Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the levels of 12 cytokines in the cervical microenvironment and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus...Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the levels of 12 cytokines in the cervical microenvironment and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection.Methods Female patients(n=73)with HR-HPV infection were enrolled and divided into a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)group(n=33)and a non-HSIL(N-HSIL)group(n=40),which include low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and inflammation.Healthy screening subjects(n=31)with negative HR-HPV results were enrolled as a control group.We examined contemporaneous plasma and secretory cytokines from 25 study subjects to investigate the difference between systemic cytokine profiles and the local microenvironment immunity using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.The 12 cytokines from cervical secretions were compared between the three groups using the Mann-Whitney test,and logistic regression was used to analyze HSIL and N-HSIL.Results There were statistical differences in eight cytokines(IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-12p70,IFN-α,and IL-8)between cervical secretion and plasma of the same patient,and seven cytokines were statistically different between the control and other two groups.We selected four independent variables(TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-12p70,and IFN-α)commonly identified by univariate regression analysis and non-parametric tests for multivariate logistic regression analysis.Based on this model,HSIL could be predicted in patients with HR-HPV infection,with the area under the curve being 0.76.Conclusion The systemic cytokine profile cannot reflect the local microenvironment immunity,and the occurrence of HSIL is related to the cytokine levels in the cervical microenvironment.展开更多
High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a challenging diagnosis and itdoes not exhibit mass lesions. It is suspected based on changes in the mainpancreatic duct in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatograph...High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a challenging diagnosis and itdoes not exhibit mass lesions. It is suspected based on changes in the mainpancreatic duct in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Sometimesonly an unclear duct shows in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographywith no focal strictures and upstream dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Serialpancreatic juice cytology is valuable in diagnosis of those patients.展开更多
Myofibroblastic sarcoma(MS)is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor characterized by myofibroblasts.It most commonly arises in the head and neck region,especially the tongue,with rare occurrences in the limbs.MS exhibits...Myofibroblastic sarcoma(MS)is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor characterized by myofibroblasts.It most commonly arises in the head and neck region,especially the tongue,with rare occurrences in the limbs.MS exhibits varying histopathology,ranging from low-to high-grade,with diverse subtypes showing different clinical behaviors and prognoses.This article reports the first case of high-grade MS in the hand,adding to the limited documentation of this rare condition.Here,we present the case of a 30-year-old healthy female with a year-long history of progressive shortening,mobility loss,and weakness in the first finger of the left hand.Left-hand imaging revealed a lytic,cottony tumor involving the entire first metacarpal.Following surgical resection,which included metatarsal grafting and joint reconstruction,a diagnosis of high-grade MS was confirmed based on histological manifestations and immunohistochemical staining,which was further classified as grade 2 according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group system.Postoperative radiotherapy was administered and the patient experienced a successful recovery without graft osteonecrosis.The patient regained 90%mobility and strength,without shortening,after surgical resection and radiotherapy.Six months post-surgery,the patient reported full hand functionality.MS is a rare tumor that infrequently affects bones and is often misdiagnosed owing to its controversial characteristics.The initial treatment should focus on complete resection with negative margins,followed by reconstructive surgery to preserve function.Further case studies are needed to establish standardized surgical treatment protocols.展开更多
Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,techno...Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Claudin-6(CLDN6),a tight junction protein typically restricted to embryonic tissues,is re-expressed in various cancers.However,its prognostic significance in high-grade endometrial carcinoma(HGEC)remains un...BACKGROUND Claudin-6(CLDN6),a tight junction protein typically restricted to embryonic tissues,is re-expressed in various cancers.However,its prognostic significance in high-grade endometrial carcinoma(HGEC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the expression pattern of CLDN6 in HGEC and assess its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of CLDN6 expression was performed on formalinfixed,paraffin-embedded tissues from 80 patients diagnosed with HGEC.Associations between CLDN6 expression and histological subtype,the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage,depth of myometrial invasion,lymphovascular space invasion,recurrence,and survival outcomes were statistically analysed.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify independent prognostic factors.RESULTS High CLDN6 expression was detected in a subset of HGEC patients and was significantly associated with nonendometrioid histology(P=0.026),advanced FIGO stage(P=0.015),deep myometrial invasion(P=0.038),and recurrence(P=0.002).While Kaplan-Meier analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the high CLDN6 expression group and the low CLDN6 expression group,multivariate Cox regression revealed that CLDN6 overexpression was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free survival[hazard ratio(HR)=68.98,P=0.022]and overall survival(HR=24.023,P=0.038).CONCLUSION CLDN6 overexpression is associated with aggressive tumor features and poor clinical outcomes in HGEC,suggesting its utility as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.展开更多
