In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper...In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is driving a paradigm shift in gastroenterology and hepa-tology by delivering cutting-edge tools for disease screening,diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic management.Through deep learning,rad...Artificial intelligence(AI)is driving a paradigm shift in gastroenterology and hepa-tology by delivering cutting-edge tools for disease screening,diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic management.Through deep learning,radiomics,and multimodal data integration,AI has achieved diagnostic parity with expert cli-nicians in endoscopic image analysis(e.g.,early gastric cancer detection,colorectal polyp identification)and non-invasive assessment of liver pathologies(e.g.,fibrosis staging,fatty liver typing)while demonstrating utility in personalized care scenarios such as predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and opti-mizing inflammatory bowel disease treatment responses.Despite these advance-ments challenges persist including limited model generalization due to frag-mented datasets,algorithmic limitations in rare conditions(e.g.,pediatric liver diseases)caused by insufficient training data,and unresolved ethical issues related to bias,accountability,and patient privacy.Mitigation strategies involve constructing standardized multicenter databases,validating AI tools through prospective trials,leveraging federated learning to address data scarcity,and de-veloping interpretable systems(e.g.,attention heatmap visualization)to enhance clinical trust.Integrating generative AI,digital twin technologies,and establishing unified ethical/regulatory frameworks will accelerate AI adoption in primary care and foster equitable healthcare access while interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based implementation remain critical for realizing AI’s potential to redefine precision care for digestive disorders,improve global health outcomes,and reshape healthcare equity.展开更多
The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can caus...The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can cause changes in cutting force/heat,resulting in affecting gear machining precision.Therefore,this paper studies the effect of different process parameters on gear machining precision.A multi-objective optimization model is established for the relationship between process parameters and tooth surface deviations,tooth profile deviations,and tooth lead deviations through the cutting speed,feed rate,and cutting depth of the worm wheel gear grinding machine.The response surface method(RSM)is used for experimental design,and the corresponding experimental results and optimal process parameters are obtained.Subsequently,gray relational analysis-principal component analysis(GRA-PCA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization(GA-PSO)methods are used to analyze the experimental results and obtain different optimal process parameters.The results show that optimal process parameters obtained by the GRA-PCA,PSO,and GA-PSO methods improve the gear machining precision.Moreover,the gear machining precision obtained by GA-PSO is superior to other methods.展开更多
The management of breast cancer,one of the most common and heterogeneous malignancies,has transformed with the advent of precision medicine.This review explores current developments in genetic profiling,molecular diag...The management of breast cancer,one of the most common and heterogeneous malignancies,has transformed with the advent of precision medicine.This review explores current developments in genetic profiling,molecular diagnostics,and targeted therapies that have revolutionized breast cancer treatment.Key innovations,such as cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors,antibodydrug conjugates(ADCs),and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have improved outcomes for hormone receptor-positive(HR+),HER2-positive(HER2+),and triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)subtypes remarkably.Additionally,emerging treatments,such as PI3K inhibitors,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,and m RNA-based therapies,offer new avenues for targeting specific genetic mutations and improving treatment response,particularly in difficult-to-treat breast cancer subtypes.The integration of liquid biopsy technologies provides a non-invasive approach for real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and treatment response,thus enabling dynamic adjustments to therapy.Molecular imaging and artificial intelligence(AI)are increasingly crucial in enhancing diagnostic precision,personalizing treatment plans,and predicting therapeutic outcomes.As precision medicine continues to evolve,it has the potential to significantly improve survival rates,decrease recurrence,and enhance quality of life for patients with breast cancer.By combining cutting-edge diagnostics,personalized therapies,and emerging treatments,precision medicine can transform breast cancer care by offering more effective,individualized,and less invasive treatment options.展开更多
The increasing use of UAV-based LiDAR systems for high-resolution mapping highlights the need for reliable,field-validated accuracy assessment methods.This study presents a practical technique for evaluating geometric...The increasing use of UAV-based LiDAR systems for high-resolution mapping highlights the need for reliable,field-validated accuracy assessment methods.This study presents a practical technique for evaluating geometric and radiometric performance using georeferenced,high-reflectivity foil targets.The method enables precise extraction of target centers and correction of systematic georeferencing errors through 3D transformation.The approach was applied at the Tora Cement Factory in Cairo,Egypt—an industrial site with complex topography—using a DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV equipped with the Zenmuse L1 LiDAR sensor and Zenmuse P1 photogrammetric camera.Three test flights were performed at altitudes of 50 m(nadir and oblique)and 70 m(oblique),with a high-resolution Structure-from-Motion(SfM)point cloud generated for reference.After transformation,the global RMSE of the LiDAR dataset was reduced to approximately 2.8∼3.2 cm,improving upon the raw uncorrected accuracy of up to 4.6 cm.Surface-wise comparisons showed RMSEs of 3.1 cm on flat areas,3.8 cm on rugged terrain,and 4.5 cm on vertical structures.Additionally,the RGB data embedded in the LiDAR point cloud exhibited a systematic spatial offset between 18 and 43 cm,with an average internal standard deviation near 5 cm,indicating a potential limitation for radiometric applications.The proposed method offers a cost-effective,accurate,and repeatable solution for UAV LiDAR validation and supports operational deployment,quality assurance,and system calibration in real-world scenarios.展开更多
