As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar （HFSWR） has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the ...As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar （HFSWR） has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the integration of the second-order spectral continuum to that of the first-order region, where the strong external noise and the incorrect delineation of the first- and second-order Doppler spectral regions due to spectral aliasing are two major sources of errors in the wave height. To account for these factors, two more indices are introduced to the wave height estimation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum power of the second-or- der continuum to that of the Bragg spectral region （RSCB） and the ratio of the power of the second harmonic peak to that of the Bragg peak （RSHB）. Both indices also have a strong correlation with the underlying wave height. On the basis of all these indices an empirical model is proposed to estimate the wave height. This method has been used in a three-months long experiment of the ocean state measuring and analyzing ra- dar, type S （OSMAR-S）, which is a portable HFSWR with compact cross-loop/monopole receive antennas developed by Wuhan University since 2006. During the experiment in the Taiwan Strait, the significant wave height varied from 0 to 5 m. The significant wave heights estimated by the OSMAR-S correlate well with the data provided by the Oceanweather Inc. for comparison, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and a root mean square error （RMSE） of 0.77 m. The proposed method has made an effective improvement to the wave height estimation and thus a further step toward operational use of the OSMAR-S in the wave height extraction.展开更多
In this paper, the influence of loading rate and specimen height on flexural strength of Al2O3 at high temperatures has been studied by three-point bending method. The experimental results show that the flexural stren...In this paper, the influence of loading rate and specimen height on flexural strength of Al2O3 at high temperatures has been studied by three-point bending method. The experimental results show that the flexural strength of Al2O3 decreases with increasing specimen height at room temperature, and it tends to stability when height increases to a certain degree (h=5mm in this paper), while the flexural strength of Al2O3 variates unapparently at high temperature with increasing height. There is a critical loading rate R . c. When loading rate R . is less than R . c, the flexural strength of Al2O3 increases with increasing loading rate and it drops sharply when loading rate is higher than R . c. The sensitivity of flexural strength to the loading rate decreases with elevating temperatures.展开更多
The height of fractured zone(HFZ) at the high-intensity longwall mining panel plays a vital role in the safety analysis of coal mining under bodies of water. This paper described definitions of the highintensity minin...The height of fractured zone(HFZ) at the high-intensity longwall mining panel plays a vital role in the safety analysis of coal mining under bodies of water. This paper described definitions of the highintensity mining. The processes of overburden failure transfer(OFT) were analyzed, which were divided into the development stage and the termination stage. Through theoretical analysis, the limited suspension-distance and the limited overhanging distance were proposed to judge the damage of each stratum. Mechanical models of strata suspended integrity and overhanging stability were established.A theoretical method to predict the HFZ at the high-intensity longwall mining panel was put forward based on the processes of OFT. Taking a high-intensity longwall mining panel(No. 11915 panel) as an example, the theoretical method proposed, the engineering analogy and the empirical formulas in the Regulation were used to predict the HFZ. The results show that the theoretical result is consistent with the engineering analogies' result and empirical formulas' result. The rationality and reliability of the theoretical method proposed is verified.展开更多
The popular methods to estimate wave height with high-frequency（HF） radar depend on the integration over the second-order spectral region and thus may come under from even not strong external interference. To improv...The popular methods to estimate wave height with high-frequency（HF） radar depend on the integration over the second-order spectral region and thus may come under from even not strong external interference. To improve the accuracy and increase the valid detection range of the wave height measurement, particularly by the smallaperture radar, it is turned to singular peaks which often exceed the power of other frequency components. The power of three kinds of singular peaks, i.e., those around ±1,±√2 and ±1√2 times the Bragg frequency, are retrieved from a one-month-long radar data set collected by an ocean state monitoring and analyzing radar,model S（OSMAR-S）, and in situ buoy records are used to make some comparisons. The power response to a wave height is found to be described with a new model quite well, by which obvious improvement on the wave height estimation is achieved. With the buoy measurements as reference, a correlation coefficient is increased to 0.90 and a root mean square error（RMSE） is decreased to 0.35 m at the range of 7.5 km compared with the results by the second-order method. The further analysis of the fitting performance across range suggests that the peak has the best fit and maintains a good performance as far as 40 km. The correlation coefficient is 0.78 and the RMSE is 0.62 m at 40 km. These results show the effectiveness of the new empirical method, which opens a new way for the wave height estimation with the HF radar.展开更多
