O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sodium storage capacity and straight-forward synthesis process.However,their practical applic-ations are limited ...O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sodium storage capacity and straight-forward synthesis process.However,their practical applic-ations are limited by irreversible phase transitions,transition metal dissolution,and sluggish Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.Herein,a unique high-entropy oxide(HEO),Na_(0.88)K_(0.02)Ni_(0.24)Li_(0.06)Mg_(0.07)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.41)Ti_(0.1)Sn_(0.02)O_(2) is constructed by combining biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping for stable sodium storage.This synergistic effect significantly improves structural stability,enhances particle integrity,suppresses transition metal dissolution,accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics,and mitigates electrolyte decomposition during the electrochemical cycling.Therefore,the HEO cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,delivering a remarkable rate capability of 74.19 mAh·g^(-1) at 10 C and outstanding cycling stability with 82.68% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.In addition,the practical viability of HEO is confirmed by its outstanding air stability and stable operation of full cells.These findings underscore the potential of synergistic effect of biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping in developing high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
Doping strategies have been widely demonstrated as effective approaches to tailor microwave absorption properties in various material systems.However,achieving high-entropy doping(HED)in MoS_(2)while minimizing phase ...Doping strategies have been widely demonstrated as effective approaches to tailor microwave absorption properties in various material systems.However,achieving high-entropy doping(HED)in MoS_(2)while minimizing phase ratio interference,effectively integrating multiple transition metal element substitutions,and elucidating the underlying absorption mechanisms remain significant challenges.In this work,we develop a modular in situ/post solvothermal doping process to realize the cooperative incorporation of multiple dopants into a metallic-phase MoS_(2)(1T-MoS_(2))host.For the first time,we systematically investigate the effects of multiple-element codoping,including high-density lattice strain,crystalline defects,localized charge accumulation,and redistribution,which significantly increase dipole polarization loss.Owing to the balanced impedance characteristics and coordinated polarization/conductive losses enabled by HED engineering,the WVNbTaRu-MoS_(2)sample achieves a broadband effective absorption bandwidth of 7.65 GHz,which is more than double that of its undoped counterparts.Through combinatorial screening,we proposed 31 feasible doping configurations and experimentally validated 9 variants,establishing a foundational framework for designing advanced MoS_(2)-based absorbers with tailored electromagnetic properties.This study provides innovative insights and pathways for the rational design of high-performance transition metal dichalcogenide-based microwave absorbers.展开更多
As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancin...As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.展开更多
High-entropy carbide ceramics(HECCs)exhibit superior properties compared to their constituent bi-nary compounds.However,high synthesis and sintering temperature are main obstacles that limit their widespread applicati...High-entropy carbide ceramics(HECCs)exhibit superior properties compared to their constituent bi-nary compounds.However,high synthesis and sintering temperature are main obstacles that limit their widespread applications.To address this issue,compositional and particle size controllable high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb02Ta_(0.2))C_(x) powders were successfully prepared by a sugar hydrogel combined with the carbothermal reduction method.Owing to the introduction of carbon vacancy,the temperature for the formation of single-phase solid solution of the high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C_(x) powders was decreased,and the addition of nitrogen decreased the densification temperature of the high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C_(0.95) ceramic by 200℃.In addition,the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C_(0.95) ceramic were improved by 29%and 30%,respectively,compared with those without nitrogen doping.Atomic-resolution high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)mapping re-veal that the segregation of N and small cation Ti as well as large lattice strains are responsible for the enhanced mechanical properties.Furthermore,with the introduction of nitrogen,the onset oxidation tem-perature(OOT)was increased,while the parabolic oxidation rate constant was decreased,revealing the beneficial effect of nitrogen doping on oxidation resistance.These results demonstrate that nitrogen dop-ing can not only improve the mechanical properties of HECCs but also enhance the oxidation resistance,which paves the way for the wide application of HECCs.展开更多
A series of single-phase high-entropy perovskite ceramics(HEPCs)(La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25)Gd_(0.25))_(1-x)Yb_(x)MnO_(3)(x=0.25,0.3,0.35 and 0.4)was synthesized using solid-state reactions.The effect of Yb on the str...A series of single-phase high-entropy perovskite ceramics(HEPCs)(La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25)Gd_(0.25))_(1-x)Yb_(x)MnO_(3)(x=0.25,0.3,0.35 and 0.4)was synthesized using solid-state reactions.The effect of Yb on the structure and magnetic properties was systematically investigated.The results show that all samples are in orthorhombic perovskite structures with a space group of Pbnm and exhibit a strong crystallization trend sintered at 1300℃for 16 h.All HEPCs have a smooth surface morphology with distinct grain boundaries and exhibit significant hysteresis effects at T=5 K.With the increase of Yb,high lattice distortion and weak double exchange lead to the decrease of T_(C).The presence of Jahn-Teller(JT)distortion and the enhancement of MnO_(6)octahedral distortion result in different magnetic interactions.Moreover,the sample has the best magnetic properties at x=0.35 among the four HEPCs,which is attributed to the large content of Mn^(3+),remnant ratio(Mr/Ms)and lattice distortion(σ^(2)).This work provides a valuable reference for regulating the magnetism of high-entropy ceramics based on rare-earth perovskite manganese oxides.展开更多
The effect of element Ti on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and annealed NbTaMoWTi,(x=0,1,1.5,2)refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)was investigated.Results show that after Ti addition,the as...The effect of element Ti on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and annealed NbTaMoWTi,(x=0,1,1.5,2)refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)was investigated.Results show that after Ti addition,the as-cast alloys maintain their original single body-centered cubic(bcc)structure.As for the mechanical properties,compared with those without Ti addition,the strength and ductility of NbTaMoWTi,alloys increase by 93%and 215%,respectively.Furthermore,the NbTaMoWTi alloys exhibit outstanding thermal stability.After annealing at 1400 C,they still maintain the single bcc structure,and their mechanical properties are even slightly improved.However,annealing leads to a significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of high-Ti-content alloys(NbTaMoWTil and NbTaMoWTi2),owing to the formation of Ti-rich acicular phases.展开更多
