How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical k...How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical key tree and supply two important metrics to this problem： re-keying cost and key storage cost. The paper gives the basic theory to the hierarchical data processing and the analyzing model to multieast key management based on logical key tree. It has been proved that the 4-ray tree has the best performance in using these metrics. The key management problem is also investigated based on user probability model, and gives two evaluating parameters to re-keying and key storage cost.展开更多
Based on the perception of flood risk factors derived from the lessons learned by the main stakeholders, namely the members of the National Emergency Response Plan (ORSEC) and the people affected by floods in the stud...Based on the perception of flood risk factors derived from the lessons learned by the main stakeholders, namely the members of the National Emergency Response Plan (ORSEC) and the people affected by floods in the study area (Thies, Senegal), this work consists of modelling the flood risk using Hierarchical Process Analysis (HPA). This modelling made it possible to determine the coherence index (CI) and the coherence ratio, which were evaluated respectively at 0.27% and 5% according to the perception of the members of the ORSEC Plan, and at 0.28% and 5% according to the perception of the disaster victims. These results show that the working approach is coherent and acceptable. We then carried out Hierarchical Fuzzy Process Analysis (HFPA), an extension of HFPA, which seeks to minimize the margins of error. FPHA uses fuzzification of perception contributions, interference rules and defuzzification to determine the Net Flood Risk Index (NFRI). Integrated with ArcGIS software, the NFRI is used to generate flood risk maps that reveal a high risk of vulnerability of the main outlets occupied by human settlements.展开更多
The brain processes information in the visual hierarchy through parallel streams.In this review,we first introduce the visual hierarchy at the macroscopic level along the dorsal and ventral streams.We then delve into ...The brain processes information in the visual hierarchy through parallel streams.In this review,we first introduce the visual hierarchy at the macroscopic level along the dorsal and ventral streams.We then delve into the mesoscopic modular architecture of the extrastriate area to illustrate how parallel and hierarchical processing are implemented in the early-to-mid visual system.These organizational principles have influenced the design of artificial neural networks.Advances in neuroimaging and neural networks now enable the exploration of modular organization in the visual cortex,as well as their digital counterparts.We propose that integrating biological principles with computational approaches can deepen our understanding of the visual system and promote the development of biologically plausible artificial intelligence.展开更多
Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluatio...Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluation is introduced to make decision in slicing schemes for a processing part. The application in determining the slicing scheme for a computer mouse during prototyping shows that the method increases the rationality during decision- making and improves quality and efficiency for the prototyping part.展开更多
With the continuous expansion of digital infrastructures,malicious behaviors in host systems have become increasingly sophisticated,often spanning multiple processes and employing obfuscation techniques to evade detec...With the continuous expansion of digital infrastructures,malicious behaviors in host systems have become increasingly sophisticated,often spanning multiple processes and employing obfuscation techniques to evade detection.Audit logs,such as Sysmon,offer valuable insights;however,existing approaches typically flatten event sequences or rely on generic graph models,thereby discarding the natural parent-child process hierarchy that is critical for analyzing multiprocess attacks.This paper proposes a structure-aware threat detection framework that transforms audit logs into a unified two-dimensional(2D)spatio-temporal representation,where process hierarchy is modeled as the spatial axis and event chronology as the temporal axis.In addition,entropy-based features are incorporated to robustly capture obfuscated and non-linguistic strings,overcoming the limitations of semantic embeddings.The model’s performance was evaluated on publicly available datasets,achieving competitive results with an accuracy exceeding 95%and an F1-score of at least 0.94.The proposed approach provides a promising and reproducible solution for detecting attacks with unknown indicators of compromise(IoCs)by analyzing the relationships and behaviors of processes recorded in large-scale audit logs.展开更多
The existing network security management systems are unable either to provide users with useful security situation and risk assessment, or to aid administrators to make right and timely decisions based on the current ...The existing network security management systems are unable either to provide users with useful security situation and risk assessment, or to aid administrators to make right and timely decisions based on the current state of network. These disadvantages always put the whole network security management at high risk. This paper establishes a simulation environment, captures the alerts as the experimental data and adopts statistical analysis to seek the vulnerabilities of the services provided by the hosts in the network. According to the factors of the network, the paper introduces the two concepts： Situational Meta and Situational Weight to depict the total security situation. A novel hierarchical algorithm based on analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is proposed to analyze the hierarchy of network and confirm the weighting coefficients. The algorithm can be utilized for modeling security situation, and determining its mathematical expression. Coupled with the statistical results, this paper simulates the security situational trends. Finally, the analysis of the simulation results proves the algorithm efficient and applicable, and provides us with an academic foundation for the implementation in the security situation展开更多
