How to reduce peanut allergies has always been a main food safety concern.Plant polyphenol complex peanut sensitizing protein was proposed as a new desensitization strategy.Gallic acid(GA),as a natural plant polypheno...How to reduce peanut allergies has always been a main food safety concern.Plant polyphenol complex peanut sensitizing protein was proposed as a new desensitization strategy.Gallic acid(GA),as a natural plant polyphenol,has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GA on peanut protein(PP)sensitization under high moisture extrusion conditions.The contents of free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in the PP-GA complex were determined,and the structure of the complex was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that with increasing GA content,the number of free sulfhydryl groups increased while the number of disulfide bonds decreased.The secondary structure of PP-GA showed that the random coils andβ-turns were transformed toα-helices andβ-sheets.A BALB/c mouse model was also established,wherein Al(OH)3 was used as an adjuvant when the complex was administered via intraperitoneal injection,and the mice showed mild allergic symptoms and a decreased immune organ index.In addition,the serum levels of specific antibodies(immunoglobulin E(IgE),immunoglobulin G1(IgG1),and immunoglobulin G2a(IgG2a)),cytokines(interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ))and histamine were reduced.In summary,this study proved that GA can relieve the sensitization of PP induced by high moisture extrusion.展开更多
To solve the problems of high moisture content,high viscosity,and poor engineering mechanical properties of soil,this paper using with steel slag(SS)and desulfurization ash(DS)as initial raw materials,realizing the co...To solve the problems of high moisture content,high viscosity,and poor engineering mechanical properties of soil,this paper using with steel slag(SS)and desulfurization ash(DS)as initial raw materials,realizing the coop-erative treatment of solid waste and solidification of silt soil.The synergistic utilization of SS and DS can reduce the production cost of curing agent and promote its own consumption.According to blended cement of various SS contents and inspected compressive strength performances,the most suitable raw materials ratio was selected.The best formula for this curing agent is cement:steel slag=3:7 with 5%DS,and its 28-day compressive strength can reach 30 MPa.The experiment shows that the effect of DS and Na_(2)SO_(4) reagent with the same quality on early compressive strength improvement of cement and SS system is not much different.In this study,the mineral composition and microstructure of different gel system blocks were characterized by XRD,SEM and EDX,and a large number of webbed structures were found in the SEM test,which was not seen in previous studies.Besides,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),water resistance,and toxic characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)were used to evaluate silt solidified soil properties.The results demonstrated that the solidified silt could meet not only the standard of general subgrade;but also has a partial stabilization effect of heavy metal ions.展开更多
Densified products produced from pellet mill are commercially used as a commodity type product for energy applications that are transported nationally and internationally.The quality of the pelletized biomass produce...Densified products produced from pellet mill are commercially used as a commodity type product for energy applications that are transported nationally and internationally.The quality of the pelletized biomass produced depends on the process variables such as die diameter,length to diameter(L/D)ratio,die speed,preheating,and steam conditioning;and feedstock variables such as feedstock type,moisture content,and particle size and shape.In the present study,pelleting tests were conducted with both woody(i.e.,lodgepole pine and pinyon-juniper)and herbaceous(i.e.,corn stover,wheat straw,and energy sorghum)biomass.A high level of feedstock moisture content of 33%(w.b.)was selected,while the die speed and preheating temperature process variables were kept at 60 Hz(380 rpm)and 70C.Results indicated that during the pelleting and cooling process,an approximate 10–13%(w.b.)moisture loss in both the woody and herbaceous biomass was observed.The high moisture pellets produced were further dried in a laboratory oven at 70C for three hours to reduce the moisture content of the pellets to<10%(w.b).The dried pellets were then evaluated further for other quality attributes including unit,bulk,and tapped density;and durability.The pellets that resulted in the highest unit,bulk,and tapped densities following this process were the herbaceous biomass corn stover(e.g.,>1133,>580,>620 kg/m3)and the woody biomass lodgepole pine(e.g.,>1037,>568,>641 kg/m3),respectively.In the case of durability for the 8 mm diameter pellets,wheat straw and corn stover recorded a maximum of about 96%,respectively,while the lodgepole pine and pinion juniper recorded a maximum of>96%,respectively.展开更多
