Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV3)under the context of Zhejiang province.Methods:A state transition simulation model was constructed to estimate the he...Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV3)under the context of Zhejiang province.Methods:A state transition simulation model was constructed to estimate the health and economic outcomes of IIV3 vaccination program compared to no vaccination for hypothetical cohorts of Zhejiang province stratified by age and risk status.Model input parameters were chosen based on published literatures and expert advices.The analysis used societal perspectives and a one-year time horizon,and permanent outcomes were also included.The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER),with expression of US dollars per quality adjusted life years(QALYs)gained.Results:In subgroups not at high risk for influenza-related complications(non-high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from $6268/QALY(for adults aged 50-64 years)to $11260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).In subgroups at high risk for influenza-related complications(high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from cost-saving(adults aged≥65 years)to $5260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).ICER were most sensitive to changes in probability of influenza illness,cost of hospitalization,and probability of death for adults aged 18-49 years with non-high risk status.Conclusions:ICERs of annual influenza vaccination varied by age and risk status but were less than the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita of Zhejiang province($17745 in 2023),which remained cost-effective for all-age and different risk status groups from a societal perspective.展开更多
BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical perf...BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical performance,and economic effects of robotic-assisted donor and recipient hepatectomy in the transplant pathway.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and a priori registration,systematic reviews were included with or without meta-analysis.Four databases were searched through July 2025.Methodological quality was appraised with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews(AMSTAR 2),and certainty was graded with grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE).Evidence overlap was calculated via a citation-matrix-based corrected covered area(CCA).Effect sizes were prespecified as risk ratios(RR)for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes.RESULTS Five reviews met the inclusion criteria,four with meta-analyses and one consensus review used only for context.Donor(direct)findings were more favorable for robotics in terms of estimated blood loss(≈-117 mL)and length of stay(≈-0.6 days),although with longer operative time(≈+105 minutes).Absolute risks for donor complications were not estimable from ratio-only data.Recipient(indirect)meta-analysis indicated robotics to be favorable in terms of conversion(RR≈0.41)and severe morbidity(RR≈0.81),with a trend toward lower overall morbidity(RR≈0.92)and no difference in 30-day mortality.Differences in length of stay and operative time were small and heterogeneous.Economic evidence(indirect,network meta-analysis)suggested higher procedural costs for robotic vs laparoscopic intervention,but lower hospitalization costs vs open intervention,with laparoscopy the least expensive overall.AMSTAR 2 ratings were moderate-to-high across the reviews,GRADE certainty was low for key donor continuous outcomes,and low-to-moderate for recipient and economic outcomes.Overlap was slight(graded-corpus CCA=0.0%;including a contextual non-transplant review increased CCA to≈1.25%).CONCLUSION Robotic donor hepatectomy confers perioperative advantages at the cost of longer operative time.Recipient and economic findings are indirect and considered hypothesis-generating.Transplant-specific,prospective comparisons using a minimum standardized dataset and uniform outcome definitions are needed to resolve remaining uncertainties and to clarify the cost-utility correlation.展开更多
To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance treatments of highways in Jiangsu Province, the historical pavement maintenance records, traffic load information and pavement performance data in the pav...To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance treatments of highways in Jiangsu Province, the historical pavement maintenance records, traffic load information and pavement performance data in the pavement management system （PMS） are recorded and analyzed. Compared with the growth model, the linear model, the logarithm model and the exponential model, the cubic model has higher regression accuracy R2 and it can capture the sigmoid shape of the deterioration curve. So it is selected to simulate the pavement rotting development. The benefit over cost ratio is calculated to quantify the treatment cost- effectiveness. The analysis results show that thin hot mix asphalt （HMA） overlays and micro surfacing are more cost- effective than the. other two treatments on light and moderate traffic roads. Hot in-place recycling and thick HMA overlays have much longer service lives and greater cost-effectiveness under heavy or extra heavy traffic.展开更多
AIM:To study the cost-effectiveness of high-resolution microendoscopy(HRME)in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)screening program in China.METHODS:A decision analytic Markov model of ESCC was developed.Separa...AIM:To study the cost-effectiveness of high-resolution microendoscopy(HRME)in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)screening program in China.METHODS:A decision analytic Markov model of ESCC was developed.Separate model analyses were conducted for cohorts consisting of an averagerisk population or a high-risk population in China.Hypothetical 50-year-old individuals were followed until age 80 or death.We compared three different strategies for both cohorts:(1)no screening;(2)standard endoscopic screening with Lugol’s iodine staining;and(3)endoscopic screening with Lugol’s iodine staining and an HRME.Model parameters were estimated from the literature as well as from GLOBOCAN,the Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide cancer database.Health states in the model included non-neoplasia,mild dysplasia,moderate dysplasia,high-grade dysplasia,intramucosal carcinoma,operable cancer,inoperable cancer,and death.Separate ESCC incidence transition rates were generated for the average-risk and high-risk populations.Costs in Chinese currency were converted to international dollars(I$)and were adjusted to 2012dollars using the Consumer Price Index.RESULTS:The main outcome measurements for this study were quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER).For the average-risk population,the HRME screening strategy produced 0.043 more QALYs than the no screening strategy at an additional cost of I$646,resulting in an ICER of I$11808 per QALY gained.Standard endoscopic screening was weakly dominated.Among the high-risk population,when the HRME screening strategy was compared with the standard screening strategy,the ICER was I$8173 per QALY.For both the high-risk and average-risk screening populations,the HRME screening strategy appeared to be the most cost-effective strategy,producing ICERs below the willingness-topay threshold,I$23500 per QALY.One-way sensitivity analysis showed that,for the average-risk population,higher specificity of Lugol’s iodine(>40%)and lower specificity of HRME(<70%)could make Lugol’s iodine screening cost-effective.For the high-risk population,the results of the model were not substantially affected by varying the follow-up rate after Lugol’s iodine screening,Lugol’s iodine test characteristics(sensitivity and specificity),or HRME specificity.CONCLUSION:The incorporation of HRME into an ESCC screening program could be cost-effective in China.Larger studies of HRME performance are needed to confirm these findings.展开更多
