Spaceborne optomechanical systems face the dual challenges of extreme thermal disturbances and millikelvin-level temperature control precision during orbital operations,demanding robust control strategies.To address t...Spaceborne optomechanical systems face the dual challenges of extreme thermal disturbances and millikelvin-level temperature control precision during orbital operations,demanding robust control strategies.To address the performance limitations of conventional fixed-parameter active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)under complex operating conditions,this work proposes a Qlearning-enhanced adaptive ADRC framework.A thermal-transfer model incorporating multisource disturbances(solar radiation,structural conduction,and contact thermal resistance)is established,coupled with a reinforcement learning-driven parameter optimization mechanism.The ε-greedy policy dynamically adjusts observer bandwidth(ω_(o)∈[0.01,0.2])and controller bandwidth(ω_(c)∈[0.01,0.1])to enable real-time estimation and compensation of total disturbances.Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements over fixed-parameter ADRC and a self-tuning internal model control proportional-integral(SIMC-PI)controller:31.3% and 15.4% reduction in settling time during setpoint responses,respectively;21.8% lower integral absolute error(IAE)than the fixed-parameter ADRC during setpoint step responses;12.7% and 52.5% enhancement in control precision over conventional fixed-parameter and SIMC-PI controllers,respectively,under±10 K periodic and step thermal disturbances.Monte Carlo robustness tests reveal smaller fluctuation ranges of IAE,settling time,and overshoot under±5% parameter perturbations.This methodology establishes a new paradigm for millikelvin-level thermal control in space optical payloads.展开更多
Maintaining stable high temperatures under pressure remains a challenge in high-pressure,high-temperature experiments using multi-anvil presses(MAPs).Temperature fluctuations exceeding 10℃ at high pressures are commo...Maintaining stable high temperatures under pressure remains a challenge in high-pressure,high-temperature experiments using multi-anvil presses(MAPs).Temperature fluctuations exceeding 10℃ at high pressures are common and particularly problematic with LaCrO_(3) heaters,which can experience significant power fluctuations and even failure due to substantial resistance changes—an issue conventional thyristorcontrolled heating systems cannot effectively manage.To address this limitation,we have developed the Multi-Anvil Stable Temperature controller(MASTer),a high-performance heating system optimized for MAP experiments.MASTer enables precise,high-speed measurement of heating parameters and power output control,incorporating a gentle regulation strategy to enhance stability.It ensures consistent heating across various heater types,including LaCrO_(3),with power fluctuations limited to±0.1 W and temperature fluctuations to within±2℃ in most cases.The design,operating principles,user interface,functionality,and performance of the heating system are discussed in detail.展开更多
Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a...Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a long-term stabilization of plugging agents.In this work,we developed an anti-hightemperature and high-salinity polymer gel(APG)with excellent resistance to high temperature(140℃)and ultra-high salinity(240000 mg/L).The rheology and microstructure of APG were characterized before and after gelation.Core plugging tests on fractured cubic cores were conducted to quantify the plugging performance of the gel system.Experimental results showed that the Sclerglucan and Cobalt(Ⅱ)Chloride Hexahydrate filled the three-dimensional(3-D)network with various morphologies,providing extra protection to the cross-linking points of the 3D network structure of APG and thus,leading to a prolongation of the dehydration time.The dehydration rate of APG was only 5%within 30days,and the strength of APG could be maintained at a rigid or near-rigid level over 150 days.Moreover,APG exhibited satisfactory shear and scour resistance.Core plugging tests showed that APG could achieve a plugging rate of 90%and demonstrate ignorable minor damage to the substrate.Our results indicate that APG can serve as a great candidate in channel plugging in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs where fractures are fully developed.展开更多
