With the number of decommissioned electric vehicles increasing annually,a large amount of discarded power battery cathode material is in urgent need of treatment.However,common leaching methods for recovering metal sa...With the number of decommissioned electric vehicles increasing annually,a large amount of discarded power battery cathode material is in urgent need of treatment.However,common leaching methods for recovering metal salts are economically inefficient and polluting.Meanwhile,the recycled material obtained by lithium remediation alone has limited performance in cycling stability.Herein,a short method of solid-phase reduction is developed to recover spent LiFePO4 by simultaneously introducing Mg2+ions for hetero-atom doping.Issues of particle agglomeration,carbon layer breakage,lithium loss,and Fe3+defects in spent LiFePO4 are also addressed.Results show that Mg2+addition during regeneration can remarkably enhance the crystal structure stability and improve the Li+diffusion coefficient.The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performance with a specific discharge capacity of 143.2 mAh·g^(−1)at 0.2 C,and its capacity retention is extremely increased from 37.9%to 98.5%over 200 cycles at 1 C.Especially,its discharge capacity can reach 95.5 mAh·g^(−1)at 10 C,which is higher than that of spent LiFePO4(55.9 mAh·g^(−1)).All these results show that the proposed regeneration strategy of simultaneous carbon coating and Mg2+doping is suitable for the efficient treatment of spent LiFePO4.展开更多
In recent years, especially when there is increasing concern about the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been getting a lot of attention because of their cost-effective...In recent years, especially when there is increasing concern about the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been getting a lot of attention because of their cost-effectiveness, materials abundance, high safety, and ecological friendliness. Their working voltage and specific capacity are mainly determined by their cathode materials. Vanadium oxides are promising cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs owing to their low cost, abundant resources, and multivalence. However, vanadium oxide cathodes still suffer from unsatisfactory capacity, poor stability, and low electrical conductivity. In this work, cascading V_(2)O_(3)/nitrogen doped carbon (V_(2)O_(3)/NC) hybrid nanosheets are prepared for high-performance aqueous ZIBs by pyrolyzing pentyl viologen dibromide (PV) intercalated V_(2)O5 nanosheets. The unique structure features of V_(2)O_(3)/NC nanosheets, including thin sheet-like morphology, small crystalline V_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles, and conductive NC layers, endow V_(2)O_(3)/NC with superior performance compared to most of the reported vanadium oxide cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs. The V_(2)O_(3)/NC cathode exhibits the discharge capacity of 405 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g, excellent rate capability (159 mAh/g at 20 A/g), and outstanding cycling stability with 90% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 20 A/g.展开更多
The development of aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)is significantly confined by the limited high-performance cathode materials.Herein,organopolysulfides are investigated as active cathode materials to fabricate AIBs.A liq...The development of aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)is significantly confined by the limited high-performance cathode materials.Herein,organopolysulfides are investigated as active cathode materials to fabricate AIBs.A liquid-phase phenyl tetrasulfide(PTS)can deliver a capacity above 600 mAh g−1 after activation,with the maintenance of 253 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles.Owing to the different S locations,PTS shows several voltage plateaus and an average voltage of∼0.7 V vs.Al3+/Al with no decay upon cycling.More importantly,the liquid PTS can serve as a high-Coulombic-efficiency cathode(∼99.88%±0.57%after stabilization),enlighting the design of high-efficiency and low-resistance conversion-type cathode materials for AIBs.By experimental characterizations accompanied by theoretical calculations,it is found that PTS undergoes stepwise reaction procedures during discharge with final products of Al2S3 and AlCl2-coordinated phenyl sulfide,and partially reforms with elemental S and other organopolysulfides during charge.This study demonstrates new opportunities for the design of high-efficiency conversion-type cathode materials for advanced AIBs.展开更多
Co-free Li-rich Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)O_(2)(LR)cathode shows the highest working capacity that can be applied to high-energy density Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,poor cycle stability and voltage decay caused by ph...Co-free Li-rich Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)O_(2)(LR)cathode shows the highest working capacity that can be applied to high-energy density Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,poor cycle stability and voltage decay caused by phase transition are always hindering its further development.Herein,a novel medium-entropy Li-rich Mn-based cathode material(LRMEF)was synthesized via a simple sol-gel method.The introduction of multivalent ions(Al^(3+)/Cu^(2+)doping at Mn sites and F−doping at O sites)effectively mitigates the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn ions and suppresses oxygen release.High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)images confirm that this synergistic doping strategy induces the in-situ formation of an approximately 3 nm-thick spinel surface layer,which significantly enhances structural stability and ion diffusion kinetics.Besides,a series of in-situ/ex-situ characterization methods and density functional theory(DFT)calculations have been carried out to fundamentally shed light on the optimized structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanism.As a result,the LR material with entropy regulation and anion doping exhibits excellent cycling stability(189.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 C with 84%capacity retention after 300 cycles),rate performance(164.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 C),and voltage retention(82.7%at 1 C after 300 cycles),demonstrating great application prospects in future high-energy-density LIBs.展开更多
