As electronic devices continue to evolve toward higher power densities,faster speeds,and smaller form factors,the demand for high-performance electronic packaging materials has become increasingly critical.These mater...As electronic devices continue to evolve toward higher power densities,faster speeds,and smaller form factors,the demand for high-performance electronic packaging materials has become increasingly critical.These materials serve as the physical and functional interface between semiconductor components and their operating environment,impacting the overall reliability,thermal management,mechanical protection,and electrical performance of modern electronic systems.This study investigates the development,formulation,and performance evaluation of advanced packaging materials,focusing on polymer-based composites,metal and ceramic matrix systems,and nanomaterial-enhanced formulations.A comprehensive analysis of key performance metrics-including thermal conductivity,electrical insulation,mechanical robustness,and environmental resistance-is presented,alongside strategies for material optimization through interface engineering and processing innovations.Furthermore,the study explores cutting-edge integration technologies such as 3D packaging compatibility,low-temperature co-firing,and high-density interconnects.The findings provide critical insights into the structure-property-processing relationships that define the effectiveness of next-generation packaging materials and offer a roadmap for material selection and system integration in high-reliability electronic applications.展开更多
Enhancing the mechanical properties is crucial for polyimide films,but the mechanical properties(Young's modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break)mutually constrain each other,complicating simultaneous enh...Enhancing the mechanical properties is crucial for polyimide films,but the mechanical properties(Young's modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break)mutually constrain each other,complicating simultaneous enhancement via traditional trial-and-error methods.In this work,we proposed a materials genome approach to design and screen phenylethynyl-terminated polyimides for films with enhanced mechani-cal properties.We first established machine learning models to predict Young's modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break to explore the chemical space containing thousands of candidate structures.The accuracies of the machine learning models were verified by molecular dynamics simulations on screened polyimides and experimental testing on three representative polyimide films.The performance advantages of the best-selected polyimides were analyzed by comparing well-known polyimides based on molecular dynamics simulations,and the structural rationale was revealed by"gene"analysis and feature importance evaluation.This work provides a cost-effective strategy for designing polyimide films withenhancedmechanical properties.展开更多
Silicon-air(Si-air)batteries have received significant attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and safety profile.However,the actual energy density of the Si-air battery remains significantly lower th...Silicon-air(Si-air)batteries have received significant attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and safety profile.However,the actual energy density of the Si-air battery remains significantly lower than the theoretical value,primarily due to corrosion issues and passivation.This study used various metal-organic framework(MOF)materials,such as MIL-53(Al),MIL-88(Fe),and MIL-101(Cr),to modify Si anodes.The MOFs were fabricated to have different morphologies,particle sizes,and pore sizes by altering their central metal nodes and ligands.This approach aimed to modulate the adsorption behavior of H_(2)O,SiO_(2),and OH^(−),thereby mitigating corrosion and passivation reactions.Under a constant current of 150μA,Si-air batteries with MIL-53(Al)@Si,MIL-88(Fe)@Si,and MIL-101(Cr)@Si as anodes demonstrated lifetimes of 293,412,and 336 h,respectively,surpassing the 276 h observed with pristine silicon anodes.Among these composite anodes,MIL-88(Fe)@Si displayed the best performance due to its superior hydrophobicity and optimal pore size,which enhance OH^(−)migration.This study offers a promising strategy for enhancing Si-air battery performance by developing an anodic protective layer with selective screening properties.展开更多
Heat dissipation and thermal switches are vital for adaptive cooling and extending the lifespan of electronic devices and batteries. In this work, we conducted high-throughput investigations on the thermal transport o...Heat dissipation and thermal switches are vital for adaptive cooling and extending the lifespan of electronic devices and batteries. In this work, we conducted high-throughput investigations on the thermal transport of 24 experimentally realized two-dimensional(2D) materials and their potential as thermal switches, leveraging machine-learning-assisted strain engineering and phonon transport simulations. We identified several highperformance thermal switches with ratios exceeding 2, with germanene(Ge) achieving an ultrahigh ratio of up to9.64 within the reversible deformation range. The underlying mechanism is strain-induced bond softening, which sensitively affects anharmonicity represented by three-and four-phonon scattering. The widespread occurrence of four-phonon scattering was confirmed in the thermal transport of 2D materials. Opposite switching trends were discovered, with 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials showing negative responses to tensile strain while buckled 2D elemental materials showed positive responses. We further proposed a screening descriptor based on strain-induced changes in the Gr¨uneisen parameter for efficiently identifying new high-performance thermal switch materials. This work establishes a paradigm for thermal energy control in 2D materials through strain engineering, which may be experimentally realized in the future via bending, substrate mismatch, and related approaches, thereby laying a robust foundation for further developments and applications.展开更多
Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement ...Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.展开更多
The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials off...The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.展开更多
Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials,highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems,such as laser-based techniques.Over the past decade...Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials,highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems,such as laser-based techniques.Over the past decade,lasers have emerged as a promising solution,providing focused energy beams for controllable,efficient,and reliable ignition in the field of energetic materials.This study presents a comparative analysis of two state-of-the-art ignition approaches:direct laser ignition and laser-driven flyer ignition.Experiments were performed using a Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet(Nd:YAG)laser at different energy beam levels to systematically evaluate ignition onset.In the direct laser ignition test setup,the laser beam was applied directly to the energetic tested material,while laserdriven flyer ignition utilized 40 and 100μm aluminum foils,propelled at velocities ranging from 300 to 1250 m/s.Comparative analysis with the Lawrence and Trott model substantiated the velocity data and provided insight into the ignition mechanisms.Experimental results indicate that the ignition time for the laser-driven flyer method was significantly shorter,with the pyrotechnic composition achieving complete combustion faster compared to direct laser ignition.Moreover,precise ignition thresholds were determined for both methods,providing critical parameters for optimizing ignition systems in energetic materials.This work elucidates the advantages and limitations of each technique while advancing next-generation ignition technology,enhancing the reliability and safety of propulsion systems.展开更多
Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.B...Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batte...The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.However,its poor cycling,owing to highpressure phase transitions,is one of its disadvantages.In this study,Cu/Ti was introduced into NFM111 cathode material using a solidphase method.Through both theoretically and experimentally,this study found that Cu doping provides a higher redox potential in NFM111,improving its reversible capacity and charge compensation process.The introduction of Ti would enhance the cycling stability of the material,smooth its charge and discharge curves,and suppress its high-voltage phase transitions.Accordingly,the NaNi_(0.27)Fe_(0.28)Mn_(0.33)Cu_(0.05)Ti_(0.06)O_(2)sample used in the study exhibited a remarkable rate performance of 142.97 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C(2.0-4.2 V)and an excellent capacity retention of 72.81%after 300 cycles at 1C(1C=150 mA·g^(-1)).展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical ...High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.展开更多
A novel porous silicon was synthesized through a magnesiothermic reduction method of molecular sieve for the first time, Si/C composite was synthesized by using pitch as carbon source. The porous Si/C composite shows ...A novel porous silicon was synthesized through a magnesiothermic reduction method of molecular sieve for the first time, Si/C composite was synthesized by using pitch as carbon source. The porous Si/C composite shows a high initial specific capacity of 2018.5 mAh/g with current density of 0.1 A/g. When the current density increases to 2 A/g, it still exhibits high average specific capacity of 640.3 mAh/g. The porous structure can remit the Si particle pulverization during the lithiation]delithiation process. This article can provide a reference for the research of the porous Si anode for the high performance rechargeable lithium-ion battery.展开更多
Na-ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and the natural abundance of Na resource. Great effort is making worldwide to de...Na-ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and the natural abundance of Na resource. Great effort is making worldwide to develop high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries,which is critical for Na-ion batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of anode materials for Na-ion batteries based on Na-storage mechanism： insertion-based materials, alloy-based materials, conversion-based materials and organic composites. And we summarize the Nastorage mechanism of those anode materials and discuss their failure mechanism. Furthermore, the problems and challenges associated with those anodes are pointed out,and feasible strategies are proposed for designing highperformance anode materials. According to the current state of research, the search for suitable anode materials for Na-ion batteries is still challenging although substantial progress has been achieved. Nevertheless, we believe that high-performance Na-ion batteries would be promising for practical applications in large-scale energy storage systems in the near future.展开更多