Using high aluminum refractory material as substrate at 1400℃, we studied the connections between several oxides such as Fe203, MnOv CuO, and the formation of defects such as coating crack, exfoliation, blistering, e...Using high aluminum refractory material as substrate at 1400℃, we studied the connections between several oxides such as Fe203, MnOv CuO, and the formation of defects such as coating crack, exfoliation, blistering, erosion, and fading away appeared in the application of high temperature infrared radiation coating. Analyses showed that thermal stress formed during the heating process due to the thermal expansion coefficient differential between the coating and the substrate, and volume effect caused by the crystal transferred when the temperature changed, which resulted in the coating crack and exfoliation. The gas produced by the reactions between components and binder or the components themselves during the heating process caused the coating blistering. The EMPA and XRD analyses show that oxides with low melting point in the penetrating area of the substrate may form eutectic with low melting point and produced thermal defects, which leads to the erosion by penetrating to the substrate. The valent changes of Fe2O3 and MnO2 during the heating process cause the volatilization of the oxides or the pulverization of the coatings, resulting in the coating fades away easily at high temperature for a long time.展开更多
After steam discharge in heavy oil reservoirs,the distribution of temperature,pressure,and permeability in different wells becomes irregular.Flow channels can easily be produced,which affect the sweep efficiency of th...After steam discharge in heavy oil reservoirs,the distribution of temperature,pressure,and permeability in different wells becomes irregular.Flow channels can easily be produced,which affect the sweep efficiency of the oil displacement.Previous studies have shown that the salting-out plugging method can effectively block these channels in high-temperature reservoirs,improve the suction profile,and increase oil production.In the present study,the optimal dosage of the plugging agent is determined taking into account connection transmissibility and inter-well volumes.Together with the connectivity model,a water flooding simulation model is introduced.Moreover,a non-gradient stochastic disturbance algorithm is used to obtain the optimal plugging agent dosage,which provides the basis for the high-temperature salting-out plugging agent adjustment in the field.展开更多
Small modular reactors(SMRs) are beneficial in providing electricity power safely and viable for specific applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety feature, the modular...Small modular reactors(SMRs) are beneficial in providing electricity power safely and viable for specific applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety feature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor(MHTGR) is considered as one of the best candidates for SMR-based nuclear power plants. Since its dynamics presents high nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty, it is necessary to develop adaptive power-level control, which is beneficial to safe, stable, and efficient operation of MHTGR and is easy to be implemented. In this paper, based on the physically-based control design approach, an adaptive outputfeedback power-level control is proposed for MHTGRs. This control can guarantee globally bounded closedloop stability and has a simple form. Numerical simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and satisfactory regulation performance of this control.展开更多
Based on the TK7 high-temperature tunnel kiln computer control system, this article describes the control line system, the automatic loop control which has been realized in firing zone temperature, inner and bottom pr...Based on the TK7 high-temperature tunnel kiln computer control system, this article describes the control line system, the automatic loop control which has been realized in firing zone temperature, inner and bottom pressure and flow, and logic control of kiln doors and pusher, etc. In addition, this system integrates the product information management system of magnesite brick and efficiently ensures the important process parameters. During three months performance of the control system, all parameters and energy consumption have turned out a good result.展开更多
In order to analyze the influence of the addition of yttrium and manganese on the soot combustion performance and high temperature stability of CeO_(2) catalyst,a series of Y/Mn-modified CeO_(2) catalysts were prepare...In order to analyze the influence of the addition of yttrium and manganese on the soot combustion performance and high temperature stability of CeO_(2) catalyst,a series of Y/Mn-modified CeO_(2) catalysts were prepared.The effects of structural properties,textural properties,oxygen vacancies,Ce^(3+),surface adsorbed oxygen species,reduction properties and desorption properties of oxygen species on the activity were analyzed by various characterization methods.The results of the activity test show that the addition of manganese is beneficial to enhancement of the activity,while the addition of yttrium increases the amount of reactive oxygen species,but decreases the activity.After aging at 700℃,the activity of the CeMn catalyst decreases most sharply,while the catalytic activity of the CeY catalyst can be maintained to a certain extent.Interestingly,the addition of yttrium and manganese at the same time can stabilize the activity.The fundamental reason is that yttrium and manganese move to the surface of the solid solution after aging,which increases the reduction performance of the catalyst,thus contributing to the increase of activity.Although the activity of CeYMn catalyst decreases after aging at 800℃,it is still higher than that of other catalysts aged at 700℃.展开更多