The ability of a climate model to reproduce the climatic characters of the South Asia High （SAH） is assessed by analyzing the 110-yr output of a Flexible Coupled GCM, version 0 （FGCM-0）. Comparing the results of F...The ability of a climate model to reproduce the climatic characters of the South Asia High （SAH） is assessed by analyzing the 110-yr output of a Flexible Coupled GCM, version 0 （FGCM-0）. Comparing the results of FGCM-0 with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the major findings show that FGCM-0 has better results in simulation of the geopotential height field at 100 hPa, and reproduces fairly the main atmospheric circulation centers. However, there are still some differences in the simulated results compared with the reanalysis data. The coupled model also successfully reproduces the mean seasonal variation of the SAH, that is, it moves from the Pacific Ocean to the Asian continent, remaining over the Tibetan Plateau from winter to summer, and then withdraws from the Tibetan Plateau to the Pacific Ocean from summer to winter. However, such observed relationships between the SAH positions and the summer precipitation patterns cannot be fairly reproduced in the FGCM-0.展开更多
Transverse joint aperture is of certain reference value to ensure joint grouting quality and overall safety of high arch dam. A 3D isoparametric joint element model with spherical surface key grooves and finite thickn...Transverse joint aperture is of certain reference value to ensure joint grouting quality and overall safety of high arch dam. A 3D isoparametric joint element model with spherical surface key grooves and finite thickness is used to simulate a transverse joint. A set of program is developed to simulate the transverse joint ap- erture of Dagangshan high arch dam. Combined with the measured temperatures, the whole developing process of Dagangshan arch dam＇s transverse joint aperture is simulated. The real work behav- ior of transverse joint, thermal and mechanical properties of con- crete, pouring process, joint grouting temperature and cantilever height of high arch dam are considered during the simulation. The simulation results show that the lower of the joint grouting tem- perature, the larger value of transverse joint aperture; the higher of cantilever height during the construction period, the smaller value of transverse joint aperture.展开更多
Building detection in very high resolution (VHR) images is crucial for mapping and analysing urban environments. Since buildings are elevated objects, elevation data need to be integrated with images for reliable dete...Building detection in very high resolution (VHR) images is crucial for mapping and analysing urban environments. Since buildings are elevated objects, elevation data need to be integrated with images for reliable detection. This process requires two critical steps: optical-elevation data co-registration and aboveground elevation calculation. These two steps are still challenging to some extent. Therefore, this paper introduces optical-elevation data co-registration and normalization techniques for generating a dataset that facilitates elevation-based building detection. For achieving accurate co-registration, a dense set of stereo-based elevations is generated and co-registered to their relevant image based on their corresponding image locations. To normalize these co-registered elevations, the bare-earth elevations are detected based on classification information of some terrain-level features after achieving the image co-registration. The developed method was executed and validated. After implementation, 80% overall-quality of detection result was achieved with 94% correct detection. Together, the developed techniques successfully facilitate the incorporation of stereo-based elevations for detecting buildings in VHR remote sensing images.展开更多
In recent years, development of a proper country-specific height system has become a major challenge for the scholars and specialists working in the field of geodesy. The National Geodetic Services of many countries a...In recent years, development of a proper country-specific height system has become a major challenge for the scholars and specialists working in the field of geodesy. The National Geodetic Services of many countries are trying to establish a new system that can provide the customers and decision-makers with high accuracy basic geodetic data obtained by modern satellite measurements. Although, Mongolia has a long tradition with geodesy and land surveying, the country still lacks a refined height system that can be effectively used for mapping and other purposes. In the present study, we tried to solve the problem related to the Mongolian height system using of a modern satellite technology. The research had some very important results: 1) evaluation of the main height network and height system of Mongolia, 2) development of a new method for calculating the normal height system in Mongolia, and 3) creation of the height unified system by considering surface potential of the global ellipsoidal level as normal.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.61371198the National Special Program for Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development of China under contract No.2013YQ160793the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China under contract No.BK2012199