The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batte...The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.However,its poor cycling,owing to highpressure phase transitions,is one of its disadvantages.In this study,Cu/Ti was introduced into NFM111 cathode material using a solidphase method.Through both theoretically and experimentally,this study found that Cu doping provides a higher redox potential in NFM111,improving its reversible capacity and charge compensation process.The introduction of Ti would enhance the cycling stability of the material,smooth its charge and discharge curves,and suppress its high-voltage phase transitions.Accordingly,the NaNi_(0.27)Fe_(0.28)Mn_(0.33)Cu_(0.05)Ti_(0.06)O_(2)sample used in the study exhibited a remarkable rate performance of 142.97 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C(2.0-4.2 V)and an excellent capacity retention of 72.81%after 300 cycles at 1C(1C=150 mA·g^(-1)).展开更多
Waste graphitization cathode carbon blocks are a type of hazardous solid waste generated during the aluminum electrolysis process,and their proper disposal is a key step in the resource utilization of discarded graphi...Waste graphitization cathode carbon blocks are a type of hazardous solid waste generated during the aluminum electrolysis process,and their proper disposal is a key step in the resource utilization of discarded graphite.This study utilizes the porous“defect advantage”of a cathode carbon block matrix to prepare silicon-doped and asphalt-coated detoxified and purified waste graphitization cathode carbon blocks for use as high-performance silicon/carbon composite anode materials.The results show that the uniformly silicondoped silicon/carbon composite material features a unique amorphous carbon-encapsulated“locked silicon”structure,which effectively addresses issues such as cathode volume expansion,excessive growth of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,and poor electrical contact between active materials.Consequently,electrochemical performance is enhanced.After assembly in a half-cell,the PSCC/10%Si@C(purified waste graphitization cathode carbon/10%Si@C)material exhibits optimal electrochemical stability,with an initial charging specific capacity of 514.5 mAh/g at 0.1 C(1 C=170 mA/g)and a capacity retention rate of 95.1%after 100 cycles.At a charge rate of 2.0 C,a specific capacity of 216.9 mAh/g is achieved.This technology provides a new pathway for the economical and high-value utilization of waste cathode carbon blocks and the development of low-cost,high-performance anode materials.展开更多
Ribbon-like Cu doped V6O（13） was synthesized via a simple solvothermal approach followed by heat treatment in air.As an cathode material for lithium ion battery,the ribbon-like Cu doped V6O（13 ）electrode exhibited...Ribbon-like Cu doped V6O（13） was synthesized via a simple solvothermal approach followed by heat treatment in air.As an cathode material for lithium ion battery,the ribbon-like Cu doped V6O（13 ）electrode exhibited good capacity retention with a reversible capacity of over 313 m Ah·g^-1 for up to 50 cycles at 0.1C,as well as a high charge capacity of 306 m Ah·g^-1 at a high current rate of 1 C,in comparison to undoped V6O（13 ）electrode（267 m Ah·g^-1 at 0.1C and 273 m Ah·g^-1 at 1 C）.The high rate capability and better cycleability of the doped electrode can be attributed to the influence of the Cu ions on the mophology and the electronic conductivity of V6O（13） during the lithiation and delithiation process.展开更多
Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are very attractive in large-scale storage applications,because they have high safety,low cost and good durability.Nonetheless,their advancements are hindered by a dearth of pos...Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are very attractive in large-scale storage applications,because they have high safety,low cost and good durability.Nonetheless,their advancements are hindered by a dearth of positive host materials(cathode)due to sluggish diffusion of Zn2+in the solid inorganic frameworks.Here,we report a novel organic electrode material of poly 3,4,9,10-perylentetracarboxylic dianhydride(PPTCDA)/graphene aerogel(GA).The 3D interconnected porous architecture synthesized through a simple solvothermal reaction,where the PPTCDA is homogenously embedded in the GA nanosheets.The self-assembly of PPTCDA/GA coin-type cell will not only significantly improve the durability and extend lifetime of the devices,but also reduce the electronic waste and economic cost.The self-assembled structure does not require the auxiliary electrode and conductive agent to prepare the electrode material,which is a simple method for preparing the coin-type cell and a foundation for the next large-scale production.The PPTCDA/GA delivers a high capacity of≥200 m Ah g^–1 with the voltage of 0.0~1.5 V.After 300 cycles,the capacity retention rate still close to 100%.The discussion on the mechanism of Zn2+intercalation/deintercalation in the PPTCDA/GA electrode is explored by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations.The morphology and structure of PPTCDA/GA are examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).展开更多
Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stab...Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stability.However,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in SIBs.Thus,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.Up to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material.In this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so on.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward.It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.展开更多
In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well...In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.展开更多
As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability...As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.展开更多