The Nusselt number for cross flow of a mixture of air and vapor over a cylinder was measured at moderate Reynolds numbers (30007000) for temperatures from 300℃ to 700℃ and for vapor mass fractions of 0.180.35. Resu...The Nusselt number for cross flow of a mixture of air and vapor over a cylinder was measured at moderate Reynolds numbers (30007000) for temperatures from 300℃ to 700℃ and for vapor mass fractions of 0.180.35. Results are also presented for a set of three cylinders aligned perpendicular to the flow for the same range of conditions. The effect of the vapor concentration and temperature on the convection coefficients was investigated to develop a modified Zhukauskas correlation. The results show that the Nusselt number increases as the moisture content increases and that the increase is more than could be accounted for by typical models for the property variations of mixtures. The exponent of the vapor concentration term in the modified correlation is 0.145 for the entire data set indicating the importance of the property variation due to the moisture content.展开更多
Soil moisture plays an important role in crop yield estimation,irrigation management,etc.Remote sensing technology has potential for large-scale and high spatial soil moisture mapping.However,offline remote sensing da...Soil moisture plays an important role in crop yield estimation,irrigation management,etc.Remote sensing technology has potential for large-scale and high spatial soil moisture mapping.However,offline remote sensing data processing is time-consuming and resource-intensive,and significantly hampers the efficiency and timeliness of soil moisture mapping.Due to the high-speed computing capabilities of remote sensing cloud platforms,a High Spatial Resolution Soil Moisture Estimation Framework(HSRSMEF)based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform was developed in this study.The functions of the HSRSMEF include research area and input datasets customization,radar speckle noise filtering,optical-radar image spatio-temporal matching,soil moisture retrieving,soil moisture visualization and exporting.This paper tested the performance of HSRSMEF by combining Sentinel-1,Sentinel-2 images and insitu soil moisture data in the central farmland area of Jilin Province,China.Reconstructed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)based on the Savitzky-Golay algorithm conforms to the crop growth cycle,and its correlation with the original NDVI is about 0.99(P<0.001).The soil moisture accuracy of the random forest model(R 2=0.942,RMSE=0.013 m3/m3)is better than that of the water cloud model(R 2=0.334,RMSE=0.091 m3/m3).HSRSMEF transfers time-consuming offline operations to cloud computing platforms,achieving rapid and simplified high spatial resolution soil moisture mapping.展开更多
Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand,thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China.Five high-olei...Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand,thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China.Five high-oleic(HO)peanut cultivars and 4 seed dressing treatments capable of controlling several diseases and insect pests along with untreated checks were used to find the best combinations to cope with the dual stresses during sowing to emergence period.High broad-sense hereditability estimates of seedling emergence indicated great potential for genetic improvement of this trait.Analysis of variance in the split-plot experiment showed that the main effects of variety and seed dressing and their interaction on seedling emergence were significant.Seed dressing treatments increased seedling emergence percentage by 2.09–35.00 percent points.Four of the 5 HO peanut cultivars yielded satisfactory results.For Huayu 665,Huayu 668 and Huayu 965,Huweisanbao may be the best option;for Huayu 962,Weilidan was highly acceptable.These combinations will be evaluated further in multiple environments before large-scale extension.展开更多
The effect of moisture content upon compressive mechanical behavior of concrete under impact loading was studied. The axial rapid compressive loading tests of over 50 specimens with five different saturations were exe...The effect of moisture content upon compressive mechanical behavior of concrete under impact loading was studied. The axial rapid compressive loading tests of over 50 specimens with five different saturations were executed. The technique "split Hopkinson pressure bar"(SHPB) was used. The impact velocity was 10 m/s with corresponding strain rate of 50 s-1. The compressive behavior of materials was measured in terms of stress-strain curves, dynamic compressive strength, dynamic increase factor(DIF) and critical strain at a maximum stress. The data obtained from test indicate that both ascending and descending portions of stress-stain curves are affected by moisture content. However, the effect is noted to be more significant in ascending portion of the stress-strain curves. Dynamic compressive strength is higher at lower moisture content and weaker at higher moisture content.Furthermore, under nearly saturated condition, an increase in compressive strength can be found. The effect of moisture content on the average DIF of concrete is not significant. The critical compressive strain of concrete does not change with moisture content.展开更多