The superconducting high gradient magnetic separation(S-HGMS)technology can be used to effectively extract silica from iron ore tailings(IOTs).However,particle agglomeration in strong magnetic fields poses a challenge...The superconducting high gradient magnetic separation(S-HGMS)technology can be used to effectively extract silica from iron ore tailings(IOTs).However,particle agglomeration in strong magnetic fields poses a challenge in achieving optimal performance.In this study,we investigated the agglomeration of IOT particles and the mechanisms for its inhibition through surface analysis,density functional theory(DFT),and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(EDLVO)theory.Hematite was found to exhibit the highest magnetic moment among the minerals present in IOTs,making it particularly prone to magnetic agglomeration.The addition of the dispersant SDSH into the slurry was essential in promoting the dispersion of IOT particles during the S-HGMS process.This dispersant hydrolyzed to form HPO_(4)^(2-)and RSO_(3)^(-)groups in the solution,which then chemically adsorbed onto the metal ions exposed on the surfaces of non-quartz particles,increasing interparticle electrostatic repulsion.Furthermore,the RSO_(3)^(-)groups physically adsorbed onto the surface of quartz particles,resulting in strong steric repulsion and enhancing the hydrophilicity of the particle surfaces,thereby inhibiting magnetic agglomeration between the particles.Under optimal conditions,the SiO_(2)grade of the obtained high-grade silica powder increased from an initial value of 76.32%in IOTs to 97.42%,achieving a SiO_(2)recovery rate of 54.81%,which meets the requirements for quartz sand used in glass preparation.This study provides valuable insights into the magnetic agglomeration of IOT particles and its inhibition while providing a foundation for regulating S-HGMS processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)have significantly enhanced the capabilities of endoscopic-assisted diagnosis for gastrointestinal diseases.AI has shown great promise in clinical practice,...BACKGROUND Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)have significantly enhanced the capabilities of endoscopic-assisted diagnosis for gastrointestinal diseases.AI has shown great promise in clinical practice,particularly for diagnostic support,offering real-time insights into complex conditions such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY In this study,we introduce a multimodal AI system that successfully identified and delineated a small and flat carcinoma during esophagogastroduodenoscopy,highlighting its potential for early detection of malignancies.The lesion was confirmed as high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia,with pathology results supporting the AI system’s accuracy.The multimodal AI system offers an integrated solution that provides real-time,accurate diagnostic information directly within the endoscopic device interface,allowing for single-monitor use without disrupting endoscopist’s workflow.CONCLUSION This work underscores the transformative potential of AI to enhance endoscopic diagnosis by enabling earlier,more accurate interventions.展开更多
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma(HGSOC)is among the most lethal gynecological malignancies,characterized by late-stage diagnosis,extensive peritoneal dissemination,and limited treatment options,resulting...BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma(HGSOC)is among the most lethal gynecological malignancies,characterized by late-stage diagnosis,extensive peritoneal dissemination,and limited treatment options,resulting in poor survival outcomes.The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in disease progression and therapy resistance,with CD4+T cells exhibiting significant plasticity and functional heterogeneity.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are particularly implicated in immune suppression and tumor evasion.However,the spatial distribution,functional states,and prognostic significance of CD4+T cell subtypes in HGSOC remain poorly understood.AIM To characterize the functional heterogeneity and tissue-specific distributions of CD4+T cell subtypes in HGSOC and identify biomarkers for therapy.METHODS We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data from 42 HGSOC patients,examining samples collected from adnexal tissues and ascites.CD4+T cells were identified and classified into subtypes using unsupervised clustering and marker gene analysis.Functional profiling was performed using pathway enrichment,differential expression analysis,and functional signature scoring.Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards modeling were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of CD4+T cell subtypes.RESULTS Distinct distributions of CD4+T cell subtypes were identified between adnexal tissues and ascites.Naive CD4+T cells were predominant in ascites,while Tregs and CXCL13-expressing CD4+T cells were enriched in adnexal tissues.Tregs were further categorized into four subtypes(Treg1,Treg2,Treg3,and TISG),each exhibiting unique molecular signatures and tissue-specific adaptations.Treg3 cells,enriched in adnexal tissues,were characterized by high levels of activation and exhaustion markers,correlating with poor clinical outcomes in HGSOC patients.CONCLUSION Treg3 cells drive immune suppression and tumor progression in HGSOC,making them a key immunotherapy target.Their adnexal enrichment highlights the need for tissue-specific immune profiling in precision treatment.展开更多
The Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin is a new field of continental tight gas exploration in recent years.The fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(Xu4 Member),the major inter...The Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin is a new field of continental tight gas exploration in recent years.The fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(Xu4 Member),the major interval in the Jianyang Block of the Tianfu gas field in the basin,is characterized by considerable buried depth,tight reservoirs,and strong heterogeneity.By using cast thin section,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fluid inclusion thermometry,and core analysis,the reservoir rock types,dominant diageneses,diagenetic history,and controls on high-graded reservoirs were investigated.It is found that the Xu4 Member in Jianyang mainly consists of lithic feldspar sandstones and feldspar lithic sandstones,followed by lithic quartz sandstones.High-energy hydrodynamic conditions in the microfacies of underwater distributary channels and mouth bars are beneficial to the preservation of primary pores and the occurrence of secondary pores,and there are no significant differences in petrophysical properties between these two microfacies.Compaction and calcareous cementation are the dominant controls on reservoir porosity decrease in the Xujiahe Formation;corrosion is the major contributor to porosity increase by generating secondary dissolved pores,e.g.intragranular dissolved pores and intergranular dissolved pores,as major reservoir space in the study area.Fracture zones around the faults inside the Xujiahe Formation(fourth‒order faults)are favorable for proximal tight gas accumulation,preservation,and production.The research findings have been successfully applied to explore the Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin.They can be referential for other similar tight sandstone gas accumulations.展开更多
