Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)ident...Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)identified as a key candidate gene.Here,we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1,which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans.We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans.Based on this observation,we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout(Gch1^(+/-))mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans.We find that under prolonged hypoxia,the Gch1^(+/-)mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type(WT)controls,providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.Markedly,hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1^(^(+/-))mice compared with the WT controls,likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism,inflammation,circadian rhythm,extracellular matrix,and oxidative stress.This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO,contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.展开更多
The integration of High-Altitude Platform Stations(HAPS)with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS)represents a critical advancement for next-generation wireless networks,offering unprecedented opportunities for ubi...The integration of High-Altitude Platform Stations(HAPS)with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS)represents a critical advancement for next-generation wireless networks,offering unprecedented opportunities for ubiquitous connectivity.However,existing research reveals significant gaps in dynamic resource allocation,joint optimization,and equitable service provisioning under varying channel conditions,limiting practical deployment of these technologies.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel Fairness-Aware Deep Q-Learning(FAIRDQL)framework for joint resource management and phase configuration in HAPS-RIS systems.Our methodology employs a comprehensive three-tier algorithmic architecture integrating adaptive power control,priority-based user scheduling,and dynamic learning mechanisms.The FAIR-DQL approach utilizes advanced reinforcement learning with experience replay and fairness-aware reward functions to balance competing objectives while adapting to dynamic environments.Key findings demonstrate substantial improvements:9.15 dB SINR gain,12.5 bps/Hz capacity,78%power efficiency,and 0.82 fairness index.The framework achieves rapid 40-episode convergence with consistent delay performance.These contributions establish new benchmarks for fairness-aware resource allocation in aerial communications,enabling practical HAPS-RIS deployments in rural connectivity,emergency communications,and urban networks.展开更多
This study summarizes the theoretical basis,modeling strategies,pathological mechanisms,and therapeutic advances related to high-altitude qi-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern.Traditional concepts such as“qi drives ...This study summarizes the theoretical basis,modeling strategies,pathological mechanisms,and therapeutic advances related to high-altitude qi-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern.Traditional concepts such as“qi drives blood”and“deficiency leads to stasis”closely align with modern evidence demonstrating that hypoxia disrupts energy metabolism,impairs microcirculation,and amplifies inflammation and oxidative stress.Current animal models commonly use hypobaric hypoxia combined with fatigue loading,dietary restriction,ice-water stimulation,or adrenaline injection to mimic the combined effects of qi deficiency,blood stasis,and hypoxic injury.These composite approaches reproduce systemic abnormalities,including reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure,increased blood viscosity,impaired cardiac and pulmonary function,microcirculatory obstruction,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Enhanced inflammatory signaling,oxidative stress,and disturbances in metabolic and epigenetic networks further characterize the pattern.The findings indicate that its pathogenesis arises from multi-system,multi-target interactions rather than a single pathway.Representative herbal formulas,such as Buyang Huanwu decoction,Xuefu Zhuyu decoction,and prescriptions rich in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge(A.membranaceus,Huang qi)or Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza,Dan Shen)have demonstrated the ability to improve energy metabolism,attenuate endothelial injury,enhance microcirculation,and suppress inflammation through network-level regulation.Future research should focus on standardizing exposure parameters,developing quantitative syndrome evaluation systems,and integrating multi-omics,systems biology and artificial intelligence to improve model reproducibility and mechanistic precision.These efforts may help establish objective criteria for high-altitude qi-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Background:As an important indicator of subjective well-being(SWB),decent work is a key guarantee for the sustainable development of teachers and their psychological health and work quality.Faced with the rapid develo...Background:As an important indicator of subjective well-being(SWB),decent work is a key guarantee for the sustainable development of teachers and their psychological health and work quality.Faced with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the global labor market,vocational college teachers are facing challenges such as workload pressure and limited career development,which may harm their well-being.This study aims to localize the measurement method of decent work in Chinese vocational education based on the theory of the Psychology of Working Theory,and explore the relationship mechanism between organizational support,career adaptability,decent work,and job satisfaction among vocational college teachers.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 422 HVCU teachers in China(202 male,220 female)using the localized Perceived Organizational Support Scale,Career Adaptability Scale,Decent Work Scale,and Job Satisfaction Scale.Results:The overall level of HVCU teachers’decent work was above the median(Mean=4.09,SD=0.69),laying a foundation for their SWB.Decent work significantly and positively predicted job satisfaction(β=0.620,p<0.001).Organizational support(r=0.58,p<0.001)and career adaptability(r=0.82,p<0.001)can positively affect decent work,and further improve job satisfaction(collective R2 rising from 38.3%to 41.1%).Bootstrap analysis confirmed these mediating effects were robust.Conclusions:This study confirms that the combined effects of organizational support and career adaptability can enhance decent work,further improving teachers’job satisfaction and subsequent subjective well-being.Besides,this study provides an empirical basis for improving the well-being of higher vocational teachers and the sustainable development of vocational education,and has practical significance for improving the teacher incentive policy.展开更多
The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt ...The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.展开更多
The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau presents an extreme environment characterized by high altitude,low oxygen availability,and harsh living conditions.High-altitude-residing amphibians,such as Rana kukunoris,have evolved speci...The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau presents an extreme environment characterized by high altitude,low oxygen availability,and harsh living conditions.High-altitude-residing amphibians,such as Rana kukunoris,have evolved specific physiological adaptations to survive in these habitats.However,the composition and functional significance of their gut microbiota with regard to these adaptations remain poorly explored.This study utilized 16S rR NA gene sequencing to characterize and compare the gut microbiota of Rana kukunoris with that of two low-altitude frogs,Rana amurensis and Rana dybowskii,to investigate potential microbial contributions to high-altitude adaptation.Results revealed significant differences in gut microbiota diversity and composition between high-and lowaltitude frogs.Notably,Akkermansia muciniphila and Desulfovibrio species were significantly enriched in Rana kukunoris.Functional predictions indicated significant enrichment of arginine biosynthesis pathways and associated metabolic processes in the high-altitude frog,which may enhance oxygen utilization and vascular homeostasis under hypoxic conditions.These findings provide insights into the gut microbiota of Rana kukunoris and suggest a potential crucial role in facilitating physiological adaptations to extreme environments through enhanced metabolic flexibility and stress resistance.展开更多