This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which ca...This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which can keep core stability and meet the space requirements for thermal hydraulics and neutronics measurements.Overall, objectives of the core include inherent safety and sufficient excess reactivity providing 120 effective full power days for experiments. Considering the requirements above, the reactive control system is designed to consist of 16 control rods distributed in the graphite reflector. Combining the large control rods worth about 18000–20000 pcm, molten salt drain supplementary means(-6980 to -3651 pcm) and negative temperature coefficient(-6.32 to -3.80 pcm/K) feedback of the whole core, the reactor can realize sufficient shutdown margin and safety under steady state. Besides, some main physical properties, such as reactivity control, neutron spectrum and flux, power density distribution, and reactivity coefficient,have been calculated and analyzed in this study. In addition, some special problems in molten salt coolant are also considered, including ~6Li depletion and tritium production.展开更多
The field of molecule magnets has advanced significantly in recent years.Yet,key challenges persist for their practical applications,such as achieving higher blocking temperatures and maintaining precise temperature c...The field of molecule magnets has advanced significantly in recent years.Yet,key challenges persist for their practical applications,such as achieving higher blocking temperatures and maintaining precise temperature control in air-stable magnets.This work addresses aspects related to both challenges.Thus,it presents the air-stable hexagonal bipyramidal compound{[Dy(L^(N6en))(OSiPh_(3))_(2)](BPh_(4))}·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)(1·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2))and its diluted analogue{[Dy_(0.1)Y_(0.9)(L^(N6en))(OSiPh_(3))_(2)](BPh_(4))}·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)(1@Y·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)).Their high axiality,achieved by reducing equatorial charge,enables magnetic behaviour with energy barriers higher than 1500 K and blocking temperatures based on hysteresis(T_(B)^(H))of 12 and 40 K,respectively.Hence,1@Y·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2) is the SMM with the highest T_(B)^(H) reported among air-stable uncapsulated molecule magnets.Besides,both complexes show temperature-dependent luminescence.Remarkably,1@Y·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2) stands out as the pioneering example of a bifunctional molecule magnet and luminescent thermometer with both functionalities active below its T_(B)^(H).This breakthrough makes it possible to monitor the temperature of a molecule in the range where it exhibits remanent magnetization for the first time.Moreover,this molecular material presents by far the best magnetic characteristics(U_(eff) and T_(B)^(H))of any SMM luminescent thermometer reported to date.Experimental magnetic and luminescent data are analysed using theoretical calculations.Notably,luminescence is interpreted via coupled cluster methods,offering a more sophisticated alternative to the traditional time-dependent DFT approach.展开更多
A new polymer system, referred to simply as the AP-P4 polymer system, aims at solving the problems of high temperature, high salinity and the poor shearing resistance, all of which are encountered by conventional ...A new polymer system, referred to simply as the AP-P4 polymer system, aims at solving the problems of high temperature, high salinity and the poor shearing resistance, all of which are encountered by conventional polymers (such as polyacrylamide) used in profile control, profile performance improvement and EOR operations in the Zhongyuan Oilfield, Sinopec. This system has been developed on the basis of the specific molecular structure and the better properties of high temperature resistance, high salinity resistance and strong shearing resistance of the new type of AP-P4 association polymer. Acidity modifying agents and cross-linking agents (MZ-YL, MZ-BE, MZ-XS), compatible with the new polymer system, are selected. Results of performance tests have shown that the new polymer system has excellent thickening, high temperature, high salinity and shearing resistance and anti-dehydrating properties. In 2003, it underwent its first pilot test in 26 wells in China, with remarkable effects in increasing oil production and decreasing water production. The newly developed polymer system and its application technology described in this paper may play a guiding role in polymer profile control operations in the oil reservoirs of high temperature and high salinity.展开更多
基金The National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3902902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52276003).