In this study,we investigated the effect of high-solubility wheat gluten proteins(hs-WGP) prepared by pH-cycle treatment on soybean isolate-based extrudates.The results showed that the addition of hs-WGP can improve t...In this study,we investigated the effect of high-solubility wheat gluten proteins(hs-WGP) prepared by pH-cycle treatment on soybean isolate-based extrudates.The results showed that the addition of hs-WGP can improve textural properties of soybean isolate-based extrudate via regulating the hardness to appropriate range.At molecular level,it was further found that the hs-WGP was cross-linked with soy protein isolate mainly through hydrogen bonding and disulfide bonding,and the spherical protein of soy protein isolate was wrapped by the hs-WGP,which weakened the thermal unfolding of globular proteins during heating process,reduced the degree of heat-curing gel,resulted in a reduction in hardness.In addition,hs-WGP/soybean protein composite extrudates possessed a more balanced amino acid composition,which have a positive impact on meat analogues at the nutritional level.展开更多
Eucalyptus nitens(E.nitens)has been much used for producing paper but also shows promise for structural applications.In this study,static compressive tests were undertaken to examine its suitability to be used in an i...Eucalyptus nitens(E.nitens)has been much used for producing paper but also shows promise for structural applications.In this study,static compressive tests were undertaken to examine its suitability to be used in an innovative composite column.The composite column was comprised of a rectangular steel tube with E.nitens timber infill.The nonlinear compressive behaviour of the composite column filled with E.nitens wood for both dry and wet conditions was examined.The same tests on rectangular steel tubes and bare dry and wet E.nitens samples were also undertaken as a comparison.For samples with different conditions,the ultimate capacity was evaluated and the effect of each condition on the compressive behaviour of the composite column was clarified.The steel tubes showed greater ductile behaviour,and more ductility was found in the wet samples.The steel tubes with E.nitens timber infill samples exhibited a greater linear elastic range connected with higher maximum loads,while the bare timber samples could support only lower maximum loads.The results from this research were promising for the use of rectangular steel tubes with E.nitens timber infill in structural applications.展开更多
Ge-Modified GaN–ZnO wurtzite solid solutions have been synthesized via moisture-assisted high temperature ammonolysis with very high Zn content(Zn/(Zn+Ga+Ge)>0.61).A new intermediate,Zn_(2)GeO_(4),has been identif...Ge-Modified GaN–ZnO wurtzite solid solutions have been synthesized via moisture-assisted high temperature ammonolysis with very high Zn content(Zn/(Zn+Ga+Ge)>0.61).A new intermediate,Zn_(2)GeO_(4),has been identified during the synthesis,which breaks the limit imposed by the ZnGa_(2)O_(4)intermediate on the Zn content.AQE as high as 10.8%at 420±20 nm has been achieved for H_(2)liberation from water.展开更多
This research focused the impact of the variation in insoluble soy protein isolate(ISPI)and soluble soy protein isolate(SSPI)contents on the rheological properties of highly-concentrated SPI during extrusion-like cond...This research focused the impact of the variation in insoluble soy protein isolate(ISPI)and soluble soy protein isolate(SSPI)contents on the rheological properties of highly-concentrated SPI during extrusion-like conditions and the physiochemical,mechanical,and morphological characteristics of its extrudates.Results showed that increased ISPI content could resist great shear forces and increase the viscoelasticity of SPI samples.In addition,the increase of ISPI content in SPI samples also contributed to enhance the tensile strength and mechanical anisotropy,further created a distinct fibrous structures of extrudates.While higher SSPI content can form heat-induced reverseble aggregates via hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bonds,reduce the water mobility and facilitate the formation of a more uniform protein-water phase.The differences in solubility revealed the dominance of non-covalent bonds in ISS-40 extrudate(100%ISPI)and highlighted the important role of disulfide bonds in ISS-04 extrudate(100%SSPI).Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the contrasting behavior of ISPI and SSPI under thermomechanical treatment.These insights explore the formation of protein multiphase system structures and offer valuable guidance for developing meat analogue products.展开更多
A comparison of traditional and mobile wood pellet mills found that mobile systems had higher production costs. Wildfire suppression costs have consistently exceeded British Columbia’s budget set for such activities....A comparison of traditional and mobile wood pellet mills found that mobile systems had higher production costs. Wildfire suppression costs have consistently exceeded British Columbia’s budget set for such activities. Pelletization of excess wood for bioenergy applications has been proposed as a possible method of reducing <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">overall costs of fighting wildfires. In this study, a traditional pellet mill produces wood pellets from new, marginal feedstocks for </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">$182.24 ± 24.47 <img src="Edit_d2ccd1a0-3146-4307-9d2c-c219b1fbd524.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a mobile pellet production system produces</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> wood pellets for $402.71 ± 24.18 <img src="Edit_dd2c0b1a-1b51-4acd-9013-f6243d18c5ac.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The traditional pellet mill produces 90,000 <img src="Edit_82be9bb7-60eb-4878-8507-f2776d83c8a2.