In the era of precision medicine,the breast cancer surgical treatment field is gradually moving toward a de-escalation model.Through precise preoperative assessments and multidisciplinary decision-making,surgical trau...In the era of precision medicine,the breast cancer surgical treatment field is gradually moving toward a de-escalation model.Through precise preoperative assessments and multidisciplinary decision-making,surgical trauma can be decreased,and patients’quality of life can be improved by ensuring safety.Herein,we explore the axillary de-escalation surgery model for breast cancer.展开更多
Precision Psychiatry in Mood Disorders refers to the application of precision medicine principles in the field of mood disorders,such as depression and bipolar disorder.It involves the use of advanced technologies,bio...Precision Psychiatry in Mood Disorders refers to the application of precision medicine principles in the field of mood disorders,such as depression and bipolar disorder.It involves the use of advanced technologies,biomarkers,and personalized treatment approaches to improve the accuracy of diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment selection for individuals with mood disorders.展开更多
We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation(HHG)from solids.We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp a...We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation(HHG)from solids.We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp and blueshifts for those with positive chirp,which is due to the change in the instantaneous frequency of the driving laser for different chirped pulses.The analysis of crystal-momentum-resolved(k-resolved)HHG reveals that the frequency shifts are equal for the harmonics generated by different crystal momentum channels.The frequency shifts in the cutoff region are larger than those in the plateau region.With the increase of the absolute value of the chirp parameters,the frequency shifts of HHG become more significant,leading to the shifts from odd-to even-order harmonics.We also demonstrate that the frequency shifts of harmonic spectra are related to the duration of the chirped laser field,but are insensitive to the laser intensity and dephasing time.展开更多
A new oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed high-order[7+3]annulation reaction ofγ-indolyl phenols as 1,7-dinucleophiles andα,β-alkynals with the aid of Sc(OTf)_(3)is reported,enabling the highly regiosel...A new oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed high-order[7+3]annulation reaction ofγ-indolyl phenols as 1,7-dinucleophiles andα,β-alkynals with the aid of Sc(OTf)_(3)is reported,enabling the highly regioselective access to unprecedented polyarene-fused ten-membered lactams bearing a bridged aryl-aryl-indole scaffold in moderate to good yields.This protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope,good compatibility with substituents and complete regioselectivity,providing an organocatalytic modular synthetic strategy for creating medium-sized lactams.展开更多
Thermal expansion is crucial for various industrial processes and is increasingly the focus of research endeavors aimed at improving material performance.However,it is the continuous advancements in first-principles c...Thermal expansion is crucial for various industrial processes and is increasingly the focus of research endeavors aimed at improving material performance.However,it is the continuous advancements in first-principles calculations that have enabled researchers to understand the microscopic origins of thermal expansion.In this study,we propose a coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)calculation scheme based on self-consistent phonon theory,incorporating the fourth-order anharmonicity.We selected four structures(Si,CaZrF_(6),SrTiO_(3),NaBr)to investigate high-order anharmonicity’s impact on their CTEs,based on bonding types.The results indicate that our method goes beyond the second-order quasi-harmonic approximation and the third-order perturbation theory,aligning closely with experimental data.Furthermore,we observed that an increase in the ionicity of the structures leads to a more pronounced influence of high-order anharmonicity on CTE,with this effect primarily manifesting in variations of the Grüneisen parameter.Our research provides a theoretical foundation for accurately predicting and regulating the thermal expansion behavior of materials.展开更多
Organoids are three-dimensional stem cell-derived models that offer a more physiologically relevant representation of tumor biology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell cultures or animal models.Organoids pres...Organoids are three-dimensional stem cell-derived models that offer a more physiologically relevant representation of tumor biology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell cultures or animal models.Organoids preserve the complex tissue architecture and cellular diversity of human cancers,enabling more accurate predictions of tumor growth,metastasis,and drug responses.Integration with microfluidic platforms,such as organ-on-a-chip systems,further enhances the ability to model tumor-environment interactions in real-time.Organoids facilitate in-depth exploration of tumor heterogeneity,molecular mechanisms,and the development of personalized treatment strategies when coupled with multi-omics technologies.Organoids provide a platform for investigating tumor-immune cell interactions,which aid in the design and testing of immune-based therapies and vaccines.Taken together,these features position organoids as a transformative tool in advancing cancer research and precision medicine.展开更多