High-altitude pulmonary hypertension(HAPH)occurs when blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises due to exposure to high altitudes above 2,500 m.At these elevations,reduced atmospheric pressure leads to lower oxyg...High-altitude pulmonary hypertension(HAPH)occurs when blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises due to exposure to high altitudes above 2,500 m.At these elevations,reduced atmospheric pressure leads to lower oxygen levels,triggering a series of physiological responses,including pulmonary artery constriction,which elevates blood pressure.This review explored the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of HAPH and reviewed current pharmaceutical interventions for its management.Meanwhile,this review particularly emphasized on the emerging research concerning Chinese medicinal plants as potential treatments for HAPH.Traditional Chinese medicines are rich in diverse natural ingredients that show significant promise in alleviating HAPH symptoms.We reviewed both in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the efficacy,safety,and mechanisms of these natural medicines,along with their potential adverse effects.Additionally,this review highlighted new alternative natural remedies,underscoring the need for ongoing research to expand available treatment options for HAPH.展开更多
Tibetans are welt adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene （GCH1, GTP-cyc...Tibetans are welt adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene （GCH1, GTP-cyclohydrolase I）, involved in maintaining nitric oxide synthetase （NOS） function and normal blood pressure, that harbors many potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans. We resequenced an 80.8 kb fragment covering the entire gene region of GCH1 in 50 unrelated Tibetans Combined with previously published data, we demonstrated many GCHI variants showing deep divergence between highlander Tibetans and lowlander Han Chinese. Neutrality tests confirmed a signal of positive Darwinian selection on GCH1 in Tibetans. Moreover, association analysis indicated that the Tibetan version of GCH1 was significantly associated with multiple physiological traits in Tibetans, including blood nitric oxide concentration, blood oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration. Taken together, we propose that GCH1 plays a role in the genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia.展开更多
The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene...The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300 （histone acetyltransferase p300）, we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide （NO） concentration. Collectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.展开更多
Poikilothermic animals living in high-altitude environments can be greatly affected by the anaerobic metabolism and lactate recycling, which are catalyzed by an enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). However, the f...Poikilothermic animals living in high-altitude environments can be greatly affected by the anaerobic metabolism and lactate recycling, which are catalyzed by an enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). However, the function and possible regulatory mechanisms of their anaerobic glycolysis remained elusive. We compared the difference in LDH between a native high-altitude(4 353 m) lizard, Phrynocephalus erythrurus, and a closely related species, Phrynocephalus przewalskii that lives in intermediate altitude environment(1 400 m). The activity of LDH, the concentration of lactate, the distribution of isoenzyme, and the mRNA amounts of Ldh-A and Ldh-B were determined. In cardiac muscle, the lactate-forming activity of P. erythrurus in LDH was higher than of P. przewalskii LDH at all three temperatures tested(10 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C), while lactate-oxidation activity of LDH was significantly different between the two species only at 25 °C and 35 °C. In skeletal muscle, both lactate-forming and lactate-oxidation rates of P. erythrurus were lower than that of P. przewalskii. There was a higher proportion of H subunit and a significantly higher expression of Ldh-B, with a concomitant decrease of lactate concentration in P. erythrurus. These results indicate that P. erythrurus may have a strong potential for anaerobic metabolism, which is likely adapted to the hypoxic environment at high altitudes. Furthermore, P. erythrurus is capable of oxidizing more lactate than P. przewalskii. The Ldh-A cDNA of the two species consists of a 999 bp open reading frame(ORF), which encodes 332 amino acids, while Ldh-B cDNA consists of a 1 002 bp ORF encoding 333 amino acids. LDHA has the same amino acid sequence between the two species, but three amino acid substitutions(V12 I, N21S and N318K) were observed in LDHB. Structure analysis of LDH indicated that the substitutions of residues Val12 and Asp21 in P. erythrurus could be responsible for the highaltitude adaptation. The LDH characteristics of LDH in P. erythrurus suggest unique adaptation strategies of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxia and cold environments at high altitudes for poikilothermic animals.展开更多
High-altitude and marine mammals inhabit distinct ecosystems but share a common challenge:hypoxia.To survive in low-oxygen environments,these species have evolved similar phenotypic pulmonary adaptations,characterized...High-altitude and marine mammals inhabit distinct ecosystems but share a common challenge:hypoxia.To survive in low-oxygen environments,these species have evolved similar phenotypic pulmonary adaptations,characterized by a high density of elastic fibers.In this study,we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations,focusing on pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia tolerance through comparative genomics and convergent evolution analyses.We observed significant expansions and contractions in certain gene families across both high-altitude and marine mammals,closely associated with processes involved in pulmonary fibrosis.Notably,members of the keratin gene family,such as KRT17 and KRT14,appear to be associated with the development of the dense elastic fiber phenotype observed in the lungs of hypoxia-tolerant mammals.Through selection pressure and amino acid substitution analyses,we identified multiple genes exhibiting convergent accelerated evolution,positive selection,and amino acid substitution in these species,associated with adaptation to hypoxic environments.Specifically,the convergent evolution of ZFP36L1,FN1,and NEDD9 was found to contribute to the high density of elastic fibers in the lungs of both high-altitude and marine mammals,facilitating their hypoxia tolerance.Additionally,we identified convergent amino acid substitutions and gene loss events associated with sperm development,differentiation,and spermatogenesis,such as amino acid substitutions in SLC26A3 and pseudogenization of CFAP47,as confirmed by PCR.These genetic alterations may be linked to changes in the reproductive capabilities of these animals.Overall,this study offers novel perspectives on the genetic and molecular adaptations of high-altitude and marine mammals to hypoxic environments,with a particular emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis.展开更多
Agricultural pests cause enormous losses in annual agricultural production.Understanding the evolutionary responses and adaptive capacity of agricultural pests under climate change is crucial for establishing sustaina...Agricultural pests cause enormous losses in annual agricultural production.Understanding the evolutionary responses and adaptive capacity of agricultural pests under climate change is crucial for establishing sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural pest management.In this study,we integrate climate modeling and landscape genomics to investigate the distributional dynamics of the cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera)in the adaptation to local environments and resilience to future climate change.Notably,the predicted inhabitable areas with higher suitability for the cotton bollworm could be eight times larger in the coming decades.Climate change is one of the factors driving the dynamics of distribution and population differentiation of the cotton bollworm.Approximately 19,000 years ago,the cotton bollworm expanded from its ancestral African population,followed by gradual occupations of the European,Asian,Oceanian,and American continents.Furthermore,we identify seven subpopulations with high dispersal and adaptability which may have an increased risk of invasion potential.Additionally,a large number of candidate genes and SNPs linked to climatic adaptation were mapped.These findings could inform sustainable pest management strategies in the face of climate change,aiding future pest forecasting and management planning.展开更多