The utilization of lunar regolith for construction on the lunar surface presents a critical challenge in-situ resource utilization.This study proposes a lunar regolith manufacturing method that uses a high-performance...The utilization of lunar regolith for construction on the lunar surface presents a critical challenge in-situ resource utilization.This study proposes a lunar regolith manufacturing method that uses a high-performance resin binder characterized by a high regolith content and strong forming capabilities.A combined resin material with both thermosetting and photosetting properties was developed and mixed with lunar regolith to create a slurry.This slurry can be directly molded or additively extruded into green bodies with specific structures.These green bodies can self-cure under the high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation experienced during the lunar day,reducing energy consumption and fulfilling the requirements of lunar construction.The material-forming processes and effects of various additive types and concentrations,regolith mass ratios,and processing parameters on the properties of the slurry and the formed specimens were thoroughly investigated.The mechanical performance and microstructure of the fabricated samples were analyzed.The lunar regolith mass ratio reached 90 wt%(approximately 79 vol%),with the highest compressive strengths exceeding 60 MPa for cast specimens and 30 MPa for printed samples.This technology shows significant potential for enabling in-situ lunar regolith-based construction in future lunar missions.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIB s) have been gaining increasing interest for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety,good rate capability,and low cost.However,the further developme...Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIB s) have been gaining increasing interest for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety,good rate capability,and low cost.However,the further development of ZIB s is impeded by two main challenges:Currently reported cathode materials usually suffer from rapid capacity fading or high toxicity,and meanwhile,unstable zinc stripping/plating on Zn anode seriously shortens the cycling life of ZIBs.In this paper,metal-organic framework(MOF) materials are proposed to simultaneously address these issues and realize high-performance ZIB s with Mn(BTC) MOF cathodes and ZIF-8-coated Zn(ZIF-8@Zn) anodes.Various MOF materials were synthesized,and Mn(BTC) MOF was found to exhibit the best Zn^2+-storage ability with a capacity of 112 mAh g^-1.Zn^2+ storage mechanism of the Mn(BTC) was carefully studied.Besides,ZIF-8@Zn anodes were prepared by coating ZIF-8 MOF material on Zn foils.Unique porous structure of the ZIF-8 coating guided uniform Zn stripping/plating on the surface of Zn anodes.As a result,the ZIF-8@Zn anodes exhibited stable Zn stripping/plating behaviors,with 8 times longer cycle life than bare Zn foils.Based on the above,high-performance aqueous ZIBs were constructed using the Mn(BTC) cathodes and the ZIF-8@Zn anodes,which displayed an excellent long-cycling stability without obvious capacity fading after 900 charge/discharge cycles.This work provides a new opportunity for high-performance energy storage system.展开更多
The realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutralization”highly depends on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources.Exploring reliable and low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems is an ever-gr...The realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutralization”highly depends on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources.Exploring reliable and low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems is an ever-growing demand for renewable energy integration.Among available candidates,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)receive extensive researchers'attention because of their material abundance,high capacity,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,the irreversible issues of Zn anode in terms of notorious dendric Zn growth,Zn corrosion/hydrogen evolution,and passivation significantly impede the commercialization of high-performance AZIBs.Carbon materials have advantages of large specific surface area,low cost,high electrical conductivity,controllable structure,and good stability.Their application provides remedies for improving the comprehensive performance of Zn anodes.In this review,the fundamentals and issues of Zn anodes,and the research progress with functional carbon materials for Zn anodes in recent years are presented.Three major strategies are described in detail,including the use of carbon materials(carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon fiber,metal-organic framework(MOF)derived host,etc.)as Zn plating/stripping substrates,as protective coating layers on Zn,and as electrolyte additives.Finally,the remaining challenges and perspectives of carbon materials in high-performance AZIBs are outlined.展开更多
Supercapacitors are favorable energy storage devices in the field of emerging energy technologies with high power density,excellent cycle stability and environmental benignity.The performance of supercapacitors is def...Supercapacitors are favorable energy storage devices in the field of emerging energy technologies with high power density,excellent cycle stability and environmental benignity.The performance of supercapacitors is definitively influenced by the electrode materials.Nickel sulfides have attracted extensive interest in recent years due to their specific merits for supercapacitor application.However,the distribution of electrochemically active sites critically limits their electrochemical performance.Notable improvements have been achieved through various strategies such as building synergetic structures with conductive substrates,enhancing the active sites by nanocrystallization and constructing nanohybrid architecture with other electrode materials.This article overviews the progress in the reasonable design and preparation of nickel sulfides and their composite electrodes combined with various bifunctional electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC)-based substances(e.g.,graphene,hollow carbon)and pseudocapacitive materials(e.g.,transition-metal oxides,sulfides,nitrides).Moreover,the corresponding electrochemical performances,reaction mechanisms,emerging challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed and summarized.展开更多
Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(...Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for commercial use owing to their higher theoretical energy density and lower cost compared to those of LIBs.However,LSBs are still beset with some persistent issues that prevent them from being used industrially,such as the unavoidable dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during electrochemical reactions and large volume expansion(up to 80%)upon the formation of Li_(2)S,resulting in serious battery life and safety limitations.In the process of solving these problems,it is necessary to maintain a high sulfur content in the cathode materials to ensure that the LSBs have high energy densities and excellent cycle performance.In this review,the novel preparation methods and cathode materials used for preparing LSBs in recent years are reviewed considering the sulfur content and cycle performance.In addition,the problems and difficulties in practically applying cathode materials are described,and the development trend is discussed.展开更多
Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as one of the most promising replacements for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and high performance.Exploring suitable anode materials to stably and effectively...Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as one of the most promising replacements for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and high performance.Exploring suitable anode materials to stably and effectively store potassium is critical for the development of KIBs.Given their high theoretical specific capacity,cobalt-based compounds have been extensively investigated as an anode material in recent years;however,specific reviews summarizing the research progress in the application of cobaltbased compounds as anode materials for high-performance KIBs are lacking.Consequently,this review systematically summarizes the recent states of cobalt-based anode materials in KIBs starting at the potassium storage mechanism,followed by strategies and applications to improve the electrochemical performance.The current challenges are also discussed,and corresponding prospects are proposed.This work may facilitate the realization of various applications of cobalt-based compound anodes for highperformance rechargeable batteries and is expected to provide some guidance for developing other metal-based compounds for KIBs anodes.展开更多
Two novel asymmetric organic small molecules of IT(2FBT-T3Cz)_2and IT(2FBT-TT3Cz)_2with an indenothiophene(IT)central donor core,fluorinated benzothiadiazole(2FBT)as acceptor and 3-carbazole(Cz)unit as terminal group ...Two novel asymmetric organic small molecules of IT(2FBT-T3Cz)_2and IT(2FBT-TT3Cz)_2with an indenothiophene(IT)central donor core,fluorinated benzothiadiazole(2FBT)as acceptor and 3-carbazole(Cz)unit as terminal group were designed and synthesized as the donor materials in organic solar cells(OSCs).The thermal,optical absorption,electrochemical property,hole–electron mobility,film morphology were thoroughly studied.Using PC_(71)BM as an electron acceptor,without any additive and thermal annealing(TA)treatment,the IT(2FBT-T3Cz)_2-based cells showed a promising power conversion efficiency(PCE)of5.81%and the IT(2FBT-TT3Cz)_2-based cells exhibited a PCE of 4.39%.Our results demonstrate that the IT-based asymmetric small molecules can be developed as a promising class of donor materials for highperformance OSCs.展开更多
Alkaline zinc manganese dioxide（Zn–MnO2）batteries are widely used in everyday life. Recycling of waste alkaline Zn–MnO2 batteries has always been a hot environmental concern. In this study, a simple and costeffect...Alkaline zinc manganese dioxide（Zn–MnO2）batteries are widely used in everyday life. Recycling of waste alkaline Zn–MnO2 batteries has always been a hot environmental concern. In this study, a simple and costeffective process for synthesizing Mn3O4/carbon nanotube（CNT） nanocomposites from recycled alkaline Zn–MnO2 batteries is presented. Manganese oxide was recovered from spent Zn–MnO2 battery cathodes. The Mn3O4/CNT nanocomposites were produced by ball milling the recovered manganese oxide in a commercial multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） solution. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analysis demonstrates that the nanocomposite has a unique three-dimensional（3D） bird nest structure. Mn3O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on MWCNT framework. Mn3O4/CNT nanocomposites were evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, exhibiting a highly reversible specific capacitance of -580 mA h·g^-1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, Mn3O4/CNT nanocomposite also shows a fairly positive onset potential of -0.15 V and quite high oxygen reducibility when considered as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.展开更多
文摘As electronic devices continue to evolve toward higher power densities,faster speeds,and smaller form factors,the demand for high-performance electronic packaging materials has become increasingly critical.These materials serve as the physical and functional interface between semiconductor components and their operating environment,impacting the overall reliability,thermal management,mechanical protection,and electrical performance of modern electronic systems.This study investigates the development,formulation,and performance evaluation of advanced packaging materials,focusing on polymer-based composites,metal and ceramic matrix systems,and nanomaterial-enhanced formulations.A comprehensive analysis of key performance metrics-including thermal conductivity,electrical insulation,mechanical robustness,and environmental resistance-is presented,alongside strategies for material optimization through interface engineering and processing innovations.Furthermore,the study explores cutting-edge integration technologies such as 3D packaging compatibility,low-temperature co-firing,and high-density interconnects.The findings provide critical insights into the structure-property-processing relationships that define the effectiveness of next-generation packaging materials and offer a roadmap for material selection and system integration in high-reliability electronic applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3707302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52394271 , 52394270).