The growing need for higher energy density in rechargeable batteries necessitates the exploration of cathode materials with enhanced specific energy for lithium-ion batteries.Due to their exceptional cost-effectivenes...The growing need for higher energy density in rechargeable batteries necessitates the exploration of cathode materials with enhanced specific energy for lithium-ion batteries.Due to their exceptional cost-effectiveness and specific capacity,lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials(LRMs)obtain in-creasing attention in the pursuit of enhancing energy density and reducing costs.The implementation has faced obstacles in various applications due to substantial capacity and voltage degradation,insufficient safety performance,and restricted rate capability during cycling.These issues arise from the migration of transition metal,the release of oxygen,and structural transformation.In this review,we provide an integrated survey of the structure,lithium storage mechanism,challenges,and origins of LRMs,as well as recent advancements in various coating strategies.Particularly,the significance of optimizing the design of the cathode electrolyte interphase was emphasized to enhance electrode performance.Furthermore,future perspective was also addressed alongside in-situ measurements,advanced synthesis techniques,and the application of machine learning to overcome encountered challenges in LRMs.展开更多
A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate t...A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate that spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials with good performance can be regenerated by roasting at 650℃ for 11 h with the addition ofLi_(2)CO_(3),FePO_(4),V_(2)O_(5),and glucose.V_(2)O_(5) is added to improve the cycle performance of regenerated cathode materials.Glucose is used to revitalize the carbon layers on the surface of spent LiFePO_(4)/C particles for improving their conductivity.The regenerated V-doped LiFePO_(4)/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance with the discharge specific capacity of 161.36 mA·h/g at 0.2C,under which the capacity retention is 97.85%after 100 cycles.展开更多
Although lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently dominate a wide spectrum of energy storage applications,they face challenges such as fast cycle life decay and poor stability that hinder their further application.To addr...Although lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently dominate a wide spectrum of energy storage applications,they face challenges such as fast cycle life decay and poor stability that hinder their further application.To address these limitations,element doping has emerged as a prevalent strategy to enhance the discharge capacity and extend the durability of Li-Ni-Co-Mn(LNCM)ternary compounds.This study utilized a machine learning-driven feature screening method to effectively pinpoint four key features crucially impacting the initial discharge capacity(IC)of Li-Ni-Co-Mn(LNCM)ternary cathode materials.These features were also proved highly predictive for the 50^(th)cycle discharge capacity(EC).Additionally,the application of SHAP value analysis yielded an in-depth understanding of the interplay between these features and discharge performance.This insight offers valuable direction for future advancements in the development of LNCM cathode materials,effectively promoting this field toward greater efficiency and sustainability.展开更多
With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Elec...With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Electrochemical energy storage,as the most popular and promising energy storage method,has received extensive attention.Currently,the most widely used energy storage method is metal-ion secondary batteries,whose performance mainly depends on the cathode material.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have a unique open framework structures that allow quick and reversible insertion/extraction of metal ions such as Na^(+),K^(+),Zn^(2+),Li^(+)etc.,thus attracting widespread attention.The advantages of simple synthesis process,abundant resources,and low cost also distinguish it from its counterparts.Unfortunately,the crystal water and structural defects in the PBAs lattice that is generated during the synthesis process,as well as the low Na content,significantly affect their electrochemical performance.This paper focuses on PBAs’synthesis methods,crystal structure,modification strategies,and their potential applications as cathode materials for various metal ion secondary batteries and looks forward to their future development direction.展开更多
Facilitating anion redox chemistry is an effective strategy to increase the capacity of layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,there remains a paucity of literature pertaining to the oxygen redox chemist...Facilitating anion redox chemistry is an effective strategy to increase the capacity of layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,there remains a paucity of literature pertaining to the oxygen redox chemistry of O3-type layered oxide cathode materials.This work systematically investigates the effect of Fe doping on the anionic oxygen redox chemistry and electrochemical reactions in O3-NaNi_(0.4)Cu_(0.1)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.1)O_(2).The results of the density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the electrons of the O 2p occupy a higher energy level.In the ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)of O 1s,the addition of Fe facilitates the lattice oxygen(O^(n-))to exhibit enhanced activity at 4.45 V.The in-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)demonstrates that the doping of Fe effectively suppresses the Y phase transition at high voltages.Furthermore,the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique(GITT)data indicate that Fe doping significantly increases the Na~+migration rate at high voltages.Consequently,the substitution of Fe can elevate the cut-off voltage to 4.45 V,thereby facilitating electron migration from O^(2-).The redox of O^(2-)/O^(n-)(n<2)contributes to the overall capacity.O3-Na(Ni_(0.4)Cu_(0.1)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.1))_(0.92)Fe_(0.08)O_(2)provides an initial discharge specific capacity of 180.55 mA h g^(-1)and71.6%capacity retention at 0.5 C(1 C=240 mA g^(-1)).This work not only demonstrates the beneficial impact of Fe substitution for promoting the redox activity and reversibility of O^(2-)in 03-type layered oxides,but also guarantees the structural integrity of the cathode materials at high voltages(>4.2 V).It offers a novel avenue for investigating the anionic redox reaction in O3-type layered oxides to design advanced cathode materials.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have been considered a promising“post lithium-ion battery”system to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the emerging electric vehicle and grid energy storage market.However,th...