Objective:The expression of programmed death 1(PD-1)on CD8^(+)T cells is associated with their activation and exhaustion,while CD57 serves as a senescence marker.The impact of PD-1^(+)and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)T cells on the...Objective:The expression of programmed death 1(PD-1)on CD8^(+)T cells is associated with their activation and exhaustion,while CD57 serves as a senescence marker.The impact of PD-1^(+)and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)T cells on the prognosis of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)remain unclear.Methods:We assessed the percentages of PD-1^(+)and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs,n=85)and tumor ascites lymphocytes(TALs,n=87)using flow cytometry.The optimal cutoffs for these markers in TILs and TALs were determined through the log-rank maximization method.Gene expression analysis elucidated the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME,n=36).Results:Patients with higher PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs(>87.8%)exhibited longer platinum-free interval(PFI)and overall survival(OS).In contrast,those with elevated CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs(>28.69%)were more likely to experience chemotherapy and had lower complete remission rates,shorter PFI and OS.PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs are primarily displayed an effector memory state with strong proliferative and secretory capabilities.Approximately 50%of CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs were terminally differentiated,exhibiting significantly impaired proliferation.Based on the proportions of PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs,patients were categorized into good,median and poor prognosis groups,with median PFI of 47.78,27.29 and 11.96 months,respectively(P<0.0001).Median OS for these groups was not reach,49.23 and 30.92 months,respectively(P<0.0001).Patients with poor prognosis exhibit significantly reduced CD8^(+)T cell proportion and increased M2 macrophage in the TIME,alongside downregulation of multiple T cell activation-related pathways.Conclusions:Lower levels of PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs and higher CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs,assessed prior to treatment,correlated with poor prognosis and suppressive TIME in advanced HGSOC.展开更多
Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio ac...Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.展开更多
Under the influence of human activities,landscape fragmentation in the Wei River Basin(WRB)has become increasingly severe.Upstream development has intensified soil erosion,and industrial and agricultural pollution in ...Under the influence of human activities,landscape fragmentation in the Wei River Basin(WRB)has become increasingly severe.Upstream development has intensified soil erosion,and industrial and agricultural pollution in the middle reaches has degraded water quality.Rapid urbanization has further caused habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss.Collectively,these challenges threaten human well-being and hinder sustainable development,making the construction and optimization of an ecological security pattern(ESP)urgently necessary.However,existing studies often fail to systematically integrate future landscape ecological risk(LER)assessment with ESP optimization.This study evaluated regional LER using the“ecological patches-ecological resistance surface(ERS)-ecological corridor”framework,combined with land-use predictions under three development scenarios,and optimized the ESP by adjusting the ERS and extracting ecological corridors.The results indicate that the LER in the WRB follows an“inverted N”distribution,with low-risk areas concentrated in forested mountain regions and high-risk areas mainly in cultivated land subject to intensive human activity.Across future scenarios,ESPs showed fewer ecological breakpoints and improved landscape connectivity than the 2020 baseline.Scenario-based differences emerged in the spatial configuration of ERS adjustments,with the ecological protection scenario yielding the lowest LER and most favorable ESP.This study demonstrates the deep integration of multi-scenario simulation with LER assessment,providing a new framework for ESP optimization.The findings have guiding significance for ecological protection and coordinated development in the WRB and offer a novel paradigm for sustainable development in ecologically fragile basins worldwide.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a holistic medical system that classifies and treats diseases based on the concept of patterns.These patterns describe the pathophysiological process of a disease at a specific stag...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a holistic medical system that classifies and treats diseases based on the concept of patterns.These patterns describe the pathophysiological process of a disease at a specific stage,reflecting both external signs and internal features.TCM patterns are central to pattern differentiation,treatment,clinical practice,and theoretical development in TCM.However,scientific explanation of TCM patterns remains limited because of subjective diagnostic criteria,the absence of a standardized experimental medical system,and unclear biological mechanisms,which restrict the modernization and globalization of TCM.Addressing challenges such as strong subjectivity in diagnosis,lack of standardized experimental systems,and unclear biological mechanisms is necessary to clarify the scientific meaning of TCM patterns and to provide technical approaches for the modernization and globalization of TCM.A strategy focused on“pathogenic factors,genetic predisposition,and disease progression stages”was adopted.This approach included the following:(Ⅰ)constructing disease-pattern integrated biological models with animal models,organoids,and multi-organ chips;(Ⅱ)applying multi-omics technologies,such as spatial omics,single-cell omics,and dynamic metabolic flux omics;(Ⅲ)using artificial intelligence(AI)and big data for data integration and prediction of pattern evolution;and(Ⅳ)validating formula–pattern associations through the“pattern differentiation through formula efficacy”approach.These strategies directly address the main obstacles in TCM pattern research by providing objective,quantifiable,and reproducible methodologies.Constructing disease-pattern integrated models enabled cross-scale research platforms.Applying multi-omics technologies allowed analysis of complex biological bases.AI and big data approaches addressed challenges related to heterogeneous data.The“formula-based pattern differentiation”approach supported precise interventions and the development of new drugs.This interdisciplinary framework advances TCM pattern research by moving from empirical description to objective quantification.By integrating innovative approaches,the study establishes a foundation for systematic,evidence-based TCM diagnosis and treatment,supporting accuracy and promoting international recognition and modernization of TCM.The study shows that combining multi-omics technologies,AI-driven data analysis,and disease-pattern models enables objective quantification of TCM patterns and clarifies their biological mechanisms.展开更多
Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016...Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,...The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.展开更多