Objectives:Teachers are facing unprecedented new challenges leading them to face an increasing number of tasks that are not part of their job,as well as having to cope with the additional skills acquisition that comes...Objectives:Teachers are facing unprecedented new challenges leading them to face an increasing number of tasks that are not part of their job,as well as having to cope with the additional skills acquisition that comes with non-traditional forms of teaching and learning,and increased work pressure leading to an increase in the rate of teachers leaving the profession.Therefore,this study aims to explore the mechanism of the career calling on job burnout through career adaptability and work engagement.Methods:This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 465 primary and secondary school teachers(PSST)in China's Mainland from the perspective of work adjustment and used structural equation modeling(SEM)to examine the mediating roles of career adaptability and work engagement in the relationship between teachers’career calling and job burnout.Results:The results show that PSSTs are above average in career calling,career adaptability,and work engagement,while job burnout is below average.A significant positive or negative correlation exists between career calling,career adaptability,work engagement,and job burnout.The result of path analysis indicates that career adaptability and work engagement exert an indirect influence on the job burnout of PSST through three paths:namely,the independent intermediary role of career adaptability(EV=−0.144),the independent intermediary role of work engagement(EV=0.172)and the chain intermediary role of the two(EV=0.176).Conclusion:This study emphasizes the importance of career adaptability and work engagement in teacher development in regulating career calling and job burnout.Therefore,on the one hand,we think that if managers want to reduce teachers’job burnout,they need to pay more attention to teachers’career adaptability and work engagement,rather than relying solely on teachers’career calling.On the other hand,it is to remind teachers not to rely on their adjustment to adapt to the work,but also to need outside help as much as possible.展开更多
Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demon...Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Here,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has occurred.We assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in kiangs.In Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high altitude.In addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan donkeys.Our findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.展开更多
Tibetan-Yi Corridor(TYC)is a crucial agro-pastoral region in the eastern Himalayas,linking Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau with the lowlands of East Asia and facilitating human migration for millennia.However,genomic research ...Tibetan-Yi Corridor(TYC)is a crucial agro-pastoral region in the eastern Himalayas,linking Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau with the lowlands of East Asia and facilitating human migration for millennia.However,genomic research on TYC populations remains limited,which limits the understanding of their origins and health.We provide genomic data from 1031 individuals belonging to Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan groups,including 147 whole-genome sequences from 13 underrepresented Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic communities.Our analysis reveals approximately 3.3 million new genetic variants and 4 distinct genetic backgrounds within TYC populations.Demographic reconstructions reveal strong genetic connections among TibetoBurman groups,Central Plain Sinitic populations,and Yangshao farmers,supporting a common origin for Sino-Tibetan speakers.We identify signatures of high-altitude adaptations typical of Tibetans and TYCspecific variants linked to pigmentation and hypoxia responses.Differentiation involves mechanisms such as HLA-DQB1,which are related to immune function.Several rare pathogenic variants,like CYP21A2 and PRX,are notably frequent.Variants influencing warfarin sensitivity show significant variation.Archaic human introgression further promotes genomic complexity,impacting cardiovascular and immune-related genes,which suggests adaptation through ancient human interactions.These findings refine the evolutionary history of TYC populations and underscore the need for broader genomic research to capture regional diversity and inform precision medicine.展开更多
Qingke,a staple crop grown on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau,has evolved a metabolomic profile providing both environmental stress resilience and human nutrition.We review the hypothesis that the metabolites that c...Qingke,a staple crop grown on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau,has evolved a metabolomic profile providing both environmental stress resilience and human nutrition.We review the hypothesis that the metabolites that confer cold and UV resistance on the crop also facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.Specifically,β-glucans regulate blood glucose primarily via short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced through gut microbiota fermentation,which directly mediate glucose homeostasis.Phenolamides accumulate via the phenylpropanoid pathway,with chalcone isomerase(CHI)serving as a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis and enhancing UV-B resistance.Under low temperatures,β-glucans improve frost tolerance by modulating osmotic balance and inhibiting ice-nucleating proteins,while lipids maintain membrane fluidity to sustain cellular function during cold stress.Importantly,we explore the hypothesis that these same metabolites,upon consumption,may facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.This hypothesis is supported by preliminary epidemiological associations between Qingke consumption and favorable health outcomes in high-altitude populations,as well as established bioactivities of the implicated metabolites in vitro and in animal models.However,direct causal evidence in humans and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain key knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation.Qingke as a unique resource at the interface of agricultural resilience and human nutrition.Understanding its metabolic blueprint will inform the development of functional foods and climate-resilient crops.展开更多
Objective High-altitude hypoxia exposure often damages hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.Nogo-A is an important axonal growth inhibitory factor.However,its function in high-altitude hypoxia and its mechanism o...Objective High-altitude hypoxia exposure often damages hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.Nogo-A is an important axonal growth inhibitory factor.However,its function in high-altitude hypoxia and its mechanism of action remain unclear.Methods In an in vivo study,a low-pressure oxygen chamber was used to simulate high-altitude hypoxia,and genetic or pharmacological intervention was used to block the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway.Contextual fear conditioning and Morris water maze behavioral tests were used to assess learning and memory in rats,and synaptic damage in the hippocampus and changes in oxidative stress levels were observed.In vitro,SH-SY5Y cells were used to assess oxidative stress and mitochondrial function with or without Nogo-A knockdown in Oxygen Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion(OGD/R)models.Results Exposure to acute high-altitude hypoxia for 3 or 7 days impaired learning and memory in rats,triggered oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue,and reduced the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons.Blocking the Nogo-A/NgR1 pathway ameliorated oxidative stress,synaptic damage,and the learning and memory impairment induced by high-altitude exposure.Conclusion Our results demonstrate the detrimental role of Nogo-A protein in mediating learning and memory impairment under high-altitude hypoxia and suggest the potential of the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway as a crucial therapeutic target for alleviating learning and memory dysfunction induced by high-altitude exposure.展开更多