文摘Enhancing the mechanical properties is crucial for polyimide films,but the mechanical properties(Young's modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break)mutually constrain each other,complicating simultaneous enhancement via traditional trial-and-error methods.In this work,we proposed a materials genome approach to design and screen phenylethynyl-terminated polyimides for films with enhanced mechani-cal properties.We first established machine learning models to predict Young's modulus,tensile strength,and elongation at break to explore the chemical space containing thousands of candidate structures.The accuracies of the machine learning models were verified by molecular dynamics simulations on screened polyimides and experimental testing on three representative polyimide films.The performance advantages of the best-selected polyimides were analyzed by comparing well-known polyimides based on molecular dynamics simulations,and the structural rationale was revealed by"gene"analysis and feature importance evaluation.This work provides a cost-effective strategy for designing polyimide films withenhancedmechanical properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62464010)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents (K202005007)+3 种基金the Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents (XDYC-QNRC-2022-0482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects (202101BA070001-138)Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Educationthe Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023
文摘Silicon-air(Si-air)batteries have received significant attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and safety profile.However,the actual energy density of the Si-air battery remains significantly lower than the theoretical value,primarily due to corrosion issues and passivation.This study used various metal-organic framework(MOF)materials,such as MIL-53(Al),MIL-88(Fe),and MIL-101(Cr),to modify Si anodes.The MOFs were fabricated to have different morphologies,particle sizes,and pore sizes by altering their central metal nodes and ligands.This approach aimed to modulate the adsorption behavior of H_(2)O,SiO_(2),and OH^(−),thereby mitigating corrosion and passivation reactions.Under a constant current of 150μA,Si-air batteries with MIL-53(Al)@Si,MIL-88(Fe)@Si,and MIL-101(Cr)@Si as anodes demonstrated lifetimes of 293,412,and 336 h,respectively,surpassing the 276 h observed with pristine silicon anodes.Among these composite anodes,MIL-88(Fe)@Si displayed the best performance due to its superior hydrophobicity and optimal pore size,which enhance OH^(−)migration.This study offers a promising strategy for enhancing Si-air battery performance by developing an anodic protective layer with selective screening properties.
基金supported bythe Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.24CL2901702)The numerical calculations were performed at the Supercomputer Center (Project No.2024-Cb-0042)Institute for Solid State Physics,the University of Tokyo。
文摘Heat dissipation and thermal switches are vital for adaptive cooling and extending the lifespan of electronic devices and batteries. In this work, we conducted high-throughput investigations on the thermal transport of 24 experimentally realized two-dimensional(2D) materials and their potential as thermal switches, leveraging machine-learning-assisted strain engineering and phonon transport simulations. We identified several highperformance thermal switches with ratios exceeding 2, with germanene(Ge) achieving an ultrahigh ratio of up to9.64 within the reversible deformation range. The underlying mechanism is strain-induced bond softening, which sensitively affects anharmonicity represented by three-and four-phonon scattering. The widespread occurrence of four-phonon scattering was confirmed in the thermal transport of 2D materials. Opposite switching trends were discovered, with 2D transition metal dichalcogenide materials showing negative responses to tensile strain while buckled 2D elemental materials showed positive responses. We further proposed a screening descriptor based on strain-induced changes in the Gr¨uneisen parameter for efficiently identifying new high-performance thermal switch materials. This work establishes a paradigm for thermal energy control in 2D materials through strain engineering, which may be experimentally realized in the future via bending, substrate mismatch, and related approaches, thereby laying a robust foundation for further developments and applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52242305).
文摘Cement stands as a dominant contributor to global energy consumption and carbon emissions in the construction industry.With the upgrading of infrastructure and the improvement of building standards,traditional cement fails to reconcile ecological responsibility with advanced functional performance.By incorporating tailored fillers into cement matrices,the resulting composites achieve enhanced thermoelectric(TE)conversion capabilities.These materials can harness solar radiation from building envelopes and recover waste heat from indoor thermal gradients,facilitating bidirectional energy conversion.This review offers a comprehensive and timely overview of cementbased thermoelectric materials(CTEMs),integrating material design,device fabrication,and diverse applications into a holistic perspective.It summarizes recent advancements in TE performance enhancement,encompassing fillers optimization and matrices innovation.Additionally,the review consolidates fabrication strategies and performance evaluations of cement-based thermoelectric devices(CTEDs),providing detailed discussions on their roles in monitoring and protection,energy harvesting,and smart building.We also address sustainability,durability,and lifecycle considerations of CTEMs,which are essential for real-world deployment.Finally,we outline future research directions in materials design,device engineering,and scalable manufacturing to foster the practical application of CTEMs in sustainable and intelligent infrastructure.
基金supported by the IITP(Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation)-ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) grant funded by the Korea government(Ministry of Science and ICT) (IITP-2025-RS-2024-00437191, and RS-2025-02303505)partly supported by the Korea Basic Science Institute (National Research Facilities and Equipment Center) grant funded by the Ministry of Education. (No. 2022R1A6C101A774)the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia, through Large Research Project under grant number RGP-2/527/46
文摘The growing global energy demand and worsening climate change highlight the urgent need for clean,efficient and sustainable energy solutions.Among emerging technologies,atomically thin two-dimensional(2D)materials offer unique advantages in photovoltaics due to their tunable optoelectronic properties,high surface area and efficient charge transport capabilities.This review explores recent progress in photovoltaics incorporating 2D materials,focusing on their application as hole and electron transport layers to optimize bandgap alignment,enhance carrier mobility and improve chemical stability.A comprehensive analysis is presented on perovskite solar cells utilizing 2D materials,with a particular focus on strategies to enhance crystallization,passivate defects and improve overall cell efficiency.Additionally,the application of 2D materials in organic solar cells is examined,particularly for reducing recombination losses and enhancing charge extraction through work function modification.Their impact on dye-sensitized solar cells,including catalytic activity and counter electrode performance,is also explored.Finally,the review outlines key challenges,material limitations and performance metrics,offering insight into the future development of nextgeneration photovoltaic devices encouraged by 2D materials.