Enhancing the kinetic stability of glasses typically requires deepening their thermodynamic stability,which increases structural rigidity and degrades ductility;decoupling these properties remains a major challenge.He...Enhancing the kinetic stability of glasses typically requires deepening their thermodynamic stability,which increases structural rigidity and degrades ductility;decoupling these properties remains a major challenge.Here,we demonstrate that spatial patterning in metallic glasses produces exceptional kinetic ultrastability that coexists with a thermodynamically metastable,high-energy state and excellent plasticity.Guided by atomistic simulations using replica exchange molecular dynamics and machine learning interatomic potentials,we reveal that oxygen,through reaction-diffusion-coupled pattern dynamics,self-organizes into oxygen-centered pinned structures(OPSs)that serve as localized kinetic constraints.These motifs drastically slow structural relaxation,delivering kinetic stability comparable to ultrastable glasses even as the system retains the high inherent energy of rapidly quenched states.The OPSs’topology yields a spatially uniform activation of plastic events,promoting strain delocalization under mechanical load.By geometrically tailoring oxygen patterns,we increase the glass transition onset temperature(Tonset)by about 200 K with negligible loss of deformability.Our findings establish a practicable paradigm for decoupling kinetic and thermodynamic stability and point to a scalable,additive route for designing amorphous materials that combine hyperstability with plasticity.展开更多
Owing to the exceptional optoelectronic properties,metal halide perovskites have emerged as leading semiconductor materials for next-generation display technologies,providing perovskite light-emitting diodes(Pe LEDs)g...Owing to the exceptional optoelectronic properties,metal halide perovskites have emerged as leading semiconductor materials for next-generation display technologies,providing perovskite light-emitting diodes(Pe LEDs)great potential for high-quality color displays with a wide color gamut and pure color emission.Although laboratory-scale Pe LEDs have achieved neartheoretical efficiencies,challenges such as achieving uniform large-area films,improving material stability,and enhancing patterning precision remain barriers to commercialization.This review presents a systematic analysis of scalable manufacturing and precision patterning strategies for Pe LEDs,focusing on their applications in large-area lighting and full-color displays.Fabrication methods are categorized into film deposition techniques(spin-coating,blade-coating,and thermal evaporation)and patterning strategies,including top-down(photolithography,laser/e-beam lithography,and nanoimprinting)and bottom-up(patterned crystal growth,inkjet printing,and electrohydrodynamic jet printing)approaches.In this review,we discuss the advantages and limitations of each strategy,highlight current challenges,and outlook possible pathways towards scalable,high-performance Pe LEDs for advanced optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges...Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).展开更多
Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the im...Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2308800)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(25ZR1402053)the Key Discipline of Public Health of the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.GWVI-11.1-07).
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between the levels of 12 cytokines in the cervical microenvironment and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in patients with high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection.Methods Female patients(n=73)with HR-HPV infection were enrolled and divided into a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL)group(n=33)and a non-HSIL(N-HSIL)group(n=40),which include low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and inflammation.Healthy screening subjects(n=31)with negative HR-HPV results were enrolled as a control group.We examined contemporaneous plasma and secretory cytokines from 25 study subjects to investigate the difference between systemic cytokine profiles and the local microenvironment immunity using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.The 12 cytokines from cervical secretions were compared between the three groups using the Mann-Whitney test,and logistic regression was used to analyze HSIL and N-HSIL.Results There were statistical differences in eight cytokines(IL-2,IL-6,TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-1β,IL-12p70,IFN-α,and IL-8)between cervical secretion and plasma of the same patient,and seven cytokines were statistically different between the control and other two groups.We selected four independent variables(TNF-α,IFN-γ,IL-12p70,and IFN-α)commonly identified by univariate regression analysis and non-parametric tests for multivariate logistic regression analysis.Based on this model,HSIL could be predicted in patients with HR-HPV infection,with the area under the curve being 0.76.Conclusion The systemic cytokine profile cannot reflect the local microenvironment immunity,and the occurrence of HSIL is related to the cytokine levels in the cervical microenvironment.
文摘High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a challenging diagnosis and itdoes not exhibit mass lesions. It is suspected based on changes in the mainpancreatic duct in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Sometimesonly an unclear duct shows in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatographywith no focal strictures and upstream dilatation of the main pancreatic duct. Serialpancreatic juice cytology is valuable in diagnosis of those patients.
文摘Myofibroblastic sarcoma(MS)is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor characterized by myofibroblasts.It most commonly arises in the head and neck region,especially the tongue,with rare occurrences in the limbs.MS exhibits varying histopathology,ranging from low-to high-grade,with diverse subtypes showing different clinical behaviors and prognoses.This article reports the first case of high-grade MS in the hand,adding to the limited documentation of this rare condition.Here,we present the case of a 30-year-old healthy female with a year-long history of progressive shortening,mobility loss,and weakness in the first finger of the left hand.Left-hand imaging revealed a lytic,cottony tumor involving the entire first metacarpal.Following surgical resection,which included metatarsal grafting and joint reconstruction,a diagnosis of high-grade MS was confirmed based on histological manifestations and immunohistochemical staining,which was further classified as grade 2 according to the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group system.Postoperative radiotherapy was administered and the patient experienced a successful recovery without graft osteonecrosis.The patient regained 90%mobility and strength,without shortening,after surgical resection and radiotherapy.Six months post-surgery,the patient reported full hand functionality.MS is a rare tumor that infrequently affects bones and is often misdiagnosed owing to its controversial characteristics.The initial treatment should focus on complete resection with negative margins,followed by reconstructive surgery to preserve function.Further case studies are needed to establish standardized surgical treatment protocols.