Lynch syndrome(LS)is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer(CRC)predisposition syndrome,characterized by a high mutational burden and microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)tumors.Immunology of LS-associated CRC(...Lynch syndrome(LS)is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer(CRC)predisposition syndrome,characterized by a high mutational burden and microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)tumors.Immunology of LS-associated CRC(LS-CRC)is unique,with significant implications for treatment.Despite well-established knowledge of LS immunology,immunotherapy dose and treatment response can vary significantly based on local tumor immunity and specific germline pathogenic variant of LS genes.This variability necessitates tailored surveillance strategies and new personalised immunotherapy approaches for LS patients.LS-CRC often benefits from immunotherapy due to the distinct tumor microenvironment(TME)and the variety of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs).This perspective discusses a novel approach of analysing spatial TILs at a single-cell level using tumor whole slide images(WSIs)that accounts for the distinct TME of LS-CRC.By emphasizing the necessity of personalized medicine in hereditary cancer syndromes,the future research and clinical practices that enhance patient outcomes through precision oncology is inspired.展开更多
An efficient and accurate scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)scheme for numerically solving nonlinear parabolic integro-differential equation(PIDE)is developed in this paper.The original equation is first transformed into ...An efficient and accurate scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)scheme for numerically solving nonlinear parabolic integro-differential equation(PIDE)is developed in this paper.The original equation is first transformed into an equivalent system,and the k-order backward differentiation formula(BDF k)and central difference formula are used to discretize the temporal and spatial derivatives,respectively.Different from the traditional discrete method that adopts full implicit or full explicit for the nonlinear integral terms,the proposed scheme is based on the SAV idea and can be treated semi-implicitly,taking into account both accuracy and effectiveness.Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the high-order convergence(up to fourth-order)of the developed schemes and it is computationally efficient in long-time computations.展开更多
Micro-grinding has been widely used in aerospace and other industry.However,the small diameter of the micro-grinding tool has limited its machining performance and efficiency.In order to solve the above problems,micro...Micro-grinding has been widely used in aerospace and other industry.However,the small diameter of the micro-grinding tool has limited its machining performance and efficiency.In order to solve the above problems,micro-structure has been applied on the micro-grinding tool.A morphology modeling has been established in this study to characterize the surface of microstructured micro-grinding tool,and the grinding performance of micro-structured micro-grinding tool has been analyzed through undeformed chip thickness,abrasive edge width,and effective distance between abrasives.Then deviation analysis,path optimization and parameter optimization of microchannel array precision grinding have been finished to improve processing quality and efficiency,and the deflection angle has the most obvious effects on the rectangular slot depth,micro-structured micro-grinding tool could reduce 10%surface roughness and 20%grinding force compared to original micro-grinding tool.Finally,the microchannel array has been machined with a size deviation of 2μm and surface roughness of 0.2μm.展开更多
With the progression of photolithography processes,the present technology nodes have attained 3 nm and even 2 nm,necessitating a transition in the precision standards for displacement measurement and alignment methodo...With the progression of photolithography processes,the present technology nodes have attained 3 nm and even 2 nm,necessitating a transition in the precision standards for displacement measurement and alignment methodologies from the nanometer scale to the sub-nanometer scale.Metasurfaces,owing to their superior light field manipulation capabilities,exhibit significant promise in the domains of displacement measurement and positioning,and are anticipated to be applied in the advanced alignment systems of lithography machines.This paper primarily provides an overview of the contemporary alignment and precise displacement measurement technologies employed in photolithography stages,alongside the operational principles of metasurfaces in the context of precise displacement measurement and alignment.Furthermore,it explores the evolution of metasurface systems capable of achieving nano/sub-nano precision,and identifies the critical issues associated with sub-nanometer measurements using metasurfaces,as well as the principal obstacles encountered in their implementation within photolithography stages.The objective is to provide initial guidance for the advancement of photolithography technology.展开更多
We performed real-time and real-space numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation in the threedimensional structured molecule methane(CH_(4)) using time-dependent density functional theory. By irradiating ...We performed real-time and real-space numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation in the threedimensional structured molecule methane(CH_(4)) using time-dependent density functional theory. By irradiating the methane molecule with an elliptically polarized laser pulse polarized in the x–y plane, we observed significant even-order harmonic emission in the z-direction. By analyzing the electron dynamics in the electric field and the multi-orbital effects of the molecule, we revealed that electron recombination near specific atoms in methane is the primary source of highorder harmonic generation in the z-direction. Furthermore, we identified the dominant molecular orbitals responsible for the enhancement of harmonics in this direction and demonstrated the critical role played by multi-orbital effects in this process.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks as the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths,representing a significant health burden.Despite advancements in traditional treatments such a...Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks as the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths,representing a significant health burden.Despite advancements in traditional treatments such as surgery,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,these approaches still face challenges,including high costs,limited efficacy,and drug resistance.Drug repurposing has emerged as a promising strategy for CRC treatment,offering advantages with reduced development timelines,lower costs,and improved drug accessibility.This review explores drug repurposing strategies for CRC,supported by multidisciplinary technologies,and discusses the current challenges in the field.展开更多