BACKGROUND While acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxic environments can lead to increased thrombosis risk,preventive measures are currently limited.Recently,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUC-MSC)transpl...BACKGROUND While acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxic environments can lead to increased thrombosis risk,preventive measures are currently limited.Recently,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUC-MSC)transplantation has been found effective in preventing and treating various clinical conditions,including thro-mbotic diseases.Platelets are crucial for thrombus formation,and theirα-granules are key determinants of platelet function.However,little is known about the influence of hUC-MSCs on plateletα-granules.METHODS Rats were assigned to three groups,namely,low-altitude,high-altitude,and hUC-MSC-treated groups.The low-altitude group was pretreated with normal saline and housed at an altitude of 1500 m.Rats in the high-altitude group received similar pretreatment and were housed in a simulated hypobaric hypoxia chamber with an altitude of 6500 m and oxygen partial pressure of 7.7 kPa.hUC-MSC-treated rats were pretreated with hUC-MSCs and exposed to hypoxic conditions.Aortic blood was collected after three days to assess platelet counts and mor-phology andα-granule release.RESULTS Compared to the low-altitude group,the high-altitude group exhibited significantly higher platelet counts,plasma levels of von Willebrand factor,platelet factor 4,beta-thromboglobulin,as well as surface P-selectin(CD62p)and p-protein kinase B,p-mitogen-activated protein kinase,and p-extracellular-signal regulated kinase expression in platelets.Platelet morphology in the high-altitude group was irregular,with extended pseudopodia and increasedα-granule densities.However,these changes were not apparent in the hUC-MSC-treated group.CONCLUSION Acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxia increased platelet counts,altered platelet morphology,and increasedα-granule density and release.These effects were mitigated by hUC-MSC treatment,mediated by the protein kinase B/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase pathway.The results indicate that hUC-MSCs may represent a promising and effective approach for the prevention and treatment of acute high-altitude-associated thrombosis,providing an experimental foundation for the development of clinical applications.展开更多
A comprehensive fishery-independent survey generally incorporates various specialized surveys and integrates different survey objectives to maximize benefits while accounting for cost limitations.It is important to ev...A comprehensive fishery-independent survey generally incorporates various specialized surveys and integrates different survey objectives to maximize benefits while accounting for cost limitations.It is important to evaluate the adaptability of the comprehensive survey for different taxon to get the optimal design.However,the validity and adaptability of ichthyoplankton sampling incorporated in a comprehensive fishery-independent survey program in estimating abundance of ichthyoplankton species is little known.This study included ichthyoplankton sampling in an integrated survey and assessed the appropriateness of survey design.The Kriging interpolation based on Gaussian models was used to estimate the values at unsurveyed locations based on the original ichthyoplankton survey data in the Haizhou Bay as the“true”values.The sampling performances of the ongoing stratified random sampling(StRS),simple random sampling(SRS),cluster sampling(CS),hexagonal systematic sampling(SYS h),and regular systematic sampling(SYS r)with different sample sizes in estimating ichthyoplankton abundance were compared in relative estimation error(REE),relative bias(RB),and coefficient of variation(CV)by computer simulation.The ongoing StRS performed better than CS and SRS,but not as good as the two systematic sampling methods,and the current sample size in StRS design was insufficient to estimate ichthyoplankton abundance.The average REE values(meanREE)were significantly smaller in two systematic sampling designs than those in other three sampling designs,and the two systematic sampling designs could maintain good inter-annual stability of sampling performances.It is suggested that incorporating ichthyoplankton survey directly into stratified random fishery-independent surveys could not achieve the desired level of accuracy for survey objectives,but the accuracy can be improved by setting additional stations.The assessment framework presented in this study serves as a reference for evaluating the adaptability of integrated surveys to different objectives in other waters.展开更多
Diet and feeding behavior data are crucial to a deep understanding of the behavioral response and adaptation of primates to a high-altitude environment.From August 2019 to June 2021,we collected data on the feeding be...Diet and feeding behavior data are crucial to a deep understanding of the behavioral response and adaptation of primates to a high-altitude environment.From August 2019 to June 2021,we collected data on the feeding behavior of a high-altitude rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta group from Yajiang County,Western Sichuan Plateau,which has an altitude of over 3,500 m.The results showed that feeding(33.0±1.8%)and moving(28.3±2.6%)were the dominant behavior of rhesus macaques.Macaques ate 193 food items,comprising 11 food categories from 90 species.Our study found that plant roots(30.9±30.1%)and young leaves(28.0±33.1%)were the main foods eaten by macaques.The preferred foods of rhesus macaques were young leaves,fruits,and seeds,and the consumption of these items was positively correlated with its food availability.When the availability of preferred foods was low,macaques took plant roots,barks,and fallen leaves as fallback foods.In particular,roots were a dominant food item in winter,and this way of feeding became a key survival strategy.Our results suggest that,facing the relative scarcity and strong seasonal fluctuations of food resources in high-altitude habitat,macaques adopt active foraging strategies,relying on a variety of food species and adjusting flexibly their food choices based on food availability,which may help to maximize the energy efficiency of high-altitude macaques.展开更多
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32288101 and 91631306 to B.S32170632 and 32000390 to Y.H.32400503 to Y.G.)Major Scientific Project of Yunnan Province(202305AH340007 to B.S.)+4 种基金Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Science&Technology Champion Project(202005AB160004 to B.S.)Yunnan Revitalization Talent Support Program Innovation Team(202405AS350008)Yunnan Scientist Workshops(to B.S.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(to Y.H.),the Science and Technology General Program of Yunnan Province(202301AW070010 and 202001AT070110 to Y.H.)and the Provincial Key Research,Development,and Translational Program(XZ202101ZY0009G to Baima.).
文摘Nitric oxide(NO)is a key vasodilator that regulates vascular pressure and blood flow.Tibetans have developed a"blunted"mechanism for regulating NO levels at high altitude,with GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1)identified as a key candidate gene.Here,we present comprehensive genetic and functional analyses of GCH1,which exhibits strong Darwinian positive selection in Tibetans.We show that Tibetan-enriched GCH1 variants down-regulate its expression in the blood of Tibetans.Based on this observation,we generate the heterozygous Gch1 knockout(Gch1^(+/-))mouse model to simulate its downregulation in Tibetans.We find that under prolonged hypoxia,the Gch1^(+/-)mice have relatively higher blood NO and blood oxygen saturation levels compared with the wild-type(WT)controls,providing better oxygen supplies to the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems.Markedly,hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy and pulmonary remodeling are significantly attenuated in the Gch1^(^(+/-))mice compared with the WT controls,likely due to the adaptive changes in molecular regulations related to metabolism,inflammation,circadian rhythm,extracellular matrix,and oxidative stress.This study sheds light on the role of GCH1 in regulating blood NO,contributing to the physiological adaptation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems in Tibetans at high altitude.
基金supported by the Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project,number PNURSP2025R757Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The integration of High-Altitude Platform Stations(HAPS)with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces(RIS)represents a critical advancement for next-generation wireless networks,offering unprecedented opportunities for ubiquitous connectivity.However,existing research reveals significant gaps in dynamic resource allocation,joint optimization,and equitable service provisioning under varying channel conditions,limiting practical deployment of these technologies.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel Fairness-Aware Deep Q-Learning(FAIRDQL)framework for joint resource management and phase configuration in HAPS-RIS systems.Our methodology employs a comprehensive three-tier algorithmic architecture integrating adaptive power control,priority-based user scheduling,and dynamic learning mechanisms.The FAIR-DQL approach utilizes advanced reinforcement learning with experience replay and fairness-aware reward functions to balance competing objectives while adapting to dynamic environments.Key findings demonstrate substantial improvements:9.15 dB SINR gain,12.5 bps/Hz capacity,78%power efficiency,and 0.82 fairness index.The framework achieves rapid 40-episode convergence with consistent delay performance.These contributions establish new benchmarks for fairness-aware resource allocation in aerial communications,enabling practical HAPS-RIS deployments in rural connectivity,emergency communications,and urban networks.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program,China(2022YFC3502103,2022YFC3502102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(82204751).
