Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy(SD-WL),high-definition white-light endoscopy(HD-WL),and high-definition narrow-band imaging(HD-NBI)in detecting colore...Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy(SD-WL),high-definition white-light endoscopy(HD-WL),and high-definition narrow-band imaging(HD-NBI)in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population.Methods This was a multicenter,single-blind,randomized,controlled trial with a non-inferiority design.Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination,screening,and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020.The primary outcome measure was the adenoma detection rate(ADR),defined as the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma detected.The associated factors for detecting adenomas were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Out of 653 eligible patients enrolled,data from 596 patients were analyzed.The ADRs were 34.5%in the SD-WL group,33.5%in the HD-WL group,and 37.5%in the HD-NBI group(P=0.72).The advanced neoplasm detection rates(ANDRs)in the three arms were 17.1%,15.5%,and 10.4%(P=0.17).No significant differences were found between the SD group and HD group regarding ADR or ANDR(ADR:34.5%vs.35.6%,P=0.79;ANDR:17.1%vs.13.0%,P=0.16,respectively).Similar results were observed between the HD-WL group and HD-NBI group(ADR:33.5%vs.37.7%,P=0.45;ANDR:15.5%vs.10.4%,P=0.18,respectively).In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,neither HD-WL nor HD-NBI led to a significant difference in overall adenoma detection compared to SD-WL(HD-WL:OR 0.91,P=0.69;HD-NBI:OR 1.15,P=0.80).Conclusion HD-NBI and HD-WL are comparable to SD-WL for overall adenoma detection among Chinese outpatients.It can be concluded that HD-NBI or HD-WL is not superior to SD-WL,but more effective instruction may be needed to guide the selection of different endoscopic methods in the future.Our study’s conclusions may aid in the efficient allocation and utilization of limited colonoscopy resources,especially advanced imaging technologies.展开更多
Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges.Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage,analytical efficiency,and degree of automation,...Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges.Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage,analytical efficiency,and degree of automation,and the results highly rely on the personal knowledge and experience.The goal of this work was to establish a software-aided approach,by integrating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS)and in-house high-definition MS^(2) library,to enhance the identification of prototypes and metabolites of the compound formulae in vivo,taking Sishen formula(SSF)as a template.Seven different MS2 acquisition methods were compared,which demonstrated the potency of a hybrid scan approach(namely high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition(HDDIDDA))in the identification precision,MS1 coverage,and MS^(2) spectra quality.The HDDIDDA data for 55 reference compounds,four component drugs,and SSF,together with the rat bio-samples(e.g.,plasma,urine,feces,liver,and kidney),were acquired.Based on the UNIFI™platform(Waters),the efficient data processing workflows were established by combining mass defect filtering(MDF)-induced classification,diagnostic product ions(DPIs),and neutral loss filtering(NLF)-dominated structural confirmation.The high-definition MS^(2) spectral libraries,dubbed in vitro-SSF and in vivo-SSF,were elaborated,enabling the efficient and automatic identification of SSF-associated xenobiotics in diverse rat bio-samples.Consequently,118 prototypes and 206 metabolites of SSF were identified,with the identification rate reaching 80.51%and 79.61%,respectively.The metabolic pathways mainly involved the oxidation,reduction,hydrolysis,sulfation,methylation,demethylation,acetylation,glucuronidation,and the combined reactions.Conclusively,the proposed strategy can drive the identification of compound formulae-related xenobiotics in vivo in an intelligent manner.展开更多