With the continuous improvement of signal processing accuracy requirements in modern electronic systems,the demand for high-precision analog-to-digital converters(ADCs)is increasing.Sigma-Delta modulator,as the most i...With the continuous improvement of signal processing accuracy requirements in modern electronic systems,the demand for high-precision analog-to-digital converters(ADCs)is increasing.Sigma-Delta modulator,as the most important component of high-precision ADC,is widely used in high-quality audio,high-precision instrument measurement,and other fields due to its advantages of high precision,strong noise resistance,and low hardware cost.This article designs a discrete structure third-order four-bit high-precision Sigma-Delta modulator through modeling,with an oversampling rate set to 512.Under ideal conditions,the simulation results show that the SDNR reaches 152.7db and the ENOB is 25.24bits.After introducing non-ideal noise,the system performance has decreased.The simulation results show that the SDNR is as high as 124.5db and the ENOB is 20.39bits.This indicates that the design can achieve high-precision conversion and provide assistance for further research in the future.展开更多
Approximately 2.5%of the global population experience allergic reactions to seafood,making it one of the most prevalent and life-threatening allergies.Seafood allergy can lead to the disruption of the intestinal barri...Approximately 2.5%of the global population experience allergic reactions to seafood,making it one of the most prevalent and life-threatening allergies.Seafood allergy can lead to the disruption of the intestinal barrier,possibly due to aberrant intestinal glycosylation.In this study,the mechanisms underlying seafood allergy were explored through the lens of intestinal glycobiology.Mice were sensitized with tropomyosin,resulting in significant increases in allergy symptom scores,specific antibody and T helper 2 cytokine levels.Intestinal damage was confirmed by histopathology,as well as by assessments and levels of diamine oxidase and claudin-1.Moreover,alterations in glycosylated proteins within the jejunum were analyzed using highthroughput mass spectrometry and the pGlyco3.0 search engine.Precision N-glycoproteomics analysis yielded 2283 glycosylation peptides corresponding to 655 unique glycosylation sites on 399 proteins.Differential expression and enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed glycoproteins were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction pathway and focal adhesion pathway.In conclusion,tropomyosin sensitization leads to intestinal glycome changes,accompanied by remodeling of the intestinal ECM.Our research establishes an essential theoretical basis for targeting the intestinal glycome and ECM remodeling in a precise and fine-tuned manner for the treatment of food allergies.展开更多
The high-speed development of space defense technology demands a high state estimation capacity for spacecraft tracking methods.However,reentry flight is accompanied by complex flight environments,which brings to the ...The high-speed development of space defense technology demands a high state estimation capacity for spacecraft tracking methods.However,reentry flight is accompanied by complex flight environments,which brings to the uncertain,complex,and strongly coupled non-Gaussian detection noise.As a result,there are several intractable considerations on the problem of state estimation tasks corrupted by complex non-Gaussian outliers for non-linear dynamics systems in practical application.To address these issues,a new iterated rational quadratic(RQ)kernel high-order unscented Kalman filtering(IRQHUKF)algorithm via capturing the statistics to break through the limitations of the Gaussian assumption is proposed.Firstly,the characteristic analysis of the RQ kernel is investigated in detail,which is the first attempt to carry out an exploration of the heavy-tailed characteristic and the ability on capturing highorder moments of the RQ kernel.Subsequently,the RQ kernel method is first introduced into the UKF algorithm as an error optimization criterion,termed the iterated RQ kernel-UKF(RQ-UKF)algorithm by derived analytically,which not only retains the high-order moments propagation process but also enhances the approximation capacity in the non-Gaussian noise problem for its ability in capturing highorder moments and heavy-tailed characteristics.Meanwhile,to tackle the limitations of the Gaussian distribution assumption in the linearization process of the non-linear systems,the high-order Sigma Points(SP)as a subsidiary role in propagating the state high-order statistics is devised by the moments matching method to improve the RQ-UKF.Finally,to further improve the flexibility of the IRQ-HUKF algorithm in practical application,an adaptive kernel parameter is derived analytically grounded in the Kullback-Leibler divergence(KLD)method and parametric sensitivity analysis of the RQ kernel.The simulation results demonstrate that the novel IRQ-HUKF algorithm is more robust and outperforms the existing advanced UKF with respect to the kernel method in reentry vehicle tracking scenarios under various noise environments.展开更多
文摘In the dynamic landscape of modern healthcare and precision medicine,the digital revolution is reshaping medical industries at an unprecedented pace,and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is no exception[1-4].The paper“From digits towards digitization:the past,present,and future of traditional Chinese medicine”by Academician&TCM National Master Qi WANG(王琦).
