Osmotic energy,existing between the seawater and river water,is a renewable energy source,which can be directly converted into electricity by ion-exchange membranes(IEM).In traditional IEMs,the ion transport channels ...Osmotic energy,existing between the seawater and river water,is a renewable energy source,which can be directly converted into electricity by ion-exchange membranes(IEM).In traditional IEMs,the ion transport channels are formed by nanophase separation of hydrophilic ion carriers and hydrophobic segments.It is difficult to realize high-density ion channels with controlled spatial arrangement and length scale of ion carriers.Herein,we construct high-density 1D ion wires as transmission channels.Through molecular design,hydrophilic imidazole groups and hydrophobic alkyl tails were introduced into the repeat units,which self-assembled into 1D ion transporting core and protecting shell along the main chains.The areal density of the ionic wire arrays is up to~10^(12)cm^(-2),which is the highest value.The ionic wires ensure both high ion flux transport and high selectivity,achieving an ultrahigh-power density of 40.5 W m^(-2)at a 500-fold salinity gradient.Besides,the ionic wire array membrane is well recyclable and antibacterial.The ionic wires provide novel concept for next generation of high-performance membranes.展开更多
[Objectives]The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule ofβ-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5 th instar silkworm(Bombyx mori),in order to provide a refer...[Objectives]The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule ofβ-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5 th instar silkworm(Bombyx mori),in order to provide a reference for illustrating the enzymatic mechanism of usingβ-fructofuranosidase to absorb sucrose nutrition from mulberry leaves.[Methods]Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the expression of BmSuc1 and BmSuc2 in midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae,meanwhile the activities ofβ-fructofuranosidase was determined.[Results]BmSuc1 was expressed in the midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae at different developmental stages.Its expression was upregulated at the beginning of the 5 th instar and during the peak feeding period,whereas BmSuc2 expression remained very low throughout the entire 5 th instar.The activity ofβ-fructofuranosidase was relatively high during the peak feeding period of 5 th-instar larvae,showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.[Conclusions]The expression pattern of the BmSuc1 gene and the changes inβ-fructofuranosidase activity were generally consistent with the physiological process of sugar nutrient absorption and utilization from mulberry leaves in 5 th-instar silkworms.It suggests that BmSuc1,as a sucrose hydrolase gene,plays a major role in the digestion and absorption of sucrose nutrients from mulberry leaves in the midgut tissue.展开更多
The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examinin...The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.展开更多
Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)a...Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species.展开更多
Botrytis cinerea is a major necrotrophic pathogen responsible for significant crop losses worldwide.Alternative strategies to control B.cinerea are urgently needed to reduce dependence on chemical fungicides,which are...Botrytis cinerea is a major necrotrophic pathogen responsible for significant crop losses worldwide.Alternative strategies to control B.cinerea are urgently needed to reduce dependence on chemical fungicides,which are increasingly ineffective due to resistance and pose environmental risks.In this study,we identified two immunogenic epitopes derived from the B.cinerea cell death-inducing protein BcCrh1 and used them to engineer disease-resistant plants through a novel,spatially compartmentalized dual-epitope immune activation strategy.The first epitope is derived from a 35-amino acid intracellular peptide that exhibits both immunogenicity and cell death-inducing activity,which was mutated to separate these two properties.The second peptide represents an immunogenic portion of the protein that activates extracellular plant immunity.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that these epitopes trigger complementary defense pathways,and their co-expression integrates these responses into a robust,multilayered immunity,providing significantly enhanced protection compared with individual expression.Although constitutive expression of two epitopes conferred resistance,it also led to growth penalties.In contrast,pathogen-inducible expression of two epitopes preserved normal plant development while maintaining strong resistance to both B.cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis and tomato.This inducible strategy offers a major advantage by minimizing fitness costs while maximizing protection,highlighting the potential of spatially and temporally targeted epitope-based immune activation for durable and sustainable crop protection.展开更多
Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challengin...Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.展开更多
The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant ...The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,are crucial formaintaining genome stability,yet their prognostic significance in eBCremains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-BRCA genes on clinical outcomes in eBC patients.Significant correlations were observed between the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of the genes Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM was associated with longer metastasis-free survival(MFS).Conversely,lower mRNA expression of BLM correlated with favorable outcomes,particularly in triple-negative tumors.Additionally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression were linked to significantly longer MFS compared to low expression levels.This study highlights the prognostic significance of ATM,BLM,and WRN in predicting survival outcomes in eBC patients.Background:The prognostic significance of various biological and non-BRCA genetic in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)remains unclear and warrants further investigation.This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of these genes on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.Methods:Patients included in this study were subdivided into two groups based on low and high messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels.Statistical analysis,including Kaplan-Meier curves,univariable,andmultivariable Cox regression analyses,was performed to assess metastasis-free survival(MFS)of mRNA expression of non-BRCA genes.Subgroup analyses were also conducted among four different molecular subtypes of eBC.Results:Our analysis revealed significant correlations between mRNA-expression levels of Ataxiatelangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM correlated with longer MFS in the entire cohort(p=0.022,Log Rank),and in luminal-B-like tumors(p=0.036).Lower mRNA expression of BLM was associated with favorable outcomes(p=0.011,Log Rank),particularly in triple-negative eBC(p=0.030,Log Rank).Finally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression correlated with significantly longerMFS compared to lowmRNA expression levels(p=0.009,Log Rank).Conclusions:This study underscores the prognostic significance of moderate penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,such as ATM,BLM,and WRN,for survival outcomes in eBC.展开更多