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have been considered a promising“post lithium-ion battery”system to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the emerging electric vehicle and grid energy storage market.However,the sluggish diffusion kinetics of bivalent Mg^(2+)in the host material,related to the strong Coulomb effect between Mg^(2+)and host anion lattices,hinders their further development toward practical applications.Defect engineering,regarded as an effective strategy to break through the slow migration puzzle,has been validated in various cathode materials for RMBs.In this review,we first thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanism of Mg^(2+)diffusion in cathode materials,from which the key factors affecting ion diffusion are further presented.Then,the positive effects of purposely introduced defects,including vacancy and doping,and the corresponding strategies for introducing various defects are discussed.The applications of defect engineering in cathode materials for RMBs with advanced electrochemical properties are also summarized.Finally,the existing challenges and future perspectives of defect engineering in cathode materials for the overall high-performance RMBs are described.展开更多
Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a m...Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite,which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs.Despite the significant advances in electrolyte,the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage(<1.0 V vs.Mg/Mg^(2+)),and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging.Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg^(2+)ions reversibly at high voltage.This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage,including the Mg^(2+)intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties.The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg^(2+)diffusion path.This review also provides insights into the future development of each material,aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.展开更多
As electronic devices continue to evolve toward higher power densities,faster speeds,and smaller form factors,the demand for high-performance electronic packaging materials has become increasingly critical.These mater...As electronic devices continue to evolve toward higher power densities,faster speeds,and smaller form factors,the demand for high-performance electronic packaging materials has become increasingly critical.These materials serve as the physical and functional interface between semiconductor components and their operating environment,impacting the overall reliability,thermal management,mechanical protection,and electrical performance of modern electronic systems.This study investigates the development,formulation,and performance evaluation of advanced packaging materials,focusing on polymer-based composites,metal and ceramic matrix systems,and nanomaterial-enhanced formulations.A comprehensive analysis of key performance metrics-including thermal conductivity,electrical insulation,mechanical robustness,and environmental resistance-is presented,alongside strategies for material optimization through interface engineering and processing innovations.Furthermore,the study explores cutting-edge integration technologies such as 3D packaging compatibility,low-temperature co-firing,and high-density interconnects.The findings provide critical insights into the structure-property-processing relationships that define the effectiveness of next-generation packaging materials and offer a roadmap for material selection and system integration in high-reliability electronic applications.展开更多
Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performa...Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performance Mg cathode materials.Utilizing the common characteristics of various ionic intercalation-type electrodes,we design and train a Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network model that can accurately predict electrode voltages for various ions with mean absolute errors(MAE)between0.25 and 0.33 V.By deploying the trained model to stable Mg compounds from Materials Project and GNoME AI dataset,we identify 160 high voltage structures out of 15,308 candidates with voltages above3.0 V and volumetric capacity over 800 mA h/cm^(3).We further train a precise NequIP model to facilitate accurate and rapid simulations of Mg ionic conductivity.From the 160 high voltage structures,the machine learning molecular dynamics simulations have selected 23 cathode materials with both high energy density and high ionic conductivity.This Al-driven workflow dramatically boosts the efficiency and precision of material discovery for multivalent ion batteries,paving the way for advanced Mg battery development.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2020SK2007)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2019JJ50814)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.1053320211765)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province of China(No.2017B030314046)Guangdong Academy of Sciences for Innovation Capacity Building(No.2016GDASRC0201).
文摘With the number of decommissioned electric vehicles increasing annually,a large amount of discarded power battery cathode material is in urgent need of treatment.However,common leaching methods for recovering metal salts are economically inefficient and polluting.Meanwhile,the recycled material obtained by lithium remediation alone has limited performance in cycling stability.Herein,a short method of solid-phase reduction is developed to recover spent LiFePO4 by simultaneously introducing Mg2+ions for hetero-atom doping.Issues of particle agglomeration,carbon layer breakage,lithium loss,and Fe3+defects in spent LiFePO4 are also addressed.Results show that Mg2+addition during regeneration can remarkably enhance the crystal structure stability and improve the Li+diffusion coefficient.The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performance with a specific discharge capacity of 143.2 mAh·g^(−1)at 0.2 C,and its capacity retention is extremely increased from 37.9%to 98.5%over 200 cycles at 1 C.Especially,its discharge capacity can reach 95.5 mAh·g^(−1)at 10 C,which is higher than that of spent LiFePO4(55.9 mAh·g^(−1)).All these results show that the proposed regeneration strategy of simultaneous carbon coating and Mg2+doping is suitable for the efficient treatment of spent LiFePO4.