文摘Conventional ignition methods are proving to be ineffective for low-sensitivity energetic materials,highlighting the need to investigate alternative ignition systems,such as laser-based techniques.Over the past decade,lasers have emerged as a promising solution,providing focused energy beams for controllable,efficient,and reliable ignition in the field of energetic materials.This study presents a comparative analysis of two state-of-the-art ignition approaches:direct laser ignition and laser-driven flyer ignition.Experiments were performed using a Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet(Nd:YAG)laser at different energy beam levels to systematically evaluate ignition onset.In the direct laser ignition test setup,the laser beam was applied directly to the energetic tested material,while laserdriven flyer ignition utilized 40 and 100μm aluminum foils,propelled at velocities ranging from 300 to 1250 m/s.Comparative analysis with the Lawrence and Trott model substantiated the velocity data and provided insight into the ignition mechanisms.Experimental results indicate that the ignition time for the laser-driven flyer method was significantly shorter,with the pyrotechnic composition achieving complete combustion faster compared to direct laser ignition.Moreover,precise ignition thresholds were determined for both methods,providing critical parameters for optimizing ignition systems in energetic materials.This work elucidates the advantages and limitations of each technique while advancing next-generation ignition technology,enhancing the reliability and safety of propulsion systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276196)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion(FSKLCCA2508)the High-level Talent Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University(rc412307).
文摘Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.
基金supported by the Low-Cost Long-Life Batteries program,China(No.WL-24-08-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279007)。
文摘The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.However,its poor cycling,owing to highpressure phase transitions,is one of its disadvantages.In this study,Cu/Ti was introduced into NFM111 cathode material using a solidphase method.Through both theoretically and experimentally,this study found that Cu doping provides a higher redox potential in NFM111,improving its reversible capacity and charge compensation process.The introduction of Ti would enhance the cycling stability of the material,smooth its charge and discharge curves,and suppress its high-voltage phase transitions.Accordingly,the NaNi_(0.27)Fe_(0.28)Mn_(0.33)Cu_(0.05)Ti_(0.06)O_(2)sample used in the study exhibited a remarkable rate performance of 142.97 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C(2.0-4.2 V)and an excellent capacity retention of 72.81%after 300 cycles at 1C(1C=150 mA·g^(-1)).
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2022HZ027006,No.2024HZ021023)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20118).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.
基金supported by "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities" (Nos.53200859564 and 53200859035)
文摘A novel porous silicon was synthesized through a magnesiothermic reduction method of molecular sieve for the first time, Si/C composite was synthesized by using pitch as carbon source. The porous Si/C composite shows a high initial specific capacity of 2018.5 mAh/g with current density of 0.1 A/g. When the current density increases to 2 A/g, it still exhibits high average specific capacity of 640.3 mAh/g. The porous structure can remit the Si particle pulverization during the lithiation]delithiation process. This article can provide a reference for the research of the porous Si anode for the high performance rechargeable lithium-ion battery.
基金financially supported by the Fund for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.NSFC51621001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51671089)+1 种基金Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (No.2017B030306004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2017ZD011)
文摘Na-ion batteries are considered a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage systems due to their low cost and the natural abundance of Na resource. Great effort is making worldwide to develop high-performance electrode materials for Na-ion batteries,which is critical for Na-ion batteries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of anode materials for Na-ion batteries based on Na-storage mechanism： insertion-based materials, alloy-based materials, conversion-based materials and organic composites. And we summarize the Nastorage mechanism of those anode materials and discuss their failure mechanism. Furthermore, the problems and challenges associated with those anodes are pointed out,and feasible strategies are proposed for designing highperformance anode materials. According to the current state of research, the search for suitable anode materials for Na-ion batteries is still challenging although substantial progress has been achieved. Nevertheless, we believe that high-performance Na-ion batteries would be promising for practical applications in large-scale energy storage systems in the near future.