Objective Hepatitis Delt a Virus（HDV） antigen is widely used as a capture antigen in ELISAs for the identification of HDV infection; large amounts of recombinant HDV antigen with active antigenicity are required for...Objective Hepatitis Delt a Virus（HDV） antigen is widely used as a capture antigen in ELISAs for the identification of HDV infection; large amounts of recombinant HDV antigen with active antigenicity are required for this purpose. Methods Reconstruct the gene of HDV antigen based on the bias code of Escherichia coli, the recombinant protein expresses by high-density fermentation with fed-batch feeding strategy, and purify by immobilized metal chromatography. The sensitivity and specificity of this antigen detect by ELISA method. Results The expression of HDV antigen can reach 20% of the total cell mass in the soluble form. The recombinant HDV antigen can be conveniently purified（98%） by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography（IMAC） using the interaction between a His-tag and nickel ions. Production of recombinant HDV antigen can reach 0.5 g/L under conditions of high-density cell fermentation. Applied to the diagnostic ELISA method, the recombinant HDV antigen shows excellent sensitivity（97% for IgM and 100% for IgG） and specificity（100% for IgG and IgM） for the detection of anti-HDV antibodies. Conclusion Expression and purification the recombinant HDV antigen as a candidate protein for application in a diagnostic ELISA for HDV infection. Large-scale production of the protein can be achieved using the high-density fermentation strategy.展开更多
Long-day length and high temperature inhibit sex expression in pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata Duch.),and therefore directly impact the production potential.In this study,female flowering patterns in photoperiod-insensitiv...Long-day length and high temperature inhibit sex expression in pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata Duch.),and therefore directly impact the production potential.In this study,female flowering patterns in photoperiod-insensitive(PPIS)and photoperiod-sensitive(PPS)germplasms differed significantly in a moderately long day and high temperature environment.However,both germplasms exhibited a similar response in short day with either low temperature or high temperature environment.Photoperiod sensitivity led to this difference in sex expression between the germplasms.For the traits of 1st female flowering node(FFFN)and number of female flowers(NFF),high-density linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping were performed using SLAF-seq technology and 162 F_(2) individuals generated from PPIS and PPS.In total,4655 SLAFs were selected and mapped on 20 linkage groups(LGs).The total map length was 2502.01 cM with an average interval distance of 0.75 cM.Major QTLs for both FFFN and NFF were detected on LG6 with intervals of 7.89 and 17.67 cM and PVE values of 30.5%and 22.9%,respectively.Further analyses of the major locus for FFFN revealed 73 protein-coding genes.Among them,4 were related to sex expression,photoperiod flowering,and hormone response.An InDel(insertion and deletion)marker partially correlated with FFFN of the F_(2) population was also developed.Our study identified the QTL for the sex expression response to environmental factors using the high-density linkage map.The identified candidate genes and markers will provide useful information about the molecular interaction between the environment and sex expression and for marker-assisted selection of pumpkin environment-insensitive resources.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Lipid metabolism,as an important part of material and energy circulation,is well known to play a crucial role in CRC.AIM To ex...BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Lipid metabolism,as an important part of material and energy circulation,is well known to play a crucial role in CRC.AIM To explore the relationship between serum lipids and CRC development and identify aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in CRC.METHODS We retrospectively collected 843 patients who had confirmed CRC and received surgical resection from 2013 to 2015 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences as our research subjects.The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),LDL-C/HDL-C and clinical features were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS.Then,we used the data from Oncomine to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to confirm the candidate DEGs.PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of the DEGs,and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs.RESULTS The serum HDL-C level in CRC patients was significantly correlated with tumor size,and patients whose tumor size was more than 5 cm had a lower serum HDL-C level(1.18±0.41 mmol/L vs 1.25±0.35 mmol/L,P<0.01)than their counterparts.In addition,TC/HDL(4.19±1.33 vs 3.93±1.26,P<0.01)and LDL-C/HDL-C(2.83±1.10 vs 2.61±0.96,P<0.01)were higher in patients with larger tumors.The levels of HDL-C(P<0.05),TC/HDL-C(P<0.01)and LDL-C/HDL-C(P<0.05)varied in different stages of CRC patients,and the differences were significant.We screened 14 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and confirmed that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8(LRP8),PCSK9,low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated,while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in cancer tissue.Higher expression of LDLR(HR=3.12,95%CI:1.77-5.49,P<0.001),ABCA1(HR=1.66,95%CI:1.11-2.48,P=0.012)and OSBPL1A(HR=1.38,95%CI:1.01-1.89,P=0.041)all yielded significantly poorer DFS outcomes.Higher expression of FDXR(HR=0.7,95%CI:0.47-1.05,P=0.002)was correlated with longer DFS.LDLR,ABCA1,OSBPL1A and FDXR were involved in many important cellular function pathways.CONCLUSION Serum HDL-C levels are associated with tumor size and stage in CRC patients.LRP8,PCSK9,LDLR,MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated,while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in CRC.Among them,LDLR,ABCA1,OSBPL1A and FDXR were valuable prognostic factors of DFS and were involved in important cellular function pathways.展开更多