As a catalyst of the air cathode in zinc-air batteries,tungstic acid ferrous(FeWO_(4)),a nanoscale transition metal tungstate,shows a broad application prospect in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).While FeWO_(4)poss...As a catalyst of the air cathode in zinc-air batteries,tungstic acid ferrous(FeWO_(4)),a nanoscale transition metal tungstate,shows a broad application prospect in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).While FeWO_(4)possesses favorable electrochemical properties and thermodynamic stability,its intrinsic semiconductor characteristics result in a relatively slow electron transfer rate,limiting the ORR catalytic activity.In this work,the electronic structure of FeWO_(4)is significantly modulated by introducing phosphorus(P)atoms with abundant valence electrons.The P doping can adjust the electronic structure of FeWO_(4)and then optimize oxygen-containing intermediates'absorption/desorption efficiency to achieve improved ORR activity.Furthermore,the sodium chloride template is utilized to construct a porous carbon framework for anchoring phosphorus-doped iron tungstate(P-FeWO_(4)/PNC).The porous carbon skeleton provides numerous active sites for the absorption/desorption and redox reactions on the P-FeWO_(4)/PNC surface and serves as mass transport channels for reactants and intermediates.The P-FeWO_(4)/PNC demonstrates ORR performance(E1/2=0.86 V vs.RHE).Furthermore,the zinc-air batteries incorporating the P-FeWO_(4)/PNC composite demonstrate an increased peak power density(172.2 mW·cm^(-2)),high specific capacity(810.1 mAh·g^(-1)),and sustained long-term cycling stability lasting up to 240 h.This research not only contributes to the advancement of cost-effective tungsten-based non-precious metallic ORR catalysts,but also guides their utilization in zinc-air batteries.展开更多
In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by e...In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(E_(corr)=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(I_(corr)=1.991×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2)),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr_(2)O_(3)content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.展开更多
The multi-principal element characteristic of high-entropy alloys has revolutionized the conventional alloy design concept of single-principal element,endowing them with excellent mechanical properties.However,owing t...The multi-principal element characteristic of high-entropy alloys has revolutionized the conventional alloy design concept of single-principal element,endowing them with excellent mechanical properties.However,owing to this multi-principal element nature,high-entropy alloys exhibit complex deformation behavior dominated by alternating and coupled deformation mechanisms.Therefore,elucidating these intricate deformation mechanisms remains a key challenge in current research.Neutron diffraction(ND)techniques offer distinct advantages over traditional microscopic methods for characterizing such complex deformation behavior.The strong penetration capability of neutrons enables in-situ,real-time,and non-destructive detection of structural evolution in most centimeter-level bulk samples under complex environments,and ND allows precise characterization of lattice site occupations for light elements,such as C and O,and neighboring elements.This review discussed the principles of ND,experiment procedures,and data analysis.Combining with recent advances in the research about face-centered cubic high-entropy alloy,typical examples of using ND to investigate the deformation behavior were summarized,ultimately revealing deformation mechanisms dominated by dislocations,stacking faults,twinning,and phase transformations.展开更多
Silica aerogel has broad applications in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation due to its low density,low thermal conductivity and high stability.However,its thermal insulation performance deteriorates sign...Silica aerogel has broad applications in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation due to its low density,low thermal conductivity and high stability.However,its thermal insulation performance deteriorates significantly at elevated temperatures exceeding 600℃,primarily due to the collapse of pore structure.Meanwhile,the shielding capacity of SiO_(2) aerogel to the infrared radiation at high temperature is rather low due to the intrinsic properties of SiO_(2).Herein,a strategy for improving the high-temperature stability and infrared shielding properties of SiO_(2) aerogel via Ca doping was explored.Calcium-doped silica aerogel(CSA)powders were prepared by Sol-Gel,hydrothermal,and ambient pressure drying(APD)techniques using water glass and anhydrous calcium chloride as precursors and trimethylchlorosilane as a hydrophobic modifier.The effects of Ca/Si molar ratio in the precursor and hydrothermal conditions(temperature and pH)on the crystalline properties,microscopic morphology and pore structure of CSAs were investigated.The results show that the Ca/Si molar ratio and hydrothermal treatment have significant effects on the microstructure and heat resistance of CSAs in the temperature range of 400-1000℃.The samples sintered at 1000℃have a high specific surface area of 100.1 m^(2)/g and a pore volume of 0.8705 cm^(3)/g,indicating that the CSA has good heat resistance.One-side insulation tests at temperatures up to 600℃show that the sample with a Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0 has the best insulation performance,with a cold surface temperature of 450℃,which is 27℃lower than that of the pure silica aerogel.展开更多
Mn^(2+)-doped CsPbCl_(3)(Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)) nanocrystals(NCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique strong and broad orange-red emission band,presenting promising applications in the field of phot...Mn^(2+)-doped CsPbCl_(3)(Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)) nanocrystals(NCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique strong and broad orange-red emission band,presenting promising applications in the field of photoelectric devices.However,pristine Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs commonly suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yield(PL QY) and stability issues.Herein,we introduced europium ions(Eu^(3+))into Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs via the thermal injection synthesis method to obtain high performance Eu^(3+)and Mn^(2+)codoped CsPbCl_(3)(Eu^(3+)/Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)) NCs.The maximum PL QY of the resulting Eu^(3+)/Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs reaches up to 90.92%.It is found that the doping of Eu^(3+)ions significantly reduces the non-radiative recombination caused by high defect states,and improves the energy transfer efficiency from exciton to Mn^(2+),thereby boosting the PL performance.Moreover,doping Eu^(3+)ions notably improves the UV-light and water stability of Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs.We further demonstrate the application versatility of Eu^(3+)/Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs in white light emitting diodes(WLEDs) and optical anticounterfeiting applications.This work provides a valuable perspective for the attainment of high performance Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs and lays a foundation for the codoping of other lanthanide ions to adjust the luminescence properties of Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs.展开更多