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with harvest residues being collected in the forest, transported to the pellet mill, dried, chipped, pelletized and then stored. The mobile system collects harvest residues from the forest, transports </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">them </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to the forest landing where the trailer</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mounted mobile pellet system is established and is then ground, pelletized and dried if needed. The mobile system uses a novel high moisture pelletization system and harvest residues to heat the biomass dryer used in the system. The mobile pellet system requires 22 systems to produce 90,000 <img src="Edit_844b8ff4-4711-40b3-8c57-3ab0698cbf88.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and each system should relocate 9 times in a year to minimize production costs related to feedstock quality and scarcity. These mobile pellet systems can allow increased forest management in forest areas at high risk for wildfires and reduce the cost of suppressing wildfires in treated areas.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
This paper analyzes the implications on employment, taxation, and wildfire fuel reduction costs when using mobile pellet mills to remove biomass and <span style="font-family:Verdana;">reduce wildfire f...This paper analyzes the implications on employment, taxation, and wildfire fuel reduction costs when using mobile pellet mills to remove biomass and <span style="font-family:Verdana;">reduce wildfire fuels. Wildfire suppression costs in British Columbia hav</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e exceeded the set budget in 9 of the last 10 years and the province has only reduced the fuel load on a fraction of the high-risk hectares. Using a novel high-moisture mobile pellet mill allows the production of 89,000 tonnes of wood pellets each year for a price of $293 <img src="Edit_1733c4c4-fb86-4547-b5bd-749e94873516.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Each tonne produced also provides $546 <img src="Edit_af634406-31e8-442c-baf8-b48928050931.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in additional benefits from employment, taxation, and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reductions in the cost to perform fuel treatments. The presented research</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> found that 11 employees are needed to operate a mobile pellet mill, with total employment of 242 for 22 systems across BC. The assessed system can also avoid $5.5 million in employment insurance payments. The 22 systems also provide $323,000 in taxable profits and $524,000 from income taxes from employees. Fuel treatment with the researched systems costs $1112 <img src="Edit_135d6ab7-4f3a-41dd-ba91-2d0d66933731.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. A </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benefit analysis shows that the system provides $2.97 in benefits for</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> every dollar invested.</span></span>展开更多
To make up for the gap in the research on high water content maize threshing by airflow,this study took high-speed,low flow,low-speed high flow airflow,and high water content maize ear as the research basis.The variat...To make up for the gap in the research on high water content maize threshing by airflow,this study took high-speed,low flow,low-speed high flow airflow,and high water content maize ear as the research basis.The variation of air flow impacted threshing in numerical simulation,and the variation process of smoke visualization in the threshing area was compared.Taking the maize ear direction,the angle between the maize ear and the air pipe,the diameter of the air pipe,and the flow rate of the air compressor as factors,single-factor and quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination tests were carried out,and the parameters were optimized.Finally,high-speed photography was used to shoot the maize kernels’shelling process,and movement rules were analyzed from both the front and side views.The results showed that the velocity changes of each section under the numerical simulation are consistent with the flow state changes of smoke.The velocity reached its maximum on the circumference of the maize ear surface and presented a symmetrical distribution.Due to the velocity gradient and pressure gradient difference,the high-speed airflow would entrain the phenomena of the low-speed airflow.When the transverse maize ear,the angle between the maize and the airflow tube)was 45°,the diameter of the airflow tube was 7 mm,the flow rate of the airflow tube was 33 m/s,the loose amount was 10 pieces,the threshed amount was 15 pieces,and the damage rate was below 3%.Through high-speed photography,it was found that the cyclic force circle was destroyed after the maize kernel fell off,the motion of the removed maize kernel was similar to the oblique throwing motion,and the threshing process was carried out in the unit of“arrangement unit”.The threshing process followed the“arrangement law”,and the threshing track was“spiral”.The results of this research can provide ideas for the mechanical design and development of high-moisture-content maize threshing by air.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32072139)Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation Project(2022-MS-307).