基金supported by International Partnership Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.310GJH2024010GC)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52005479)the China Building Materials Federation(Grant No.2023JBGS0401)。
文摘The utilization of lunar regolith for construction on the lunar surface presents a critical challenge in-situ resource utilization.This study proposes a lunar regolith manufacturing method that uses a high-performance resin binder characterized by a high regolith content and strong forming capabilities.A combined resin material with both thermosetting and photosetting properties was developed and mixed with lunar regolith to create a slurry.This slurry can be directly molded or additively extruded into green bodies with specific structures.These green bodies can self-cure under the high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation experienced during the lunar day,reducing energy consumption and fulfilling the requirements of lunar construction.The material-forming processes and effects of various additive types and concentrations,regolith mass ratios,and processing parameters on the properties of the slurry and the formed specimens were thoroughly investigated.The mechanical performance and microstructure of the fabricated samples were analyzed.The lunar regolith mass ratio reached 90 wt%(approximately 79 vol%),with the highest compressive strengths exceeding 60 MPa for cast specimens and 30 MPa for printed samples.This technology shows significant potential for enabling in-situ lunar regolith-based construction in future lunar missions.
基金the financial supports from International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (No. 2016YFE0102200)Shenzhen Technical Plan Project (No. JCYJ20160301154114273)+1 种基金National Key Basic Research (973) Program of China (No. 2014CB932400)Local Innovative and Research Teams Project of Guangdong Pearl River Talents Program (2017BT01N111)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIB s) have been gaining increasing interest for large-scale energy storage applications due to their high safety,good rate capability,and low cost.However,the further development of ZIB s is impeded by two main challenges:Currently reported cathode materials usually suffer from rapid capacity fading or high toxicity,and meanwhile,unstable zinc stripping/plating on Zn anode seriously shortens the cycling life of ZIBs.In this paper,metal-organic framework(MOF) materials are proposed to simultaneously address these issues and realize high-performance ZIB s with Mn(BTC) MOF cathodes and ZIF-8-coated Zn(ZIF-8@Zn) anodes.Various MOF materials were synthesized,and Mn(BTC) MOF was found to exhibit the best Zn^2+-storage ability with a capacity of 112 mAh g^-1.Zn^2+ storage mechanism of the Mn(BTC) was carefully studied.Besides,ZIF-8@Zn anodes were prepared by coating ZIF-8 MOF material on Zn foils.Unique porous structure of the ZIF-8 coating guided uniform Zn stripping/plating on the surface of Zn anodes.As a result,the ZIF-8@Zn anodes exhibited stable Zn stripping/plating behaviors,with 8 times longer cycle life than bare Zn foils.Based on the above,high-performance aqueous ZIBs were constructed using the Mn(BTC) cathodes and the ZIF-8@Zn anodes,which displayed an excellent long-cycling stability without obvious capacity fading after 900 charge/discharge cycles.This work provides a new opportunity for high-performance energy storage system.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872090,51772097,and 22075067)the Hebei Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar(E2019209433)+3 种基金the Youth Talent Program of Hebei Provincial Education Department(BJ2018020)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2020209151 and B2020201001)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2021QNRC001)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(SLRC2019028)。
文摘The realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutralization”highly depends on the efficient utilization of renewable energy sources.Exploring reliable and low-cost electrochemical energy storage systems is an ever-growing demand for renewable energy integration.Among available candidates,aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)receive extensive researchers'attention because of their material abundance,high capacity,high safety,and environmental friendliness.However,the irreversible issues of Zn anode in terms of notorious dendric Zn growth,Zn corrosion/hydrogen evolution,and passivation significantly impede the commercialization of high-performance AZIBs.Carbon materials have advantages of large specific surface area,low cost,high electrical conductivity,controllable structure,and good stability.Their application provides remedies for improving the comprehensive performance of Zn anodes.In this review,the fundamentals and issues of Zn anodes,and the research progress with functional carbon materials for Zn anodes in recent years are presented.Three major strategies are described in detail,including the use of carbon materials(carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon fiber,metal-organic framework(MOF)derived host,etc.)as Zn plating/stripping substrates,as protective coating layers on Zn,and as electrolyte additives.Finally,the remaining challenges and perspectives of carbon materials in high-performance AZIBs are outlined.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51302079,51702138 and 51403193)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2017JJ1008)the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province of China(No.2018GK2031)。