Guangdong’s carbon emissions have surpassed the world’s 11th largest emitter.It is indispensable for this province to find a robust cost-effective strategy for reducing carbon emissions.This study employed the Low E...Guangdong’s carbon emissions have surpassed the world’s 11th largest emitter.It is indispensable for this province to find a robust cost-effective strategy for reducing carbon emissions.This study employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform model,marginal cost curves,and Monte Carlo methods to simulate the energy consumption,carbon emissions,and economic benefits of emission reduction in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2030 under the application of various structural optimization policies and energy-saving technologies.The main findings are as follows:In 2030,Guangdong Province is projected to achieve a carbon emission reduction of 273.6 to 304.6million t CO_(2eq),with a total reduction cost ranging from 1030.9 to 1452.2 billion yuan.Increasing the share of renewable energy,which still has significant growth potential,can lead to a 1.4 times greater reduction in carbon emissions compared to the application of energy-saving technologies,despite the latter yielding 2.3 times more energy savings.The emission reduction measures with net-cost can contribute 71.4%to the total carbon reduction of the province,being much larger than those with net benefits.The power sector plays a critical role in carbon emission reduction within Guangdong Province,with its various measures exerting the most substantial impact on emission reduction quantity and cost,contributing cumulative variance contributions of 90.1%and 84.3%,respectively.It has relatively large potential for emission reduction and relatively low cost of structural adjustment.展开更多
BACKGROUND There has been a growing interest in noninvasive ventilation(NIV)in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)as a standard of care for acute respiratory failure(ARF),especially in the post-covid er...BACKGROUND There has been a growing interest in noninvasive ventilation(NIV)in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)as a standard of care for acute respiratory failure(ARF),especially in the post-covid era,but direct head-to-head cost comparisons between the two modalities are not available in literature.AIM To compare the cost along with the clinical effectiveness of NIV in comparison to IMV in ARF.METHODS A prospective observational single-center case control study including adult patients with ARF(PaO2/FiO2 ratio<300)admitted from January 1,2024 to December 31,2024 in medical intensive care unit(ICU)of a tertiary care hospital requiring either NIV or invasive ventilation.NIV and IMV groups were compared based on average length of ICU and hospital stay,mortality,net cost of ICU treatment,need for intubation and tracheostomy.RESULTS A total of 319 patients were included in the study(197 in NIV,122 in IMV group).Statistically significant difference in length of ICU stay(NIV group:5±3.25 days,IMV group:9±2.6 days;P<0.05)and mortality rate was seen(11%NIV vs 34%IMV;P<0.01).On multivariate analyses,mortality showed a stronger association with IMV[odds ratio(OR)=7.73;95%CI:3.12-19.18]as compared to ICU stay(OR=2.73;95%CI:2.15-3.48).A total of 33 patients(17%)in NIV group required intubation of which 3 were tracheostomized,while 14 patients(11%)in IMV group needed tracheostomy.The net average cost of ICU stay was₹83902 in NIV group while in IMV group,the net ICU cost was₹476216.The average cost of ICU stay was five times higher with IMV.CONCLUSION NIV has potential economic and clinical benefits as compared to invasive ventilation in ARF.展开更多
BACKGROUND Obesity impacts 42%of United States adults and results in an estimated economic burden of nearly 1.4 trillion dollars annually.Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty(ESG)is a United States Food and Drug Administrat...BACKGROUND Obesity impacts 42%of United States adults and results in an estimated economic burden of nearly 1.4 trillion dollars annually.Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty(ESG)is a United States Food and Drug Administration authorized procedure with an excellent safety,efficacy,and durability profile.The cost-effectiveness of ESG compared to lifestyle modification(LM)in real-world patients with class I-III obesity represents a critical knowledge gap.AIM To approximate the cost-effectiveness of ESG vs LM using a real-world dataset of 860 United States adults with class I-III obesity undergoing ESG.METHODS A 6-state Markov model was employed,including healthy weight,overweight,class I-III obesity,and death.The LM control group was built using transition states previously described in the literature,supplemented by expert opinion.Cycles lasted six-months in the model’s first year and twelve-months thereafter.Existing literature informed approximations of each health state utility,adverse event disutility,and incidence of obesity-associated comorbidities.One-way sensitivity and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.RESULTS The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)for ESG vs LM was 5904 dollars per quality-adjusted life year(QALY).In a one-way sensitivity analysis,the utilities assigned to the three obesity classes most greatly influenced the ICER.Probabilistic sensitivity analysis estimated an increase in upper-bound ICER of 8038 dollars per QALY,well under the generally cited United States willingness to pay ratio of 100000 dollars per QALY.CONCLUSION The results of this model support that ESG is overwhelmingly cost-effective compared to LM across all obesity classes.Payors should consider expanding coverage for their members.展开更多
With the continuous application of new technologies in reconnaissance and attack, false camouflage plays a more important role in improving the survivability of targets, and the number of decoys plays a crucial role i...With the continuous application of new technologies in reconnaissance and attack, false camouflage plays a more important role in improving the survivability of targets, and the number of decoys plays a crucial role in the camouflaging effect. Based on the concept of cost-effectiveness ratio, according to the newly formulated Johnson criterion and the view of discovery and destruction, this paper proposes to take the identification probability as the probability of being destroyed and uses mathematical formulas to calculate the cost of a single use decoy. On this basis, a cost-effectiveness ratio model is established, with the product of the increase in the survival probability of the target and the cost of the target as the benefit, and the sum of the product of the probability of being destroyed and the cost of the decoy and the cost of a single use as the consumption cost. The model is calculated and analyzed, and the number of decoys that conform to the actual situation is obtained.展开更多
Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Met...Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across Cochrane,PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),CNKI,and Wanfang databases to identify original articles published between 2017 and 2023.Key words consisted of bone metastases,denosumab,and cost-effectiveness in the search strategy.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the revised Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS 2022).Data was extracted regarding methodological characteristics and cost-effectiveness analyses.Results A total of 111 studies were retrieved,of which 6 met the inclusion criteria.All included studies were based on clinical trials and published literature data and exhibited high methodological quality.Up to 83%(5 out of 6)of comparisons demonstrated that denosumab was more cost-effective or dominant compared to zoledronic acid.The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially by tumor type,ranging from CZK 436,339.09 to USD 136,234 per skeletal-related event avoided and from CZK 61,580.95 to USD 118,392.11 per quality-adjusted life year gained.Conclusions The majority of the included studies support denosumab as a more cost-effective treatment option for bone metastases in solid tumors compared to zoledronic acid.The application of CHEER(2022)enhances the reliability of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gadopentetate dimeglumine(Gd-DTPA)and gadobenate dimeglumine(Gd-BOPTA)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast agents for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(...Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gadopentetate dimeglumine(Gd-DTPA)and gadobenate dimeglumine(Gd-BOPTA)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast agents for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)from the perspective of China’s healthcare system.Methods A decision tree+partitioned survival model was constructed for early diagnosis of HCC based on literature data.Taking quality-adjusted life year(QALY)as the main health outcome measure for incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)analysis,the sensitivity analysis by Monte Carlo simulation was constructed to generate corresponding tornado diagram,incremental cost-effectiveness scatter plot,and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve.Results and Conclusion The basic analysis results showed that the ICER value of Gd-BOPTA diagnostic scheme compared with Gd-DTPA diagnostic scheme was 17302.46 yuan/QALY,which is less than 1 times of China’s gross domestic product(GDP)per capita.The sensitivity analysis results showed that the cost of delayed treatment and timely treatment had a significant impact on the results.When the willingness to pay(WTP)was 1 time of GDP per capita,the probability of cost-effectiveness advantage of Gd-BOPTA diagnostic scheme was 65.30%.When the WTP value is set at 1 times of GDP per capita,Gd-BOPTA MRI has cost-effectiveness advantages for the early diagnosis of HCC.展开更多