文摘How to reduce peanut allergies has always been a main food safety concern.Plant polyphenol complex peanut sensitizing protein was proposed as a new desensitization strategy.Gallic acid(GA),as a natural plant polyphenol,has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GA on peanut protein(PP)sensitization under high moisture extrusion conditions.The contents of free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in the PP-GA complex were determined,and the structure of the complex was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that with increasing GA content,the number of free sulfhydryl groups increased while the number of disulfide bonds decreased.The secondary structure of PP-GA showed that the random coils andβ-turns were transformed toα-helices andβ-sheets.A BALB/c mouse model was also established,wherein Al(OH)3 was used as an adjuvant when the complex was administered via intraperitoneal injection,and the mice showed mild allergic symptoms and a decreased immune organ index.In addition,the serum levels of specific antibodies(immunoglobulin E(IgE),immunoglobulin G1(IgG1),and immunoglobulin G2a(IgG2a)),cytokines(interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ))and histamine were reduced.In summary,this study proved that GA can relieve the sensitization of PP induced by high moisture extrusion.
基金Funding from the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key Research and Development Program(Social Development)(Grant No.BE2018697)the Demonstration Engineering Technology Research Center of Suqian Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.M201912)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Department Social Development Project(Grant No.BE2017704)a Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘To solve the problems of high moisture content,high viscosity,and poor engineering mechanical properties of soil,this paper using with steel slag(SS)and desulfurization ash(DS)as initial raw materials,realizing the coop-erative treatment of solid waste and solidification of silt soil.The synergistic utilization of SS and DS can reduce the production cost of curing agent and promote its own consumption.According to blended cement of various SS contents and inspected compressive strength performances,the most suitable raw materials ratio was selected.The best formula for this curing agent is cement:steel slag=3:7 with 5%DS,and its 28-day compressive strength can reach 30 MPa.The experiment shows that the effect of DS and Na_(2)SO_(4) reagent with the same quality on early compressive strength improvement of cement and SS system is not much different.In this study,the mineral composition and microstructure of different gel system blocks were characterized by XRD,SEM and EDX,and a large number of webbed structures were found in the SEM test,which was not seen in previous studies.Besides,unconfined compressive strength(UCS),water resistance,and toxic characteristic leaching procedure(TCLP)were used to evaluate silt solidified soil properties.The results demonstrated that the solidified silt could meet not only the standard of general subgrade;but also has a partial stabilization effect of heavy metal ions.
基金the U.S.Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE-AC07-05ID14517。
文摘Densified products produced from pellet mill are commercially used as a commodity type product for energy applications that are transported nationally and internationally.The quality of the pelletized biomass produced depends on the process variables such as die diameter,length to diameter(L/D)ratio,die speed,preheating,and steam conditioning;and feedstock variables such as feedstock type,moisture content,and particle size and shape.In the present study,pelleting tests were conducted with both woody(i.e.,lodgepole pine and pinyon-juniper)and herbaceous(i.e.,corn stover,wheat straw,and energy sorghum)biomass.A high level of feedstock moisture content of 33%(w.b.)was selected,while the die speed and preheating temperature process variables were kept at 60 Hz(380 rpm)and 70C.Results indicated that during the pelleting and cooling process,an approximate 10–13%(w.b.)moisture loss in both the woody and herbaceous biomass was observed.The high moisture pellets produced were further dried in a laboratory oven at 70C for three hours to reduce the moisture content of the pellets to<10%(w.b).The dried pellets were then evaluated further for other quality attributes including unit,bulk,and tapped density;and durability.The pellets that resulted in the highest unit,bulk,and tapped densities following this process were the herbaceous biomass corn stover(e.g.,>1133,>580,>620 kg/m3)and the woody biomass lodgepole pine(e.g.,>1037,>568,>641 kg/m3),respectively.In the case of durability for the 8 mm diameter pellets,wheat straw and corn stover recorded a maximum of about 96%,respectively,while the lodgepole pine and pinion juniper recorded a maximum of>96%,respectively.