文摘This study summarizes the theoretical basis,modeling strategies,pathological mechanisms,and therapeutic advances related to high-altitude qi-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern.Traditional concepts such as“qi drives blood”and“deficiency leads to stasis”closely align with modern evidence demonstrating that hypoxia disrupts energy metabolism,impairs microcirculation,and amplifies inflammation and oxidative stress.Current animal models commonly use hypobaric hypoxia combined with fatigue loading,dietary restriction,ice-water stimulation,or adrenaline injection to mimic the combined effects of qi deficiency,blood stasis,and hypoxic injury.These composite approaches reproduce systemic abnormalities,including reduced arterial oxygen partial pressure,increased blood viscosity,impaired cardiac and pulmonary function,microcirculatory obstruction,and mitochondrial dysfunction.Enhanced inflammatory signaling,oxidative stress,and disturbances in metabolic and epigenetic networks further characterize the pattern.The findings indicate that its pathogenesis arises from multi-system,multi-target interactions rather than a single pathway.Representative herbal formulas,such as Buyang Huanwu decoction,Xuefu Zhuyu decoction,and prescriptions rich in Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bunge(A.membranaceus,Huang qi)or Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(S.miltiorrhiza,Dan Shen)have demonstrated the ability to improve energy metabolism,attenuate endothelial injury,enhance microcirculation,and suppress inflammation through network-level regulation.Future research should focus on standardizing exposure parameters,developing quantitative syndrome evaluation systems,and integrating multi-omics,systems biology and artificial intelligence to improve model reproducibility and mechanistic precision.These efforts may help establish objective criteria for high-altitude qi-deficiency and blood-stasis pattern and support the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
基金funded by Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Humanities and Social Sciences Research Fund Project(NYY222055)Special research project on teaching reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(GCSJG202528)+2 种基金General Subject of Educational Science Planning in Jiangsu Province(C/2024/01/76)General project of educational science research in Shanghai(C24288)Key funded project of Shandong Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research in 2022(2022052).
文摘Background:As an important indicator of subjective well-being(SWB),decent work is a key guarantee for the sustainable development of teachers and their psychological health and work quality.Faced with the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the global labor market,vocational college teachers are facing challenges such as workload pressure and limited career development,which may harm their well-being.This study aims to localize the measurement method of decent work in Chinese vocational education based on the theory of the Psychology of Working Theory,and explore the relationship mechanism between organizational support,career adaptability,decent work,and job satisfaction among vocational college teachers.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 422 HVCU teachers in China(202 male,220 female)using the localized Perceived Organizational Support Scale,Career Adaptability Scale,Decent Work Scale,and Job Satisfaction Scale.Results:The overall level of HVCU teachers’decent work was above the median(Mean=4.09,SD=0.69),laying a foundation for their SWB.Decent work significantly and positively predicted job satisfaction(β=0.620,p<0.001).Organizational support(r=0.58,p<0.001)and career adaptability(r=0.82,p<0.001)can positively affect decent work,and further improve job satisfaction(collective R2 rising from 38.3%to 41.1%).Bootstrap analysis confirmed these mediating effects were robust.Conclusions:This study confirms that the combined effects of organizational support and career adaptability can enhance decent work,further improving teachers’job satisfaction and subsequent subjective well-being.Besides,this study provides an empirical basis for improving the well-being of higher vocational teachers and the sustainable development of vocational education,and has practical significance for improving the teacher incentive policy.
基金supported by NARI Relays Electric Co.,Ltd.under the Project“Research on Evaluation of Clearing Results and Switching Criteria for Primary-Backup Systems in Electricity SpotMarkets”(Project No.CGSQ240800443).
文摘The construction of spot electricity markets plays a pivotal role in power system reforms,where market clearing systems profoundly influence market efficiency and security.Current clearing systems predominantly adopt a single-system architecture,with research focusing primarily on accelerating solution algorithms through techniques such as high-efficiency parallel solvers and staggered decomposition of mixed-integer programming models.Notably absent are systematic studies evaluating the adaptability of primary-backup clearing systems incontingency scenarios—a critical gap given redundant systems’expanding applications in operational environments.This paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework for analyzing dual-system adaptability,demonstrated through an in-depth case study of the Inner Mongolia power market.First,we establish the innovative“Dual-Active Heterogeneous”architecture that enables independent parallelized operation and fault-isolated redundancy.Subsequently,key performance indices are quantitatively evaluated across four critical dimensions:unit commitment decisions,generator output constraints,transmission section congestion patterns,and clearing price formation mechanisms.An integrated fuzzy evaluation methodology incorporating grey relational analysis is employed for objective indicator weighting,enabling systematic quantification of system superiority under specific grid operating states.Empirical results based on actual operational data from 200 generation units demonstrate the framework’s efficacy in guiding optimal system selection,with particularly strong performance observed during peak load periods.The proposed approach shows high generalization potential for other regional markets employing redundant clearing mechanisms—particularly those with increasing renewable penetration and associated uncertainty.
基金supported by the Open Project Funding of the Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resource Conservation (Ministry of Education) (XNYB24-02)。
文摘The Qinghai-Xizang Plateau presents an extreme environment characterized by high altitude,low oxygen availability,and harsh living conditions.High-altitude-residing amphibians,such as Rana kukunoris,have evolved specific physiological adaptations to survive in these habitats.However,the composition and functional significance of their gut microbiota with regard to these adaptations remain poorly explored.This study utilized 16S rR NA gene sequencing to characterize and compare the gut microbiota of Rana kukunoris with that of two low-altitude frogs,Rana amurensis and Rana dybowskii,to investigate potential microbial contributions to high-altitude adaptation.Results revealed significant differences in gut microbiota diversity and composition between high-and lowaltitude frogs.Notably,Akkermansia muciniphila and Desulfovibrio species were significantly enriched in Rana kukunoris.Functional predictions indicated significant enrichment of arginine biosynthesis pathways and associated metabolic processes in the high-altitude frog,which may enhance oxygen utilization and vascular homeostasis under hypoxic conditions.These findings provide insights into the gut microbiota of Rana kukunoris and suggest a potential crucial role in facilitating physiological adaptations to extreme environments through enhanced metabolic flexibility and stress resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32270690 and 32070671).