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,No.YDZJ202401182ZYTSJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Infectious Diseases,No.20200601011JCJilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Precision Prevention and Control for Common Diseases,Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission,No.2022C036.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is driving a paradigm shift in gastroenterology and hepa-tology by delivering cutting-edge tools for disease screening,diagnosis,treatment,and prognostic management.Through deep learning,radiomics,and multimodal data integration,AI has achieved diagnostic parity with expert cli-nicians in endoscopic image analysis(e.g.,early gastric cancer detection,colorectal polyp identification)and non-invasive assessment of liver pathologies(e.g.,fibrosis staging,fatty liver typing)while demonstrating utility in personalized care scenarios such as predicting hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence and opti-mizing inflammatory bowel disease treatment responses.Despite these advance-ments challenges persist including limited model generalization due to frag-mented datasets,algorithmic limitations in rare conditions(e.g.,pediatric liver diseases)caused by insufficient training data,and unresolved ethical issues related to bias,accountability,and patient privacy.Mitigation strategies involve constructing standardized multicenter databases,validating AI tools through prospective trials,leveraging federated learning to address data scarcity,and de-veloping interpretable systems(e.g.,attention heatmap visualization)to enhance clinical trust.Integrating generative AI,digital twin technologies,and establishing unified ethical/regulatory frameworks will accelerate AI adoption in primary care and foster equitable healthcare access while interdisciplinary collaboration and evidence-based implementation remain critical for realizing AI’s potential to redefine precision care for digestive disorders,improve global health outcomes,and reshape healthcare equity.
基金Projects(U22B2084,52275483,52075142)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2023ZY01050)supported by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology High Quality Development,China。
文摘The gears of new energy vehicles are required to withstand higher rotational speeds and greater loads,which puts forward higher precision essentials for gear manufacturing.However,machining process parameters can cause changes in cutting force/heat,resulting in affecting gear machining precision.Therefore,this paper studies the effect of different process parameters on gear machining precision.A multi-objective optimization model is established for the relationship between process parameters and tooth surface deviations,tooth profile deviations,and tooth lead deviations through the cutting speed,feed rate,and cutting depth of the worm wheel gear grinding machine.The response surface method(RSM)is used for experimental design,and the corresponding experimental results and optimal process parameters are obtained.Subsequently,gray relational analysis-principal component analysis(GRA-PCA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and genetic algorithm-particle swarm optimization(GA-PSO)methods are used to analyze the experimental results and obtain different optimal process parameters.The results show that optimal process parameters obtained by the GRA-PCA,PSO,and GA-PSO methods improve the gear machining precision.Moreover,the gear machining precision obtained by GA-PSO is superior to other methods.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82103614 and 32171363)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2021J05007)+4 种基金funding from the start-up fund for Fujian Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Breast CancerXiamen’s Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Endocrine-Related Cancersstart-up and supporting funds from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University,Yunnan Cancer Hospital for Guo-Jun Zhang and Jing-Wen BaiKey Research and development program for social development of Yunnan Science and Technology Department(Grant No.202403AC100014-2)horizontal project funding from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University(Grant Nos.20233160A0866 and 20243160A0511)。
文摘The management of breast cancer,one of the most common and heterogeneous malignancies,has transformed with the advent of precision medicine.This review explores current developments in genetic profiling,molecular diagnostics,and targeted therapies that have revolutionized breast cancer treatment.Key innovations,such as cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6(CDK4/6)inhibitors,antibodydrug conjugates(ADCs),and immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),have improved outcomes for hormone receptor-positive(HR+),HER2-positive(HER2+),and triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)subtypes remarkably.Additionally,emerging treatments,such as PI3K inhibitors,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitors,and m RNA-based therapies,offer new avenues for targeting specific genetic mutations and improving treatment response,particularly in difficult-to-treat breast cancer subtypes.The integration of liquid biopsy technologies provides a non-invasive approach for real-time monitoring of tumor evolution and treatment response,thus enabling dynamic adjustments to therapy.Molecular imaging and artificial intelligence(AI)are increasingly crucial in enhancing diagnostic precision,personalizing treatment plans,and predicting therapeutic outcomes.As precision medicine continues to evolve,it has the potential to significantly improve survival rates,decrease recurrence,and enhance quality of life for patients with breast cancer.By combining cutting-edge diagnostics,personalized therapies,and emerging treatments,precision medicine can transform breast cancer care by offering more effective,individualized,and less invasive treatment options.