While silicon/carbon(Si/C)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the industrialization of Si/C anodes is hampered by high-cost and lo...While silicon/carbon(Si/C)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the industrialization of Si/C anodes is hampered by high-cost and low product yield.Herein,a high-yield strategy is developed in which photovoltaic waste silicon is converted to cost-effective graphitic Si/C composites(G-Si@C)for LIBs.The introduction of a binder improves the dispersion and compatibility of silicon and graphite,enhances particle sphericity,and significantly reduces the loss rate of the spray prilling process(from about 25%to 5%).As an LIB anode,the fabricated G-Si@C composites exhibit a capacity of 605 mAh g^(-1) after 1200 cycles.The cost of manufacturing Si/C anode materials has been reduced to approximately$7.47 kg^(-1),which is close to that of commercial graphite anode materials($5.0 kg^(-1)),and significantly lower than commercial Si/C materials(ca.$20.74 kg^(-1)).Moreover,the G-Si@C material provides approximately 81.0 Ah/$of capacity,which exceeds the current best commercial graphite anodes(70.0 Ah/$)and Si/C anodes(48.2 Ah/$).The successful implementation of this pathway will significantly promote the industrialization of high-energydensity Si/C anode materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with ...BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with that of conventional care in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survivors using clinical patient-level data.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center in the USA to assess the cost-effectiveness of TTM in adult non-traumatic OHCA survivors between 1 January, 2019 and 30 June, 2023. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were calculated and compared with various decision makers' willingness to pay. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were utilized to evaluate the economic attractiveness of TTM. Uncertainty about the incremental cost and effect was explored with a 95% confidence ellipse.RESULTS: Among 925 non-traumatic OHCA survivors, only 30(3%) received TTM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the TTM group did not demonstrate a significantly lower cost(delta cost-$5,141, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $-35,347 to $25,065, P=0.79) and higher survival to hospital discharge(delta effect 6%, 95% CI:-11% to 23%, P=0.41). Additionally, a 95% confidence ellipse indicated uncertainty reflected by evidence that the true value of the ICER could be in any of the quadrants of the cost-effectiveness plane.CONCLUSION: Although TTM did not demonstrate a clear survival benefit in this study, its potential cost-effectiveness warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes. These findings highlight the need for additional research to optimize TTM use in OHCA care and inform resource allocation decisions.展开更多
Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide ...Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)leads to fat malabsorption and maldigestion and is most commonly treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy(PERT).Patients suffering from PEI in China are more ...BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)leads to fat malabsorption and maldigestion and is most commonly treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy(PERT).Patients suffering from PEI in China are more likely not to receive adequate treatment as this drug is not part of the Chinese national essential medicine list.AIM To examine the cost-effectiveness of PERT for patients suffering from PEI in China.METHODS A decision analytical Markov model was constructed to simulate the progress of patients with PEI in China.The population included in the analyses were patients suffering from PEI with advanced(non-resectable)pancreatic cancer,who have undergone surgery due to pancreatic cancer and who have undergone endoscopic treatment due to chronic pancreatitis.The cost-effectiveness analyses were undertaken from a Chinese societal perspective comparing PERT with no PERT.The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in United States dollars per quality adjusted life year(QALY)gained is the main outcome.Input was informed by publicly available data supplemented with expert clinical advice.RESULTS The cost-effectiveness analyses estimated that PERT resulted in additional 0.45 to 2.93 QALYs at discounted costs of between 4315 dollars to 15193 dollars.This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 5178 dollars to 9533 dollars per QALY.The one-way sensitivity analyses showed that the main drivers of the model were the cost of PERT and overall survival.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that PERT is a cost-effective treatment for patients suffering from PEI in China.展开更多
High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical ...High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Alth...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes,their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity,and their flammability poses safety concerns,undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems.Herein,we present a cost-effective and highly stable Na_(2)SO_(4)additive introduced into a Zn(ClO_(4))2-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.Through Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,densityfunctional theory computations,and molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that Na+ions improve low-temperature electrolyte performance and mitigate dendrite formation by regulating uniform Zn^(2+)deposition through preferential adsorption and electrostatic interactions.As a result,the Zn||Zn cells using this electrolyte achieve a remarkable cycling life of 360 h at-40℃ with 61% depth of discharge,and the Zn||PANI cells retained an ultrahigh capacity retention of 91%even after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at-40℃.This work proposes a cost-effective and practical approach for enhancing the long-term operational stability of AZMBs in low-temperature environments.展开更多