基金Supported by the Beijing Science and Technology Com -m ittee(No. 984 0 6 2 6 0 0)
文摘The Nusselt number for cross flow of a mixture of air and vapor over a cylinder was measured at moderate Reynolds numbers (30007000) for temperatures from 300℃ to 700℃ and for vapor mass fractions of 0.180.35. Results are also presented for a set of three cylinders aligned perpendicular to the flow for the same range of conditions. The effect of the vapor concentration and temperature on the convection coefficients was investigated to develop a modified Zhukauskas correlation. The results show that the Nusselt number increases as the moisture content increases and that the increase is more than could be accounted for by typical models for the property variations of mixtures. The exponent of the vapor concentration term in the modified correlation is 0.145 for the entire data set indicating the importance of the property variation due to the moisture content.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2021YFD1500103)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA28100500)+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4197132)Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province(No.20210201044GX)Land Observation Satellite Supporting Platform of National Civil Space Infrastructure Project(No.CASPLOS-CCSI)。
文摘Soil moisture plays an important role in crop yield estimation,irrigation management,etc.Remote sensing technology has potential for large-scale and high spatial soil moisture mapping.However,offline remote sensing data processing is time-consuming and resource-intensive,and significantly hampers the efficiency and timeliness of soil moisture mapping.Due to the high-speed computing capabilities of remote sensing cloud platforms,a High Spatial Resolution Soil Moisture Estimation Framework(HSRSMEF)based on the Google Earth Engine(GEE)platform was developed in this study.The functions of the HSRSMEF include research area and input datasets customization,radar speckle noise filtering,optical-radar image spatio-temporal matching,soil moisture retrieving,soil moisture visualization and exporting.This paper tested the performance of HSRSMEF by combining Sentinel-1,Sentinel-2 images and insitu soil moisture data in the central farmland area of Jilin Province,China.Reconstructed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)based on the Savitzky-Golay algorithm conforms to the crop growth cycle,and its correlation with the original NDVI is about 0.99(P<0.001).The soil moisture accuracy of the random forest model(R 2=0.942,RMSE=0.013 m3/m3)is better than that of the water cloud model(R 2=0.334,RMSE=0.091 m3/m3).HSRSMEF transfers time-consuming offline operations to cloud computing platforms,achieving rapid and simplified high spatial resolution soil moisture mapping.
基金the financial support from Taishan Industry Leading Talents Special Fund(LJNY201808)Yantai Science and Technology Plan Project(2020XCZX046)+2 种基金Agricultural scientific and technological innovation project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2021A46,CXGC2021A09)Corps Science and Technology Development Special Promotion Achievement Transformation Guidance Plan(2018BCE012)China Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-13).
文摘Low temperature coupled with high soil moisture during sowing to emergence generally results in poor peanut stand,thereby posing a non-negligible threat to peanut production in north and northeast China.Five high-oleic(HO)peanut cultivars and 4 seed dressing treatments capable of controlling several diseases and insect pests along with untreated checks were used to find the best combinations to cope with the dual stresses during sowing to emergence period.High broad-sense hereditability estimates of seedling emergence indicated great potential for genetic improvement of this trait.Analysis of variance in the split-plot experiment showed that the main effects of variety and seed dressing and their interaction on seedling emergence were significant.Seed dressing treatments increased seedling emergence percentage by 2.09–35.00 percent points.Four of the 5 HO peanut cultivars yielded satisfactory results.For Huayu 665,Huayu 668 and Huayu 965,Huweisanbao may be the best option;for Huayu 962,Weilidan was highly acceptable.These combinations will be evaluated further in multiple environments before large-scale extension.