Artificial intelligence,such as deep learning technology,has advanced the study of facial expression recognition since facial expression carries rich emotional information and is significant for many naturalistic situ...Artificial intelligence,such as deep learning technology,has advanced the study of facial expression recognition since facial expression carries rich emotional information and is significant for many naturalistic situations.To pursue a high facial expression recognition accuracy,the network model of deep learning is generally designed to be very deep while the model’s real-time performance is typically constrained and limited.With MobileNetV3,a lightweight model with a good accuracy,a further study is conducted by adding a basic ResNet module to each of its existing modules and an SSH(Single Stage Headless Face Detector)context module to expand the model’s perceptual field.In this article,the enhanced model named Res-MobileNetV3,could alleviate the subpar of real-time performance and compress the size of large network models,which can process information at a rate of up to 33 frames per second.Although the improved model has been verified to be slightly inferior to the current state-of-the-art method in aspect of accuracy rate on the publically available face expression datasets,it can bring a good balance on accuracy,real-time performance,model size and model complexity in practical applications.展开更多
Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confi...Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confirmed that OsADCS and OsGTPCHI,encoding the initial enzymes necessary for folate synthesis,positively regulate folate accumulation in knockout mutants of both japonica and indica rice backgrounds.The folate content in the low-folate japonica variety was slightly increased by the expression of the indica alleles driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.We further obtained co-expression lines by stacking OsADCS and OsGTPCHI genes;the folate accumulation in brown rice and polished rice reached 5.65μg/g and 2.95μg/g,respectively,representing 37.9-fold and 26.5-fold increases compared with the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis of rice grains from six transgenic lines showed that folate changes affected biological pathways involved in the synthesis and metabolism of rice seed storage substances,while the expression of other folate synthesis genes was weakly regulated.In addition,we identified Aus rice as a high-folate germplasm carrying superior haplotypes of OsADCS and OsGTPCHI through natural variation.This study provides an alternative and effective complementary strategy for rice biofortification,promoting the rational combination of metabolic engineering and conventional breeding to breed high-folate varieties.展开更多
Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a qua...Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.展开更多
Objective INF2 is a member of the formins family.Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors,but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(H...Objective INF2 is a member of the formins family.Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors,but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain unclear.HCC is a highly lethal malignant tumor.Given the limitations of traditional treatments,this study explored the expression level,clinical value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC in order to seek new therapeutic targets.Methods In this study,we used public databases to analyze the expression of INF2 in pan-cancer and HCC,as well as the impact of INF2 expression levels on HCC prognosis.Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of INF2 in liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues.The correlation between INF2 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed using public databases and clinical data of human HCC samples.Subsequently,the effects of INF2 expression on the biological function and Drp1 phosphorylation of liver cancer cells were elucidated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Finally,the predictive value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC were further analyzed through database and immunohistochemical experiments.Results INF2 is aberrantly high expression in HCC samples and the high expression of INF2 is correlated with overall survival,liver cirrhosis and pathological differentiation of HCC patients.The expression level of INF2 has certain diagnostic value in predicting the prognosis and pathological differentiation of HCC.In vivo and in vitro HCC models,upregulated expression of INF2 triggers the proliferation and migration of the HCC cell,while knockdown of INF2 could counteract this effect.INF2 in liver cancer cells may affect mitochondrial division by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and mediate immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 expression,thus promoting tumor progression.Conclusion INF2 is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis.High expression of INF2 may promote HCC progression by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression,and targeting INF2 may be beneficial for HCC patients with high expression of INF2.展开更多
The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monit...The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16℃in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni⁃NTA affinity column.Size⁃exclusion chromatography and SDS⁃PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri⁃fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD^(+)as a coenzyme to NADP^(+).The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26%of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg^(2+)or Ca^(2+)could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32%and 110.69%of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP⁃MS and molecular doc⁃king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn^(2+)ions and 1 mol/L Mg^(2+)ion.Further⁃more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.展开更多
DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expres...DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.展开更多
Metal-support interactions and hydrogen spillover effects in heterogeneous catalysts play a crucial role in aromatic hydrogenation reactions;however,these effects are limited by the metal dispersion on the catalyst an...Metal-support interactions and hydrogen spillover effects in heterogeneous catalysts play a crucial role in aromatic hydrogenation reactions;however,these effects are limited by the metal dispersion on the catalyst and the number of acceptable H*receptors.This study prepares highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles(NPs)catalysts on a Beta substrate via precursor structure topology transformation.In contrast to traditional support materials,the coordination and electronic structure changes between the Ni NPs and the support were achieved,further optimizing the active interface sites and enhancing hydrogen activation and hydrogenation performance.Additionally,the-OH groups at the strong acid sites in zeolite effectively intensified the hydrogen spillover effect as receptors for H^(*)migration and anchoring,accelerating the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings.Under solvent-free conditions,this catalyst was used for the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic-rich oils,directly producing a C_(8)-C_(14)branched cycloalkanes mixture with an aromatic conversion rate of>99%.The cycloalkanes mixture produced by this method features high density(0.92 g/mL)and a low freezing point(<-60℃),making it suitable for use as high-density aviation fuel or as an additive to enhance the volumetric heat value of conventional aviation fuels in practical applications.展开更多
Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-...Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.展开更多
In rotationally extruded fittings,high-density polyethylene(HDPE)pipes prepared using conventional processing methods often suffer from poor pressure resistance and low toughness.This study introduces an innovative ro...In rotationally extruded fittings,high-density polyethylene(HDPE)pipes prepared using conventional processing methods often suffer from poor pressure resistance and low toughness.This study introduces an innovative rotary shear system(RSS)to address these deficiencies through controlled mandrel rotation and cooling rates.We successfully prepared self-reinforced HDPE pipes with a three-layer structure combining spherical and shish-kebab crystals.Rotational processing aligned the molecular chains in the ring direction and formed shish-kebab crystals.As a result,the annular tensile strength of the rotationally processed three-layer shish-kebab structure(TSK)pipe increased from 26.7 MPa to 76.3 MPa,an enhancement of 185.8%.Notably,while maintaining excellent tensile strength(73.4 MPa),the elongation at break of the spherulite shishkebab spherulite(SKS)tubes was improved to 50.1%,as compared to 33.8%in the case of shish-kebab spherulite shish-kebab(KSK)tubes.This improvement can be attributed to the changes in the micro-morphology and polymer structure within the SKS tubes,specifically due to the formation of small-sized shish-kebab crystals and the low degrees of interlocking.In addition,2D-SAXS analysis revealed that KSK tubes have higher tensile strength due to smaller crystal sizes and larger shish dimensions,forming dense interlocking structures.In contrast,the SKS and TSK tubes had thicker amorphous regions and smaller shish sizes,resulting in reduced interlocking and mechanical performance.展开更多
Evaluation of backfilling effectiveness plays a crucial role in the geological environment management and restoration of abandoned open-pit quarries,providing a scientific basis for subsequent greening efforts.Backfil...Evaluation of backfilling effectiveness plays a crucial role in the geological environment management and restoration of abandoned open-pit quarries,providing a scientific basis for subsequent greening efforts.Backfill soil,predominantly composed of silty clay,demonstrates high water retention capacity and elevated moisture content,leading to a pronounced resistivity contrast with the bedrock exposed by quarrying activities.To investigate the distribution of backfill soil subsurface and assess backfilling effectiveness in the study area,this study conducted a comprehensive geophysical investigation utilizing the high-density electrical resistivity tomography(ERT).A total of 19 ERT survey lines were deployed across three distinct areas in Liuyao Village,Huaibei City,Anhui Province,China.The inversion results,derived from both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D),reveal distinct electrical properties of the subsurface materials:the backfill soil layer shows low resistivity features,the fill stone layer exhibits medium to high resistivity,and the bedrock shows the highest resistivity.The 2D inversion results,from the data measured using the Wenner array effectively capture the spatial distribution and structural features of the backfill soil layer.The findings indicate a gradual east-west thinning of the clay layer within the quarry.Furthermore,the northern pit area exhibits a uniform distribution of backfill soil layer,indicative of effective backfilling operations.In contrast,the southern pit area lacks a well-defined clay layer,suggesting suboptimal backfilling effectiveness.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(2022SFGC0801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22005162 and 22175009)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020QE093)。
文摘Osmotic energy,existing between the seawater and river water,is a renewable energy source,which can be directly converted into electricity by ion-exchange membranes(IEM).In traditional IEMs,the ion transport channels are formed by nanophase separation of hydrophilic ion carriers and hydrophobic segments.It is difficult to realize high-density ion channels with controlled spatial arrangement and length scale of ion carriers.Herein,we construct high-density 1D ion wires as transmission channels.Through molecular design,hydrophilic imidazole groups and hydrophobic alkyl tails were introduced into the repeat units,which self-assembled into 1D ion transporting core and protecting shell along the main chains.The areal density of the ionic wire arrays is up to~10^(12)cm^(-2),which is the highest value.The ionic wires ensure both high ion flux transport and high selectivity,achieving an ultrahigh-power density of 40.5 W m^(-2)at a 500-fold salinity gradient.Besides,the ionic wire array membrane is well recyclable and antibacterial.The ionic wires provide novel concept for next generation of high-performance membranes.
基金Supported by General Project of Yunnan Provincial Agricultural Basic Research Joint Special Project(202301BD070001-229)Yunnan Provincial Key R&D Program(202403AK140075)+1 种基金Modern Sericulture Industry Technology System of Yunan Province(KJTX-07)Honghe Comprehensive Test Station of National Sericulture Industry Technology System(CARS-18).
文摘[Objectives]The present study was conducted to investigate the change rule ofβ-fructofuranosidase gene expression and its enzyme activity in the midgut of 5 th instar silkworm(Bombyx mori),in order to provide a reference for illustrating the enzymatic mechanism of usingβ-fructofuranosidase to absorb sucrose nutrition from mulberry leaves.[Methods]Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to analyze the expression of BmSuc1 and BmSuc2 in midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae,meanwhile the activities ofβ-fructofuranosidase was determined.[Results]BmSuc1 was expressed in the midgut of 5 th-instar silkworm larvae at different developmental stages.Its expression was upregulated at the beginning of the 5 th instar and during the peak feeding period,whereas BmSuc2 expression remained very low throughout the entire 5 th instar.The activity ofβ-fructofuranosidase was relatively high during the peak feeding period of 5 th-instar larvae,showing a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.[Conclusions]The expression pattern of the BmSuc1 gene and the changes inβ-fructofuranosidase activity were generally consistent with the physiological process of sugar nutrient absorption and utilization from mulberry leaves in 5 th-instar silkworms.It suggests that BmSuc1,as a sucrose hydrolase gene,plays a major role in the digestion and absorption of sucrose nutrients from mulberry leaves in the midgut tissue.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301851)。
文摘The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QD110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42106128)。
文摘Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.32372514)the Research and Innovation Initiatives of WHPU(grant no.2024J02)+1 种基金Y.L.(202108280009)was funded by the China Scholarship Councilsupported by BARD(grant no.5261-20C)to A.S and T.M.