(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics,as an emerging class of ultra-high-temperature materials,have garnered significant interest due to their unique multi-principal-element crystal structure and exceptional hightemperatu...(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics,as an emerging class of ultra-high-temperature materials,have garnered significant interest due to their unique multi-principal-element crystal structure and exceptional hightemperature properties.This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics by employing first-principles density functional theory,combined with the Debye-Grüneisen model,to explore the variations in their thermophysical properties with temperature(0–2000 K)and pressure(0–30 GPa).Thermodynamically,the calculated mixing enthalpy and Gibbs free energy confirm the feasibility of forming a stable single-phase solid solution in(NbZrHfTi)C.The calculated results of the elastic stiffness constant indicate that the material meets the mechanical stability criteria of the cubic crystal system,further confirming the structural stability.Through evaluation of key mechanical parameters—bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio—we provide comprehensive insight into the macro-mechanical behaviour of the material and its correlation with the underlying microstructure.Notably,compared to traditional binary carbides and their average properties,(NbZrHfTi)C exhibits higher Vickers hardness(Approximately 28.5 GPa)and fracture toughness(Approximately 3.4 MPa⋅m^(1/2)),which can be primarily attributed to the lattice distortion and solid-solution strengthening mechanism.The study also utilizes the quasi-harmonic approximation method to predict the material’s thermophysical properties,including Debye temperature(initial value around 563 K),thermal expansion coefficient(approximately 8.9×10^(−6) K−1 at 2000 K),and other key parameters such as heat capacity at constant volume.The results show that within the studied pressure and temperature ranges,(NbZrHfTi)C consistently maintains a stable phase structure and good thermomechanical properties.The thermal expansion coefficient increasing with temperature,while heat capacity approaches the Dulong-Petit limit at elevated temperatures.These findings underscore the potential of(NbZrHfTi)C applications in ultra-high temperature thermal protection systems,cutting tool coatings,and nuclear structural materials.展开更多
The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbi...The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Due to the dry and cold climate,the obvious temperature difference between day and night,and the low oxygen content of the air in the plateau area,people are prone to upper respiratory tract diseases,and of...BACKGROUND Due to the dry and cold climate,the obvious temperature difference between day and night,and the low oxygen content of the air in the plateau area,people are prone to upper respiratory tract diseases,and often the condition is prolonged,and the patients are prone to anxiety and uneasiness,which may be related to the harshness of the plateau environment,somatic discomfort due to the lack of oxygen,anxiety about the disease,and other factors.AIM To investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on anxiety,sleep disorders,and hypoxia tolerance in patients with high-altitude respiratory diseases.METHODS A total of 2337 patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases treated at our hospital between November 2023 and January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The subjects’pre-high-altitude residential altitude was approximately 1700 meters.They were divided into two groups.Both groups were given symptomatic treatment,and the control group implemented conventional nursing intervention,while the research group simultaneously conducted CBT intervention;assessed the degree of health knowledge of the two groups,and applied the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of the patients before and after the intervention,respectively.It also observed the length and efficiency of sleep,and detected the level of serum hypoxia inducible factor-1α,erythropoietin(EPO)and clinical intervention before and after intervention.EPO levels,and investigated satisfaction with the clinical intervention.RESULTS The rate of excellent health knowledge in the intervention group was 93.64%,which was higher than that in the control group(74.23%;P<0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores between the two groups(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in sleep duration and sleep efficiency between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly larger than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum hypoxia inducible factor-1αand EPO between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05),and both research groups were significantly lower than the control group after intervention(P<0.05).According to the questionnaire survey,the intervention satisfaction of the study group was 95.53%,which was higher than that of the control group(80.14%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT intervention in the treatment of patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases helps improve patients'health knowledge,relieve anxiety,improve sleep quality and hypoxia tolerance,and improve nursing satisfaction.展开更多
The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them w...The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.展开更多
基金funded by Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang province(Grant number:2023KY633).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of annual trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine(IIV3)under the context of Zhejiang province.Methods:A state transition simulation model was constructed to estimate the health and economic outcomes of IIV3 vaccination program compared to no vaccination for hypothetical cohorts of Zhejiang province stratified by age and risk status.Model input parameters were chosen based on published literatures and expert advices.The analysis used societal perspectives and a one-year time horizon,and permanent outcomes were also included.The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER),with expression of US dollars per quality adjusted life years(QALYs)gained.Results:In subgroups not at high risk for influenza-related complications(non-high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from $6268/QALY(for adults aged 50-64 years)to $11260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).In subgroups at high risk for influenza-related complications(high risk subgroup),ICER ranged from cost-saving(adults aged≥65 years)to $5260/QALY(for children aged from 6 months to 4 years).ICER were most sensitive to changes in probability of influenza illness,cost of hospitalization,and probability of death for adults aged 18-49 years with non-high risk status.Conclusions:ICERs of annual influenza vaccination varied by age and risk status but were less than the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)per capita of Zhejiang province($17745 in 2023),which remained cost-effective for all-age and different risk status groups from a societal perspective.
文摘BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical performance,and economic effects of robotic-assisted donor and recipient hepatectomy in the transplant pathway.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and a priori registration,systematic reviews were included with or without meta-analysis.Four databases were searched through July 2025.Methodological quality was appraised with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews(AMSTAR 2),and certainty was graded with grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE).Evidence overlap was calculated via a citation-matrix-based corrected covered area(CCA).Effect sizes were prespecified as risk ratios(RR)for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes.RESULTS Five reviews met the inclusion criteria,four with meta-analyses and one consensus review used only for context.Donor(direct)findings were more favorable for robotics in terms of estimated blood loss(≈-117 mL)and length of stay(≈-0.6 days),although with longer operative time(≈+105 minutes).Absolute risks for donor complications were not estimable from ratio-only data.Recipient(indirect)meta-analysis indicated robotics to be favorable in terms of conversion(RR≈0.41)and severe morbidity(RR≈0.81),with a trend toward lower overall morbidity(RR≈0.92)and no difference in 30-day mortality.Differences in length of stay and operative time were small and heterogeneous.Economic evidence(indirect,network meta-analysis)suggested higher procedural costs for robotic vs laparoscopic intervention,but lower hospitalization costs vs open intervention,with laparoscopy the least expensive overall.AMSTAR 2 ratings were moderate-to-high across the reviews,GRADE certainty was low for key donor continuous outcomes,and low-to-moderate for recipient and economic outcomes.Overlap was slight(graded-corpus CCA=0.0%;including a contextual non-transplant review increased CCA to≈1.25%).CONCLUSION Robotic donor hepatectomy confers perioperative advantages at the cost of longer operative time.Recipient and economic findings are indirect and considered hypothesis-generating.Transplant-specific,prospective comparisons using a minimum standardized dataset and uniform outcome definitions are needed to resolve remaining uncertainties and to clarify the cost-utility correlation.