In the field of Internet, an image is of great significance to information transmission. Meanwhile, how to ensure and improve its security has become the focus of international research. We combine DNA codec with quan...In the field of Internet, an image is of great significance to information transmission. Meanwhile, how to ensure and improve its security has become the focus of international research. We combine DNA codec with quantum Arnold transform(QAr T) to propose a new double encryption algorithm for quantum color images to improve the security and robustness of image encryption. First, we utilize the biological characteristics of DNA codecs to perform encoding and decoding operations on pixel color information in quantum color images, and achieve pixel-level diffusion. Second, we use QAr T to scramble the position information of quantum images and use the operated image as the key matrix for quantum XOR operations. All quantum operations in this paper are reversible, so the decryption operation of the ciphertext image can be realized by the reverse operation of the encryption process. We conduct simulation experiments on encryption and decryption using three color images of “Monkey”, “Flower”, and “House”. The experimental results show that the peak value and correlation of the encrypted images on the histogram have good similarity, and the average normalized pixel change rate(NPCR) of RGB three-channel is 99.61%, the average uniform average change intensity(UACI) is 33.41%,and the average information entropy is about 7.9992. In addition, the robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation of noise interference in the actual scenario.展开更多
为探究X⁃codec对大语言模型音频生成性能的影响,本研究基于LibriSpeech数据集分析语料特征(时长、音色)对基于X⁃codec的大语言模型(large language model,LLM)在音频生成任务中的表现。相似性目标(similarity objective,Sim⁃O)得分和全...为探究X⁃codec对大语言模型音频生成性能的影响,本研究基于LibriSpeech数据集分析语料特征(时长、音色)对基于X⁃codec的大语言模型(large language model,LLM)在音频生成任务中的表现。相似性目标(similarity objective,Sim⁃O)得分和全体平均意见得分(user test mean opinion score,UTMOS)指标测定结果表明:当语料时长超过10 s(即长语料)且音色为男声时,Sim⁃O得分和UTMOS在算术平均数上均显著高于相应特征分类中的其他组,同时在标准差上均显著低于相应特征分类中的其他组。因此,男声的长语料更有可能使应用了X⁃codec的LLM性能达到最佳状态。本研究结果可为优化音频编解码器设计提供理论支持。展开更多
AIM： To investigate if high-definition （HD） colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal le- sions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS： Data were collected from the computer- ized datab...AIM： To investigate if high-definition （HD） colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal le- sions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS： Data were collected from the computer- ized database of the endoscopy unit of our tertiary referral center. We retrospectively analyzed 1101 con- secutive colonoscopies that were performed over 1 year with standard white-light （n = 849） or HD＋ with i-Scan （n = 252） instruments by four endoscopists, in an outpatient setting. Colonoscopy records included patients＇ main details and family history for colorectal cancer, indication for colonoscopy （screening, diagnos- tic or surveillance）, type of instrument used （standard white-light or HD＋ plus i-Scan）, name of endoscopist and bowel preparation. Records for each procedure included whether the cecum was reached or not and the reason for failure, complications during or imme- diately after the procedure, and number, size, location and characteristics of the lesions. Polyps or protruding lesions were defined as sessile or pedunculated, and nonprotruding lesions were defined according to Paris classification. For each lesion, histological diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS： Eight hundred and forty-nine colonosco- pies were carried with the standard white-light video colonoscope and 252 with the HD＋ plus i-Scan video colonoscope, The four endoscopists did 264, 300, 276 and 261 procedures, respectively; 21.6%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 24.1% of them with the HD＋ plus i-Scan technique. There were no significant differences be- tween the four endoscopists in either the number of procedures done or the proportions of each imaging technique used. Both techniques detected one or more mucosal lesions in 522/1101 procedures （47.4%）. The overall number of lesions recognized was 1266; 645 in the right colon and 621 in the left. A significantly higher number of colonoscopies recognized lesions in the HD＋ plus i-Scan mode （171/252 = 67.9%） than with the standard white-light technique （408/849 = 48.1%） （P 〈 0.0001）. HD＋ with i-Scan colonoscopies identified more lesions than standard white-light imag- ing （459/252 and 807/849, P 〈 0.0001）, in the right or left colon （mean ：1： SD, 1.62±1.36 vs 1.33±0.73, P 〈 0.003 and 1.55±0.98 vs 1.17±0.93, P = 0.033）, more lesions 〈 10 mm （P 〈 0.0001） or nonprotruding （P 〈 0.022）, and flat polyps （P = 0.04）. The cumulative mean number of lesions per procedure detected by the four endoscopists was significantly higher with HD＋ with i-Scan than with standard white-light imaging （1.82 ± 2.89 vs 0.95± 1.35, P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： HD imaging with i-Scan during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy significantly increased the detection of colonic mucosal lesions, particularly small and nonprotruding polyps.展开更多