基金funding support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2012CB933403)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2182086)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51425302, 51302045)。
文摘In recent years, especially when there is increasing concern about the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) have been getting a lot of attention because of their cost-effectiveness, materials abundance, high safety, and ecological friendliness. Their working voltage and specific capacity are mainly determined by their cathode materials. Vanadium oxides are promising cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs owing to their low cost, abundant resources, and multivalence. However, vanadium oxide cathodes still suffer from unsatisfactory capacity, poor stability, and low electrical conductivity. In this work, cascading V_(2)O_(3)/nitrogen doped carbon (V_(2)O_(3)/NC) hybrid nanosheets are prepared for high-performance aqueous ZIBs by pyrolyzing pentyl viologen dibromide (PV) intercalated V_(2)O5 nanosheets. The unique structure features of V_(2)O_(3)/NC nanosheets, including thin sheet-like morphology, small crystalline V_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles, and conductive NC layers, endow V_(2)O_(3)/NC with superior performance compared to most of the reported vanadium oxide cathode materials for aqueous ZIBs. The V_(2)O_(3)/NC cathode exhibits the discharge capacity of 405 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g, excellent rate capability (159 mAh/g at 20 A/g), and outstanding cycling stability with 90% capacity retention over 4000 cycles at 20 A/g.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22075007,92263206,and 21975006)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB2402600 and 2022YFB2404400)+1 种基金the Youth Beijing Schol-ars program(No.11000022T000000440694)Beijing Natural Sci-ence Foundation(Nos.KZ201910005002 and KZ202010005007)。
文摘The development of aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)is significantly confined by the limited high-performance cathode materials.Herein,organopolysulfides are investigated as active cathode materials to fabricate AIBs.A liquid-phase phenyl tetrasulfide(PTS)can deliver a capacity above 600 mAh g−1 after activation,with the maintenance of 253 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles.Owing to the different S locations,PTS shows several voltage plateaus and an average voltage of∼0.7 V vs.Al3+/Al with no decay upon cycling.More importantly,the liquid PTS can serve as a high-Coulombic-efficiency cathode(∼99.88%±0.57%after stabilization),enlighting the design of high-efficiency and low-resistance conversion-type cathode materials for AIBs.By experimental characterizations accompanied by theoretical calculations,it is found that PTS undergoes stepwise reaction procedures during discharge with final products of Al2S3 and AlCl2-coordinated phenyl sulfide,and partially reforms with elemental S and other organopolysulfides during charge.This study demonstrates new opportunities for the design of high-efficiency conversion-type cathode materials for advanced AIBs.
基金financially supported by the Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1505700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22475214, 22205232, 52102216)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2023J06044,2022J01625, 2022-S-002)the Talent Plan of Shanghai BranchChinese Academy of Sciences (CASSHB-QNPD-2023-020)the Selfdeployment Project Research Program of Haixi Institutes,Chinese Academy of Sciences (CXZX-2022-JQ06 and CXZX-2022-GH03)the Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology,the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(202305a12020006)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry (2025-22)the Innovation Training Program for College Students(2025019300A, 20250193008)
文摘Co-free Li-rich Li_(1.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)O_(2)(LR)cathode shows the highest working capacity that can be applied to high-energy density Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,poor cycle stability and voltage decay caused by phase transition are always hindering its further development.Herein,a novel medium-entropy Li-rich Mn-based cathode material(LRMEF)was synthesized via a simple sol-gel method.The introduction of multivalent ions(Al^(3+)/Cu^(2+)doping at Mn sites and F−doping at O sites)effectively mitigates the Jahn-Teller distortion of Mn ions and suppresses oxygen release.High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)images confirm that this synergistic doping strategy induces the in-situ formation of an approximately 3 nm-thick spinel surface layer,which significantly enhances structural stability and ion diffusion kinetics.Besides,a series of in-situ/ex-situ characterization methods and density functional theory(DFT)calculations have been carried out to fundamentally shed light on the optimized structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanism.As a result,the LR material with entropy regulation and anion doping exhibits excellent cycling stability(189.2 mAh g^(−1)at 1 C with 84%capacity retention after 300 cycles),rate performance(164.1 mAh g^(−1)at 5 C),and voltage retention(82.7%at 1 C after 300 cycles),demonstrating great application prospects in future high-energy-density LIBs.
基金supported by the Low-Cost Long-Life Batteries program,China(No.WL-24-08-01)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279007)。
文摘The outstanding performance of O3-type NaNi_(1/3)Fe_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)O_(2)(NFM111)at both high and low temperatures coupled with its impressive specific capacity makes it an excellent cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.However,its poor cycling,owing to highpressure phase transitions,is one of its disadvantages.In this study,Cu/Ti was introduced into NFM111 cathode material using a solidphase method.Through both theoretically and experimentally,this study found that Cu doping provides a higher redox potential in NFM111,improving its reversible capacity and charge compensation process.The introduction of Ti would enhance the cycling stability of the material,smooth its charge and discharge curves,and suppress its high-voltage phase transitions.Accordingly,the NaNi_(0.27)Fe_(0.28)Mn_(0.33)Cu_(0.05)Ti_(0.06)O_(2)sample used in the study exhibited a remarkable rate performance of 142.97 mAh·g^(-1)at 0.1 C(2.0-4.2 V)and an excellent capacity retention of 72.81%after 300 cycles at 1C(1C=150 mA·g^(-1)).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274346).
文摘Waste graphitization cathode carbon blocks are a type of hazardous solid waste generated during the aluminum electrolysis process,and their proper disposal is a key step in the resource utilization of discarded graphite.This study utilizes the porous“defect advantage”of a cathode carbon block matrix to prepare silicon-doped and asphalt-coated detoxified and purified waste graphitization cathode carbon blocks for use as high-performance silicon/carbon composite anode materials.The results show that the uniformly silicondoped silicon/carbon composite material features a unique amorphous carbon-encapsulated“locked silicon”structure,which effectively addresses issues such as cathode volume expansion,excessive growth of the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film,and poor electrical contact between active materials.Consequently,electrochemical performance is enhanced.After assembly in a half-cell,the PSCC/10%Si@C(purified waste graphitization cathode carbon/10%Si@C)material exhibits optimal electrochemical stability,with an initial charging specific capacity of 514.5 mAh/g at 0.1 C(1 C=170 mA/g)and a capacity retention rate of 95.1%after 100 cycles.At a charge rate of 2.0 C,a specific capacity of 216.9 mAh/g is achieved.This technology provides a new pathway for the economical and high-value utilization of waste cathode carbon blocks and the development of low-cost,high-performance anode materials.