Herein,antibacterial silver‑doped fluorescent carbon dots(Ag‑CDs)were synthesized through a stepwise hydrothermal method,with polyethyleneimine(PEI),citric acid(CA),and silver nitrate(AgNO3)serving as precursors.The a...Herein,antibacterial silver‑doped fluorescent carbon dots(Ag‑CDs)were synthesized through a stepwise hydrothermal method,with polyethyleneimine(PEI),citric acid(CA),and silver nitrate(AgNO3)serving as precursors.The applicability and antimicrobial efficacy of these nanomaterials were systematically investigated for metal ion sensing.Experimental evidence demonstrated that the Ag‑CDs exhibited a pronounced fluorescence quenching response toward ferric ions(Fe^(3+)),enabling their quantitative determination via a linear concentration‑dependent relationship.These Ag‑CDs exhibited significant inhibitory effects on biofilm growth and disruption for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Mechanism investigations indicate that Ag‑CDs induced the death of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disrupting their bacterial morphology and structure,triggering the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and impairing their antioxidant defense system.展开更多
Layered Ni-rich oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)often struggle with poor thermal safety and capacity fade.Xin and colleagues’studies in Nature and Nature Energy demonstrate a novel high-entropy(compositi...Layered Ni-rich oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)often struggle with poor thermal safety and capacity fade.Xin and colleagues’studies in Nature and Nature Energy demonstrate a novel high-entropy(compositionally complex)doping strategy,introducing“cocktail effects”from multiple constituents.This approach substantially improves cycling performance and stability,reduces material cost,and may pave the way toward the development of advanced electrodes for next-generation LIBs.展开更多
High-entropy oxides(HEOs)have emerged as a promising class of memristive materials,characterized by entropy-stabilized crystal structures,multivalent cation coordination,and tunable defect landscapes.These intrinsic f...High-entropy oxides(HEOs)have emerged as a promising class of memristive materials,characterized by entropy-stabilized crystal structures,multivalent cation coordination,and tunable defect landscapes.These intrinsic features enable forming-free resistive switching,multilevel conductance modulation,and synaptic plasticity,making HEOs attractive for neuromorphic computing.This review outlines recent progress in HEO-based memristors across materials engineering,switching mechanisms,and synaptic emulation.Particular attention is given to vacancy migration,phase transitions,and valence-state dynamics—mechanisms that underlie the switching behaviors observed in both amorphous and crystalline systems.Their relevance to neuromorphic functions such as short-term plasticity and spike-timing-dependent learning is also examined.While encouraging results have been achieved at the device level,challenges remain in conductance precision,variability control,and scalable integration.Addressing these demands a concerted effort across materials design,interface optimization,and task-aware modeling.With such integration,HEO memristors offer a compelling pathway toward energy-efficient and adaptable brain-inspired electronics.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs),characterized by their unique compositional diversity and configurational entropy,have emerged as promising candidates in the field of photocatalysis.These materials,typically composed of ...High-entropy materials(HEMs),characterized by their unique compositional diversity and configurational entropy,have emerged as promising candidates in the field of photocatalysis.These materials,typically composed of five or more principal elements,exhibit remarkable structural stability,enhanced electronic properties,and superior resistance to corrosion and oxidation.In the realm of photocatalysis,HEMs offer several advantages,including broad spectral absorption,efficient charge separation,and robust catalytic activity under various environmental conditions.This review summarizes recent advancements in the synthesis,characterization,and application of HEMs for photocatalytic processes,such as H_(2)evolution,CO_(2)conversion,organic pollutant degradation,and organic conversion.By exploring the intrinsic properties of HEMs and their synergistic effects,we aim to highlight their potential to revolutionize the design and development of next-generation photocatalysts.The integration of HEMs into photocatalytic systems not only paves the way for more efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies but also opens new avenues for environmental remediation.展开更多
High-entropy layered hydroxides(HELHs),an emerging frontier in entropy-stabilized materials derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs),have captivated attention with their unparalleled tunability,thermodynamic stabi...High-entropy layered hydroxides(HELHs),an emerging frontier in entropy-stabilized materials derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs),have captivated attention with their unparalleled tunability,thermodynamic stability,and electrochemical performance.The integration of the high-entropy concept into LDHs empowers HELHs to surmount the constraints of conventional materials through compositional diversity,structurally disordered configurations,and synergistic multi-element interactions.This review systematically embarks on their synthesis methodologies,functional mechanisms,and applications in energy conversion/storage and biomedicine.Advanced synthesis strategies,such as plasma-assisted hydrothermal methods,facilitate precise control over HELH architectures while supporting scalable production.HELHs demonstrate superior electrochemical performance in critical reactions,including oxygen evolution reaction,water oxidation,hydrogen evolution,and glucose electrooxidation.Future directions encompass integrating in situ characterization with simulations,leveraging machine learning for composition screening,and expanding HELHs application through interdisciplinary collaborations.This work establishes a comprehensive roadmap for advancing HELHs as next-generation multifunctional platforms for sustainable energy and biomedical technologies.展开更多
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is a crucial method for addressing energy issues and achieving carbon neutrality.Doping of Cu catalysts represents an effective approach to regulate electrocatalytic carbon di...Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is a crucial method for addressing energy issues and achieving carbon neutrality.Doping of Cu catalysts represents an effective approach to regulate electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.This review article summarizes the research progress on improving the performance of Cu-based material electrocatalysts through doping regulation.The background,fundamental research,evaluation parameters,and methods for catalyst design,along with their influencing factors,are introduced.Emphasis is placed on the impact of doping with different elements(such as noble metals,transition metals,main-group metals,non-metals,etc.)on the performance of Cu-based catalysts,including the mechanisms for enhancing activity,selectivity,and stability.In-situ characterization techniques have revealed the structural evolution and catalytic mechanisms during the doping process.Mechanistic studies,leveraging the ever-advancing computational capabilities and high-throughput methods,have given rise to typical computational descriptors like volcano plots,free-energy diagrams,and machine-learning-based approaches.These descriptors have become key tools for screening high-efficiency catalysts in various application scenarios of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).This article comprehensively summarizes the current research achievements and looks ahead to the future,indicating that strengthening the combination of theory and experiment and exploring industrial applications are the future research directions,aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of highly efficient doped Cu-based electrocatalysts.