文摘As an important equipment for sea state remote sensing, high frequency surface wave radar （HFSWR） has received more and more attention. The conventional method for wave height inversion is based on the ratio of the integration of the second-order spectral continuum to that of the first-order region, where the strong external noise and the incorrect delineation of the first- and second-order Doppler spectral regions due to spectral aliasing are two major sources of errors in the wave height. To account for these factors, two more indices are introduced to the wave height estimation, i.e., the ratio of the maximum power of the second-or- der continuum to that of the Bragg spectral region （RSCB） and the ratio of the power of the second harmonic peak to that of the Bragg peak （RSHB）. Both indices also have a strong correlation with the underlying wave height. On the basis of all these indices an empirical model is proposed to estimate the wave height. This method has been used in a three-months long experiment of the ocean state measuring and analyzing ra- dar, type S （OSMAR-S）, which is a portable HFSWR with compact cross-loop/monopole receive antennas developed by Wuhan University since 2006. During the experiment in the Taiwan Strait, the significant wave height varied from 0 to 5 m. The significant wave heights estimated by the OSMAR-S correlate well with the data provided by the Oceanweather Inc. for comparison, with a correlation coefficient of 0.74 and a root mean square error （RMSE） of 0.77 m. The proposed method has made an effective improvement to the wave height estimation and thus a further step toward operational use of the OSMAR-S in the wave height extraction.
文摘In this paper, the influence of loading rate and specimen height on flexural strength of Al2O3 at high temperatures has been studied by three-point bending method. The experimental results show that the flexural strength of Al2O3 decreases with increasing specimen height at room temperature, and it tends to stability when height increases to a certain degree (h=5mm in this paper), while the flexural strength of Al2O3 variates unapparently at high temperature with increasing height. There is a critical loading rate R . c. When loading rate R . is less than R . c, the flexural strength of Al2O3 increases with increasing loading rate and it drops sharply when loading rate is higher than R . c. The sensitivity of flexural strength to the loading rate decreases with elevating temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51774111)Henan province science and technology innovation outstanding talent fund of China (No.184200510003)
文摘The height of fractured zone(HFZ) at the high-intensity longwall mining panel plays a vital role in the safety analysis of coal mining under bodies of water. This paper described definitions of the highintensity mining. The processes of overburden failure transfer(OFT) were analyzed, which were divided into the development stage and the termination stage. Through theoretical analysis, the limited suspension-distance and the limited overhanging distance were proposed to judge the damage of each stratum. Mechanical models of strata suspended integrity and overhanging stability were established.A theoretical method to predict the HFZ at the high-intensity longwall mining panel was put forward based on the processes of OFT. Taking a high-intensity longwall mining panel(No. 11915 panel) as an example, the theoretical method proposed, the engineering analogy and the empirical formulas in the Regulation were used to predict the HFZ. The results show that the theoretical result is consistent with the engineering analogies' result and empirical formulas' result. The rationality and reliability of the theoretical method proposed is verified.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.61371198the National Special Program for Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development of China under contract No.2013YQ160793
文摘The popular methods to estimate wave height with high-frequency（HF） radar depend on the integration over the second-order spectral region and thus may come under from even not strong external interference. To improve the accuracy and increase the valid detection range of the wave height measurement, particularly by the smallaperture radar, it is turned to singular peaks which often exceed the power of other frequency components. The power of three kinds of singular peaks, i.e., those around ±1,±√2 and ±1√2 times the Bragg frequency, are retrieved from a one-month-long radar data set collected by an ocean state monitoring and analyzing radar,model S（OSMAR-S）, and in situ buoy records are used to make some comparisons. The power response to a wave height is found to be described with a new model quite well, by which obvious improvement on the wave height estimation is achieved. With the buoy measurements as reference, a correlation coefficient is increased to 0.90 and a root mean square error（RMSE） is decreased to 0.35 m at the range of 7.5 km compared with the results by the second-order method. The further analysis of the fitting performance across range suggests that the peak has the best fit and maintains a good performance as far as 40 km. The correlation coefficient is 0.78 and the RMSE is 0.62 m at 40 km. These results show the effectiveness of the new empirical method, which opens a new way for the wave height estimation with the HF radar.