High-definition(HD)maps are key components that provide rich topologic and semantic information for decision-making in vehicle autonomous driving systems.A complete ground orthophoto is usually used as the base image ...High-definition(HD)maps are key components that provide rich topologic and semantic information for decision-making in vehicle autonomous driving systems.A complete ground orthophoto is usually used as the base image to construct the HD map.The ground orthophoto is obtained through inverse perspective transformation and image mosaicing.During the image mosaicing,multiple consecutive orthophotos are stitched together using pose information and image registration.In this study,wavelet transform is introduced to the image mosaicing process to alleviate the information loss caused by image overlapping.In the orthophoto wavelet transform,high-frequency and low-frequency components are fused using different strategies to form a complete base image with clearer local details.Experimental results show that the accuracy of the orthophotos generated using this method is improved.展开更多
AIM:To examine performances regarding prediction of polyp histology using high-definition (HD) i-scan in a group of endoscopists with varying levels of experience. METHODS:We used a digital library of HD i-scan still ...AIM:To examine performances regarding prediction of polyp histology using high-definition (HD) i-scan in a group of endoscopists with varying levels of experience. METHODS:We used a digital library of HD i-scan still images, comprising twin pictures (surface enhancement and tone enhancement), collected at our university hospital. We defined endoscopic features of adenomatous and non-adenomatous polyps, according to the following parameters:color, surface pattern and vascular pattern. We familiarized the participating endoscopists on optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using a 20-min didactic training session. All endoscopists were asked to evaluate an image set of 50 colorectal polyps with regard to polyp histology. We classified the diagnoses into high confidence (i.e., cases in which the endoscopist could assign a diagnosis with certainty) and low confidence diagnoses (i.e., cases in which the endoscopist preferred to send the polyp for formal histology). Mean sensitivity, specificity and accuracy per endoscopist/image were computed and differences between groups tested using independent-samples t tests. High vs low confidence diagnoses were compared using the pairedsamples t test. RESULTS:Eleven endoscopists without previous experience on optical diagnosis evaluated a total of 550 images (396 adenomatous, 154 non-adenomatous). Mean sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing adenomas were 79.3%, 85.7% and 81.1%, respectively. No significant differences were found between gastroenterologists and trainees regarding performances of optical diagnosis (mean accuracy 78.0%vs 82.9%,P = 0.098). Diminutive lesions were predicted with a lower mean accuracy as compared to non-diminutive lesions (74.2% vs 93.1%, P = 0.008). A total of 446 (81.1%) diagnoses were made with high confidence. High confidence diagnoses corresponded to a significantly higher mean accuracy than low confidence diagnoses (84.0% vs 64.3%, P = 0.008). A total of 319 (58.0%) images were evaluated as having excellent quality. Considering excellent quality images in conjunction with high confidence diagnosis, overall accuracy increased to 92.8%. CONCLUSION:After a single training session, endoscopists with varying levels of experience can already provide optical diagnosis with an accuracy of 84.0%.展开更多
There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great ...There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great challenge for deployment. In this paper, a novel high-definition (HD) video transmission system was proposed which depends upon reliable compound multicast protocols and QoS control over the various kinds of networks. This system detects client's network condition and assigns it to a proper proxy. Each proxy is capable of detecting network parameters and adaptively tuning such transport parameters as bit rate, video resolution, frame rate and QoS mechanisms to this condition. It also provides FEC error recovery under consideration of characteristics of MPEG4 video codec. Our simulation demonstrates that different network clients such as ADSL, CERNET, and CERNET2 can receive more video reliability with less delay.展开更多