文摘Spaceborne optomechanical systems face the dual challenges of extreme thermal disturbances and millikelvin-level temperature control precision during orbital operations,demanding robust control strategies.To address the performance limitations of conventional fixed-parameter active disturbance rejection control(ADRC)under complex operating conditions,this work proposes a Qlearning-enhanced adaptive ADRC framework.A thermal-transfer model incorporating multisource disturbances(solar radiation,structural conduction,and contact thermal resistance)is established,coupled with a reinforcement learning-driven parameter optimization mechanism.The ε-greedy policy dynamically adjusts observer bandwidth(ω_(o)∈[0.01,0.2])and controller bandwidth(ω_(c)∈[0.01,0.1])to enable real-time estimation and compensation of total disturbances.Simulation results demonstrate significant improvements over fixed-parameter ADRC and a self-tuning internal model control proportional-integral(SIMC-PI)controller:31.3% and 15.4% reduction in settling time during setpoint responses,respectively;21.8% lower integral absolute error(IAE)than the fixed-parameter ADRC during setpoint step responses;12.7% and 52.5% enhancement in control precision over conventional fixed-parameter and SIMC-PI controllers,respectively,under±10 K periodic and step thermal disturbances.Monte Carlo robustness tests reveal smaller fluctuation ranges of IAE,settling time,and overshoot under±5% parameter perturbations.This methodology establishes a new paradigm for millikelvin-level thermal control in space optical payloads.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.T2225027)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1608902).
文摘Maintaining stable high temperatures under pressure remains a challenge in high-pressure,high-temperature experiments using multi-anvil presses(MAPs).Temperature fluctuations exceeding 10℃ at high pressures are common and particularly problematic with LaCrO_(3) heaters,which can experience significant power fluctuations and even failure due to substantial resistance changes—an issue conventional thyristorcontrolled heating systems cannot effectively manage.To address this limitation,we have developed the Multi-Anvil Stable Temperature controller(MASTer),a high-performance heating system optimized for MAP experiments.MASTer enables precise,high-speed measurement of heating parameters and power output control,incorporating a gentle regulation strategy to enhance stability.It ensures consistent heating across various heater types,including LaCrO_(3),with power fluctuations limited to±0.1 W and temperature fluctuations to within±2℃ in most cases.The design,operating principles,user interface,functionality,and performance of the heating system are discussed in detail.
基金financial support of the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462020XKBH013)The Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462017YJRC037)+1 种基金Sponsored by CNPC Innovation Found(Grant No.2021DQ02-0202)Horizontal project of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company(Grant No.202108ZB0046)are also significantly acknowledged
文摘Plugging agents have been widely used to enhance oil recovery in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs.However,the harsh conditions of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs yield a significant challenge in maintaining a long-term stabilization of plugging agents.In this work,we developed an anti-hightemperature and high-salinity polymer gel(APG)with excellent resistance to high temperature(140℃)and ultra-high salinity(240000 mg/L).The rheology and microstructure of APG were characterized before and after gelation.Core plugging tests on fractured cubic cores were conducted to quantify the plugging performance of the gel system.Experimental results showed that the Sclerglucan and Cobalt(Ⅱ)Chloride Hexahydrate filled the three-dimensional(3-D)network with various morphologies,providing extra protection to the cross-linking points of the 3D network structure of APG and thus,leading to a prolongation of the dehydration time.The dehydration rate of APG was only 5%within 30days,and the strength of APG could be maintained at a rigid or near-rigid level over 150 days.Moreover,APG exhibited satisfactory shear and scour resistance.Core plugging tests showed that APG could achieve a plugging rate of 90%and demonstrate ignorable minor damage to the substrate.Our results indicate that APG can serve as a great candidate in channel plugging in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs where fractures are fully developed.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51272195 and 51202175)the Research Funds for the Central Universities(2012-Ia-012,2012-IV-105,2013-ZD-4)
文摘Using high aluminum refractory material as substrate at 1400℃, we studied the connections between several oxides such as Fe203, MnOv CuO, and the formation of defects such as coating crack, exfoliation, blistering, erosion, and fading away appeared in the application of high temperature infrared radiation coating. Analyses showed that thermal stress formed during the heating process due to the thermal expansion coefficient differential between the coating and the substrate, and volume effect caused by the crystal transferred when the temperature changed, which resulted in the coating crack and exfoliation. The gas produced by the reactions between components and binder or the components themselves during the heating process caused the coating blistering. The EMPA and XRD analyses show that oxides with low melting point in the penetrating area of the substrate may form eutectic with low melting point and produced thermal defects, which leads to the erosion by penetrating to the substrate. The valent changes of Fe2O3 and MnO2 during the heating process cause the volatilization of the oxides or the pulverization of the coatings, resulting in the coating fades away easily at high temperature for a long time.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702304)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund(No.ZR2021QE260).