文摘High-altitude pulmonary hypertension(HAPH)occurs when blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries rises due to exposure to high altitudes above 2,500 m.At these elevations,reduced atmospheric pressure leads to lower oxygen levels,triggering a series of physiological responses,including pulmonary artery constriction,which elevates blood pressure.This review explored the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of HAPH and reviewed current pharmaceutical interventions for its management.Meanwhile,this review particularly emphasized on the emerging research concerning Chinese medicinal plants as potential treatments for HAPH.Traditional Chinese medicines are rich in diverse natural ingredients that show significant promise in alleviating HAPH symptoms.We reviewed both in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the efficacy,safety,and mechanisms of these natural medicines,along with their potential adverse effects.Additionally,this review highlighted new alternative natural remedies,underscoring the need for ongoing research to expand available treatment options for HAPH.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB13010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91631306 to BS,31671329 to XQ,31460287 to Ou.,31501013 to HZ and 31360032 to CC)+2 种基金the National 973 program(2012CB518202 to TW)the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF15-05,GREKF16-04)the Zhufeng Scholar Program of Tibetan University
文摘Tibetans are welt adapted to high-altitude hypoxia. Previous genome-wide scans have reported many candidate genes for this adaptation, but only a few have been studied. Here we report on a hypoxia gene （GCH1, GTP-cyclohydrolase I）, involved in maintaining nitric oxide synthetase （NOS） function and normal blood pressure, that harbors many potentially adaptive variants in Tibetans. We resequenced an 80.8 kb fragment covering the entire gene region of GCH1 in 50 unrelated Tibetans Combined with previously published data, we demonstrated many GCHI variants showing deep divergence between highlander Tibetans and lowlander Han Chinese. Neutrality tests confirmed a signal of positive Darwinian selection on GCH1 in Tibetans. Moreover, association analysis indicated that the Tibetan version of GCH1 was significantly associated with multiple physiological traits in Tibetans, including blood nitric oxide concentration, blood oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration. Taken together, we propose that GCH1 plays a role in the genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia.
基金supported by grants from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB13010000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91631306 to BS,31671329 to XQ,31460287 to Ou,31501013 to HZ,and 31360032 to CC)+2 种基金the National 973 program(2012CB518202 to TW)the State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution(GREKF15-05,GREKF16-04)the Zhufeng Scholar Program of Tibetan University
文摘The genetic adaptation of Tibetans to high altitude hypoxia likely involves a group of genes in the hypoxic pathway, as suggested by earlier studies. To test the adaptive role of the previously reported candidate gene EP300 （histone acetyltransferase p300）, we conducted resequencing of a 108.9 kb gene region of EP300 in 80 unrelated Tibetans. The allele-frequency and haplotype-based neutrality tests detected signals of positive Darwinian selection on EP300 in Tibetans, with a group of variants showing allelic divergence between Tibetans and lowland reference populations, including Han Chinese, Europeans, and Africans. Functional prediction suggested the involvement of multiple EP300 variants in gene expression regulation. More importantly, genetic association tests in 226 Tibetans indicated significant correlation of the adaptive EP300 variants with blood nitric oxide （NO） concentration. Collectively, we propose that EP300 harbors adaptive variants in Tibetans, which might contribute to high-altitude adaptation through regulating NO production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31501860 to Xiaolong TANG, No. 31272313 and No. 31472005 to Qiang CHEN) Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2017-150 to Xiaolong TANG)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province: 1506RJYA243
文摘Poikilothermic animals living in high-altitude environments can be greatly affected by the anaerobic metabolism and lactate recycling, which are catalyzed by an enzyme called lactate dehydrogenase(LDH). However, the function and possible regulatory mechanisms of their anaerobic glycolysis remained elusive. We compared the difference in LDH between a native high-altitude(4 353 m) lizard, Phrynocephalus erythrurus, and a closely related species, Phrynocephalus przewalskii that lives in intermediate altitude environment(1 400 m). The activity of LDH, the concentration of lactate, the distribution of isoenzyme, and the mRNA amounts of Ldh-A and Ldh-B were determined. In cardiac muscle, the lactate-forming activity of P. erythrurus in LDH was higher than of P. przewalskii LDH at all three temperatures tested(10 °C, 25 °C and 35 °C), while lactate-oxidation activity of LDH was significantly different between the two species only at 25 °C and 35 °C. In skeletal muscle, both lactate-forming and lactate-oxidation rates of P. erythrurus were lower than that of P. przewalskii. There was a higher proportion of H subunit and a significantly higher expression of Ldh-B, with a concomitant decrease of lactate concentration in P. erythrurus. These results indicate that P. erythrurus may have a strong potential for anaerobic metabolism, which is likely adapted to the hypoxic environment at high altitudes. Furthermore, P. erythrurus is capable of oxidizing more lactate than P. przewalskii. The Ldh-A cDNA of the two species consists of a 999 bp open reading frame(ORF), which encodes 332 amino acids, while Ldh-B cDNA consists of a 1 002 bp ORF encoding 333 amino acids. LDHA has the same amino acid sequence between the two species, but three amino acid substitutions(V12 I, N21S and N318K) were observed in LDHB. Structure analysis of LDH indicated that the substitutions of residues Val12 and Asp21 in P. erythrurus could be responsible for the highaltitude adaptation. The LDH characteristics of LDH in P. erythrurus suggest unique adaptation strategies of anaerobic metabolism in hypoxia and cold environments at high altitudes for poikilothermic animals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270442,31872219,31370401,32030011,31630071,31772448)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1301602)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX23_1747,KYCX23_1740)。
文摘High-altitude and marine mammals inhabit distinct ecosystems but share a common challenge:hypoxia.To survive in low-oxygen environments,these species have evolved similar phenotypic pulmonary adaptations,characterized by a high density of elastic fibers.In this study,we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptations,focusing on pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxia tolerance through comparative genomics and convergent evolution analyses.We observed significant expansions and contractions in certain gene families across both high-altitude and marine mammals,closely associated with processes involved in pulmonary fibrosis.Notably,members of the keratin gene family,such as KRT17 and KRT14,appear to be associated with the development of the dense elastic fiber phenotype observed in the lungs of hypoxia-tolerant mammals.Through selection pressure and amino acid substitution analyses,we identified multiple genes exhibiting convergent accelerated evolution,positive selection,and amino acid substitution in these species,associated with adaptation to hypoxic environments.Specifically,the convergent evolution of ZFP36L1,FN1,and NEDD9 was found to contribute to the high density of elastic fibers in the lungs of both high-altitude and marine mammals,facilitating their hypoxia tolerance.Additionally,we identified convergent amino acid substitutions and gene loss events associated with sperm development,differentiation,and spermatogenesis,such as amino acid substitutions in SLC26A3 and pseudogenization of CFAP47,as confirmed by PCR.These genetic alterations may be linked to changes in the reproductive capabilities of these animals.Overall,this study offers novel perspectives on the genetic and molecular adaptations of high-altitude and marine mammals to hypoxic environments,with a particular emphasis on pulmonary fibrosis.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372546)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KQTD20180411143628272)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD04021)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2200700)。
文摘Agricultural pests cause enormous losses in annual agricultural production.Understanding the evolutionary responses and adaptive capacity of agricultural pests under climate change is crucial for establishing sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural pest management.In this study,we integrate climate modeling and landscape genomics to investigate the distributional dynamics of the cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera)in the adaptation to local environments and resilience to future climate change.Notably,the predicted inhabitable areas with higher suitability for the cotton bollworm could be eight times larger in the coming decades.Climate change is one of the factors driving the dynamics of distribution and population differentiation of the cotton bollworm.Approximately 19,000 years ago,the cotton bollworm expanded from its ancestral African population,followed by gradual occupations of the European,Asian,Oceanian,and American continents.Furthermore,we identify seven subpopulations with high dispersal and adaptability which may have an increased risk of invasion potential.Additionally,a large number of candidate genes and SNPs linked to climatic adaptation were mapped.These findings could inform sustainable pest management strategies in the face of climate change,aiding future pest forecasting and management planning.