文摘Although with aggressive standards of care like surgical resection,chemotherapy,and radiation,high-grade gliomas(HGGs)and brain metastases(BM)treatment has remained challenging for more than two decades.However,technological advances in this field and immunotherapeutic strategies have revolutionized the treatment of HGGs and BM.Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors,CAR-T targeting,oncolytic virus-based therapy,bispecific antibody treatment,and vaccination approaches,etc.,are emerging as promising avenues offering new hope in refining patient’s survival benefits.However,selective trafficking across the blood-brain barrier(BBB),immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME),metabolic alteration,and tumor heterogeneity limit the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy for HGGs and BM.Furthermore,to address this concern,the NanoBioTechnology-based bioinspired delivery system has been gaining tremendous attention in recent years.With technological advances such as Trojan horse targeting and infusing/camouflaging nanoparticles surface with biological molecules/cells like immunocytes,erythrocytes,platelets,glioma cell lysate and/or integrating these strategies to get hybrid membrane for homotypic recognition.These biomimetic nanotherapy offers advantages over conventional nanoparticles,focusing on greater target specificity,increased circulation stability,higher active loading capacity,BBB permeability(inherent inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils),decreased immunogenicity,efficient metabolism-based combinatorial effects,and prevention of tumor recurrence by induction of immunological memory,etc.provide new age of improved immunotherapies outcomes against HGGs and BM.In this review,we emphasize on neuro-immunotherapy and the versatility of these biomimetic nano-delivery strategies for precise targeting of hard-to-treat andmost lethal HGGs and BM.Moreover,the challenges impeding the clinical translatability of these approaches were addressed to unmet medical needs of brain cancers.
文摘BACKGROUND Claudin-6(CLDN6),a tight junction protein typically restricted to embryonic tissues,is re-expressed in various cancers.However,its prognostic significance in high-grade endometrial carcinoma(HGEC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the expression pattern of CLDN6 in HGEC and assess its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient survival.METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of CLDN6 expression was performed on formalinfixed,paraffin-embedded tissues from 80 patients diagnosed with HGEC.Associations between CLDN6 expression and histological subtype,the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stage,depth of myometrial invasion,lymphovascular space invasion,recurrence,and survival outcomes were statistically analysed.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify independent prognostic factors.RESULTS High CLDN6 expression was detected in a subset of HGEC patients and was significantly associated with nonendometrioid histology(P=0.026),advanced FIGO stage(P=0.015),deep myometrial invasion(P=0.038),and recurrence(P=0.002).While Kaplan-Meier analysis did not reveal a statistically significant difference in disease-free survival or overall survival between the high CLDN6 expression group and the low CLDN6 expression group,multivariate Cox regression revealed that CLDN6 overexpression was an independent predictor of shorter disease-free survival[hazard ratio(HR)=68.98,P=0.022]and overall survival(HR=24.023,P=0.038).CONCLUSION CLDN6 overexpression is associated with aggressive tumor features and poor clinical outcomes in HGEC,suggesting its utility as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target.
基金supported by USTB Institute for International People-to-People Exchange in Mining,Metallurgy and Metals Industries(No.FRF-IPPE-2404)Scientific Research Platform Construction Fund for the Introduction of High-Level Talents at Kunming University of Science and Technology(No.CA25073M246A).
文摘The superconducting high gradient magnetic separation(S-HGMS)technology can be used to effectively extract silica from iron ore tailings(IOTs).However,particle agglomeration in strong magnetic fields poses a challenge in achieving optimal performance.In this study,we investigated the agglomeration of IOT particles and the mechanisms for its inhibition through surface analysis,density functional theory(DFT),and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek(EDLVO)theory.Hematite was found to exhibit the highest magnetic moment among the minerals present in IOTs,making it particularly prone to magnetic agglomeration.The addition of the dispersant SDSH into the slurry was essential in promoting the dispersion of IOT particles during the S-HGMS process.This dispersant hydrolyzed to form HPO_(4)^(2-)and RSO_(3)^(-)groups in the solution,which then chemically adsorbed onto the metal ions exposed on the surfaces of non-quartz particles,increasing interparticle electrostatic repulsion.Furthermore,the RSO_(3)^(-)groups physically adsorbed onto the surface of quartz particles,resulting in strong steric repulsion and enhancing the hydrophilicity of the particle surfaces,thereby inhibiting magnetic agglomeration between the particles.Under optimal conditions,the SiO_(2)grade of the obtained high-grade silica powder increased from an initial value of 76.32%in IOTs to 97.42%,achieving a SiO_(2)recovery rate of 54.81%,which meets the requirements for quartz sand used in glass preparation.This study provides valuable insights into the magnetic agglomeration of IOT particles and its inhibition while providing a foundation for regulating S-HGMS processes.
基金Supported by the 135 High-end Talent Project of West China Hospital,Sichuan University,No.ZYDG23029.
文摘BACKGROUND Recent advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)have significantly enhanced the capabilities of endoscopic-assisted diagnosis for gastrointestinal diseases.AI has shown great promise in clinical practice,particularly for diagnostic support,offering real-time insights into complex conditions such as esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.CASE SUMMARY In this study,we introduce a multimodal AI system that successfully identified and delineated a small and flat carcinoma during esophagogastroduodenoscopy,highlighting its potential for early detection of malignancies.The lesion was confirmed as high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia,with pathology results supporting the AI system’s accuracy.The multimodal AI system offers an integrated solution that provides real-time,accurate diagnostic information directly within the endoscopic device interface,allowing for single-monitor use without disrupting endoscopist’s workflow.CONCLUSION This work underscores the transformative potential of AI to enhance endoscopic diagnosis by enabling earlier,more accurate interventions.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China,No.2022JJ30329.