文摘The increasing use of UAV-based LiDAR systems for high-resolution mapping highlights the need for reliable,field-validated accuracy assessment methods.This study presents a practical technique for evaluating geometric and radiometric performance using georeferenced,high-reflectivity foil targets.The method enables precise extraction of target centers and correction of systematic georeferencing errors through 3D transformation.The approach was applied at the Tora Cement Factory in Cairo,Egypt—an industrial site with complex topography—using a DJI Matrice 300 RTK UAV equipped with the Zenmuse L1 LiDAR sensor and Zenmuse P1 photogrammetric camera.Three test flights were performed at altitudes of 50 m(nadir and oblique)and 70 m(oblique),with a high-resolution Structure-from-Motion(SfM)point cloud generated for reference.After transformation,the global RMSE of the LiDAR dataset was reduced to approximately 2.8∼3.2 cm,improving upon the raw uncorrected accuracy of up to 4.6 cm.Surface-wise comparisons showed RMSEs of 3.1 cm on flat areas,3.8 cm on rugged terrain,and 4.5 cm on vertical structures.Additionally,the RGB data embedded in the LiDAR point cloud exhibited a systematic spatial offset between 18 and 43 cm,with an average internal standard deviation near 5 cm,indicating a potential limitation for radiometric applications.The proposed method offers a cost-effective,accurate,and repeatable solution for UAV LiDAR validation and supports operational deployment,quality assurance,and system calibration in real-world scenarios.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2024QH058).
文摘In the era of precision medicine,the breast cancer surgical treatment field is gradually moving toward a de-escalation model.Through precise preoperative assessments and multidisciplinary decision-making,surgical trauma can be decreased,and patients’quality of life can be improved by ensuring safety.Herein,we explore the axillary de-escalation surgery model for breast cancer.
文摘Precision Psychiatry in Mood Disorders refers to the application of precision medicine principles in the field of mood disorders,such as depression and bipolar disorder.It involves the use of advanced technologies,biomarkers,and personalized treatment approaches to improve the accuracy of diagnosis,prognosis,and treatment selection for individuals with mood disorders.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20230101014JC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374265)。
文摘We investigate theoretically the effects of chirped laser pulses on high-order harmonic generation(HHG)from solids.We find that the harmonic spectra display redshifts for the driving laser pulses with negative chirp and blueshifts for those with positive chirp,which is due to the change in the instantaneous frequency of the driving laser for different chirped pulses.The analysis of crystal-momentum-resolved(k-resolved)HHG reveals that the frequency shifts are equal for the harmonics generated by different crystal momentum channels.The frequency shifts in the cutoff region are larger than those in the plateau region.With the increase of the absolute value of the chirp parameters,the frequency shifts of HHG become more significant,leading to the shifts from odd-to even-order harmonics.We also demonstrate that the frequency shifts of harmonic spectra are related to the duration of the chirped laser field,but are insensitive to the laser intensity and dephasing time.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21971090 and 22271123)the NSF of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20230201)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Education Committee(No.22KJB150024)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Normal University(No.21XSRX010)。
文摘A new oxidative N-heterocyclic carbene(NHC)-catalyzed high-order[7+3]annulation reaction ofγ-indolyl phenols as 1,7-dinucleophiles andα,β-alkynals with the aid of Sc(OTf)_(3)is reported,enabling the highly regioselective access to unprecedented polyarene-fused ten-membered lactams bearing a bridged aryl-aryl-indole scaffold in moderate to good yields.This protocol demonstrates a broad substrate scope,good compatibility with substituents and complete regioselectivity,providing an organocatalytic modular synthetic strategy for creating medium-sized lactams.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62125402).
文摘Thermal expansion is crucial for various industrial processes and is increasingly the focus of research endeavors aimed at improving material performance.However,it is the continuous advancements in first-principles calculations that have enabled researchers to understand the microscopic origins of thermal expansion.In this study,we propose a coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)calculation scheme based on self-consistent phonon theory,incorporating the fourth-order anharmonicity.We selected four structures(Si,CaZrF_(6),SrTiO_(3),NaBr)to investigate high-order anharmonicity’s impact on their CTEs,based on bonding types.The results indicate that our method goes beyond the second-order quasi-harmonic approximation and the third-order perturbation theory,aligning closely with experimental data.Furthermore,we observed that an increase in the ionicity of the structures leads to a more pronounced influence of high-order anharmonicity on CTE,with this effect primarily manifesting in variations of the Grüneisen parameter.Our research provides a theoretical foundation for accurately predicting and regulating the thermal expansion behavior of materials.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(Grant No.2021RU002)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.Z240013)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82450111,82388102,82373416,and 92259303)Beijing Research Ward Excellence Program(Grant Nos.BRWEP2024W034080200 and BRWEP2024W034080204)Peking University People’s Hospital Research and Development Funds(Grant No.RZG2024-02).