基金Project(50979032)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The effect of moisture content upon compressive mechanical behavior of concrete under impact loading was studied. The axial rapid compressive loading tests of over 50 specimens with five different saturations were executed. The technique "split Hopkinson pressure bar"(SHPB) was used. The impact velocity was 10 m/s with corresponding strain rate of 50 s-1. The compressive behavior of materials was measured in terms of stress-strain curves, dynamic compressive strength, dynamic increase factor(DIF) and critical strain at a maximum stress. The data obtained from test indicate that both ascending and descending portions of stress-stain curves are affected by moisture content. However, the effect is noted to be more significant in ascending portion of the stress-strain curves. Dynamic compressive strength is higher at lower moisture content and weaker at higher moisture content.Furthermore, under nearly saturated condition, an increase in compressive strength can be found. The effect of moisture content on the average DIF of concrete is not significant. The critical compressive strain of concrete does not change with moisture content.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFF1103404)the Key Research & Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2022NY-010)。
文摘In this study,we investigated the effect of high-solubility wheat gluten proteins(hs-WGP) prepared by pH-cycle treatment on soybean isolate-based extrudates.The results showed that the addition of hs-WGP can improve textural properties of soybean isolate-based extrudate via regulating the hardness to appropriate range.At molecular level,it was further found that the hs-WGP was cross-linked with soy protein isolate mainly through hydrogen bonding and disulfide bonding,and the spherical protein of soy protein isolate was wrapped by the hs-WGP,which weakened the thermal unfolding of globular proteins during heating process,reduced the degree of heat-curing gel,resulted in a reduction in hardness.In addition,hs-WGP/soybean protein composite extrudates possessed a more balanced amino acid composition,which have a positive impact on meat analogues at the nutritional level.
文摘Eucalyptus nitens(E.nitens)has been much used for producing paper but also shows promise for structural applications.In this study,static compressive tests were undertaken to examine its suitability to be used in an innovative composite column.The composite column was comprised of a rectangular steel tube with E.nitens timber infill.The nonlinear compressive behaviour of the composite column filled with E.nitens wood for both dry and wet conditions was examined.The same tests on rectangular steel tubes and bare dry and wet E.nitens samples were also undertaken as a comparison.For samples with different conditions,the ultimate capacity was evaluated and the effect of each condition on the compressive behaviour of the composite column was clarified.The steel tubes showed greater ductile behaviour,and more ductility was found in the wet samples.The steel tubes with E.nitens timber infill samples exhibited a greater linear elastic range connected with higher maximum loads,while the bare timber samples could support only lower maximum loads.The results from this research were promising for the use of rectangular steel tubes with E.nitens timber infill in structural applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51972233)and Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.19ZR1459200)for fundingsupported by Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(14DZ2261100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Ge-Modified GaN–ZnO wurtzite solid solutions have been synthesized via moisture-assisted high temperature ammonolysis with very high Zn content(Zn/(Zn+Ga+Ge)>0.61).A new intermediate,Zn_(2)GeO_(4),has been identified during the synthesis,which breaks the limit imposed by the ZnGa_(2)O_(4)intermediate on the Zn content.AQE as high as 10.8%at 420±20 nm has been achieved for H_(2)liberation from water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(No.2021YFC2101402 and No.2023YFD210070202)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32202081).
文摘This research focused the impact of the variation in insoluble soy protein isolate(ISPI)and soluble soy protein isolate(SSPI)contents on the rheological properties of highly-concentrated SPI during extrusion-like conditions and the physiochemical,mechanical,and morphological characteristics of its extrudates.Results showed that increased ISPI content could resist great shear forces and increase the viscoelasticity of SPI samples.In addition,the increase of ISPI content in SPI samples also contributed to enhance the tensile strength and mechanical anisotropy,further created a distinct fibrous structures of extrudates.While higher SSPI content can form heat-induced reverseble aggregates via hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bonds,reduce the water mobility and facilitate the formation of a more uniform protein-water phase.The differences in solubility revealed the dominance of non-covalent bonds in ISS-40 extrudate(100%ISPI)and highlighted the important role of disulfide bonds in ISS-04 extrudate(100%SSPI).Possible mechanisms are proposed to explain the contrasting behavior of ISPI and SSPI under thermomechanical treatment.These insights explore the formation of protein multiphase system structures and offer valuable guidance for developing meat analogue products.