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted extensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high performance enabled by their multi-component,tunable structural characteristics and excellent stability...High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted extensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high performance enabled by their multi-component,tunable structural characteristics and excellent stability.HEMs are usually composed of five or more metal elements,and have core advantages such as high configurational entropy,lattice distortion and multi-element synergistic effect,which provide new possibilities for composition regulation and performance optimization of catalysts.Especially at the nanoscale,HEMs show a larger specific surface area,abundant active sites and higher catalytic reaction efficiency,further expanding their application potential in electrochemical reactions.This paper systematically reviews the classification,structure construction and regulation strategies of HEMs,and focuses on their research progress in critical electrocatalytic reactions including water splitting(HER,OER),hydrogen oxidation(HOR),oxygen reduction(ORR),carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)RR),nitrate reduction(NO_(3)-RR)and electrooxidation of organics(EOO).In addition,the preparation methods of HEMs,the structure-performance relationship and the entropy regulation mechanism in the catalytic process are analyzed.Finally,this paper proposes the key challenges currently faced by HEMs in electrocatalytic applications and looks forward to their future development direction,providing a theoretical basis and design ideas for building a new generation of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts.展开更多
Temperature stability is essential for the precision of flexible sensors.However,constrained by the composite principle of heterogeneous materials,the existing self-compensating methods encounter substantial challenge...Temperature stability is essential for the precision of flexible sensors.However,constrained by the composite principle of heterogeneous materials,the existing self-compensating methods encounter substantial challenges.To tackle this,high-entropy alloy nanofibers were utilized to construct a flexible strain sensor with inherent temperature stability.This approach leverages the electrohydrodynamic direct writing;a precursor conductive network was established through the electrospinning of a high-entropy alloy acetate and polyvinylidene difluoride solution blend.Subsequently,annealing treatment facilitated metallization,resulting in the synergistic preservation of polymer stretchability and the low temperature coefficient of resistance properties of high-entropy alloys inside the nanofibers.The test results demonstrate that the high-entropy alloys flexible strain sensor exhibits a remarkably low temperature coefficient of resistance(45.59 ppm K^(-1))across the range of-10 to 70℃,a sensitivity coefficient GF of 1.12 with a 50%strain range,and a response time of 310 ms.After 6000 stretching cycles,no baseline drift or failure occurred,indicating excellent cyclic stability.Furthermore,the outstanding temperature stability of the sensor was validated through wearable application and robotic hands strain sensing conducted under varied environment temperatures.This work provides a viable design pathway for developing flexible sensors with an inherently low temperature coefficient of resistance.展开更多
The composition−property relationship of 18 quaternary high entropy diborides(HEBs)consisting of boron and IVB,VB and VIB transition metals(TM)was investigated using first-principles calculations.A valence electron co...The composition−property relationship of 18 quaternary high entropy diborides(HEBs)consisting of boron and IVB,VB and VIB transition metals(TM)was investigated using first-principles calculations.A valence electron concentration−relative electronegativity(VEC−REN)composite descriptor was developed to effectively predict the mechanical properties of HEBs.The results demonstrate that with a fixed VEC,the rise of the REN makes HEBs harder but more brittle when the electronegativity of doped TM atoms is lower than that of boron atoms.However,HEBs become softer and more ductile as REN increases if the doped TM atoms have higher electronegativity than boron atoms.The VEC−REN composite descriptor can accurately classify and predict the mechanical properties of HEBs with different components,which provides important theoretical guidance for the rapid design and development of novel high-entropy ceramic materials.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22005082,52202286,and 22309002)Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12204143)+9 种基金Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(Nos.CXY2024036 and QN2024190)Special Project of Local Science and Technology Development Guided by the Central Government of China(Nos.226Z4402G and 246Z4410G)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY24B030006)Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou Municipality(No.ZG2024055)Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City(No.G20220016)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.B2024202022 and B2024202081)the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(No.24JCQNJC00750)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2308085QB55)Basic Research Program of Shijiazhuang(No.241790717A)the Postdoctoral Funding Project of Hebei Province(No.B2023003015).
文摘O3-type layered transition metal oxide cathodes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sodium storage capacity and straight-forward synthesis process.However,their practical applic-ations are limited by irreversible phase transitions,transition metal dissolution,and sluggish Na^(+)diffusion kinetics.Herein,a unique high-entropy oxide(HEO),Na_(0.88)K_(0.02)Ni_(0.24)Li_(0.06)Mg_(0.07)Fe_(0.1)Mn_(0.41)Ti_(0.1)Sn_(0.02)O_(2) is constructed by combining biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping for stable sodium storage.This synergistic effect significantly improves structural stability,enhances particle integrity,suppresses transition metal dissolution,accelerates electrochemical reaction kinetics,and mitigates electrolyte decomposition during the electrochemical cycling.Therefore,the HEO cathode demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance,delivering a remarkable rate capability of 74.19 mAh·g^(-1) at 10 C and outstanding cycling stability with 82.68% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.In addition,the practical viability of HEO is confirmed by its outstanding air stability and stable operation of full cells.These findings underscore the potential of synergistic effect of biphasic engineering and dual-site high-entropy doping in developing high-performance cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52432002 and 52372041)the Central Guidance for Local Technology Development Special Fund(No.ZY25JD14)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.DZJJ.2025002).