文摘BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma(HGSOC)is among the most lethal gynecological malignancies,characterized by late-stage diagnosis,extensive peritoneal dissemination,and limited treatment options,resulting in poor survival outcomes.The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in disease progression and therapy resistance,with CD4+T cells exhibiting significant plasticity and functional heterogeneity.Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are particularly implicated in immune suppression and tumor evasion.However,the spatial distribution,functional states,and prognostic significance of CD4+T cell subtypes in HGSOC remain poorly understood.AIM To characterize the functional heterogeneity and tissue-specific distributions of CD4+T cell subtypes in HGSOC and identify biomarkers for therapy.METHODS We analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data from 42 HGSOC patients,examining samples collected from adnexal tissues and ascites.CD4+T cells were identified and classified into subtypes using unsupervised clustering and marker gene analysis.Functional profiling was performed using pathway enrichment,differential expression analysis,and functional signature scoring.Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazards modeling were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of CD4+T cell subtypes.RESULTS Distinct distributions of CD4+T cell subtypes were identified between adnexal tissues and ascites.Naive CD4+T cells were predominant in ascites,while Tregs and CXCL13-expressing CD4+T cells were enriched in adnexal tissues.Tregs were further categorized into four subtypes(Treg1,Treg2,Treg3,and TISG),each exhibiting unique molecular signatures and tissue-specific adaptations.Treg3 cells,enriched in adnexal tissues,were characterized by high levels of activation and exhaustion markers,correlating with poor clinical outcomes in HGSOC patients.CONCLUSION Treg3 cells drive immune suppression and tumor progression in HGSOC,making them a key immunotherapy target.Their adnexal enrichment highlights the need for tissue-specific immune profiling in precision treatment.
基金supported by the China National Petroleum Corporation Science and Technology Project(Study on genesis mechanism and distribution law of high quality reservoir of the fourth Member of Xujiahe Formation in middle and west Sichuan area,20230301-23)。
文摘The Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin is a new field of continental tight gas exploration in recent years.The fourth member of the Xujiahe Formation(Xu4 Member),the major interval in the Jianyang Block of the Tianfu gas field in the basin,is characterized by considerable buried depth,tight reservoirs,and strong heterogeneity.By using cast thin section,X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),fluid inclusion thermometry,and core analysis,the reservoir rock types,dominant diageneses,diagenetic history,and controls on high-graded reservoirs were investigated.It is found that the Xu4 Member in Jianyang mainly consists of lithic feldspar sandstones and feldspar lithic sandstones,followed by lithic quartz sandstones.High-energy hydrodynamic conditions in the microfacies of underwater distributary channels and mouth bars are beneficial to the preservation of primary pores and the occurrence of secondary pores,and there are no significant differences in petrophysical properties between these two microfacies.Compaction and calcareous cementation are the dominant controls on reservoir porosity decrease in the Xujiahe Formation;corrosion is the major contributor to porosity increase by generating secondary dissolved pores,e.g.intragranular dissolved pores and intergranular dissolved pores,as major reservoir space in the study area.Fracture zones around the faults inside the Xujiahe Formation(fourth‒order faults)are favorable for proximal tight gas accumulation,preservation,and production.The research findings have been successfully applied to explore the Xujiahe Formation in the slope zone of the Sichuan foreland basin.They can be referential for other similar tight sandstone gas accumulations.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82372888)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2704000)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82273383)the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.2020-2-4098)Youth program of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7204328)Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project,Peking University(No.PKU2022LCXQ020)Key Clinical Project of Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSY2022050)Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSYZD2021006)Key Clinical Projects of Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSYZD2019034).
文摘Objective:The expression of programmed death 1(PD-1)on CD8^(+)T cells is associated with their activation and exhaustion,while CD57 serves as a senescence marker.The impact of PD-1^(+)and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)T cells on the prognosis of patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer(HGSOC)remain unclear.Methods:We assessed the percentages of PD-1^(+)and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs,n=85)and tumor ascites lymphocytes(TALs,n=87)using flow cytometry.The optimal cutoffs for these markers in TILs and TALs were determined through the log-rank maximization method.Gene expression analysis elucidated the tumor immune microenvironment(TIME,n=36).Results:Patients with higher PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs(>87.8%)exhibited longer platinum-free interval(PFI)and overall survival(OS).In contrast,those with elevated CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs(>28.69%)were more likely to experience chemotherapy and had lower complete remission rates,shorter PFI and OS.PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs are primarily displayed an effector memory state with strong proliferative and secretory capabilities.Approximately 50%of CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs were terminally differentiated,exhibiting significantly impaired proliferation.Based on the proportions of PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs and CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs,patients were categorized into good,median and poor prognosis groups,with median PFI of 47.78,27.29 and 11.96 months,respectively(P<0.0001).Median OS for these groups was not reach,49.23 and 30.92 months,respectively(P<0.0001).Patients with poor prognosis exhibit significantly reduced CD8^(+)T cell proportion and increased M2 macrophage in the TIME,alongside downregulation of multiple T cell activation-related pathways.Conclusions:Lower levels of PD-1^(+)CD8^(+)TILs and higher CD57^(+)CD8^(+)TALs,assessed prior to treatment,correlated with poor prognosis and suppressive TIME in advanced HGSOC.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province (2022ZX02C13)。
文摘Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.42361040].