文摘Botrytis cinerea is a major necrotrophic pathogen responsible for significant crop losses worldwide.Alternative strategies to control B.cinerea are urgently needed to reduce dependence on chemical fungicides,which are increasingly ineffective due to resistance and pose environmental risks.In this study,we identified two immunogenic epitopes derived from the B.cinerea cell death-inducing protein BcCrh1 and used them to engineer disease-resistant plants through a novel,spatially compartmentalized dual-epitope immune activation strategy.The first epitope is derived from a 35-amino acid intracellular peptide that exhibits both immunogenicity and cell death-inducing activity,which was mutated to separate these two properties.The second peptide represents an immunogenic portion of the protein that activates extracellular plant immunity.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that these epitopes trigger complementary defense pathways,and their co-expression integrates these responses into a robust,multilayered immunity,providing significantly enhanced protection compared with individual expression.Although constitutive expression of two epitopes conferred resistance,it also led to growth penalties.In contrast,pathogen-inducible expression of two epitopes preserved normal plant development while maintaining strong resistance to both B.cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis and tomato.This inducible strategy offers a major advantage by minimizing fitness costs while maximizing protection,highlighting the potential of spatially and temporally targeted epitope-based immune activation for durable and sustainable crop protection.
基金supported by Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(CATAS-Nos.1630152023007,1630152023011,1630152023012,1630152023013)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32071805).
文摘Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.),a major oil and fruit crop of the Arecaceae family,is extensively cultivated across the Asia—Pacific region.Despite its agricultural importance,genome assembly in coconut remains challenging due to its large genome size and high proportion of repetitive sequences.Allele-specific expression(ASE)plays a key role in regulating plant development and evolution,yet research on ASE in coconut is limited(Shao et al.,2019;Li et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2021;Hu et al.,2022).Among phenotypic traits,fruit color is especially important as an indicator of maturity,guiding harvest timing and post-harvest processes(Kapoor et al.,2022).While prior studies have explored various coconut traits such as salt tolerance,fiber content,and plant height(Wang et al.,2021;Yang et al.,2021),investigations into ASE and fruit color remain scarce.
文摘The prognostic and therapeutic roles of biological markers in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)warrant further investigation.Non-Breast Cancer(BRCA)genes,along with moderate-and low-penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,are crucial formaintaining genome stability,yet their prognostic significance in eBCremains unclear.This study aimed to evaluate the impact of non-BRCA genes on clinical outcomes in eBC patients.Significant correlations were observed between the messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels of the genes Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM was associated with longer metastasis-free survival(MFS).Conversely,lower mRNA expression of BLM correlated with favorable outcomes,particularly in triple-negative tumors.Additionally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression were linked to significantly longer MFS compared to low expression levels.This study highlights the prognostic significance of ATM,BLM,and WRN in predicting survival outcomes in eBC patients.Background:The prognostic significance of various biological and non-BRCA genetic in early-stage breast cancer(eBC)remains unclear and warrants further investigation.This study therefore aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of these genes on clinical outcomes in breast cancer.Methods:Patients included in this study were subdivided into two groups based on low and high messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA)expression levels.Statistical analysis,including Kaplan-Meier curves,univariable,andmultivariable Cox regression analyses,was performed to assess metastasis-free survival(MFS)of mRNA expression of non-BRCA genes.Subgroup analyses were also conducted among four different molecular subtypes of eBC.Results:Our analysis revealed significant correlations between mRNA-expression levels of Ataxiatelangiectasia mutated(ATM),Bloom helicase gene(BLM),and WRN RecQ Like Helicase(WRN)and patient prognosis.High mRNA expression of ATM correlated with longer MFS in the entire cohort(p=0.022,Log Rank),and in luminal-B-like tumors(p=0.036).Lower mRNA expression of BLM was associated with favorable outcomes(p=0.011,Log Rank),particularly in triple-negative eBC(p=0.030,Log Rank).Finally,high levels of WRN mRNA expression correlated with significantly longerMFS compared to lowmRNA expression levels(p=0.009,Log Rank).Conclusions:This study underscores the prognostic significance of moderate penetrance breast cancer risk variant genes,such as ATM,BLM,and WRN,for survival outcomes in eBC.
