The different historical origins give rise to cultural differences in the selection of decorative elements between the two.The comparative study of the two is not only beneficial for conducting decorative design research from a global perspective,but also can promote the modern inheritance of traditional patterns while seeking common ground and reserving differences.
文摘Based on the Etihad Railway Station Project,this study selects a single-span frame bridge with a clear span of 7.3 meters as the research object.A comprehensive structural design process was conducted following the AREMA(2023),Manual for Railway Engineering-Volume 2-Structures,with systematic comparisons of techno-economic differences between the Chinese and American codes through recalculation verification and equivalent-precision design methods.The findings reveal:Recalculation using the Chinese code for identical structural dimensions and reinforcement layouts demonstrates that AREMA code exhibits greater conservatism in both strength requirements and crack control;Under equivalent precision design principles,the Chinese code solution reduces reinforcement by 4.128 t tons and a 19.5%reduction in reinforcement at critical sections compared to the AREMA code,indicating slightly reduced economic efficiency of the AREMA code.This research provides quantitative references for standardized design and specification integration in cross-border railway engineering projects.
文摘Objective To discuss the flexible supervision and communication mode in the post-approval change(PAC)of drugs,to explore how to ensure the quality and availability of drugs during the changes,and to provide some suggestions and reference for promoting the timely marketing of drugs.Methods Based on the comparability protocol guidelines issued by the US FDA in October 2022,the regulatory status quo of PAC between China and the US was compared to explore the feasibility of implementing comparability protocols in China.Results and Conclusion According to the specific situation of post-approval of drug change supervision,some suggestions were put forward to optimize the PAC management procedure,such as establishing the communication pathways between holders and health authorities,publishing relevant guidance and strengthening training,so as to provide reference for the implementation of comparability protocols in China.