基金The Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department(No.7621000078)
文摘To investigate the cost-effectiveness of different maintenance treatments of highways in Jiangsu Province, the historical pavement maintenance records, traffic load information and pavement performance data in the pavement management system （PMS） are recorded and analyzed. Compared with the growth model, the linear model, the logarithm model and the exponential model, the cubic model has higher regression accuracy R2 and it can capture the sigmoid shape of the deterioration curve. So it is selected to simulate the pavement rotting development. The benefit over cost ratio is calculated to quantify the treatment cost- effectiveness. The analysis results show that thin hot mix asphalt （HMA） overlays and micro surfacing are more cost- effective than the. other two treatments on light and moderate traffic roads. Hot in-place recycling and thick HMA overlays have much longer service lives and greater cost-effectiveness under heavy or extra heavy traffic.
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health,United States,No.R01-CA140574 and No.U01-CA152926(to Hur C)No.R21-CA156704 and No.R01-CA181275(to Anandasabapathy S)and No.K25-CA133141(to Kong CY)
文摘AIM:To study the cost-effectiveness of high-resolution microendoscopy(HRME)in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)screening program in China.METHODS:A decision analytic Markov model of ESCC was developed.Separate model analyses were conducted for cohorts consisting of an averagerisk population or a high-risk population in China.Hypothetical 50-year-old individuals were followed until age 80 or death.We compared three different strategies for both cohorts:(1)no screening;(2)standard endoscopic screening with Lugol’s iodine staining;and(3)endoscopic screening with Lugol’s iodine staining and an HRME.Model parameters were estimated from the literature as well as from GLOBOCAN,the Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide cancer database.Health states in the model included non-neoplasia,mild dysplasia,moderate dysplasia,high-grade dysplasia,intramucosal carcinoma,operable cancer,inoperable cancer,and death.Separate ESCC incidence transition rates were generated for the average-risk and high-risk populations.Costs in Chinese currency were converted to international dollars(I$)and were adjusted to 2012dollars using the Consumer Price Index.RESULTS:The main outcome measurements for this study were quality-adjusted life years(QALYs)and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER).For the average-risk population,the HRME screening strategy produced 0.043 more QALYs than the no screening strategy at an additional cost of I$646,resulting in an ICER of I$11808 per QALY gained.Standard endoscopic screening was weakly dominated.Among the high-risk population,when the HRME screening strategy was compared with the standard screening strategy,the ICER was I$8173 per QALY.For both the high-risk and average-risk screening populations,the HRME screening strategy appeared to be the most cost-effective strategy,producing ICERs below the willingness-topay threshold,I$23500 per QALY.One-way sensitivity analysis showed that,for the average-risk population,higher specificity of Lugol’s iodine(>40%)and lower specificity of HRME(<70%)could make Lugol’s iodine screening cost-effective.For the high-risk population,the results of the model were not substantially affected by varying the follow-up rate after Lugol’s iodine screening,Lugol’s iodine test characteristics(sensitivity and specificity),or HRME specificity.CONCLUSION:The incorporation of HRME into an ESCC screening program could be cost-effective in China.Larger studies of HRME performance are needed to confirm these findings.
基金supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.721RC525).
文摘Guangdong’s carbon emissions have surpassed the world’s 11th largest emitter.It is indispensable for this province to find a robust cost-effective strategy for reducing carbon emissions.This study employed the Low Emissions Analysis Platform model,marginal cost curves,and Monte Carlo methods to simulate the energy consumption,carbon emissions,and economic benefits of emission reduction in Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2030 under the application of various structural optimization policies and energy-saving technologies.The main findings are as follows:In 2030,Guangdong Province is projected to achieve a carbon emission reduction of 273.6 to 304.6million t CO_(2eq),with a total reduction cost ranging from 1030.9 to 1452.2 billion yuan.Increasing the share of renewable energy,which still has significant growth potential,can lead to a 1.4 times greater reduction in carbon emissions compared to the application of energy-saving technologies,despite the latter yielding 2.3 times more energy savings.The emission reduction measures with net-cost can contribute 71.4%to the total carbon reduction of the province,being much larger than those with net benefits.The power sector plays a critical role in carbon emission reduction within Guangdong Province,with its various measures exerting the most substantial impact on emission reduction quantity and cost,contributing cumulative variance contributions of 90.1%and 84.3%,respectively.It has relatively large potential for emission reduction and relatively low cost of structural adjustment.
文摘BACKGROUND There has been a growing interest in noninvasive ventilation(NIV)in comparison to invasive mechanical ventilation(IMV)as a standard of care for acute respiratory failure(ARF),especially in the post-covid era,but direct head-to-head cost comparisons between the two modalities are not available in literature.AIM To compare the cost along with the clinical effectiveness of NIV in comparison to IMV in ARF.METHODS A prospective observational single-center case control study including adult patients with ARF(PaO2/FiO2 ratio<300)admitted from January 1,2024 to December 31,2024 in medical intensive care unit(ICU)of a tertiary care hospital requiring either NIV or invasive ventilation.NIV and IMV groups were compared based on average length of ICU and hospital stay,mortality,net cost of ICU treatment,need for intubation and tracheostomy.RESULTS A total of 319 patients were included in the study(197 in NIV,122 in IMV group).Statistically significant difference in length of ICU stay(NIV group:5±3.25 days,IMV group:9±2.6 days;P<0.05)and mortality rate was seen(11%NIV vs 34%IMV;P<0.01).On multivariate analyses,mortality showed a stronger association with IMV[odds ratio(OR)=7.73;95%CI:3.12-19.18]as compared to ICU stay(OR=2.73;95%CI:2.15-3.48).A total of 33 patients(17%)in NIV group required intubation of which 3 were tracheostomized,while 14 patients(11%)in IMV group needed tracheostomy.The net average cost of ICU stay was₹83902 in NIV group while in IMV group,the net ICU cost was₹476216.The average cost of ICU stay was five times higher with IMV.CONCLUSION NIV has potential economic and clinical benefits as compared to invasive ventilation in ARF.