Objective: to explore and analyze the effect of applying visual high-definition rigid bronchoscopy in the removal of complicated respiratory foreign body. Methods: from September 2017 to June 2020, 97 patients with co...Objective: to explore and analyze the effect of applying visual high-definition rigid bronchoscopy in the removal of complicated respiratory foreign body. Methods: from September 2017 to June 2020, 97 patients with complex foreign body in respiratory tract with valid data registered in the database of our hospital were selected as the research subjects. The basic data of the patients were statistically analyzed. All the patients in this study had complicated foreign body obstruction in respiratory tract. After admission, the medical staff gave the patients visual high-definition rigid bronchoscopy for auxiliary treatment, and the final treatment effect was evaluated and analyzed. Results: in this study, 97 patients with complex foreign body in respiratory tract were improved after treatment, with a total effective rate of 100%. In this study, there were 2 patients with respiratory tract injury during surgery, with an incidence rate of 2.06%. Conclusion: in the removal of complicated respiratory foreign body, the choice of visual high-definition rigid bronchoscope for treatment can help medical staff to identify respiratory foreign body and promote the outcome of the patient's condition, which has good promotion value and is worthy of further application.展开更多
借助离散神经音频编解码器的能力,大型语言模型(Large language model,LLM)已被广泛认为是一种零样本语音合成(Text-to-Speech,TTS)的潜在方法。然而,基于采样的解码策略虽然能够为语音生成带来丰富的多样性,但同时也引入了诸如拼写错...借助离散神经音频编解码器的能力,大型语言模型(Large language model,LLM)已被广泛认为是一种零样本语音合成(Text-to-Speech,TTS)的潜在方法。然而,基于采样的解码策略虽然能够为语音生成带来丰富的多样性,但同时也引入了诸如拼写错误、遗漏和重复等鲁棒性问题。为了解决上述问题,我们提出了VALL-E R,一个鲁棒且高效的零样本TTS系统,并以VALL-E为基础进行构建。具体而言,我们引入了一种音素单调对齐策略,通过约束声学标记与其对应的音素严格匹配,增强了音素与声学序列之间的映射关系,从而确保更精确的对齐。此外,我们采用编解码器合并的方法,在浅层量化层对离散码进行降采样,以减少解码计算量,同时保持语音输出的高质量。受益于这些策略,VALL-E R在音素可控性方面取得了显著提升,并通过逼近真实语音的词错误率展现了卓越的鲁棒性。此外,该系统仅需较少的自回归推理步骤,推理时间降低超过60%,极大提升了推理效率。展开更多
In the study and implementation of a programmable RS codec module in satellite communication modem, FPGA is used as the kernel in the implementation, while some ASICs are used as necessary assistant measures. The modu...In the study and implementation of a programmable RS codec module in satellite communication modem, FPGA is used as the kernel in the implementation, while some ASICs are used as necessary assistant measures. The module includes the RS codec unit, the interleaver and deinterleaver unit, the scrambler and descrambler unit and the frame synchronization unit. The module is realized successfully and it can be programmed on-line to meet the requirements of IESS 308/309/310 including many specifications about different service types and data rates. With the implementation combining FPGA with ASICs, size of the circuit is much reduced, its flexibility dramatically increased, and its stability further strengthened. Furthermore, the module is based on the software radio concept and can be easily integrated into the whole satellite communication modem.展开更多
基金supported by the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(BMSTC,No.D171100002617001).
文摘Objective This study aimed to compare the performance of standard-definition white-light endoscopy(SD-WL),high-definition white-light endoscopy(HD-WL),and high-definition narrow-band imaging(HD-NBI)in detecting colorectal lesions in the Chinese population.Methods This was a multicenter,single-blind,randomized,controlled trial with a non-inferiority design.Patients undergoing endoscopy for physical examination,screening,and surveillance were enrolled from July 2017 to December 2020.The primary outcome measure was the adenoma detection rate(ADR),defined as the proportion of patients with at least one adenoma detected.The associated factors for detecting adenomas were assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Out of 653 eligible patients enrolled,data from 596 patients were analyzed.The ADRs were 34.5%in the SD-WL group,33.5%in the HD-WL group,and 37.5%in the HD-NBI group(P=0.72).The advanced neoplasm detection rates(ANDRs)in the three arms were 17.1%,15.5%,and 10.4%(P=0.17).No significant differences were found between the SD group and HD group regarding ADR or ANDR(ADR:34.5%vs.35.6%,P=0.79;ANDR:17.1%vs.13.0%,P=0.16,respectively).Similar results were observed between the HD-WL group and HD-NBI group(ADR:33.5%vs.37.7%,P=0.45;ANDR:15.5%vs.10.4%,P=0.18,respectively).In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses,neither HD-WL nor HD-NBI led to a significant difference in overall adenoma detection compared to SD-WL(HD-WL:OR 0.91,P=0.69;HD-NBI:OR 1.15,P=0.80).Conclusion HD-NBI and HD-WL are comparable to SD-WL for overall adenoma detection among Chinese outpatients.It can be concluded that HD-NBI or HD-WL is not superior to SD-WL,but more effective instruction may be needed to guide the selection of different endoscopic methods in the future.Our study’s conclusions may aid in the efficient allocation and utilization of limited colonoscopy resources,especially advanced imaging technologies.