文摘Under the influence of human activities,landscape fragmentation in the Wei River Basin(WRB)has become increasingly severe.Upstream development has intensified soil erosion,and industrial and agricultural pollution in the middle reaches has degraded water quality.Rapid urbanization has further caused habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss.Collectively,these challenges threaten human well-being and hinder sustainable development,making the construction and optimization of an ecological security pattern(ESP)urgently necessary.However,existing studies often fail to systematically integrate future landscape ecological risk(LER)assessment with ESP optimization.This study evaluated regional LER using the“ecological patches-ecological resistance surface(ERS)-ecological corridor”framework,combined with land-use predictions under three development scenarios,and optimized the ESP by adjusting the ERS and extracting ecological corridors.The results indicate that the LER in the WRB follows an“inverted N”distribution,with low-risk areas concentrated in forested mountain regions and high-risk areas mainly in cultivated land subject to intensive human activity.Across future scenarios,ESPs showed fewer ecological breakpoints and improved landscape connectivity than the 2020 baseline.Scenario-based differences emerged in the spatial configuration of ERS adjustments,with the ecological protection scenario yielding the lowest LER and most favorable ESP.This study demonstrates the deep integration of multi-scenario simulation with LER assessment,providing a new framework for ESP optimization.The findings have guiding significance for ecological protection and coordinated development in the WRB and offer a novel paradigm for sustainable development in ecologically fragile basins worldwide.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3500100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230126 and U24A20800)+3 种基金Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0502600 and 2023ZD0502601)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(82222075)the Incubation Program for the Science and Technology Development of Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory(HQL2024PZ045 and HQCML-C-2024003)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pattern and Formula(2022B1212010012).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a holistic medical system that classifies and treats diseases based on the concept of patterns.These patterns describe the pathophysiological process of a disease at a specific stage,reflecting both external signs and internal features.TCM patterns are central to pattern differentiation,treatment,clinical practice,and theoretical development in TCM.However,scientific explanation of TCM patterns remains limited because of subjective diagnostic criteria,the absence of a standardized experimental medical system,and unclear biological mechanisms,which restrict the modernization and globalization of TCM.Addressing challenges such as strong subjectivity in diagnosis,lack of standardized experimental systems,and unclear biological mechanisms is necessary to clarify the scientific meaning of TCM patterns and to provide technical approaches for the modernization and globalization of TCM.A strategy focused on“pathogenic factors,genetic predisposition,and disease progression stages”was adopted.This approach included the following:(Ⅰ)constructing disease-pattern integrated biological models with animal models,organoids,and multi-organ chips;(Ⅱ)applying multi-omics technologies,such as spatial omics,single-cell omics,and dynamic metabolic flux omics;(Ⅲ)using artificial intelligence(AI)and big data for data integration and prediction of pattern evolution;and(Ⅳ)validating formula–pattern associations through the“pattern differentiation through formula efficacy”approach.These strategies directly address the main obstacles in TCM pattern research by providing objective,quantifiable,and reproducible methodologies.Constructing disease-pattern integrated models enabled cross-scale research platforms.Applying multi-omics technologies allowed analysis of complex biological bases.AI and big data approaches addressed challenges related to heterogeneous data.The“formula-based pattern differentiation”approach supported precise interventions and the development of new drugs.This interdisciplinary framework advances TCM pattern research by moving from empirical description to objective quantification.By integrating innovative approaches,the study establishes a foundation for systematic,evidence-based TCM diagnosis and treatment,supporting accuracy and promoting international recognition and modernization of TCM.The study shows that combining multi-omics technologies,AI-driven data analysis,and disease-pattern models enables objective quantification of TCM patterns and clarifies their biological mechanisms.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant Nos.ZK[2022]540 and[2023]099)the Survey of Amphibian and Reptile Resources in Leigongshan Nature Reserve and Literature Publishing Services(P5226002023000019).
文摘Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB4501200),National Natural Science Foundation of China(62332018)Science and Technology Program(2024NSFTD0031,2024YFHZ0339 and 2025ZNSFSC0497).
文摘The performance of data restore is one of the key indicators of user experience for backup storage systems.Compared to the traditional offline restore process,online restore reduces downtime during backup restoration,allowing users to operate on already restored files while other files are still being restored.This approach improves availability during restoration tasks but suffers from a critical limitation:inconsistencies between the access sequence and the restore sequence.In many cases,the file a user needs to access at a given moment may not yet be restored,resulting in significant delays and poor user experience.To this end,we present Histore,which builds on the user’s historical access sequence to schedule the restore sequence,in order to reduce users’access delayed time.Histore includes three restore approaches:(i)the frequency-based approach,which restores files based on historical file access frequencies and prioritizes ensuring the availability of frequently accessed files;(ii)the graph-based approach,which preferentially restores the frequently accessed files as well as their correlated files based on historical access patterns,and(iii)the trie-based approach,which restores particular files based on both users’real-time and historical access patterns to deduce and restore the files to be accessed in the near future.We implement a prototype of Histore and evaluate its performance from multiple perspectives.Trace-driven experiments on two datasets show that Histore significantly reduces users’delay time by 4-700×with only 1.0%-14.5%additional performance overhead.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.T2325004)the Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2024ZD0606900)+3 种基金the Talent Hub for‘AI+New Materials’Basic Researchsupported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB0620103 and XDB0510301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12472112)R.S.acknowledges the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51801046).