文摘BACKGROUND Obesity impacts 42%of United States adults and results in an estimated economic burden of nearly 1.4 trillion dollars annually.Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty(ESG)is a United States Food and Drug Administration authorized procedure with an excellent safety,efficacy,and durability profile.The cost-effectiveness of ESG compared to lifestyle modification(LM)in real-world patients with class I-III obesity represents a critical knowledge gap.AIM To approximate the cost-effectiveness of ESG vs LM using a real-world dataset of 860 United States adults with class I-III obesity undergoing ESG.METHODS A 6-state Markov model was employed,including healthy weight,overweight,class I-III obesity,and death.The LM control group was built using transition states previously described in the literature,supplemented by expert opinion.Cycles lasted six-months in the model’s first year and twelve-months thereafter.Existing literature informed approximations of each health state utility,adverse event disutility,and incidence of obesity-associated comorbidities.One-way sensitivity and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.RESULTS The base-case incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)for ESG vs LM was 5904 dollars per quality-adjusted life year(QALY).In a one-way sensitivity analysis,the utilities assigned to the three obesity classes most greatly influenced the ICER.Probabilistic sensitivity analysis estimated an increase in upper-bound ICER of 8038 dollars per QALY,well under the generally cited United States willingness to pay ratio of 100000 dollars per QALY.CONCLUSION The results of this model support that ESG is overwhelmingly cost-effective compared to LM across all obesity classes.Payors should consider expanding coverage for their members.
文摘With the continuous application of new technologies in reconnaissance and attack, false camouflage plays a more important role in improving the survivability of targets, and the number of decoys plays a crucial role in the camouflaging effect. Based on the concept of cost-effectiveness ratio, according to the newly formulated Johnson criterion and the view of discovery and destruction, this paper proposes to take the identification probability as the probability of being destroyed and uses mathematical formulas to calculate the cost of a single use decoy. On this basis, a cost-effectiveness ratio model is established, with the product of the increase in the survival probability of the target and the cost of the target as the benefit, and the sum of the product of the probability of being destroyed and the cost of the decoy and the cost of a single use as the consumption cost. The model is calculated and analyzed, and the number of decoys that conform to the actual situation is obtained.
文摘Objective This systematic review examines recent pharmacoeconomic literature on denosumab'cost-effectiveness for bone metastasis treatment,providing evidence-based insights to guide healthcare policy decisions.Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed across Cochrane,PubMed,EMBASE(Ovid),CNKI,and Wanfang databases to identify original articles published between 2017 and 2023.Key words consisted of bone metastases,denosumab,and cost-effectiveness in the search strategy.The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed utilizing the revised Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards(CHEERS 2022).Data was extracted regarding methodological characteristics and cost-effectiveness analyses.Results A total of 111 studies were retrieved,of which 6 met the inclusion criteria.All included studies were based on clinical trials and published literature data and exhibited high methodological quality.Up to 83%(5 out of 6)of comparisons demonstrated that denosumab was more cost-effective or dominant compared to zoledronic acid.The adjusted incremental cost-effectiveness ratios varied substantially by tumor type,ranging from CZK 436,339.09 to USD 136,234 per skeletal-related event avoided and from CZK 61,580.95 to USD 118,392.11 per quality-adjusted life year gained.Conclusions The majority of the included studies support denosumab as a more cost-effective treatment option for bone metastases in solid tumors compared to zoledronic acid.The application of CHEER(2022)enhances the reliability of pharmacoeconomic evaluations.
文摘Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of gadopentetate dimeglumine(Gd-DTPA)and gadobenate dimeglumine(Gd-BOPTA)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)contrast agents for the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)from the perspective of China’s healthcare system.Methods A decision tree+partitioned survival model was constructed for early diagnosis of HCC based on literature data.Taking quality-adjusted life year(QALY)as the main health outcome measure for incremental cost-effectiveness ratio(ICER)analysis,the sensitivity analysis by Monte Carlo simulation was constructed to generate corresponding tornado diagram,incremental cost-effectiveness scatter plot,and cost-effectiveness acceptability curve.Results and Conclusion The basic analysis results showed that the ICER value of Gd-BOPTA diagnostic scheme compared with Gd-DTPA diagnostic scheme was 17302.46 yuan/QALY,which is less than 1 times of China’s gross domestic product(GDP)per capita.The sensitivity analysis results showed that the cost of delayed treatment and timely treatment had a significant impact on the results.When the willingness to pay(WTP)was 1 time of GDP per capita,the probability of cost-effectiveness advantage of Gd-BOPTA diagnostic scheme was 65.30%.When the WTP value is set at 1 times of GDP per capita,Gd-BOPTA MRI has cost-effectiveness advantages for the early diagnosis of HCC.
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(Grant No.202402AF080005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52274408,22468029,52274412)+2 种基金Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Grant No.202201AW070014)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.IRT 17R48)the German Research Foundation(DFG,Project number 501766751).
文摘While silicon/carbon(Si/C)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for the next generation of high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the industrialization of Si/C anodes is hampered by high-cost and low product yield.Herein,a high-yield strategy is developed in which photovoltaic waste silicon is converted to cost-effective graphitic Si/C composites(G-Si@C)for LIBs.The introduction of a binder improves the dispersion and compatibility of silicon and graphite,enhances particle sphericity,and significantly reduces the loss rate of the spray prilling process(from about 25%to 5%).As an LIB anode,the fabricated G-Si@C composites exhibit a capacity of 605 mAh g^(-1) after 1200 cycles.The cost of manufacturing Si/C anode materials has been reduced to approximately$7.47 kg^(-1),which is close to that of commercial graphite anode materials($5.0 kg^(-1)),and significantly lower than commercial Si/C materials(ca.$20.74 kg^(-1)).Moreover,the G-Si@C material provides approximately 81.0 Ah/$of capacity,which exceeds the current best commercial graphite anodes(70.0 Ah/$)and Si/C anodes(48.2 Ah/$).The successful implementation of this pathway will significantly promote the industrialization of high-energydensity Si/C anode materials.