文摘Organoids are three-dimensional stem cell-derived models that offer a more physiologically relevant representation of tumor biology compared to traditional two-dimensional cell cultures or animal models.Organoids preserve the complex tissue architecture and cellular diversity of human cancers,enabling more accurate predictions of tumor growth,metastasis,and drug responses.Integration with microfluidic platforms,such as organ-on-a-chip systems,further enhances the ability to model tumor-environment interactions in real-time.Organoids facilitate in-depth exploration of tumor heterogeneity,molecular mechanisms,and the development of personalized treatment strategies when coupled with multi-omics technologies.Organoids provide a platform for investigating tumor-immune cell interactions,which aid in the design and testing of immune-based therapies and vaccines.Taken together,these features position organoids as a transformative tool in advancing cancer research and precision medicine.
文摘Lynch syndrome(LS)is the most common hereditary colorectal cancer(CRC)predisposition syndrome,characterized by a high mutational burden and microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)tumors.Immunology of LS-associated CRC(LS-CRC)is unique,with significant implications for treatment.Despite well-established knowledge of LS immunology,immunotherapy dose and treatment response can vary significantly based on local tumor immunity and specific germline pathogenic variant of LS genes.This variability necessitates tailored surveillance strategies and new personalised immunotherapy approaches for LS patients.LS-CRC often benefits from immunotherapy due to the distinct tumor microenvironment(TME)and the variety of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs).This perspective discusses a novel approach of analysing spatial TILs at a single-cell level using tumor whole slide images(WSIs)that accounts for the distinct TME of LS-CRC.By emphasizing the necessity of personalized medicine in hereditary cancer syndromes,the future research and clinical practices that enhance patient outcomes through precision oncology is inspired.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12001210 and 12261103)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.252300420308)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.202301AT070117).
文摘An efficient and accurate scalar auxiliary variable(SAV)scheme for numerically solving nonlinear parabolic integro-differential equation(PIDE)is developed in this paper.The original equation is first transformed into an equivalent system,and the k-order backward differentiation formula(BDF k)and central difference formula are used to discretize the temporal and spatial derivatives,respectively.Different from the traditional discrete method that adopts full implicit or full explicit for the nonlinear integral terms,the proposed scheme is based on the SAV idea and can be treated semi-implicitly,taking into account both accuracy and effectiveness.Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the high-order convergence(up to fourth-order)of the developed schemes and it is computationally efficient in long-time computations.
基金co-supported by the Enterprise Innovation and Development Joint Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20B2032)Open Project Funding of State Key Laboratory for High Performance Tools(GXNGJSKL-2024-08)+1 种基金Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology(IMETKF2023005)Introduced Innovative Scientific Research Team Project of Zhongshan(the tenth batch)(CXTD2023008)。
文摘Micro-grinding has been widely used in aerospace and other industry.However,the small diameter of the micro-grinding tool has limited its machining performance and efficiency.In order to solve the above problems,micro-structure has been applied on the micro-grinding tool.A morphology modeling has been established in this study to characterize the surface of microstructured micro-grinding tool,and the grinding performance of micro-structured micro-grinding tool has been analyzed through undeformed chip thickness,abrasive edge width,and effective distance between abrasives.Then deviation analysis,path optimization and parameter optimization of microchannel array precision grinding have been finished to improve processing quality and efficiency,and the deflection angle has the most obvious effects on the rectangular slot depth,micro-structured micro-grinding tool could reduce 10%surface roughness and 20%grinding force compared to original micro-grinding tool.Finally,the microchannel array has been machined with a size deviation of 2μm and surface roughness of 0.2μm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62222511)National Key Research and Devel-opment Program of China(No.2023YFF0613000)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province China(No.LR22F050006)STI 2030-Major Projects(No.2021ZD0200401).
文摘With the progression of photolithography processes,the present technology nodes have attained 3 nm and even 2 nm,necessitating a transition in the precision standards for displacement measurement and alignment methodologies from the nanometer scale to the sub-nanometer scale.Metasurfaces,owing to their superior light field manipulation capabilities,exhibit significant promise in the domains of displacement measurement and positioning,and are anticipated to be applied in the advanced alignment systems of lithography machines.This paper primarily provides an overview of the contemporary alignment and precise displacement measurement technologies employed in photolithography stages,alongside the operational principles of metasurfaces in the context of precise displacement measurement and alignment.Furthermore,it explores the evolution of metasurface systems capable of achieving nano/sub-nano precision,and identifies the critical issues associated with sub-nanometer measurements using metasurfaces,as well as the principal obstacles encountered in their implementation within photolithography stages.The objective is to provide initial guidance for the advancement of photolithography technology.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12204214)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFE0134200)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. GK202207012), QCYRCXM-2022-241the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2025A1515011117)。
文摘We performed real-time and real-space numerical simulations of high-order harmonic generation in the threedimensional structured molecule methane(CH_(4)) using time-dependent density functional theory. By irradiating the methane molecule with an elliptically polarized laser pulse polarized in the x–y plane, we observed significant even-order harmonic emission in the z-direction. By analyzing the electron dynamics in the electric field and the multi-orbital effects of the molecule, we revealed that electron recombination near specific atoms in methane is the primary source of highorder harmonic generation in the z-direction. Furthermore, we identified the dominant molecular orbitals responsible for the enhancement of harmonics in this direction and demonstrated the critical role played by multi-orbital effects in this process.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82273457the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515012762Science and Technology Special Project of Guangdong Province,No.210715216902829.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)ranks as the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths,representing a significant health burden.Despite advancements in traditional treatments such as surgery,chemotherapy,targeted therapy,and immunotherapy,these approaches still face challenges,including high costs,limited efficacy,and drug resistance.Drug repurposing has emerged as a promising strategy for CRC treatment,offering advantages with reduced development timelines,lower costs,and improved drug accessibility.This review explores drug repurposing strategies for CRC,supported by multidisciplinary technologies,and discusses the current challenges in the field.