文摘Objective Hepatitis Delt a Virus（HDV） antigen is widely used as a capture antigen in ELISAs for the identification of HDV infection; large amounts of recombinant HDV antigen with active antigenicity are required for this purpose. Methods Reconstruct the gene of HDV antigen based on the bias code of Escherichia coli, the recombinant protein expresses by high-density fermentation with fed-batch feeding strategy, and purify by immobilized metal chromatography. The sensitivity and specificity of this antigen detect by ELISA method. Results The expression of HDV antigen can reach 20% of the total cell mass in the soluble form. The recombinant HDV antigen can be conveniently purified（98%） by immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography（IMAC） using the interaction between a His-tag and nickel ions. Production of recombinant HDV antigen can reach 0.5 g/L under conditions of high-density cell fermentation. Applied to the diagnostic ELISA method, the recombinant HDV antigen shows excellent sensitivity（97% for IgM and 100% for IgG） and specificity（100% for IgG and IgM） for the detection of anti-HDV antibodies. Conclusion Expression and purification the recombinant HDV antigen as a candidate protein for application in a diagnostic ELISA for HDV infection. Large-scale production of the protein can be achieved using the high-density fermentation strategy.
基金supported by Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2020B020220003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31601748)the Agricultural competitive industry discipline team building project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.202103TD).
文摘Long-day length and high temperature inhibit sex expression in pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata Duch.),and therefore directly impact the production potential.In this study,female flowering patterns in photoperiod-insensitive(PPIS)and photoperiod-sensitive(PPS)germplasms differed significantly in a moderately long day and high temperature environment.However,both germplasms exhibited a similar response in short day with either low temperature or high temperature environment.Photoperiod sensitivity led to this difference in sex expression between the germplasms.For the traits of 1st female flowering node(FFFN)and number of female flowers(NFF),high-density linkage map construction and quantitative trait locus(QTL)mapping were performed using SLAF-seq technology and 162 F_(2) individuals generated from PPIS and PPS.In total,4655 SLAFs were selected and mapped on 20 linkage groups(LGs).The total map length was 2502.01 cM with an average interval distance of 0.75 cM.Major QTLs for both FFFN and NFF were detected on LG6 with intervals of 7.89 and 17.67 cM and PVE values of 30.5%and 22.9%,respectively.Further analyses of the major locus for FFFN revealed 73 protein-coding genes.Among them,4 were related to sex expression,photoperiod flowering,and hormone response.An InDel(insertion and deletion)marker partially correlated with FFFN of the F_(2) population was also developed.Our study identified the QTL for the sex expression response to environmental factors using the high-density linkage map.The identified candidate genes and markers will provide useful information about the molecular interaction between the environment and sex expression and for marker-assisted selection of pumpkin environment-insensitive resources.
文摘BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract.Lipid metabolism,as an important part of material and energy circulation,is well known to play a crucial role in CRC.AIM To explore the relationship between serum lipids and CRC development and identify aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in CRC.METHODS We retrospectively collected 843 patients who had confirmed CRC and received surgical resection from 2013 to 2015 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences as our research subjects.The levels of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),LDL-C/HDL-C and clinical features were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS.Then,we used the data from Oncomine to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to confirm the candidate DEGs.PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of the DEGs,and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to construct the protein-protein interaction network of DEGs.RESULTS The serum HDL-C level in CRC patients was significantly correlated with tumor size,and patients whose tumor size was more than 5 cm had a lower serum HDL-C level(1.18±0.41 mmol/L vs 1.25±0.35 mmol/L,P<0.01)than their counterparts.In addition,TC/HDL(4.19±1.33 vs 3.93±1.26,P<0.01)and LDL-C/HDL-C(2.83±1.10 vs 2.61±0.96,P<0.01)were higher in patients with larger tumors.The levels of HDL-C(P<0.05),TC/HDL-C(P<0.01)and LDL-C/HDL-C(P<0.05)varied in different stages of CRC patients,and the differences were significant.We screened 14 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and confirmed that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8(LRP8),PCSK9,low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR),MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated,while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in cancer tissue.Higher expression of LDLR(HR=3.12,95%CI:1.77-5.49,P<0.001),ABCA1(HR=1.66,95%CI:1.11-2.48,P=0.012)and OSBPL1A(HR=1.38,95%CI:1.01-1.89,P=0.041)all yielded significantly poorer DFS outcomes.Higher expression of FDXR(HR=0.7,95%CI:0.47-1.05,P=0.002)was correlated with longer DFS.LDLR,ABCA1,OSBPL1A and FDXR were involved in many important cellular function pathways.CONCLUSION Serum HDL-C levels are associated with tumor size and stage in CRC patients.LRP8,PCSK9,LDLR,MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated,while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in CRC.Among them,LDLR,ABCA1,OSBPL1A and FDXR were valuable prognostic factors of DFS and were involved in important cellular function pathways.
基金supported by China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited(No.2021YJ127).
文摘Artificial intelligence,such as deep learning technology,has advanced the study of facial expression recognition since facial expression carries rich emotional information and is significant for many naturalistic situations.To pursue a high facial expression recognition accuracy,the network model of deep learning is generally designed to be very deep while the model’s real-time performance is typically constrained and limited.With MobileNetV3,a lightweight model with a good accuracy,a further study is conducted by adding a basic ResNet module to each of its existing modules and an SSH(Single Stage Headless Face Detector)context module to expand the model’s perceptual field.In this article,the enhanced model named Res-MobileNetV3,could alleviate the subpar of real-time performance and compress the size of large network models,which can process information at a rate of up to 33 frames per second.Although the improved model has been verified to be slightly inferior to the current state-of-the-art method in aspect of accuracy rate on the publically available face expression datasets,it can bring a good balance on accuracy,real-time performance,model size and model complexity in practical applications.