基金Funded by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education,(No.NCET-12-0655)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2014GXNSFFA118004)
文摘Ribbon-like Cu doped V6O（13） was synthesized via a simple solvothermal approach followed by heat treatment in air.As an cathode material for lithium ion battery,the ribbon-like Cu doped V6O（13 ）electrode exhibited good capacity retention with a reversible capacity of over 313 m Ah·g^-1 for up to 50 cycles at 0.1C,as well as a high charge capacity of 306 m Ah·g^-1 at a high current rate of 1 C,in comparison to undoped V6O（13 ）electrode（267 m Ah·g^-1 at 0.1C and 273 m Ah·g^-1 at 1 C）.The high rate capability and better cycleability of the doped electrode can be attributed to the influence of the Cu ions on the mophology and the electronic conductivity of V6O（13） during the lithiation and delithiation process.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672056)Excellent Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2019B002)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M630307 and 2019T120220)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HEUCFD201732)。
文摘Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries are very attractive in large-scale storage applications,because they have high safety,low cost and good durability.Nonetheless,their advancements are hindered by a dearth of positive host materials(cathode)due to sluggish diffusion of Zn2+in the solid inorganic frameworks.Here,we report a novel organic electrode material of poly 3,4,9,10-perylentetracarboxylic dianhydride(PPTCDA)/graphene aerogel(GA).The 3D interconnected porous architecture synthesized through a simple solvothermal reaction,where the PPTCDA is homogenously embedded in the GA nanosheets.The self-assembly of PPTCDA/GA coin-type cell will not only significantly improve the durability and extend lifetime of the devices,but also reduce the electronic waste and economic cost.The self-assembled structure does not require the auxiliary electrode and conductive agent to prepare the electrode material,which is a simple method for preparing the coin-type cell and a foundation for the next large-scale production.The PPTCDA/GA delivers a high capacity of≥200 m Ah g^–1 with the voltage of 0.0~1.5 V.After 300 cycles,the capacity retention rate still close to 100%.The discussion on the mechanism of Zn2+intercalation/deintercalation in the PPTCDA/GA electrode is explored by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)characterizations.The morphology and structure of PPTCDA/GA are examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).
基金partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52272225).
文摘Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)has garnered great attentions as a prospective cathode material for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)by virtue of its decent theoretical capacity,superior ion conductivity and high structural stability.However,the inherently poor electronic conductivity and sluggish sodium-ion diffusion kinetics of NVP material give rise to inferior rate performance and unsatisfactory energy density,which strictly confine its further application in SIBs.Thus,it is of significance to boost the sodium storage performance of NVP cathode material.Up to now,many methods have been developed to optimize the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material.In this review,the latest advances in optimization strategies for improving the electrochemical performance of NVP cathode material are well summarized and discussed,including carbon coating or modification,foreign-ion doping or substitution and nanostructure and morphology design.The foreign-ion doping or substitution is highlighted,involving Na,V,and PO_(4)^(3−)sites,which include single-site doping,multiple-site doping,single-ion doping,multiple-ion doping and so on.Furthermore,the challenges and prospects of high-performance NVP cathode material are also put forward.It is believed that this review can provide a useful reference for designing and developing high-performance NVP cathode material toward the large-scale application in SIBs.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Key Program(No.U22A20420)Changzhou Leading Innovative Talents Introduction and Cultivation Project(No.CQ20230109)for supporting our work。
文摘In recent years,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have become one of the hot discussions and have gradually moved toward industrialization.However,there are still some shortcomings in their performance that have not been well addressed,including phase transition,structural degradation,and voltage platform.High entropy materials have recently gained significant attention from researchers due to their effects on thermodynamics,dynamics,structure,and performance.Researchers have attempted to use these materials in sodium-ion batteries to overcome their problems,making it a modification method.This paper aims to discuss the research status of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries and summarize their effects on sodium-ion batteries from three perspectives:Layered oxide,polyanion,and Prussian blue.The infiuence on material structure,the inhibition of phase transition,and the improvement of ion diffusivity are described.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of high-entropy cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries are summarized,and their future development has prospected.