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82192914)Tianjin Outstanding Youth Fund(Grant No.:23JCJQJC00030)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Grant No.:ZYYCXTD-C-202009).
文摘Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges.Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage,analytical efficiency,and degree of automation,and the results highly rely on the personal knowledge and experience.The goal of this work was to establish a software-aided approach,by integrating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS)and in-house high-definition MS^(2) library,to enhance the identification of prototypes and metabolites of the compound formulae in vivo,taking Sishen formula(SSF)as a template.Seven different MS2 acquisition methods were compared,which demonstrated the potency of a hybrid scan approach(namely high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition(HDDIDDA))in the identification precision,MS1 coverage,and MS^(2) spectra quality.The HDDIDDA data for 55 reference compounds,four component drugs,and SSF,together with the rat bio-samples(e.g.,plasma,urine,feces,liver,and kidney),were acquired.Based on the UNIFI™platform(Waters),the efficient data processing workflows were established by combining mass defect filtering(MDF)-induced classification,diagnostic product ions(DPIs),and neutral loss filtering(NLF)-dominated structural confirmation.The high-definition MS^(2) spectral libraries,dubbed in vitro-SSF and in vivo-SSF,were elaborated,enabling the efficient and automatic identification of SSF-associated xenobiotics in diverse rat bio-samples.Consequently,118 prototypes and 206 metabolites of SSF were identified,with the identification rate reaching 80.51%and 79.61%,respectively.The metabolic pathways mainly involved the oxidation,reduction,hydrolysis,sulfation,methylation,demethylation,acetylation,glucuronidation,and the combined reactions.Conclusively,the proposed strategy can drive the identification of compound formulae-related xenobiotics in vivo in an intelligent manner.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. ZR2021MF049)Joint Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant Nos. ZR2022LLZ012 and ZR2021LLZ001)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. 2023CXGC010901)。
文摘In the field of Internet, an image is of great significance to information transmission. Meanwhile, how to ensure and improve its security has become the focus of international research. We combine DNA codec with quantum Arnold transform(QAr T) to propose a new double encryption algorithm for quantum color images to improve the security and robustness of image encryption. First, we utilize the biological characteristics of DNA codecs to perform encoding and decoding operations on pixel color information in quantum color images, and achieve pixel-level diffusion. Second, we use QAr T to scramble the position information of quantum images and use the operated image as the key matrix for quantum XOR operations. All quantum operations in this paper are reversible, so the decryption operation of the ciphertext image can be realized by the reverse operation of the encryption process. We conduct simulation experiments on encryption and decryption using three color images of “Monkey”, “Flower”, and “House”. The experimental results show that the peak value and correlation of the encrypted images on the histogram have good similarity, and the average normalized pixel change rate(NPCR) of RGB three-channel is 99.61%, the average uniform average change intensity(UACI) is 33.41%,and the average information entropy is about 7.9992. In addition, the robustness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation of noise interference in the actual scenario.