文摘Supercapacitors are favorable energy storage devices in the field of emerging energy technologies with high power density,excellent cycle stability and environmental benignity.The performance of supercapacitors is definitively influenced by the electrode materials.Nickel sulfides have attracted extensive interest in recent years due to their specific merits for supercapacitor application.However,the distribution of electrochemically active sites critically limits their electrochemical performance.Notable improvements have been achieved through various strategies such as building synergetic structures with conductive substrates,enhancing the active sites by nanocrystallization and constructing nanohybrid architecture with other electrode materials.This article overviews the progress in the reasonable design and preparation of nickel sulfides and their composite electrodes combined with various bifunctional electric double-layer capacitor(EDLC)-based substances(e.g.,graphene,hollow carbon)and pseudocapacitive materials(e.g.,transition-metal oxides,sulfides,nitrides).Moreover,the corresponding electrochemical performances,reaction mechanisms,emerging challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed and summarized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52103093)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2021QNRC001)+2 种基金the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212BAB214048)Science and Technology Support Project of Shangrao(2020L009,2021J006)Science and Technological Project of Education Department of Jiangxi(GJJ211704)for funding their contributions to this paper。
文摘Lithium sulfur batteries(LSBs)are recognized as promising devices for developing next-generation energy storage systems.In addition,they are attractive rechargeable battery systems for replacing lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)for commercial use owing to their higher theoretical energy density and lower cost compared to those of LIBs.However,LSBs are still beset with some persistent issues that prevent them from being used industrially,such as the unavoidable dissolution of lithium polysulfide intermediates during electrochemical reactions and large volume expansion(up to 80%)upon the formation of Li_(2)S,resulting in serious battery life and safety limitations.In the process of solving these problems,it is necessary to maintain a high sulfur content in the cathode materials to ensure that the LSBs have high energy densities and excellent cycle performance.In this review,the novel preparation methods and cathode materials used for preparing LSBs in recent years are reviewed considering the sulfur content and cycle performance.In addition,the problems and difficulties in practically applying cathode materials are described,and the development trend is discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22008053 and 52002111)Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(Nos.20310601D and 205A4401D)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2021208061)the High Level Talents Funding of Hebei Province(No.A202005006)the Science Foundation of University of Hebei Province(Nos.BJ2020026 and BJ2021001)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC2008014)。
文摘Potassium-ion batteries(KIBs)are regarded as one of the most promising replacements for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost and high performance.Exploring suitable anode materials to stably and effectively store potassium is critical for the development of KIBs.Given their high theoretical specific capacity,cobalt-based compounds have been extensively investigated as an anode material in recent years;however,specific reviews summarizing the research progress in the application of cobaltbased compounds as anode materials for high-performance KIBs are lacking.Consequently,this review systematically summarizes the recent states of cobalt-based anode materials in KIBs starting at the potassium storage mechanism,followed by strategies and applications to improve the electrochemical performance.The current challenges are also discussed,and corresponding prospects are proposed.This work may facilitate the realization of various applications of cobalt-based compound anodes for highperformance rechargeable batteries and is expected to provide some guidance for developing other metal-based compounds for KIBs anodes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51403178, 51573154)the Project of Hunan Natural Science Foundation (2018JJ2391, 2015JJ3113)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (14C1099, YB2015B025, 13A102)
文摘Two novel asymmetric organic small molecules of IT(2FBT-T3Cz)_2and IT(2FBT-TT3Cz)_2with an indenothiophene(IT)central donor core,fluorinated benzothiadiazole(2FBT)as acceptor and 3-carbazole(Cz)unit as terminal group were designed and synthesized as the donor materials in organic solar cells(OSCs).The thermal,optical absorption,electrochemical property,hole–electron mobility,film morphology were thoroughly studied.Using PC_(71)BM as an electron acceptor,without any additive and thermal annealing(TA)treatment,the IT(2FBT-T3Cz)_2-based cells showed a promising power conversion efficiency(PCE)of5.81%and the IT(2FBT-TT3Cz)_2-based cells exhibited a PCE of 4.39%.Our results demonstrate that the IT-based asymmetric small molecules can be developed as a promising class of donor materials for highperformance OSCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21671096 and 21603094)the Shenzhen Peacock Plan(No.KQCX2014052215 0815065)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen(Nos.JCYJ20150630145302231 and JCYJ20150331101823677)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for the Undergraduates of South University of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2016S10,2016S20,2015x19 and 2015x12)
文摘Alkaline zinc manganese dioxide（Zn–MnO2）batteries are widely used in everyday life. Recycling of waste alkaline Zn–MnO2 batteries has always been a hot environmental concern. In this study, a simple and costeffective process for synthesizing Mn3O4/carbon nanotube（CNT） nanocomposites from recycled alkaline Zn–MnO2 batteries is presented. Manganese oxide was recovered from spent Zn–MnO2 battery cathodes. The Mn3O4/CNT nanocomposites were produced by ball milling the recovered manganese oxide in a commercial multi-wall carbon nanotubes（MWCNTs） solution. Scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analysis demonstrates that the nanocomposite has a unique three-dimensional（3D） bird nest structure. Mn3O4 nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on MWCNT framework. Mn3O4/CNT nanocomposites were evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, exhibiting a highly reversible specific capacitance of -580 mA h·g^-1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, Mn3O4/CNT nanocomposite also shows a fairly positive onset potential of -0.15 V and quite high oxygen reducibility when considered as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction.