文摘The ability of a climate model to reproduce the climatic characters of the South Asia High （SAH） is assessed by analyzing the 110-yr output of a Flexible Coupled GCM, version 0 （FGCM-0）. Comparing the results of FGCM-0 with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the major findings show that FGCM-0 has better results in simulation of the geopotential height field at 100 hPa, and reproduces fairly the main atmospheric circulation centers. However, there are still some differences in the simulated results compared with the reanalysis data. The coupled model also successfully reproduces the mean seasonal variation of the SAH, that is, it moves from the Pacific Ocean to the Asian continent, remaining over the Tibetan Plateau from winter to summer, and then withdraws from the Tibetan Plateau to the Pacific Ocean from summer to winter. However, such observed relationships between the SAH positions and the summer precipitation patterns cannot be fairly reproduced in the FGCM-0.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50909078)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2013CB035901)
文摘Transverse joint aperture is of certain reference value to ensure joint grouting quality and overall safety of high arch dam. A 3D isoparametric joint element model with spherical surface key grooves and finite thickness is used to simulate a transverse joint. A set of program is developed to simulate the transverse joint ap- erture of Dagangshan high arch dam. Combined with the measured temperatures, the whole developing process of Dagangshan arch dam＇s transverse joint aperture is simulated. The real work behav- ior of transverse joint, thermal and mechanical properties of con- crete, pouring process, joint grouting temperature and cantilever height of high arch dam are considered during the simulation. The simulation results show that the lower of the joint grouting tem- perature, the larger value of transverse joint aperture; the higher of cantilever height during the construction period, the smaller value of transverse joint aperture.
文摘Building detection in very high resolution (VHR) images is crucial for mapping and analysing urban environments. Since buildings are elevated objects, elevation data need to be integrated with images for reliable detection. This process requires two critical steps: optical-elevation data co-registration and aboveground elevation calculation. These two steps are still challenging to some extent. Therefore, this paper introduces optical-elevation data co-registration and normalization techniques for generating a dataset that facilitates elevation-based building detection. For achieving accurate co-registration, a dense set of stereo-based elevations is generated and co-registered to their relevant image based on their corresponding image locations. To normalize these co-registered elevations, the bare-earth elevations are detected based on classification information of some terrain-level features after achieving the image co-registration. The developed method was executed and validated. After implementation, 80% overall-quality of detection result was achieved with 94% correct detection. Together, the developed techniques successfully facilitate the incorporation of stereo-based elevations for detecting buildings in VHR remote sensing images.
文摘In recent years, development of a proper country-specific height system has become a major challenge for the scholars and specialists working in the field of geodesy. The National Geodetic Services of many countries are trying to establish a new system that can provide the customers and decision-makers with high accuracy basic geodetic data obtained by modern satellite measurements. Although, Mongolia has a long tradition with geodesy and land surveying, the country still lacks a refined height system that can be effectively used for mapping and other purposes. In the present study, we tried to solve the problem related to the Mongolian height system using of a modern satellite technology. The research had some very important results: 1) evaluation of the main height network and height system of Mongolia, 2) development of a new method for calculating the normal height system in Mongolia, and 3) creation of the height unified system by considering surface potential of the global ellipsoidal level as normal.