文摘Enhancing the kinetic stability of glasses typically requires deepening their thermodynamic stability,which increases structural rigidity and degrades ductility;decoupling these properties remains a major challenge.Here,we demonstrate that spatial patterning in metallic glasses produces exceptional kinetic ultrastability that coexists with a thermodynamically metastable,high-energy state and excellent plasticity.Guided by atomistic simulations using replica exchange molecular dynamics and machine learning interatomic potentials,we reveal that oxygen,through reaction-diffusion-coupled pattern dynamics,self-organizes into oxygen-centered pinned structures(OPSs)that serve as localized kinetic constraints.These motifs drastically slow structural relaxation,delivering kinetic stability comparable to ultrastable glasses even as the system retains the high inherent energy of rapidly quenched states.The OPSs’topology yields a spatially uniform activation of plastic events,promoting strain delocalization under mechanical load.By geometrically tailoring oxygen patterns,we increase the glass transition onset temperature(Tonset)by about 200 K with negligible loss of deformability.Our findings establish a practicable paradigm for decoupling kinetic and thermodynamic stability and point to a scalable,additive route for designing amorphous materials that combine hyperstability with plasticity.
基金supported by 14th Five-Year Plan Key R&D Plan,Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China,2024YFB3409002National Natural Science Foundation of China,12302142+4 种基金HKUSTHKUST(GZ)Collaborative Research Scheme,G035Yangcheng Scholars Research Project-Leading Talent Training Project,2024312156Guangzhou-HKUST(GZ)Joint Funding Scheme,2023A03J0157Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Project,2024A04J4765Shenzhen Basic Research Project,JCYJ20220530114417040。
文摘Owing to the exceptional optoelectronic properties,metal halide perovskites have emerged as leading semiconductor materials for next-generation display technologies,providing perovskite light-emitting diodes(Pe LEDs)great potential for high-quality color displays with a wide color gamut and pure color emission.Although laboratory-scale Pe LEDs have achieved neartheoretical efficiencies,challenges such as achieving uniform large-area films,improving material stability,and enhancing patterning precision remain barriers to commercialization.This review presents a systematic analysis of scalable manufacturing and precision patterning strategies for Pe LEDs,focusing on their applications in large-area lighting and full-color displays.Fabrication methods are categorized into film deposition techniques(spin-coating,blade-coating,and thermal evaporation)and patterning strategies,including top-down(photolithography,laser/e-beam lithography,and nanoimprinting)and bottom-up(patterned crystal growth,inkjet printing,and electrohydrodynamic jet printing)approaches.In this review,we discuss the advantages and limitations of each strategy,highlight current challenges,and outlook possible pathways towards scalable,high-performance Pe LEDs for advanced optoelectronic applications.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia(RCEECA),the construction and joint research for the China-Tajikistan“Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use(2024YFE0214200)the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Partnership and International Technology Cooperation Plan of Science and Technology Projects(2023E01018,2025E01056)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)(2024VBC0006).
文摘Tajikistan represents a core region of the biodiversity hotspot in Central Asian mountains and has exceptional vascular plant diversity.However,the species diversity of the country faces urgent conservation challenges.There has been a lack of a comprehensive and multidimensional assessment to inform strategic conservation planning.Therefore,this study integrated 4 key biodiversity indices including species richness(SR),phylogenetic diversity(PD),threatened species richness(TSR),and endemic species richness(ESR)to map species diversity distribution patterns,identify conservation gaps,and elucidate their effects of climatic factors.This study revealed that species diversity shows a clear trend of decreasing from the western region to the eastern region of Tajikistan.The central–western mountains(specifically the Gissar-Darvasian and Zeravshanian regions)emerge as irreplaceable biodiversity hotspots.However,we found a severe spatial mismatch between these priority areas and the existing protected areas(PAs).Protection coverage for all hotspots was alarmingly low,ranging from 31.00%to 38.00%.Consequently,a critical 64.80%of integrated priority areas fall outside of the current PAs,representing a major conservation gap.This study identified precipitation seasonality and isothermality as the principal drivers,collectively explaining over 50.00%of the diversity variation and suggesting high vulnerability to hydrological shifts.Furthermore,we detected significant geographic sampling bias in the public biodiversity databases,with the most critical hotspot being systematically under-sampled.This study provides a robust scientific basis for conservation action,highlighting the urgent need to strategically expand PAs in the under-protected southwestern region and to mitigate critical sampling gaps through targeted data digitization and field surveys.These measures are indispensable for securing Tajikistan’s unique biodiversity and achieving the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3(“30×30 Protection”).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61971256)。
文摘Wide-field mesoscopy provides the capabilities of cortex-wide field of view(FOV),cellular resolution and high frame rate for neuronal imaging in the mouse brain.However,inherent background fluorescence degrades the image quality and hinders neuronal signal extraction.To address this problem,we first introduce a cortex-wide,high-resolution lineillumination mesoscope with a moving slit designed for in vivo mouse brain imaging.This system achieves a 6.6×6.6 mm FOV,microscale cellular resolution,a high frame rate of 10 Hz,as well as the background rejection ability.Furthermore,we integrated patterned illumination into the system to enhance the background suppression.Experimental results show that the proposed system successfully captures neurodynamics in the living mouse brain.Compared with conventional wide-field mesoscopes,the cortex-wide patterned line-illumination mesoscope(PLIM)achieves a threefold increase in the signal-to-background ratio(SBR).With patterned illumination integrated,the SBR enhancement further reaches four-anda-half-fold.