文摘为探究X⁃codec对大语言模型音频生成性能的影响,本研究基于LibriSpeech数据集分析语料特征(时长、音色)对基于X⁃codec的大语言模型(large language model,LLM)在音频生成任务中的表现。相似性目标(similarity objective,Sim⁃O)得分和全体平均意见得分(user test mean opinion score,UTMOS)指标测定结果表明:当语料时长超过10 s(即长语料)且音色为男声时,Sim⁃O得分和UTMOS在算术平均数上均显著高于相应特征分类中的其他组,同时在标准差上均显著低于相应特征分类中的其他组。因此,男声的长语料更有可能使应用了X⁃codec的LLM性能达到最佳状态。本研究结果可为优化音频编解码器设计提供理论支持。
文摘AIM： To investigate if high-definition （HD） colonoscope with i-Scan gave a higher detection rate of mucosal le- sions vs standard white-light instruments. METHODS： Data were collected from the computer- ized database of the endoscopy unit of our tertiary referral center. We retrospectively analyzed 1101 con- secutive colonoscopies that were performed over 1 year with standard white-light （n = 849） or HD＋ with i-Scan （n = 252） instruments by four endoscopists, in an outpatient setting. Colonoscopy records included patients＇ main details and family history for colorectal cancer, indication for colonoscopy （screening, diagnos- tic or surveillance）, type of instrument used （standard white-light or HD＋ plus i-Scan）, name of endoscopist and bowel preparation. Records for each procedure included whether the cecum was reached or not and the reason for failure, complications during or imme- diately after the procedure, and number, size, location and characteristics of the lesions. Polyps or protruding lesions were defined as sessile or pedunculated, and nonprotruding lesions were defined according to Paris classification. For each lesion, histological diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS： Eight hundred and forty-nine colonosco- pies were carried with the standard white-light video colonoscope and 252 with the HD＋ plus i-Scan video colonoscope, The four endoscopists did 264, 300, 276 and 261 procedures, respectively; 21.6%, 24.0%, 21.7% and 24.1% of them with the HD＋ plus i-Scan technique. There were no significant differences be- tween the four endoscopists in either the number of procedures done or the proportions of each imaging technique used. Both techniques detected one or more mucosal lesions in 522/1101 procedures （47.4%）. The overall number of lesions recognized was 1266; 645 in the right colon and 621 in the left. A significantly higher number of colonoscopies recognized lesions in the HD＋ plus i-Scan mode （171/252 = 67.9%） than with the standard white-light technique （408/849 = 48.1%） （P 〈 0.0001）. HD＋ with i-Scan colonoscopies identified more lesions than standard white-light imag- ing （459/252 and 807/849, P 〈 0.0001）, in the right or left colon （mean ：1： SD, 1.62±1.36 vs 1.33±0.73, P 〈 0.003 and 1.55±0.98 vs 1.17±0.93, P = 0.033）, more lesions 〈 10 mm （P 〈 0.0001） or nonprotruding （P 〈 0.022）, and flat polyps （P = 0.04）. The cumulative mean number of lesions per procedure detected by the four endoscopists was significantly higher with HD＋ with i-Scan than with standard white-light imaging （1.82 ± 2.89 vs 0.95± 1.35, P 〈 0.0001）. CONCLUSION： HD imaging with i-Scan during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy significantly increased the detection of colonic mucosal lesions, particularly small and nonprotruding polyps.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1764264/61873165)the Shanghai Automotive Industry Science and Technology Development Foundation(No.1807)the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology Research Project(No.2020GKLACVTKF02)。
文摘High-definition(HD)maps are key components that provide rich topologic and semantic information for decision-making in vehicle autonomous driving systems.A complete ground orthophoto is usually used as the base image to construct the HD map.The ground orthophoto is obtained through inverse perspective transformation and image mosaicing.During the image mosaicing,multiple consecutive orthophotos are stitched together using pose information and image registration.In this study,wavelet transform is introduced to the image mosaicing process to alleviate the information loss caused by image overlapping.In the orthophoto wavelet transform,high-frequency and low-frequency components are fused using different strategies to form a complete base image with clearer local details.Experimental results show that the accuracy of the orthophotos generated using this method is improved.
文摘AIM:To examine performances regarding prediction of polyp histology using high-definition (HD) i-scan in a group of endoscopists with varying levels of experience. METHODS:We used a digital library of HD i-scan still images, comprising twin pictures (surface enhancement and tone enhancement), collected at our university hospital. We defined endoscopic features of adenomatous and non-adenomatous polyps, according to the following parameters:color, surface pattern and vascular pattern. We familiarized the participating endoscopists on optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps using a 20-min didactic training session. All endoscopists were asked to evaluate an image set of 50 colorectal polyps with regard to polyp histology. We classified the diagnoses into high confidence (i.e., cases in which the endoscopist could assign a diagnosis with certainty) and low confidence diagnoses (i.e., cases in which the endoscopist preferred to send the polyp for formal histology). Mean sensitivity, specificity and accuracy per endoscopist/image were computed and differences between groups tested using independent-samples t tests. High vs low confidence diagnoses were compared using the pairedsamples t test. RESULTS:Eleven endoscopists without previous experience on optical diagnosis evaluated a total of 550 images (396 adenomatous, 154 non-adenomatous). Mean sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for diagnosing adenomas were 79.3%, 85.7% and 81.1%, respectively. No significant differences were found between gastroenterologists and trainees regarding performances of optical diagnosis (mean accuracy 78.0%vs 82.9%,P = 0.098). Diminutive lesions were predicted with a lower mean accuracy as compared to non-diminutive lesions (74.2% vs 93.1%, P = 0.008). A total of 446 (81.1%) diagnoses were made with high confidence. High confidence diagnoses corresponded to a significantly higher mean accuracy than low confidence diagnoses (84.0% vs 64.3%, P = 0.008). A total of 319 (58.0%) images were evaluated as having excellent quality. Considering excellent quality images in conjunction with high confidence diagnosis, overall accuracy increased to 92.8%. CONCLUSION:After a single training session, endoscopists with varying levels of experience can already provide optical diagnosis with an accuracy of 84.0%.