文摘With the continuous improvement of signal processing accuracy requirements in modern electronic systems,the demand for high-precision analog-to-digital converters(ADCs)is increasing.Sigma-Delta modulator,as the most important component of high-precision ADC,is widely used in high-quality audio,high-precision instrument measurement,and other fields due to its advantages of high precision,strong noise resistance,and low hardware cost.This article designs a discrete structure third-order four-bit high-precision Sigma-Delta modulator through modeling,with an oversampling rate set to 512.Under ideal conditions,the simulation results show that the SDNR reaches 152.7db and the ENOB is 25.24bits.After introducing non-ideal noise,the system performance has decreased.The simulation results show that the SDNR is as high as 124.5db and the ENOB is 20.39bits.This indicates that the design can achieve high-precision conversion and provide assistance for further research in the future.
基金funded by the Tianfu Emei Plan(a talent program of Sichuan Province,China),awarded to Huilian Che。
文摘Approximately 2.5%of the global population experience allergic reactions to seafood,making it one of the most prevalent and life-threatening allergies.Seafood allergy can lead to the disruption of the intestinal barrier,possibly due to aberrant intestinal glycosylation.In this study,the mechanisms underlying seafood allergy were explored through the lens of intestinal glycobiology.Mice were sensitized with tropomyosin,resulting in significant increases in allergy symptom scores,specific antibody and T helper 2 cytokine levels.Intestinal damage was confirmed by histopathology,as well as by assessments and levels of diamine oxidase and claudin-1.Moreover,alterations in glycosylated proteins within the jejunum were analyzed using highthroughput mass spectrometry and the pGlyco3.0 search engine.Precision N-glycoproteomics analysis yielded 2283 glycosylation peptides corresponding to 655 unique glycosylation sites on 399 proteins.Differential expression and enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed glycoproteins were significantly enriched in the extracellular matrix(ECM)-receptor interaction pathway and focal adhesion pathway.In conclusion,tropomyosin sensitization leads to intestinal glycome changes,accompanied by remodeling of the intestinal ECM.Our research establishes an essential theoretical basis for targeting the intestinal glycome and ECM remodeling in a precise and fine-tuned manner for the treatment of food allergies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12072090.
文摘The high-speed development of space defense technology demands a high state estimation capacity for spacecraft tracking methods.However,reentry flight is accompanied by complex flight environments,which brings to the uncertain,complex,and strongly coupled non-Gaussian detection noise.As a result,there are several intractable considerations on the problem of state estimation tasks corrupted by complex non-Gaussian outliers for non-linear dynamics systems in practical application.To address these issues,a new iterated rational quadratic(RQ)kernel high-order unscented Kalman filtering(IRQHUKF)algorithm via capturing the statistics to break through the limitations of the Gaussian assumption is proposed.Firstly,the characteristic analysis of the RQ kernel is investigated in detail,which is the first attempt to carry out an exploration of the heavy-tailed characteristic and the ability on capturing highorder moments of the RQ kernel.Subsequently,the RQ kernel method is first introduced into the UKF algorithm as an error optimization criterion,termed the iterated RQ kernel-UKF(RQ-UKF)algorithm by derived analytically,which not only retains the high-order moments propagation process but also enhances the approximation capacity in the non-Gaussian noise problem for its ability in capturing highorder moments and heavy-tailed characteristics.Meanwhile,to tackle the limitations of the Gaussian distribution assumption in the linearization process of the non-linear systems,the high-order Sigma Points(SP)as a subsidiary role in propagating the state high-order statistics is devised by the moments matching method to improve the RQ-UKF.Finally,to further improve the flexibility of the IRQ-HUKF algorithm in practical application,an adaptive kernel parameter is derived analytically grounded in the Kullback-Leibler divergence(KLD)method and parametric sensitivity analysis of the RQ kernel.The simulation results demonstrate that the novel IRQ-HUKF algorithm is more robust and outperforms the existing advanced UKF with respect to the kernel method in reentry vehicle tracking scenarios under various noise environments.