基金supported by the Exchange Program of Highend Foreign Experts of Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China(No.G2023041003L)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.23JK0367)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Program for Introduced Talents of Shaanxi University of Technology(Nos.SLGRCQD2208,SLGRCQD2306,SLGRCQD2133)Contaminated Soil Remediation and Resource Utilization Innovation Team at Shaanxi University of Technology。
文摘As battery technology evolves and demand for efficient energy storage solutions,aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have garnered significant attention due to their safety and environmental benefits.However,the stability of cathode materials under high-voltage conditions remains a critical challenge in improving its energy density.This review systematically explores the failure mechanisms of high-voltage cathode materials in AZIBs,including hydrogen evolution reaction,phase transformation and dissolution phenomena.To address these challenges,we propose a range of advanced strategies aimed at improving the stability of cathode materials.These strategies include surface coating and doping techniques designed to fortify the surface properties and structure integrity of the cathode materials under high-voltage conditions.Additionally,we emphasize the importance of designing antioxidant electrolytes,with a focus on understanding and optimizing electrolyte decomposition mechanisms.The review also highlights the significance of modifying conductive agents and employing innovative separators to further enhance the stability of AZIBs.By integrating these cutting-edge approaches,this review anticipates substantial advancements in the stability of high-voltage cathode materials,paving the way for the broader application and development of AZIBs in energy storage.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant No.U21A20311)the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program(DSFP)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The growing need for higher energy density in rechargeable batteries necessitates the exploration of cathode materials with enhanced specific energy for lithium-ion batteries.Due to their exceptional cost-effectiveness and specific capacity,lithium-rich manganese-based cathode materials(LRMs)obtain in-creasing attention in the pursuit of enhancing energy density and reducing costs.The implementation has faced obstacles in various applications due to substantial capacity and voltage degradation,insufficient safety performance,and restricted rate capability during cycling.These issues arise from the migration of transition metal,the release of oxygen,and structural transformation.In this review,we provide an integrated survey of the structure,lithium storage mechanism,challenges,and origins of LRMs,as well as recent advancements in various coating strategies.Particularly,the significance of optimizing the design of the cathode electrolyte interphase was emphasized to enhance electrode performance.Furthermore,future perspective was also addressed alongside in-situ measurements,advanced synthesis techniques,and the application of machine learning to overcome encountered challenges in LRMs.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174269,52374293)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(Nos.2024CK1009,2022RC1123)。
文摘A tunable oxidization and reduction strategy was proposed to directly regenerate spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials by oxidizing excessive carbon powders with the addition of FePO_(4).Experimental results indicate that spent LiFePO_(4)/C cathode materials with good performance can be regenerated by roasting at 650℃ for 11 h with the addition ofLi_(2)CO_(3),FePO_(4),V_(2)O_(5),and glucose.V_(2)O_(5) is added to improve the cycle performance of regenerated cathode materials.Glucose is used to revitalize the carbon layers on the surface of spent LiFePO_(4)/C particles for improving their conductivity.The regenerated V-doped LiFePO_(4)/C shows an excellent electrochemical performance with the discharge specific capacity of 161.36 mA·h/g at 0.2C,under which the capacity retention is 97.85%after 100 cycles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52122408,52071023)the Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in the University of Henan Province(No.22HASTIT1006)+2 种基金the Program for Central Plains Talents(No.ZYYCYU202012172)the Ministry of Education,Singapore(No.RG70/20)the Opening Project of National Joint Engineering Research Center for Abrasion Control and Molding of Metal Materials,Henan University of Science and Technology(No.HKDNM201906).
文摘Although lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently dominate a wide spectrum of energy storage applications,they face challenges such as fast cycle life decay and poor stability that hinder their further application.To address these limitations,element doping has emerged as a prevalent strategy to enhance the discharge capacity and extend the durability of Li-Ni-Co-Mn(LNCM)ternary compounds.This study utilized a machine learning-driven feature screening method to effectively pinpoint four key features crucially impacting the initial discharge capacity(IC)of Li-Ni-Co-Mn(LNCM)ternary cathode materials.These features were also proved highly predictive for the 50^(th)cycle discharge capacity(EC).Additionally,the application of SHAP value analysis yielded an in-depth understanding of the interplay between these features and discharge performance.This insight offers valuable direction for future advancements in the development of LNCM cathode materials,effectively promoting this field toward greater efficiency and sustainability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072217)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB3807700)+2 种基金the Joint Funds of the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development(No.2022CFD034)Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(No.2022CFA020)the Major Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(No.2019AAA164).
文摘With the rapid development of new energy and the high proportion of new energy connected to the grid,energy storage has become the leading technology driving significant adjustments in the global energy landscape.Electrochemical energy storage,as the most popular and promising energy storage method,has received extensive attention.Currently,the most widely used energy storage method is metal-ion secondary batteries,whose performance mainly depends on the cathode material.Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)have a unique open framework structures that allow quick and reversible insertion/extraction of metal ions such as Na^(+),K^(+),Zn^(2+),Li^(+)etc.,thus attracting widespread attention.The advantages of simple synthesis process,abundant resources,and low cost also distinguish it from its counterparts.Unfortunately,the crystal water and structural defects in the PBAs lattice that is generated during the synthesis process,as well as the low Na content,significantly affect their electrochemical performance.This paper focuses on PBAs’synthesis methods,crystal structure,modification strategies,and their potential applications as cathode materials for various metal ion secondary batteries and looks forward to their future development direction.