文摘There is an increasing demand for supporting high-quality real-time audiovisual services for the next generation wired and wireless networks. However, due to variety of bandwidths of different networks, it is a great challenge for deployment. In this paper, a novel high-definition (HD) video transmission system was proposed which depends upon reliable compound multicast protocols and QoS control over the various kinds of networks. This system detects client's network condition and assigns it to a proper proxy. Each proxy is capable of detecting network parameters and adaptively tuning such transport parameters as bit rate, video resolution, frame rate and QoS mechanisms to this condition. It also provides FEC error recovery under consideration of characteristics of MPEG4 video codec. Our simulation demonstrates that different network clients such as ADSL, CERNET, and CERNET2 can receive more video reliability with less delay.
文摘Objective: to explore and analyze the effect of applying visual high-definition rigid bronchoscopy in the removal of complicated respiratory foreign body. Methods: from September 2017 to June 2020, 97 patients with complex foreign body in respiratory tract with valid data registered in the database of our hospital were selected as the research subjects. The basic data of the patients were statistically analyzed. All the patients in this study had complicated foreign body obstruction in respiratory tract. After admission, the medical staff gave the patients visual high-definition rigid bronchoscopy for auxiliary treatment, and the final treatment effect was evaluated and analyzed. Results: in this study, 97 patients with complex foreign body in respiratory tract were improved after treatment, with a total effective rate of 100%. In this study, there were 2 patients with respiratory tract injury during surgery, with an incidence rate of 2.06%. Conclusion: in the removal of complicated respiratory foreign body, the choice of visual high-definition rigid bronchoscope for treatment can help medical staff to identify respiratory foreign body and promote the outcome of the patient's condition, which has good promotion value and is worthy of further application.
文摘借助离散神经音频编解码器的能力,大型语言模型(Large language model,LLM)已被广泛认为是一种零样本语音合成(Text-to-Speech,TTS)的潜在方法。然而,基于采样的解码策略虽然能够为语音生成带来丰富的多样性,但同时也引入了诸如拼写错误、遗漏和重复等鲁棒性问题。为了解决上述问题,我们提出了VALL-E R,一个鲁棒且高效的零样本TTS系统,并以VALL-E为基础进行构建。具体而言,我们引入了一种音素单调对齐策略,通过约束声学标记与其对应的音素严格匹配,增强了音素与声学序列之间的映射关系,从而确保更精确的对齐。此外,我们采用编解码器合并的方法,在浅层量化层对离散码进行降采样,以减少解码计算量,同时保持语音输出的高质量。受益于这些策略,VALL-E R在音素可控性方面取得了显著提升,并通过逼近真实语音的词错误率展现了卓越的鲁棒性。此外,该系统仅需较少的自回归推理步骤,推理时间降低超过60%,极大提升了推理效率。
文摘In the study and implementation of a programmable RS codec module in satellite communication modem, FPGA is used as the kernel in the implementation, while some ASICs are used as necessary assistant measures. The module includes the RS codec unit, the interleaver and deinterleaver unit, the scrambler and descrambler unit and the frame synchronization unit. The module is realized successfully and it can be programmed on-line to meet the requirements of IESS 308/309/310 including many specifications about different service types and data rates. With the implementation combining FPGA with ASICs, size of the circuit is much reduced, its flexibility dramatically increased, and its stability further strengthened. Furthermore, the module is based on the software radio concept and can be easily integrated into the whole satellite communication modem.