基金funded by Humanities and Social Sciences Foundation and Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NYY222055,NY224176)General Subject of Educational Science Planning in Jiangsu Province(C/2024/01/76)National Natural Science Foundation of China(62307025).
文摘Objectives:Teachers are facing unprecedented new challenges leading them to face an increasing number of tasks that are not part of their job,as well as having to cope with the additional skills acquisition that comes with non-traditional forms of teaching and learning,and increased work pressure leading to an increase in the rate of teachers leaving the profession.Therefore,this study aims to explore the mechanism of the career calling on job burnout through career adaptability and work engagement.Methods:This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of 465 primary and secondary school teachers(PSST)in China's Mainland from the perspective of work adjustment and used structural equation modeling(SEM)to examine the mediating roles of career adaptability and work engagement in the relationship between teachers’career calling and job burnout.Results:The results show that PSSTs are above average in career calling,career adaptability,and work engagement,while job burnout is below average.A significant positive or negative correlation exists between career calling,career adaptability,work engagement,and job burnout.The result of path analysis indicates that career adaptability and work engagement exert an indirect influence on the job burnout of PSST through three paths:namely,the independent intermediary role of career adaptability(EV=−0.144),the independent intermediary role of work engagement(EV=0.172)and the chain intermediary role of the two(EV=0.176).Conclusion:This study emphasizes the importance of career adaptability and work engagement in teacher development in regulating career calling and job burnout.Therefore,on the one hand,we think that if managers want to reduce teachers’job burnout,they need to pay more attention to teachers’career adaptability and work engagement,rather than relying solely on teachers’career calling.On the other hand,it is to remind teachers not to rely on their adjustment to adapt to the work,but also to need outside help as much as possible.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31621062)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA2004010302)+4 种基金Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK05010703)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91731304,31822048)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB13020600)Qinghai Department of Science and Technology Major ProjectState Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan,Yunnan University(2018KF001)supported by the Animal Branch of the Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Large Research Infrastructure Funding)
文摘Over the last several hundred years,donkeys have adapted to high-altitude conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Interestingly,the kiang,a closely related equid species,also inhabits this region.Previous reports have demonstrated the importance of specific genes and adaptive introgression in divergent lineages for adaptation to hypoxic conditions on the Tibetan Plateau.Here,we assessed whether donkeys and kiangs adapted to the Tibetan Plateau via the same or different biological pathways and whether adaptive introgression has occurred.We assembled a de novo genome from a kiang individual and analyzed the genomes of five kiangs and 93 donkeys(including 24 from the Tibetan Plateau).Our analyses suggested the existence of a strong hard selective sweep at the EPAS1 locus in kiangs.In Tibetan donkeys,however,another gene,i.e.,EGLN1,was likely involved in their adaptation to high altitude.In addition,admixture analysis found no evidence for interspecific gene flow between kiangs and Tibetan donkeys.Our findings indicate that despite the short evolutionary time scale since the arrival of donkeys on the Tibetan Plateau,as well as the existence of a closely related species already adapted to hypoxia,Tibetan donkeys did not acquire adaptation via admixture but instead evolved adaptations via a different biological pathway.
基金supported by the Major Project of the National Social Science Foundation of China(82402203)the Major Project of the National SocialScience Foundation of China(23&ZD203)+3 种基金the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics of the Ministry of Public Security(2022FGKFKT05)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01)the 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University(ZYJC20002)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2024NSFSC1518).
文摘Tibetan-Yi Corridor(TYC)is a crucial agro-pastoral region in the eastern Himalayas,linking Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau with the lowlands of East Asia and facilitating human migration for millennia.However,genomic research on TYC populations remains limited,which limits the understanding of their origins and health.We provide genomic data from 1031 individuals belonging to Austroasiatic and Sino-Tibetan groups,including 147 whole-genome sequences from 13 underrepresented Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic communities.Our analysis reveals approximately 3.3 million new genetic variants and 4 distinct genetic backgrounds within TYC populations.Demographic reconstructions reveal strong genetic connections among TibetoBurman groups,Central Plain Sinitic populations,and Yangshao farmers,supporting a common origin for Sino-Tibetan speakers.We identify signatures of high-altitude adaptations typical of Tibetans and TYCspecific variants linked to pigmentation and hypoxia responses.Differentiation involves mechanisms such as HLA-DQB1,which are related to immune function.Several rare pathogenic variants,like CYP21A2 and PRX,are notably frequent.Variants influencing warfarin sensitivity show significant variation.Archaic human introgression further promotes genomic complexity,impacting cardiovascular and immune-related genes,which suggests adaptation through ancient human interactions.These findings refine the evolutionary history of TYC populations and underscore the need for broader genomic research to capture regional diversity and inform precision medicine.
基金supported by the Financial Special Fund,grant number XZ202401JD0027National Barley Industry Technology System(CARS-05-01A-08)+3 种基金the Xizang Agri-Tech Innovation Project(XZNKY-2025-CXGC-T01)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U20A2026)the Financial Special Fund,grant number(32401784,2017CZZX001/2,XZNKY-2018-C-021 and NYSTC202401)the China Agriculture Research System of Barley(CARS-05).
文摘Qingke,a staple crop grown on the high-altitude Tibetan Plateau,has evolved a metabolomic profile providing both environmental stress resilience and human nutrition.We review the hypothesis that the metabolites that confer cold and UV resistance on the crop also facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.Specifically,β-glucans regulate blood glucose primarily via short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced through gut microbiota fermentation,which directly mediate glucose homeostasis.Phenolamides accumulate via the phenylpropanoid pathway,with chalcone isomerase(CHI)serving as a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis and enhancing UV-B resistance.Under low temperatures,β-glucans improve frost tolerance by modulating osmotic balance and inhibiting ice-nucleating proteins,while lipids maintain membrane fluidity to sustain cellular function during cold stress.Importantly,we explore the hypothesis that these same metabolites,upon consumption,may facilitate human adaptation to high-altitude stresses.This hypothesis is supported by preliminary epidemiological associations between Qingke consumption and favorable health outcomes in high-altitude populations,as well as established bioactivities of the implicated metabolites in vitro and in animal models.However,direct causal evidence in humans and a comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remain key knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation.Qingke as a unique resource at the interface of agricultural resilience and human nutrition.Understanding its metabolic blueprint will inform the development of functional foods and climate-resilient crops.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7232090)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82101306)the Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030(2021ZD0201100).