文摘After steam discharge in heavy oil reservoirs,the distribution of temperature,pressure,and permeability in different wells becomes irregular.Flow channels can easily be produced,which affect the sweep efficiency of the oil displacement.Previous studies have shown that the salting-out plugging method can effectively block these channels in high-temperature reservoirs,improve the suction profile,and increase oil production.In the present study,the optimal dosage of the plugging agent is determined taking into account connection transmissibility and inter-well volumes.Together with the connectivity model,a water flooding simulation model is introduced.Moreover,a non-gradient stochastic disturbance algorithm is used to obtain the optimal plugging agent dosage,which provides the basis for the high-temperature salting-out plugging agent adjustment in the field.
文摘Small modular reactors(SMRs) are beneficial in providing electricity power safely and viable for specific applications such as seawater desalination and heat production. Due to its inherent safety feature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor(MHTGR) is considered as one of the best candidates for SMR-based nuclear power plants. Since its dynamics presents high nonlinearity and parameter uncertainty, it is necessary to develop adaptive power-level control, which is beneficial to safe, stable, and efficient operation of MHTGR and is easy to be implemented. In this paper, based on the physically-based control design approach, an adaptive outputfeedback power-level control is proposed for MHTGRs. This control can guarantee globally bounded closedloop stability and has a simple form. Numerical simulation results show the correctness of the theoretical analysis and satisfactory regulation performance of this control.
文摘Based on the TK7 high-temperature tunnel kiln computer control system, this article describes the control line system, the automatic loop control which has been realized in firing zone temperature, inner and bottom pressure and flow, and logic control of kiln doors and pusher, etc. In addition, this system integrates the product information management system of magnesite brick and efficiently ensures the important process parameters. During three months performance of the control system, all parameters and energy consumption have turned out a good result.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21962021)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202001AU070121)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51908091)the Special Basic Cooperative Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Undergraduate Universities'Association(202101BA070001-084)。
文摘In order to analyze the influence of the addition of yttrium and manganese on the soot combustion performance and high temperature stability of CeO_(2) catalyst,a series of Y/Mn-modified CeO_(2) catalysts were prepared.The effects of structural properties,textural properties,oxygen vacancies,Ce^(3+),surface adsorbed oxygen species,reduction properties and desorption properties of oxygen species on the activity were analyzed by various characterization methods.The results of the activity test show that the addition of manganese is beneficial to enhancement of the activity,while the addition of yttrium increases the amount of reactive oxygen species,but decreases the activity.After aging at 700℃,the activity of the CeMn catalyst decreases most sharply,while the catalytic activity of the CeY catalyst can be maintained to a certain extent.Interestingly,the addition of yttrium and manganese at the same time can stabilize the activity.The fundamental reason is that yttrium and manganese move to the surface of the solid solution after aging,which increases the reduction performance of the catalyst,thus contributing to the increase of activity.Although the activity of CeYMn catalyst decreases after aging at 800℃,it is still higher than that of other catalysts aged at 700℃.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences TMSR Strategic Pioneer Science and Technology Project(No.XDA02010000)Thorium uranium fuel cycle characteristics and key problem research Project(No.QYZDY-SSW-JSC016)
文摘This paper presents a neutronics design of a 10 MW ordered-pebble-bed fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature experimental reactor. Through delicate layout, a core with ordered arranged pebble bed can be formed,which can keep core stability and meet the space requirements for thermal hydraulics and neutronics measurements.Overall, objectives of the core include inherent safety and sufficient excess reactivity providing 120 effective full power days for experiments. Considering the requirements above, the reactive control system is designed to consist of 16 control rods distributed in the graphite reflector. Combining the large control rods worth about 18000–20000 pcm, molten salt drain supplementary means(-6980 to -3651 pcm) and negative temperature coefficient(-6.32 to -3.80 pcm/K) feedback of the whole core, the reactor can realize sufficient shutdown margin and safety under steady state. Besides, some main physical properties, such as reactivity control, neutron spectrum and flux, power density distribution, and reactivity coefficient,have been calculated and analyzed in this study. In addition, some special problems in molten salt coolant are also considered, including ~6Li depletion and tritium production.