基金supported by the Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202403)。
文摘Rice is a poor source of folate,an essential micronutrient for the body.Biofortification offers an effective way to enhance the folate content of rice and alleviate folate deficiencies in humans.In this study,we confirmed that OsADCS and OsGTPCHI,encoding the initial enzymes necessary for folate synthesis,positively regulate folate accumulation in knockout mutants of both japonica and indica rice backgrounds.The folate content in the low-folate japonica variety was slightly increased by the expression of the indica alleles driven by the endosperm-specific promoter.We further obtained co-expression lines by stacking OsADCS and OsGTPCHI genes;the folate accumulation in brown rice and polished rice reached 5.65μg/g and 2.95μg/g,respectively,representing 37.9-fold and 26.5-fold increases compared with the wild type.Transcriptomic analysis of rice grains from six transgenic lines showed that folate changes affected biological pathways involved in the synthesis and metabolism of rice seed storage substances,while the expression of other folate synthesis genes was weakly regulated.In addition,we identified Aus rice as a high-folate germplasm carrying superior haplotypes of OsADCS and OsGTPCHI through natural variation.This study provides an alternative and effective complementary strategy for rice biofortification,promoting the rational combination of metabolic engineering and conventional breeding to breed high-folate varieties.
基金2024 Provincial Teaching Reform Program for Graduate Students in the Second Batch of the 14th Five-Year Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Office of Education:Innovation and Practice of“Six Synergistic”Graduate Teaching Guided by Educator’s Spirit(No.JGCG2024406)Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Education Science Planning:Research on an interdisciplinary teaching model to promote students’computational thinking from multiple analytical perspectives[No.2025SB103].
文摘Oral expression skills play an essential role in the development of EFL students’language abilities,and how to improve EFL students’oral expression skills is an essential and challenging task.This study adopts a quasi-experimental research method to carry out the research and proposes an AI-based reflective dialogue model.Based on this,an analysis of the impact brought by this model on EFL students’oral expression performance and learning anxiety levels.The results show that students in the experimental group have significantly higher oral expression performance than those in the control group in the three dimensions of grammatical accuracy,expressive fluency,and word accuracy.In addition,the students in the experimental group produced facilitated anxiety after using the AI-based reflective dialogue model for oral expression learning,which prompted the students to learn more diligently.
文摘Objective INF2 is a member of the formins family.Abnormal expression and regulation of INF2 have been associated with the progression of various tumors,but the expression and role of INF2 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain unclear.HCC is a highly lethal malignant tumor.Given the limitations of traditional treatments,this study explored the expression level,clinical value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC in order to seek new therapeutic targets.Methods In this study,we used public databases to analyze the expression of INF2 in pan-cancer and HCC,as well as the impact of INF2 expression levels on HCC prognosis.Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR),Western blot,and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression level of INF2 in liver cancer cells and human HCC tissues.The correlation between INF2 expression and clinical pathological features was analyzed using public databases and clinical data of human HCC samples.Subsequently,the effects of INF2 expression on the biological function and Drp1 phosphorylation of liver cancer cells were elucidated through in vitro and in vivo experiments.Finally,the predictive value and potential mechanism of INF2 in HCC were further analyzed through database and immunohistochemical experiments.Results INF2 is aberrantly high expression in HCC samples and the high expression of INF2 is correlated with overall survival,liver cirrhosis and pathological differentiation of HCC patients.The expression level of INF2 has certain diagnostic value in predicting the prognosis and pathological differentiation of HCC.In vivo and in vitro HCC models,upregulated expression of INF2 triggers the proliferation and migration of the HCC cell,while knockdown of INF2 could counteract this effect.INF2 in liver cancer cells may affect mitochondrial division by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and mediate immune escape by up-regulating PD-L1 expression,thus promoting tumor progression.Conclusion INF2 is highly expressed in HCC and is associated with poor prognosis.High expression of INF2 may promote HCC progression by inducing Drp1 phosphorylation and up-regulation of PD-L1 expression,and targeting INF2 may be beneficial for HCC patients with high expression of INF2.
基金湖南省教育厅基金优秀青年项目(No.22B0482)湖南科技大学博士启动基金(No.E51992 and E51993)资助。
文摘The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose⁃catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16℃in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni⁃NTA affinity column.Size⁃exclusion chromatography and SDS⁃PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri⁃fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD^(+)as a coenzyme to NADP^(+).The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26%of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg^(2+)or Ca^(2+)could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32%and 110.69%of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn^(2+),Ni^(2+),Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Co^(2+),and Cd^(2+)significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP⁃MS and molecular doc⁃king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn^(2+)ions and 1 mol/L Mg^(2+)ion.Further⁃more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.