文摘Objective High-altitude hypoxia exposure often damages hippocampus-dependent learning and memory.Nogo-A is an important axonal growth inhibitory factor.However,its function in high-altitude hypoxia and its mechanism of action remain unclear.Methods In an in vivo study,a low-pressure oxygen chamber was used to simulate high-altitude hypoxia,and genetic or pharmacological intervention was used to block the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway.Contextual fear conditioning and Morris water maze behavioral tests were used to assess learning and memory in rats,and synaptic damage in the hippocampus and changes in oxidative stress levels were observed.In vitro,SH-SY5Y cells were used to assess oxidative stress and mitochondrial function with or without Nogo-A knockdown in Oxygen Glucose-Deprivation/Reperfusion(OGD/R)models.Results Exposure to acute high-altitude hypoxia for 3 or 7 days impaired learning and memory in rats,triggered oxidative stress in the hippocampal tissue,and reduced the dendritic spine density of hippocampal neurons.Blocking the Nogo-A/NgR1 pathway ameliorated oxidative stress,synaptic damage,and the learning and memory impairment induced by high-altitude exposure.Conclusion Our results demonstrate the detrimental role of Nogo-A protein in mediating learning and memory impairment under high-altitude hypoxia and suggest the potential of the Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling pathway as a crucial therapeutic target for alleviating learning and memory dysfunction induced by high-altitude exposure.
基金Supported by the Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province-Social Development Field,No.25ZDFA007Health Industry Research Funding Project of Gansu Province,No.GSWSKY2024-54+3 种基金Youth Science and Technology Fund Program of Gansu Province,No.21JR11RA014National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81273568Health Industry Research Funding Project of Gansu Province,No.GSWSKY2022-03Logistics Scientific Research Independent Project of the PLA.
文摘BACKGROUND While acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxic environments can lead to increased thrombosis risk,preventive measures are currently limited.Recently,human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell(hUC-MSC)transplantation has been found effective in preventing and treating various clinical conditions,including thro-mbotic diseases.Platelets are crucial for thrombus formation,and theirα-granules are key determinants of platelet function.However,little is known about the influence of hUC-MSCs on plateletα-granules.METHODS Rats were assigned to three groups,namely,low-altitude,high-altitude,and hUC-MSC-treated groups.The low-altitude group was pretreated with normal saline and housed at an altitude of 1500 m.Rats in the high-altitude group received similar pretreatment and were housed in a simulated hypobaric hypoxia chamber with an altitude of 6500 m and oxygen partial pressure of 7.7 kPa.hUC-MSC-treated rats were pretreated with hUC-MSCs and exposed to hypoxic conditions.Aortic blood was collected after three days to assess platelet counts and mor-phology andα-granule release.RESULTS Compared to the low-altitude group,the high-altitude group exhibited significantly higher platelet counts,plasma levels of von Willebrand factor,platelet factor 4,beta-thromboglobulin,as well as surface P-selectin(CD62p)and p-protein kinase B,p-mitogen-activated protein kinase,and p-extracellular-signal regulated kinase expression in platelets.Platelet morphology in the high-altitude group was irregular,with extended pseudopodia and increasedα-granule densities.However,these changes were not apparent in the hUC-MSC-treated group.CONCLUSION Acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxia increased platelet counts,altered platelet morphology,and increasedα-granule density and release.These effects were mitigated by hUC-MSC treatment,mediated by the protein kinase B/mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal regulated kinase pathway.The results indicate that hUC-MSCs may represent a promising and effective approach for the prevention and treatment of acute high-altitude-associated thrombosis,providing an experimental foundation for the development of clinical applications.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD2401301)the Special Financial Fund of Spawning Ground Survey in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,China(No.125C0505)。
文摘A comprehensive fishery-independent survey generally incorporates various specialized surveys and integrates different survey objectives to maximize benefits while accounting for cost limitations.It is important to evaluate the adaptability of the comprehensive survey for different taxon to get the optimal design.However,the validity and adaptability of ichthyoplankton sampling incorporated in a comprehensive fishery-independent survey program in estimating abundance of ichthyoplankton species is little known.This study included ichthyoplankton sampling in an integrated survey and assessed the appropriateness of survey design.The Kriging interpolation based on Gaussian models was used to estimate the values at unsurveyed locations based on the original ichthyoplankton survey data in the Haizhou Bay as the“true”values.The sampling performances of the ongoing stratified random sampling(StRS),simple random sampling(SRS),cluster sampling(CS),hexagonal systematic sampling(SYS h),and regular systematic sampling(SYS r)with different sample sizes in estimating ichthyoplankton abundance were compared in relative estimation error(REE),relative bias(RB),and coefficient of variation(CV)by computer simulation.The ongoing StRS performed better than CS and SRS,but not as good as the two systematic sampling methods,and the current sample size in StRS design was insufficient to estimate ichthyoplankton abundance.The average REE values(meanREE)were significantly smaller in two systematic sampling designs than those in other three sampling designs,and the two systematic sampling designs could maintain good inter-annual stability of sampling performances.It is suggested that incorporating ichthyoplankton survey directly into stratified random fishery-independent surveys could not achieve the desired level of accuracy for survey objectives,but the accuracy can be improved by setting additional stations.The assessment framework presented in this study serves as a reference for evaluating the adaptability of integrated surveys to different objectives in other waters.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870355,31960106).
文摘Diet and feeding behavior data are crucial to a deep understanding of the behavioral response and adaptation of primates to a high-altitude environment.From August 2019 to June 2021,we collected data on the feeding behavior of a high-altitude rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta group from Yajiang County,Western Sichuan Plateau,which has an altitude of over 3,500 m.The results showed that feeding(33.0±1.8%)and moving(28.3±2.6%)were the dominant behavior of rhesus macaques.Macaques ate 193 food items,comprising 11 food categories from 90 species.Our study found that plant roots(30.9±30.1%)and young leaves(28.0±33.1%)were the main foods eaten by macaques.The preferred foods of rhesus macaques were young leaves,fruits,and seeds,and the consumption of these items was positively correlated with its food availability.When the availability of preferred foods was low,macaques took plant roots,barks,and fallen leaves as fallback foods.In particular,roots were a dominant food item in winter,and this way of feeding became a key survival strategy.Our results suggest that,facing the relative scarcity and strong seasonal fluctuations of food resources in high-altitude habitat,macaques adopt active foraging strategies,relying on a variety of food species and adjusting flexibly their food choices based on food availability,which may help to maximize the energy efficiency of high-altitude macaques.