基金supported by Faculty of MedicineChiang Mai University+2 种基金supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational SciencesNational Institutes of Healththrough grant number UL1 TR001860. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH。
文摘BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management(TTM) is a common therapeutic intervention, yet its cost-effectiveness remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the real-world cost-effectiveness of TTM compared with that of conventional care in adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA) survivors using clinical patient-level data.METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at an academic medical center in the USA to assess the cost-effectiveness of TTM in adult non-traumatic OHCA survivors between 1 January, 2019 and 30 June, 2023. The primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs) were calculated and compared with various decision makers' willingness to pay. Cost-effectiveness acceptability curves were utilized to evaluate the economic attractiveness of TTM. Uncertainty about the incremental cost and effect was explored with a 95% confidence ellipse.RESULTS: Among 925 non-traumatic OHCA survivors, only 30(3%) received TTM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the TTM group did not demonstrate a significantly lower cost(delta cost-$5,141, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: $-35,347 to $25,065, P=0.79) and higher survival to hospital discharge(delta effect 6%, 95% CI:-11% to 23%, P=0.41). Additionally, a 95% confidence ellipse indicated uncertainty reflected by evidence that the true value of the ICER could be in any of the quadrants of the cost-effectiveness plane.CONCLUSION: Although TTM did not demonstrate a clear survival benefit in this study, its potential cost-effectiveness warrants further investigation with larger sample sizes. These findings highlight the need for additional research to optimize TTM use in OHCA care and inform resource allocation decisions.
基金The 2022 Ministry of Education General Project for Humanities and Social Sciences Research(Grant No.22YJAZH147)the General Subject of Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Development“14th Five-Year Plan”in 2023(Grant No.2023GZYB68)+2 种基金China University Industry-Academia-Research Innovation Fund-Huatong Guokang Medical Research Special Project(Grant No.2023HT017)2024 Guangdong Province General Project for the Planning of Philosophy and Social Sciences(Grant No.GD24CGL29)the Innovation Team Project of Colleges and Universities in Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022WCXTD011).
文摘Different dosage forms can significantly impact pharmacokinetics in vivo,leading to varied effects and potential adverse reactions.This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy,safety,and cost-effectiveness of isosorbide mononitrate sustained-release capsules(IMSRC)combined with conventional treatments,compared to isosorbide mononitrate tablets(IMT)combined with conventional treatments,for managing angina pectoris in patients with coronary heart diseases.A network meta-analysis(NMA)was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of IMSRC and IMT.Relevant literature was sourced from databases,including PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP,covering publications up to July 2023.The cost-effectiveness analysis(CEA)was performed from the perspective of China’s healthcare system,utilizing inputs derived from the NMA.The analysis included 15 studies.The NMA results revealed no significant difference in efficacy and safety between IMSRC plus conventional treatments and IMT plus conventional treatments.However,both combinations were more effective than conventional treatments without isosorbide mononitrate.No differences in safety were observed among the three groups.The surface under the cumulative ranking(SUCRA)of the NMA indicated that IMT had a slight edge over IMSRC in the total effective rate of angina pectoris,whereas IMSRC showed higher probabilities for markedly effective rate and ECG effective rate compared to IMT.The incidence of adverse events was ranked as IMT>conventional preparation>IMSRC.The CEA results highlighted that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios(ICERs)for the markedly effective and total effective rates of angina pectoris were-133.41 and-260.20,respectively.The ICERs for ECG effective rates were-83.34 and-234.24,respectively.In conclusion,while IMSRC combined with conventional treatments and IMT combined with conventional treatments were similar in efficacy and safety,IMSRC proved to be more economical.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency(PEI)leads to fat malabsorption and maldigestion and is most commonly treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy(PERT).Patients suffering from PEI in China are more likely not to receive adequate treatment as this drug is not part of the Chinese national essential medicine list.AIM To examine the cost-effectiveness of PERT for patients suffering from PEI in China.METHODS A decision analytical Markov model was constructed to simulate the progress of patients with PEI in China.The population included in the analyses were patients suffering from PEI with advanced(non-resectable)pancreatic cancer,who have undergone surgery due to pancreatic cancer and who have undergone endoscopic treatment due to chronic pancreatitis.The cost-effectiveness analyses were undertaken from a Chinese societal perspective comparing PERT with no PERT.The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio in United States dollars per quality adjusted life year(QALY)gained is the main outcome.Input was informed by publicly available data supplemented with expert clinical advice.RESULTS The cost-effectiveness analyses estimated that PERT resulted in additional 0.45 to 2.93 QALYs at discounted costs of between 4315 dollars to 15193 dollars.This resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 5178 dollars to 9533 dollars per QALY.The one-way sensitivity analyses showed that the main drivers of the model were the cost of PERT and overall survival.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that PERT is a cost-effective treatment for patients suffering from PEI in China.
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project(No.2022HZ027006,No.2024HZ021023)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20118).
文摘High-entropy materials(HEMs)have attracted considerable research attention in battery applications due to exceptional properties such as remarkable structural stability,enhanced ionic conductivity,superior mechanical strength,and outstanding catalytic activity.These distinctive characteristics render HEMs highly suitable for various battery components,such as electrodes,electrolytes,and catalysts.This review systematically examines recent advances in the application of HEMs for energy storage,beginning with fundamental concepts,historical development,and key definitions.Three principal categories of HEMs,namely high-entropy alloys,high-entropy oxides,and highentropy MXenes,are analyzed with a focus on electrochemical performance metrics such as specific capacity,energy density,cycling stability,and rate capability.The underlying mechanisms by which these materials enhance battery performance are elucidated in the discussion.Furthermore,the pivotal role of machine learning in accelerating the discovery and optimization of novel high-entropy battery materials is highlighted.The review concludes by outlining future research directions and potential breakthroughs in HEM-based battery technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52377206,52307237)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2024E046)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LBH-TZ2413,LBH-Z23198)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes,their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity,and their flammability poses safety concerns,undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems.Herein,we present a cost-effective and highly stable Na_(2)SO_(4)additive introduced into a Zn(ClO_(4))2-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.Through Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,densityfunctional theory computations,and molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that Na+ions improve low-temperature electrolyte performance and mitigate dendrite formation by regulating uniform Zn^(2+)deposition through preferential adsorption and electrostatic interactions.As a result,the Zn||Zn cells using this electrolyte achieve a remarkable cycling life of 360 h at-40℃ with 61% depth of discharge,and the Zn||PANI cells retained an ultrahigh capacity retention of 91%even after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at-40℃.This work proposes a cost-effective and practical approach for enhancing the long-term operational stability of AZMBs in low-temperature environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92166105 and 52005053)High-Tech Industry Science and Technology Innovation Leading Program of Hunan Province(No.2020GK2085)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2021RC3096).