文摘Doping strategies have been widely demonstrated as effective approaches to tailor microwave absorption properties in various material systems.However,achieving high-entropy doping(HED)in MoS_(2)while minimizing phase ratio interference,effectively integrating multiple transition metal element substitutions,and elucidating the underlying absorption mechanisms remain significant challenges.In this work,we develop a modular in situ/post solvothermal doping process to realize the cooperative incorporation of multiple dopants into a metallic-phase MoS_(2)(1T-MoS_(2))host.For the first time,we systematically investigate the effects of multiple-element codoping,including high-density lattice strain,crystalline defects,localized charge accumulation,and redistribution,which significantly increase dipole polarization loss.Owing to the balanced impedance characteristics and coordinated polarization/conductive losses enabled by HED engineering,the WVNbTaRu-MoS_(2)sample achieves a broadband effective absorption bandwidth of 7.65 GHz,which is more than double that of its undoped counterparts.Through combinatorial screening,we proposed 31 feasible doping configurations and experimentally validated 9 variants,establishing a foundational framework for designing advanced MoS_(2)-based absorbers with tailored electromagnetic properties.This study provides innovative insights and pathways for the rational design of high-performance transition metal dichalcogenide-based microwave absorbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52130204,52174376,52202070,51822405)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021B1515120028)+6 种基金TQ Innovation Foundation(No.23-TQ09-02-ZT-01-005)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20220042053001)Science and Technology Innovation Team Plan of Shaanxi Province(No.2021TD-17)Key R&D Project of Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-220)Thousands Person Plan of Jiangxi Province(JXSQ2020102131)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.D5000230348,D5000220057)China Scholarship Council(Nos.202206290133,202306290190).
文摘As a 3D printing method,laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology has been extensively proven to offer significant advantages in fabricating complex structured specimens,achieving ultra-fine microstructures,and enhancing performances.In the domain of manufacturing melt-grown oxide ceramics,it encounters substantial challenges in suppressing crack defects during the rapid solidification process.The strategic integration of high entropy alloys(HEA),leveraging the significant ductility and toughness into ceramic powders represents a major innovation in overcoming the obstacles.The ingenious doping of HEA parti-cles preserves the eutectic microstructures of the Al_(2)O_(3)/GdAlO_(3)(GAP)/ZrO_(2)ceramic composite.The high damage tolerance of the HEA alloy under high strain rates enables the absorption of crack energy and alleviation of internal stresses during LPBF,effectively reducing crack initiation and growth.Due to in-creased curvature forces and intense Marangoni convection at the top of the molt pool,particle collision intensifies,leading to the tendency of HEA particles to agglomerate at the upper part of the molt pool.However,this phenomenon can be effectively alleviated in the remelting process of subsequent layer de-position.Furthermore,a portion of the HEA particles partially dissolves and sinks into the molten pool,acting as heterogeneous nucleation particles,inducing the formation of equiaxed eutectic and leading pri-mary phase nucleation.Some HEA particles diffuse into the lamellar ternary eutectic structures,further promoting the refinement of eutectic microstructures due to increased undercooling.The innovative dop-ing of HEA particles has effectively facilitated the fabrication of turbine-structured,conical,and cylindrical ternary eutectic ceramic composite specimens with diameters of about 70 mm,demonstrating significant developmental potential in the field of ceramic composite manufacturing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272060,51902067,51872066 and 52002001)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52032003)+6 种基金the China Postdoctoral Sci-ence Foundation(Nos.2019M651282 and 2022T150157)the Hei-longjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.LBH-Z19022 and LBH-TZ2207)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,the Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innova-tion Fund(No.SAST2019-012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRFCU5710051022)the Science Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Tech-nology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments(No.JCKYS2022603C011)the Domestic Visiting and Studying Project for Outstanding Young Key Talents in Universities of Anhui Province(No.gxgnfx2021131)Young and Middle-aged Top Talent Project of Anhui Polytechnic University.
文摘High-entropy carbide ceramics(HECCs)exhibit superior properties compared to their constituent bi-nary compounds.However,high synthesis and sintering temperature are main obstacles that limit their widespread applications.To address this issue,compositional and particle size controllable high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb02Ta_(0.2))C_(x) powders were successfully prepared by a sugar hydrogel combined with the carbothermal reduction method.Owing to the introduction of carbon vacancy,the temperature for the formation of single-phase solid solution of the high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C_(x) powders was decreased,and the addition of nitrogen decreased the densification temperature of the high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C_(0.95) ceramic by 200℃.In addition,the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the high-entropy(Ti_(0.2)Zr_(0.2)Hf_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2))C_(0.95) ceramic were improved by 29%and 30%,respectively,compared with those without nitrogen doping.Atomic-resolution high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy(HAADF-STEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)mapping re-veal that the segregation of N and small cation Ti as well as large lattice strains are responsible for the enhanced mechanical properties.Furthermore,with the introduction of nitrogen,the onset oxidation tem-perature(OOT)was increased,while the parabolic oxidation rate constant was decreased,revealing the beneficial effect of nitrogen doping on oxidation resistance.These results demonstrate that nitrogen dop-ing can not only improve the mechanical properties of HECCs but also enhance the oxidation resistance,which paves the way for the wide application of HECCs.