文摘A comparison of traditional and mobile wood pellet mills found that mobile systems had higher production costs. Wildfire suppression costs have consistently exceeded British Columbia’s budget set for such activities. Pelletization of excess wood for bioenergy applications has been proposed as a possible method of reducing <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">overall costs of fighting wildfires. In this study, a traditional pellet mill produces wood pellets from new, marginal feedstocks for </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">$182.24 ± 24.47 <img src="Edit_d2ccd1a0-3146-4307-9d2c-c219b1fbd524.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and a mobile pellet production system produces</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> wood pellets for $402.71 ± 24.18 <img src="Edit_dd2c0b1a-1b51-4acd-9013-f6243d18c5ac.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The traditional pellet mill produces 90,000 <img src="Edit_82be9bb7-60eb-4878-8507-f2776d83c8a2.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with harvest residues being collected in the forest, transported to the pellet mill, dried, chipped, pelletized and then stored. The mobile system collects harvest residues from the forest, transports </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">them </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to the forest landing where the trailer</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mounted mobile pellet system is established and is then ground, pelletized and dried if needed. The mobile system uses a novel high moisture pelletization system and harvest residues to heat the biomass dryer used in the system. The mobile pellet system requires 22 systems to produce 90,000 <img src="Edit_844b8ff4-4711-40b3-8c57-3ab0698cbf88.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and each system should relocate 9 times in a year to minimize production costs related to feedstock quality and scarcity. These mobile pellet systems can allow increased forest management in forest areas at high risk for wildfires and reduce the cost of suppressing wildfires in treated areas.</span></span></span></span>
文摘This paper analyzes the implications on employment, taxation, and wildfire fuel reduction costs when using mobile pellet mills to remove biomass and <span style="font-family:Verdana;">reduce wildfire fuels. Wildfire suppression costs in British Columbia hav</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e exceeded the set budget in 9 of the last 10 years and the province has only reduced the fuel load on a fraction of the high-risk hectares. Using a novel high-moisture mobile pellet mill allows the production of 89,000 tonnes of wood pellets each year for a price of $293 <img src="Edit_1733c4c4-fb86-4547-b5bd-749e94873516.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Each tonne produced also provides $546 <img src="Edit_af634406-31e8-442c-baf8-b48928050931.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in additional benefits from employment, taxation, and </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reductions in the cost to perform fuel treatments. The presented research</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> found that 11 employees are needed to operate a mobile pellet mill, with total employment of 242 for 22 systems across BC. The assessed system can also avoid $5.5 million in employment insurance payments. The 22 systems also provide $323,000 in taxable profits and $524,000 from income taxes from employees. Fuel treatment with the researched systems costs $1112 <img src="Edit_135d6ab7-4f3a-41dd-ba91-2d0d66933731.png" alt="" /></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. A </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cost</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benefit analysis shows that the system provides $2.97 in benefits for</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> every dollar invested.</span></span>
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275245)the Henan Science and Technology Research Project(Grant No.222103810041)。
文摘To make up for the gap in the research on high water content maize threshing by airflow,this study took high-speed,low flow,low-speed high flow airflow,and high water content maize ear as the research basis.The variation of air flow impacted threshing in numerical simulation,and the variation process of smoke visualization in the threshing area was compared.Taking the maize ear direction,the angle between the maize ear and the air pipe,the diameter of the air pipe,and the flow rate of the air compressor as factors,single-factor and quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination tests were carried out,and the parameters were optimized.Finally,high-speed photography was used to shoot the maize kernels’shelling process,and movement rules were analyzed from both the front and side views.The results showed that the velocity changes of each section under the numerical simulation are consistent with the flow state changes of smoke.The velocity reached its maximum on the circumference of the maize ear surface and presented a symmetrical distribution.Due to the velocity gradient and pressure gradient difference,the high-speed airflow would entrain the phenomena of the low-speed airflow.When the transverse maize ear,the angle between the maize and the airflow tube)was 45°,the diameter of the airflow tube was 7 mm,the flow rate of the airflow tube was 33 m/s,the loose amount was 10 pieces,the threshed amount was 15 pieces,and the damage rate was below 3%.Through high-speed photography,it was found that the cyclic force circle was destroyed after the maize kernel fell off,the motion of the removed maize kernel was similar to the oblique throwing motion,and the threshing process was carried out in the unit of“arrangement unit”.The threshing process followed the“arrangement law”,and the threshing track was“spiral”.The results of this research can provide ideas for the mechanical design and development of high-moisture-content maize threshing by air.