基金financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2023ME051,ZR2019MEM020)。
文摘Facilitating anion redox chemistry is an effective strategy to increase the capacity of layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries.Nevertheless,there remains a paucity of literature pertaining to the oxygen redox chemistry of O3-type layered oxide cathode materials.This work systematically investigates the effect of Fe doping on the anionic oxygen redox chemistry and electrochemical reactions in O3-NaNi_(0.4)Cu_(0.1)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.1)O_(2).The results of the density functional theory(DFT)calculations indicate that the electrons of the O 2p occupy a higher energy level.In the ex-situ X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS)of O 1s,the addition of Fe facilitates the lattice oxygen(O^(n-))to exhibit enhanced activity at 4.45 V.The in-situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)demonstrates that the doping of Fe effectively suppresses the Y phase transition at high voltages.Furthermore,the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique(GITT)data indicate that Fe doping significantly increases the Na~+migration rate at high voltages.Consequently,the substitution of Fe can elevate the cut-off voltage to 4.45 V,thereby facilitating electron migration from O^(2-).The redox of O^(2-)/O^(n-)(n<2)contributes to the overall capacity.O3-Na(Ni_(0.4)Cu_(0.1)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.1))_(0.92)Fe_(0.08)O_(2)provides an initial discharge specific capacity of 180.55 mA h g^(-1)and71.6%capacity retention at 0.5 C(1 C=240 mA g^(-1)).This work not only demonstrates the beneficial impact of Fe substitution for promoting the redox activity and reversibility of O^(2-)in 03-type layered oxides,but also guarantees the structural integrity of the cathode materials at high voltages(>4.2 V).It offers a novel avenue for investigating the anionic redox reaction in O3-type layered oxides to design advanced cathode materials.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22225801,22178217 and 22308216)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,conducted at Tongji University.
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)have been considered a promising“post lithium-ion battery”system to meet the rapidly increasing demand of the emerging electric vehicle and grid energy storage market.However,the sluggish diffusion kinetics of bivalent Mg^(2+)in the host material,related to the strong Coulomb effect between Mg^(2+)and host anion lattices,hinders their further development toward practical applications.Defect engineering,regarded as an effective strategy to break through the slow migration puzzle,has been validated in various cathode materials for RMBs.In this review,we first thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanism of Mg^(2+)diffusion in cathode materials,from which the key factors affecting ion diffusion are further presented.Then,the positive effects of purposely introduced defects,including vacancy and doping,and the corresponding strategies for introducing various defects are discussed.The applications of defect engineering in cathode materials for RMBs with advanced electrochemical properties are also summarized.Finally,the existing challenges and future perspectives of defect engineering in cathode materials for the overall high-performance RMBs are described.
基金supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2024-00446825)by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00418815)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs)are a cutting-edge energy storage solution,with several advantages over the state-of-art lithiumion batteries(LIBs).The use of magnesium(Mg)metal as an anode material provides a much higher gravimetric capacity compared to graphite,which is currently used as the anode material in LIBs.Despite the significant advances in electrolyte,the development of cathode material is limited to materials that operate at low average discharge voltage(<1.0 V vs.Mg/Mg^(2+)),and developing high voltage cathodes remains challenging.Only a few materials have been shown to intercalate Mg^(2+)ions reversibly at high voltage.This review focuses on the structural aspects of cathode material that can operate at high voltage,including the Mg^(2+)intercalation mechanism in relation to its electrochemical properties.The materials are categorized into transition metal oxides and polyanions and subcategorized by the intrinsic Mg^(2+)diffusion path.This review also provides insights into the future development of each material,aiming to stimulate and guide researchers working in this field towards further advancements in high voltage cathodes.
文摘As electronic devices continue to evolve toward higher power densities,faster speeds,and smaller form factors,the demand for high-performance electronic packaging materials has become increasingly critical.These materials serve as the physical and functional interface between semiconductor components and their operating environment,impacting the overall reliability,thermal management,mechanical protection,and electrical performance of modern electronic systems.This study investigates the development,formulation,and performance evaluation of advanced packaging materials,focusing on polymer-based composites,metal and ceramic matrix systems,and nanomaterial-enhanced formulations.A comprehensive analysis of key performance metrics-including thermal conductivity,electrical insulation,mechanical robustness,and environmental resistance-is presented,alongside strategies for material optimization through interface engineering and processing innovations.Furthermore,the study explores cutting-edge integration technologies such as 3D packaging compatibility,low-temperature co-firing,and high-density interconnects.The findings provide critical insights into the structure-property-processing relationships that define the effectiveness of next-generation packaging materials and offer a roadmap for material selection and system integration in high-reliability electronic applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1203400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(W2441009)。
文摘Magnesium-ion batteries hold promise as future energy storage solutions,yet current Mg cathodes are challenged by low voltage and specific capacity.Herein,we present an AI-driven workflow for discovering high-performance Mg cathode materials.Utilizing the common characteristics of various ionic intercalation-type electrodes,we design and train a Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network model that can accurately predict electrode voltages for various ions with mean absolute errors(MAE)between0.25 and 0.33 V.By deploying the trained model to stable Mg compounds from Materials Project and GNoME AI dataset,we identify 160 high voltage structures out of 15,308 candidates with voltages above3.0 V and volumetric capacity over 800 mA h/cm^(3).We further train a precise NequIP model to facilitate accurate and rapid simulations of Mg ionic conductivity.From the 160 high voltage structures,the machine learning molecular dynamics simulations have selected 23 cathode materials with both high energy density and high ionic conductivity.This Al-driven workflow dramatically boosts the efficiency and precision of material discovery for multivalent ion batteries,paving the way for advanced Mg battery development.