文摘(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics,as an emerging class of ultra-high-temperature materials,have garnered significant interest due to their unique multi-principal-element crystal structure and exceptional hightemperature properties.This study systematically investigates the mechanical properties of(NbZrHfTi)C high-entropy ceramics by employing first-principles density functional theory,combined with the Debye-Grüneisen model,to explore the variations in their thermophysical properties with temperature(0–2000 K)and pressure(0–30 GPa).Thermodynamically,the calculated mixing enthalpy and Gibbs free energy confirm the feasibility of forming a stable single-phase solid solution in(NbZrHfTi)C.The calculated results of the elastic stiffness constant indicate that the material meets the mechanical stability criteria of the cubic crystal system,further confirming the structural stability.Through evaluation of key mechanical parameters—bulk modulus,shear modulus,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio—we provide comprehensive insight into the macro-mechanical behaviour of the material and its correlation with the underlying microstructure.Notably,compared to traditional binary carbides and their average properties,(NbZrHfTi)C exhibits higher Vickers hardness(Approximately 28.5 GPa)and fracture toughness(Approximately 3.4 MPa⋅m^(1/2)),which can be primarily attributed to the lattice distortion and solid-solution strengthening mechanism.The study also utilizes the quasi-harmonic approximation method to predict the material’s thermophysical properties,including Debye temperature(initial value around 563 K),thermal expansion coefficient(approximately 8.9×10^(−6) K−1 at 2000 K),and other key parameters such as heat capacity at constant volume.The results show that within the studied pressure and temperature ranges,(NbZrHfTi)C consistently maintains a stable phase structure and good thermomechanical properties.The thermal expansion coefficient increasing with temperature,while heat capacity approaches the Dulong-Petit limit at elevated temperatures.These findings underscore the potential of(NbZrHfTi)C applications in ultra-high temperature thermal protection systems,cutting tool coatings,and nuclear structural materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52436008)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Projects,China(Nos.JMRHZX20210003 and 2023YFCY0009)+3 种基金the Huaneng Group Co Ltd.,China(No.HNKJ23-H50)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22408044)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M761877)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.SQ2024YFD2200039)。
文摘The electromagnetic wave absorption of silicon carbide nanowires is improved by their uniform and diverse cross-structures.This study introduces a sustainable and high value-added method for synthesizing silicon carbide nanowires using lignite and waste silicon powder as raw materials through carbothermal reduction.The staggered structure of nanowires promotes the creation of interfacial polarization,impedance matching,and multiple loss mechanisms,leading to enhanced electromagnetic absorption performance.The silicon carbide nanowires demonstrate outstanding electromagnetic absorption capabilities with the minimum reflection loss of-48.09 d B at10.08 GHz and an effective absorption bandwidth(the reflection loss less than-10 d B)ranging from 8.54 to 16.68 GHz with a thickness of 2.17 mm.This research presents an innovative approach for utilizing solid waste in an environmentally friendly manner to produce broadband silicon carbide composite absorbers.
基金Supported by Army Logistics Department Health Bureau Project,No.QJGYXYJZX-012.
文摘BACKGROUND Due to the dry and cold climate,the obvious temperature difference between day and night,and the low oxygen content of the air in the plateau area,people are prone to upper respiratory tract diseases,and often the condition is prolonged,and the patients are prone to anxiety and uneasiness,which may be related to the harshness of the plateau environment,somatic discomfort due to the lack of oxygen,anxiety about the disease,and other factors.AIM To investigate the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT)on anxiety,sleep disorders,and hypoxia tolerance in patients with high-altitude respiratory diseases.METHODS A total of 2337 patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases treated at our hospital between November 2023 and January 2024 were selected as the study subjects.The subjects’pre-high-altitude residential altitude was approximately 1700 meters.They were divided into two groups.Both groups were given symptomatic treatment,and the control group implemented conventional nursing intervention,while the research group simultaneously conducted CBT intervention;assessed the degree of health knowledge of the two groups,and applied the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of the patients before and after the intervention,respectively.It also observed the length and efficiency of sleep,and detected the level of serum hypoxia inducible factor-1α,erythropoietin(EPO)and clinical intervention before and after intervention.EPO levels,and investigated satisfaction with the clinical intervention.RESULTS The rate of excellent health knowledge in the intervention group was 93.64%,which was higher than that in the control group(74.23%;P<0.05).Before the intervention,there was no significant difference in Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores between the two groups(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in sleep duration and sleep efficiency between the groups before the intervention(P>0.05),and after the intervention,the scores of the study group were significantly larger than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in serum hypoxia inducible factor-1αand EPO between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05),and both research groups were significantly lower than the control group after intervention(P<0.05).According to the questionnaire survey,the intervention satisfaction of the study group was 95.53%,which was higher than that of the control group(80.14%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION The CBT intervention in the treatment of patients with high-altitude-related respiratory diseases helps improve patients'health knowledge,relieve anxiety,improve sleep quality and hypoxia tolerance,and improve nursing satisfaction.
文摘The moment a media delegation from the Republic of the Congo arrived at the Othello Kitchenware Museum on 18 November 2025,they were greeted with a vivid show of Guangdong’s industrial strength.Standing before them was not a typical exhibition hall,but a building shaped like a gleaming stainless-steel cooking pot.