基金Project supported by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2024GXNSFAA010415)the Opening Fund of the Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals&Materials of the Ministry of Education(22AA-9)。
文摘A series of single-phase high-entropy perovskite ceramics(HEPCs)(La_(0.25)Nd_(0.25)Sm_(0.25)Gd_(0.25))_(1-x)Yb_(x)MnO_(3)(x=0.25,0.3,0.35 and 0.4)was synthesized using solid-state reactions.The effect of Yb on the structure and magnetic properties was systematically investigated.The results show that all samples are in orthorhombic perovskite structures with a space group of Pbnm and exhibit a strong crystallization trend sintered at 1300℃for 16 h.All HEPCs have a smooth surface morphology with distinct grain boundaries and exhibit significant hysteresis effects at T=5 K.With the increase of Yb,high lattice distortion and weak double exchange lead to the decrease of T_(C).The presence of Jahn-Teller(JT)distortion and the enhancement of MnO_(6)octahedral distortion result in different magnetic interactions.Moreover,the sample has the best magnetic properties at x=0.35 among the four HEPCs,which is attributed to the large content of Mn^(3+),remnant ratio(Mr/Ms)and lattice distortion(σ^(2)).This work provides a valuable reference for regulating the magnetism of high-entropy ceramics based on rare-earth perovskite manganese oxides.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51774179)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(20180550546)+2 种基金Joint Fund of State Key Laboratory of Metal Material for Marine Equipment and Application(HGSKL-USTLN(2021)03)High-Level Talent Fund of USTL(6003000377,6003000294)supported by Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(LJ212410146037)。
文摘The effect of element Ti on the microstructures and mechanical properties of as-cast and annealed NbTaMoWTi,(x=0,1,1.5,2)refractory high-entropy alloys(RHEAs)was investigated.Results show that after Ti addition,the as-cast alloys maintain their original single body-centered cubic(bcc)structure.As for the mechanical properties,compared with those without Ti addition,the strength and ductility of NbTaMoWTi,alloys increase by 93%and 215%,respectively.Furthermore,the NbTaMoWTi alloys exhibit outstanding thermal stability.After annealing at 1400 C,they still maintain the single bcc structure,and their mechanical properties are even slightly improved.However,annealing leads to a significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of high-Ti-content alloys(NbTaMoWTil and NbTaMoWTi2),owing to the formation of Ti-rich acicular phases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.22178148 and 22278193)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘As a catalyst of the air cathode in zinc-air batteries,tungstic acid ferrous(FeWO_(4)),a nanoscale transition metal tungstate,shows a broad application prospect in the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).While FeWO_(4)possesses favorable electrochemical properties and thermodynamic stability,its intrinsic semiconductor characteristics result in a relatively slow electron transfer rate,limiting the ORR catalytic activity.In this work,the electronic structure of FeWO_(4)is significantly modulated by introducing phosphorus(P)atoms with abundant valence electrons.The P doping can adjust the electronic structure of FeWO_(4)and then optimize oxygen-containing intermediates'absorption/desorption efficiency to achieve improved ORR activity.Furthermore,the sodium chloride template is utilized to construct a porous carbon framework for anchoring phosphorus-doped iron tungstate(P-FeWO_(4)/PNC).The porous carbon skeleton provides numerous active sites for the absorption/desorption and redox reactions on the P-FeWO_(4)/PNC surface and serves as mass transport channels for reactants and intermediates.The P-FeWO_(4)/PNC demonstrates ORR performance(E1/2=0.86 V vs.RHE).Furthermore,the zinc-air batteries incorporating the P-FeWO_(4)/PNC composite demonstrate an increased peak power density(172.2 mW·cm^(-2)),high specific capacity(810.1 mAh·g^(-1)),and sustained long-term cycling stability lasting up to 240 h.This research not only contributes to the advancement of cost-effective tungsten-based non-precious metallic ORR catalysts,but also guides their utilization in zinc-air batteries.
基金Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Major Special Program(24ZDWA008)Fourth Batch of Top Leading Talents Fund Projects in Gansu Province(ZZ2023G50100013)。
文摘In this study,FeCr_(x)MnAlCu(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0)high-entropy alloys were fabricated using vacuum arc melting,and the corrosion behavior of these alloys in 3.5wt%NaCl solution at room temperature was investigated by electrochemical dynamic potential polarization curves and immersion experiments.The microstructure results show that the high-entropy alloy with x=0 has a body-centered cubic phase structure,whereas the high-entropy alloys with x=0.5–2.0 have a mixed face-centered cubic+body-centered cubic dual-phase structure.The corrosion results show that the corrosion resistance of the high-entropy alloy is increased with the increase in Cr content.Among them,the high-entropy alloy with x=2.0 exhibits the optimal corrosion resistance:the highest self-corrosion potential(E_(corr)=−0.354 V vs.Ag/AgCl),the smallest self-corrosion current density(I_(corr)=1.991×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2)),and the smallest corrosion rate(0.0292 mm/a).The composite passivation film of oxides and hydroxides is formed on the surface of the corroded high-entropy alloys,and the Cr_(2)O_(3)content is increased with the increase in Cr content,which effectively improves the stability and protective properties of the passivation film.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB3711904,2022YFA1603801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404230,52471181,52301213,52130108,52471005)+2 种基金National Nature Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY23E010002)Open Fund of the China Spallation Neutron Source,Songshan Lake Science City(KFKT2023B11)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110805,2024A1515010878)。
文摘The multi-principal element characteristic of high-entropy alloys has revolutionized the conventional alloy design concept of single-principal element,endowing them with excellent mechanical properties.However,owing to this multi-principal element nature,high-entropy alloys exhibit complex deformation behavior dominated by alternating and coupled deformation mechanisms.Therefore,elucidating these intricate deformation mechanisms remains a key challenge in current research.Neutron diffraction(ND)techniques offer distinct advantages over traditional microscopic methods for characterizing such complex deformation behavior.The strong penetration capability of neutrons enables in-situ,real-time,and non-destructive detection of structural evolution in most centimeter-level bulk samples under complex environments,and ND allows precise characterization of lattice site occupations for light elements,such as C and O,and neighboring elements.This review discussed the principles of ND,experiment procedures,and data analysis.Combining with recent advances in the research about face-centered cubic high-entropy alloy,typical examples of using ND to investigate the deformation behavior were summarized,ultimately revealing deformation mechanisms dominated by dislocations,stacking faults,twinning,and phase transformations.