基金supported by Universidade de Santiago de Compostela(2024-PU027-1)Consellería de Cultura,Educación,Formación Profesional e Universidades,Xunta de Galicia(convenio 2023-1298)+3 种基金by Portuguese funds through the FCT/MCTES(PIDDAC)(UIDB/50011/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/50011/2020,UIDP/50011/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/50011/2020,and LA/P/0006/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0006/2020 projects of the CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials)by Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades(PID2021-122464NB-I00 and Maria de Maeztu CEX2021-001202-M).COST Action CA22131,supported by COST(European Cooperation in Science and Technology)Xunta de Galicia for his postdoctoral fellowship(ED481B-2022-068).the Generalitat de Catalunya for the 2021-SGR-00286 grantE.R.for an ICREA Academia grant.
文摘The field of molecule magnets has advanced significantly in recent years.Yet,key challenges persist for their practical applications,such as achieving higher blocking temperatures and maintaining precise temperature control in air-stable magnets.This work addresses aspects related to both challenges.Thus,it presents the air-stable hexagonal bipyramidal compound{[Dy(L^(N6en))(OSiPh_(3))_(2)](BPh_(4))}·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)(1·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2))and its diluted analogue{[Dy_(0.1)Y_(0.9)(L^(N6en))(OSiPh_(3))_(2)](BPh_(4))}·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)(1@Y·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)).Their high axiality,achieved by reducing equatorial charge,enables magnetic behaviour with energy barriers higher than 1500 K and blocking temperatures based on hysteresis(T_(B)^(H))of 12 and 40 K,respectively.Hence,1@Y·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2) is the SMM with the highest T_(B)^(H) reported among air-stable uncapsulated molecule magnets.Besides,both complexes show temperature-dependent luminescence.Remarkably,1@Y·1.5CH_(2)Cl_(2) stands out as the pioneering example of a bifunctional molecule magnet and luminescent thermometer with both functionalities active below its T_(B)^(H).This breakthrough makes it possible to monitor the temperature of a molecule in the range where it exhibits remanent magnetization for the first time.Moreover,this molecular material presents by far the best magnetic characteristics(U_(eff) and T_(B)^(H))of any SMM luminescent thermometer reported to date.Experimental magnetic and luminescent data are analysed using theoretical calculations.Notably,luminescence is interpreted via coupled cluster methods,offering a more sophisticated alternative to the traditional time-dependent DFT approach.
文摘A new polymer system, referred to simply as the AP-P4 polymer system, aims at solving the problems of high temperature, high salinity and the poor shearing resistance, all of which are encountered by conventional polymers (such as polyacrylamide) used in profile control, profile performance improvement and EOR operations in the Zhongyuan Oilfield, Sinopec. This system has been developed on the basis of the specific molecular structure and the better properties of high temperature resistance, high salinity resistance and strong shearing resistance of the new type of AP-P4 association polymer. Acidity modifying agents and cross-linking agents (MZ-YL, MZ-BE, MZ-XS), compatible with the new polymer system, are selected. Results of performance tests have shown that the new polymer system has excellent thickening, high temperature, high salinity and shearing resistance and anti-dehydrating properties. In 2003, it underwent its first pilot test in 26 wells in China, with remarkable effects in increasing oil production and decreasing water production. The newly developed polymer system and its application technology described in this paper may play a guiding role in polymer profile control operations in the oil reservoirs of high temperature and high salinity.