文摘DNA microarray technology is an extremely effective technique for studying gene expression patterns in cells, and the main challenge currently faced by this technology is how to analyze the large amount of gene expression data generated. To address this, this paper employs a mixed-effects model to analyze gene expression data. In terms of data selection, 1176 genes from the white mouse gene expression dataset under two experimental conditions were chosen, setting up two conditions: pneumococcal infection and no infection, and constructing a mixed-effects model. After preprocessing the gene chip information, the data were imported into the model, preliminary results were calculated, and permutation tests were performed to biologically validate the preliminary results using GSEA. The final dataset consists of 20 groups of gene expression data from pneumococcal infection, which categorizes functionally related genes based on the similarity of their expression profiles, facilitating the study of genes with unknown functions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 22278439,21776313)the Shandong Province Higher Education Youth Innovation Technology Support Program(Grant 2022KJ074)。
文摘Metal-support interactions and hydrogen spillover effects in heterogeneous catalysts play a crucial role in aromatic hydrogenation reactions;however,these effects are limited by the metal dispersion on the catalyst and the number of acceptable H*receptors.This study prepares highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles(NPs)catalysts on a Beta substrate via precursor structure topology transformation.In contrast to traditional support materials,the coordination and electronic structure changes between the Ni NPs and the support were achieved,further optimizing the active interface sites and enhancing hydrogen activation and hydrogenation performance.Additionally,the-OH groups at the strong acid sites in zeolite effectively intensified the hydrogen spillover effect as receptors for H^(*)migration and anchoring,accelerating the hydrogenation rate of aromatic rings.Under solvent-free conditions,this catalyst was used for the hydrogenation reaction of aromatic-rich oils,directly producing a C_(8)-C_(14)branched cycloalkanes mixture with an aromatic conversion rate of>99%.The cycloalkanes mixture produced by this method features high density(0.92 g/mL)and a low freezing point(<-60℃),making it suitable for use as high-density aviation fuel or as an additive to enhance the volumetric heat value of conventional aviation fuels in practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32371065(to CL)and 32170950(to LY)the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangdong Province,No.2023A1515010899(to CL)the Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,Nos.2023A4J0578 and 2024A03J0180(to CW)。
文摘Neuronal activity,synaptic transmission,and molecular changes in the basolateral amygdala play critical roles in fear memory.Cylindromatosis(CYLD)is a deubiquitinase that negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway.CYLD is well studied in non-neuronal cells,yet underinvestigated in the brain,where it is highly expressed.Emerging studies have shown involvement of CYLD in the remodeling of glutamatergic synapses,neuroinflammation,fear memory,and anxiety-and autism-like behaviors.However,the precise role of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons is largely unknown.Here,we first proposed involvement of CYLD in cued fear expression.We next constructed transgenic model mice with specific deletion of Cyld from glutamatergic neurons.Our results show that glutamatergic CYLD deficiency exaggerated the expression of cued fear in only male mice.Further,loss of CYLD in glutamatergic neurons resulted in enhanced neuronal activation,impaired excitatory synaptic transmission,and altered levels of glutamate receptors accompanied by over-activation of microglia in the basolateral amygdala of male mice.Altogether,our study suggests a critical role of glutamatergic CYLD in maintaining normal neuronal,synaptic,and microglial activation.This may contribute,at least in part,to cued fear expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373045 and 52033005).
文摘In rotationally extruded fittings,high-density polyethylene(HDPE)pipes prepared using conventional processing methods often suffer from poor pressure resistance and low toughness.This study introduces an innovative rotary shear system(RSS)to address these deficiencies through controlled mandrel rotation and cooling rates.We successfully prepared self-reinforced HDPE pipes with a three-layer structure combining spherical and shish-kebab crystals.Rotational processing aligned the molecular chains in the ring direction and formed shish-kebab crystals.As a result,the annular tensile strength of the rotationally processed three-layer shish-kebab structure(TSK)pipe increased from 26.7 MPa to 76.3 MPa,an enhancement of 185.8%.Notably,while maintaining excellent tensile strength(73.4 MPa),the elongation at break of the spherulite shishkebab spherulite(SKS)tubes was improved to 50.1%,as compared to 33.8%in the case of shish-kebab spherulite shish-kebab(KSK)tubes.This improvement can be attributed to the changes in the micro-morphology and polymer structure within the SKS tubes,specifically due to the formation of small-sized shish-kebab crystals and the low degrees of interlocking.In addition,2D-SAXS analysis revealed that KSK tubes have higher tensile strength due to smaller crystal sizes and larger shish dimensions,forming dense interlocking structures.In contrast,the SKS and TSK tubes had thicker amorphous regions and smaller shish sizes,resulting in reduced interlocking and mechanical performance.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3707901)。
文摘Evaluation of backfilling effectiveness plays a crucial role in the geological environment management and restoration of abandoned open-pit quarries,providing a scientific basis for subsequent greening efforts.Backfill soil,predominantly composed of silty clay,demonstrates high water retention capacity and elevated moisture content,leading to a pronounced resistivity contrast with the bedrock exposed by quarrying activities.To investigate the distribution of backfill soil subsurface and assess backfilling effectiveness in the study area,this study conducted a comprehensive geophysical investigation utilizing the high-density electrical resistivity tomography(ERT).A total of 19 ERT survey lines were deployed across three distinct areas in Liuyao Village,Huaibei City,Anhui Province,China.The inversion results,derived from both two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D),reveal distinct electrical properties of the subsurface materials:the backfill soil layer shows low resistivity features,the fill stone layer exhibits medium to high resistivity,and the bedrock shows the highest resistivity.The 2D inversion results,from the data measured using the Wenner array effectively capture the spatial distribution and structural features of the backfill soil layer.The findings indicate a gradual east-west thinning of the clay layer within the quarry.Furthermore,the northern pit area exhibits a uniform distribution of backfill soil layer,indicative of effective backfilling operations.In contrast,the southern pit area lacks a well-defined clay layer,suggesting suboptimal backfilling effectiveness.