文摘Silica aerogel has broad applications in the field of high-temperature thermal insulation due to its low density,low thermal conductivity and high stability.However,its thermal insulation performance deteriorates significantly at elevated temperatures exceeding 600℃,primarily due to the collapse of pore structure.Meanwhile,the shielding capacity of SiO_(2) aerogel to the infrared radiation at high temperature is rather low due to the intrinsic properties of SiO_(2).Herein,a strategy for improving the high-temperature stability and infrared shielding properties of SiO_(2) aerogel via Ca doping was explored.Calcium-doped silica aerogel(CSA)powders were prepared by Sol-Gel,hydrothermal,and ambient pressure drying(APD)techniques using water glass and anhydrous calcium chloride as precursors and trimethylchlorosilane as a hydrophobic modifier.The effects of Ca/Si molar ratio in the precursor and hydrothermal conditions(temperature and pH)on the crystalline properties,microscopic morphology and pore structure of CSAs were investigated.The results show that the Ca/Si molar ratio and hydrothermal treatment have significant effects on the microstructure and heat resistance of CSAs in the temperature range of 400-1000℃.The samples sintered at 1000℃have a high specific surface area of 100.1 m^(2)/g and a pore volume of 0.8705 cm^(3)/g,indicating that the CSA has good heat resistance.One-side insulation tests at temperatures up to 600℃show that the sample with a Ca/Si molar ratio of 1.0 has the best insulation performance,with a cold surface temperature of 450℃,which is 27℃lower than that of the pure silica aerogel.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12174075)the Scientific and Technological Bases and Talents of Guangxi (Guike AD21220016)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(AA23073018)the special fund for Guangxi Bagui Scholars。
文摘Mn^(2+)-doped CsPbCl_(3)(Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)) nanocrystals(NCs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique strong and broad orange-red emission band,presenting promising applications in the field of photoelectric devices.However,pristine Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs commonly suffer from low photoluminescence quantum yield(PL QY) and stability issues.Herein,we introduced europium ions(Eu^(3+))into Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs via the thermal injection synthesis method to obtain high performance Eu^(3+)and Mn^(2+)codoped CsPbCl_(3)(Eu^(3+)/Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)) NCs.The maximum PL QY of the resulting Eu^(3+)/Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs reaches up to 90.92%.It is found that the doping of Eu^(3+)ions significantly reduces the non-radiative recombination caused by high defect states,and improves the energy transfer efficiency from exciton to Mn^(2+),thereby boosting the PL performance.Moreover,doping Eu^(3+)ions notably improves the UV-light and water stability of Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs.We further demonstrate the application versatility of Eu^(3+)/Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs in white light emitting diodes(WLEDs) and optical anticounterfeiting applications.This work provides a valuable perspective for the attainment of high performance Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs and lays a foundation for the codoping of other lanthanide ions to adjust the luminescence properties of Mn^(2+):CsPbCl_(3)NCs.
文摘Herein,antibacterial silver‑doped fluorescent carbon dots(Ag‑CDs)were synthesized through a stepwise hydrothermal method,with polyethyleneimine(PEI),citric acid(CA),and silver nitrate(AgNO3)serving as precursors.The applicability and antimicrobial efficacy of these nanomaterials were systematically investigated for metal ion sensing.Experimental evidence demonstrated that the Ag‑CDs exhibited a pronounced fluorescence quenching response toward ferric ions(Fe^(3+)),enabling their quantitative determination via a linear concentration‑dependent relationship.These Ag‑CDs exhibited significant inhibitory effects on biofilm growth and disruption for both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Mechanism investigations indicate that Ag‑CDs induced the death of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by disrupting their bacterial morphology and structure,triggering the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS),and impairing their antioxidant defense system.
基金supported by the project on Natural Science Foundation of China(Key Project of 52131306)Carbon Emission Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(no.BE2022031-4)+1 种基金by research start-up funds from Southeast University(RF1028624081)Nanjing Normal University(184080H201B41).
文摘Layered Ni-rich oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)often struggle with poor thermal safety and capacity fade.Xin and colleagues’studies in Nature and Nature Energy demonstrate a novel high-entropy(compositionally complex)doping strategy,introducing“cocktail effects”from multiple constituents.This approach substantially improves cycling performance and stability,reduces material cost,and may pave the way toward the development of advanced electrodes for next-generation LIBs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12172093)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2021A1515012607)。
文摘High-entropy oxides(HEOs)have emerged as a promising class of memristive materials,characterized by entropy-stabilized crystal structures,multivalent cation coordination,and tunable defect landscapes.These intrinsic features enable forming-free resistive switching,multilevel conductance modulation,and synaptic plasticity,making HEOs attractive for neuromorphic computing.This review outlines recent progress in HEO-based memristors across materials engineering,switching mechanisms,and synaptic emulation.Particular attention is given to vacancy migration,phase transitions,and valence-state dynamics—mechanisms that underlie the switching behaviors observed in both amorphous and crystalline systems.Their relevance to neuromorphic functions such as short-term plasticity and spike-timing-dependent learning is also examined.While encouraging results have been achieved at the device level,challenges remain in conductance precision,variability control,and scalable integration.Addressing these demands a concerted effort across materials design,interface optimization,and task-aware modeling.With such integration,HEO memristors offer a compelling pathway toward energy-efficient and adaptable brain-inspired electronics.
基金financially supported by the Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo。
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs),characterized by their unique compositional diversity and configurational entropy,have emerged as promising candidates in the field of photocatalysis.These materials,typically composed of five or more principal elements,exhibit remarkable structural stability,enhanced electronic properties,and superior resistance to corrosion and oxidation.In the realm of photocatalysis,HEMs offer several advantages,including broad spectral absorption,efficient charge separation,and robust catalytic activity under various environmental conditions.This review summarizes recent advancements in the synthesis,characterization,and application of HEMs for photocatalytic processes,such as H_(2)evolution,CO_(2)conversion,organic pollutant degradation,and organic conversion.By exploring the intrinsic properties of HEMs and their synergistic effects,we aim to highlight their potential to revolutionize the design and development of next-generation photocatalysts.The integration of HEMs into photocatalytic systems not only paves the way for more efficient and sustainable energy conversion technologies but also opens new avenues for environmental remediation.
基金the financial support by Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0607400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52402305)+4 种基金the high-level innovation and entrepreneurship talent project of Qinchuangyuan(No.QCYRCXM-2023-084)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number GZB20230570 and 2024M752552Key projects of Shaanxi Province,China(2023GXLH-001)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2024JCYBQN-0494,No.2022TD-27)the State Key Laboratory for Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(No.EIPE23125)。
文摘High-entropy layered hydroxides(HELHs),an emerging frontier in entropy-stabilized materials derived from layered double hydroxides(LDHs),have captivated attention with their unparalleled tunability,thermodynamic stability,and electrochemical performance.The integration of the high-entropy concept into LDHs empowers HELHs to surmount the constraints of conventional materials through compositional diversity,structurally disordered configurations,and synergistic multi-element interactions.This review systematically embarks on their synthesis methodologies,functional mechanisms,and applications in energy conversion/storage and biomedicine.Advanced synthesis strategies,such as plasma-assisted hydrothermal methods,facilitate precise control over HELH architectures while supporting scalable production.HELHs demonstrate superior electrochemical performance in critical reactions,including oxygen evolution reaction,water oxidation,hydrogen evolution,and glucose electrooxidation.Future directions encompass integrating in situ characterization with simulations,leveraging machine learning for composition screening,and expanding HELHs application through interdisciplinary collaborations.This work establishes a comprehensive roadmap for advancing HELHs as next-generation multifunctional platforms for sustainable energy and biomedical technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52271200)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010393)USTB MatCom of Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering。
文摘Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is a crucial method for addressing energy issues and achieving carbon neutrality.Doping of Cu catalysts represents an effective approach to regulate electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.This review article summarizes the research progress on improving the performance of Cu-based material electrocatalysts through doping regulation.The background,fundamental research,evaluation parameters,and methods for catalyst design,along with their influencing factors,are introduced.Emphasis is placed on the impact of doping with different elements(such as noble metals,transition metals,main-group metals,non-metals,etc.)on the performance of Cu-based catalysts,including the mechanisms for enhancing activity,selectivity,and stability.In-situ characterization techniques have revealed the structural evolution and catalytic mechanisms during the doping process.Mechanistic studies,leveraging the ever-advancing computational capabilities and high-throughput methods,have given rise to typical computational descriptors like volcano plots,free-energy diagrams,and machine-learning-based approaches.These descriptors have become key tools for screening high-efficiency catalysts in various application scenarios of the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).This article comprehensively summarizes the current research achievements and looks ahead to the future,indicating that strengthening the combination of theory and experiment and exploring industrial applications are the future research directions,aiming to provide a comprehensive reference for the development of highly efficient doped Cu-based electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378247 and 22078187)China-CEEC University Joint Education Project(2021099)+1 种基金the International Joint Research Center for Biomass Chemistry and Materials,the Shaanxi International Science and Technology Cooperation Base(2018GHJD-19)Ning Wei and Xue Yao are grateful to Innovative Talents International Cooperative Training Project from China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202310470014 and 202310470013).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted extensive attention in the field of electrocatalysis due to their high performance enabled by their multi-component,tunable structural characteristics and excellent stability.HEMs are usually composed of five or more metal elements,and have core advantages such as high configurational entropy,lattice distortion and multi-element synergistic effect,which provide new possibilities for composition regulation and performance optimization of catalysts.Especially at the nanoscale,HEMs show a larger specific surface area,abundant active sites and higher catalytic reaction efficiency,further expanding their application potential in electrochemical reactions.This paper systematically reviews the classification,structure construction and regulation strategies of HEMs,and focuses on their research progress in critical electrocatalytic reactions including water splitting(HER,OER),hydrogen oxidation(HOR),oxygen reduction(ORR),carbon dioxide reduction(CO_(2)RR),nitrate reduction(NO_(3)-RR)and electrooxidation of organics(EOO).In addition,the preparation methods of HEMs,the structure-performance relationship and the entropy regulation mechanism in the catalytic process are analyzed.Finally,this paper proposes the key challenges currently faced by HEMs in electrocatalytic applications and looks forward to their future development direction,providing a theoretical basis and design ideas for building a new generation of efficient and sustainable electrocatalysts.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52575458,52405424,52275575)Science and Technology Programme of Fujian Province(2024J010011,2024H0002)。
文摘Temperature stability is essential for the precision of flexible sensors.However,constrained by the composite principle of heterogeneous materials,the existing self-compensating methods encounter substantial challenges.To tackle this,high-entropy alloy nanofibers were utilized to construct a flexible strain sensor with inherent temperature stability.This approach leverages the electrohydrodynamic direct writing;a precursor conductive network was established through the electrospinning of a high-entropy alloy acetate and polyvinylidene difluoride solution blend.Subsequently,annealing treatment facilitated metallization,resulting in the synergistic preservation of polymer stretchability and the low temperature coefficient of resistance properties of high-entropy alloys inside the nanofibers.The test results demonstrate that the high-entropy alloys flexible strain sensor exhibits a remarkably low temperature coefficient of resistance(45.59 ppm K^(-1))across the range of-10 to 70℃,a sensitivity coefficient GF of 1.12 with a 50%strain range,and a response time of 310 ms.After 6000 stretching cycles,no baseline drift or failure occurred,indicating excellent cyclic stability.Furthermore,the outstanding temperature stability of the sensor was validated through wearable application and robotic hands strain sensing conducted under varied environment temperatures.This work provides a viable design pathway for developing flexible sensors with an inherently low temperature coefficient of resistance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52071179, 52271033)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51931003)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BK20221493)the Jiangsu Province Leading Edge Technology Basic Research Major Project, China (No. BK20222014)the Foundation of “Qinglan Project” for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province, China。
文摘The composition−property relationship of 18 quaternary high entropy diborides(HEBs)consisting of boron and IVB,VB and VIB transition metals(TM)was investigated using first-principles calculations.A valence electron concentration−relative electronegativity(VEC−REN)composite descriptor was developed to effectively predict the mechanical properties of HEBs.The results demonstrate that with a fixed VEC,the rise of the REN makes HEBs harder but more brittle when the electronegativity of doped TM atoms is lower than that of boron atoms.However,HEBs become softer and more ductile as REN increases if the doped TM atoms have higher electronegativity than boron atoms.The VEC−REN composite descriptor can accurately classify and predict the mechanical properties of HEBs with different components,which provides important theoretical guidance for the rapid design and development of novel high-entropy ceramic materials.