In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the ...In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the water table as well as its quality.Better management practices and artificial recharge are needed for the development of sustainable groundwater resources.This study proposes a methodology to delineate favorable groundwater potential recharge zones(FPRI)by integrating maps of groundwater potential recharge index(PRI)with the DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index(VI).In order to evaluate both indexes,different thematic layers corresponding to each index were overlaid in ArcGIS.In the overlay analysis,the weights(for various thematic layers)and rating values(for sub-classes)were allocated based on a review of published literature.Both were then normalized and modified using the analytical hierarchical process(AHP)and a frequency ratio model respectively.After evaluating PRI and FPRI,these maps were validated using the area under the curve(AUC)method.The PRI map indicates that 53%of the area assessed exists in very low to low recharge zones,22%in moderate,and 25%in high to excellent potential recharge zones.The VI map indicates that 38%of the area assessed exists in very low to low vulnerability,33%in moderate,and 29%in high to very high vulnerability zones.The FPRI map shows that the central region of Punjab is moderately-to-highly favorable for recharge due to its low vulnerability and high recharge potential.During the validation process,it was found that the AUC estimated with modified weights and rating values was 79%and 67%,for PRI and VI indexes,respectively.The AUC was less when evaluated using original weights and rating values taken from published literature.Maps of favorable groundwater potential recharge zones are helpful for planning and implementation of wells and hydraulic structures in this region.展开更多
Under appropriate physicochemical conditions, short peptide fragments and their synthetic mimics have been shown to form elongated cross-fl nanostructures through self-assembly. The self-assembly process and the resul...Under appropriate physicochemical conditions, short peptide fragments and their synthetic mimics have been shown to form elongated cross-fl nanostructures through self-assembly. The self-assembly process and the resultant peptide nanos- tructures are not only related to neurodegenerative diseases but also provide inspiration for the development of novel bionanomaterials. Both experimental and theoretical studies on peptide self-assembly have shown that the self-assembly process spans multiple time and length scales and is hierarchical, β-sheet self-assembly consists of three sub-processes from the microscopic to the mesoscopic level： β-sheet locking, lateral stacking, and morphological transformation. De- tailed atomistic simulation studies have provided insight into the early stages of peptide nanostructure formation and the interplay between different non-covalent interactions at the microscopic level. This review gives a brief introduction of the hierarchical peptide self-assembly process and focuses on the roles of various non-covalent interactions in the sub-processes based on recent simulation, experimental, and theoretical studies.展开更多
Towards integration of supply chain, manufacturing/production and investment decision making, this paper presents a hierarchical model architecture which contains six sub-models covering the areas of manufacturing con...Towards integration of supply chain, manufacturing/production and investment decision making, this paper presents a hierarchical model architecture which contains six sub-models covering the areas of manufacturing control, production operation, design and revamp, production management, supply chain and investment decision making. Six types of flow, material, energy, information, humanware, partsware and capital are clasified. These flows connect enterprise components/subsystems to formulate system topology and logical structure. Enterprise components/subsystems are abstracted to generic elementary and composite classes. Finally, the model architecture is applied to a management system of an integrated suply chain, and suggestion are made on the usage of the model architecture and further development of the model as well as implementation issues.展开更多
This paper deals with the statistical modeling of latent topic hierarchies in text corpora. The height of the topic tree is assumed as fixed, while the number of topics on each level as unknown a priori and to be infe...This paper deals with the statistical modeling of latent topic hierarchies in text corpora. The height of the topic tree is assumed as fixed, while the number of topics on each level as unknown a priori and to be inferred from data. Taking a nonpara-metric Bayesian approach to this problem, we propose a new probabilistic generative model based on the nested hierarchical Dirichlet process (nHDP) and present a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm for the inference of the topic tree structure as well as the word distribution of each topic and topic distribution of each document. Our theoretical analysis and experiment results show that this model can produce a more compact hierarchical topic structure and captures more fine-grained topic rela-tionships compared to the hierarchical latent Dirichlet allocation model.展开更多
Decision in reality often have the characteristic of hierarchy because of the hierarchy of an organization＇s structure. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchic Markov decision model that considers the intera...Decision in reality often have the characteristic of hierarchy because of the hierarchy of an organization＇s structure. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchic Markov decision model that considers the interactions of agents in different levels and different time scales of levels. A backward induction algo- rithm is given for the model to solve the optimal policy of finite stage hierarchic decision problem. The proposed model and its algorithm are illustrated with an example about two-level hierar- chical decision problem of infrastructure maintenance. The opti- mal policy of the example is solved and the impacts of interactions between levels on decision making are analyzed.展开更多
Interpretative structural model(ISM) can transform a multivariate problem into several sub-variable problems to analyze a complex industrial structure in a more efficient way by building a multi-level hierarchical str...Interpretative structural model(ISM) can transform a multivariate problem into several sub-variable problems to analyze a complex industrial structure in a more efficient way by building a multi-level hierarchical structure model. To build an ISM of a production system, the partial correlation coefficient method is proposed to obtain the adjacency matrix, which can be transformed to ISM. According to estimation of correlation coefficient, the result can give actual variable correlations and eliminate effects of intermediate variables. Furthermore, this paper proposes an effective approach using ISM to analyze the main factors and basic mechanisms that affect the energy consumption in an ethylene production system. The case study shows that the proposed energy consumption analysis method is valid and efficient in improvement of energy efficiency in ethylene production.展开更多
The High-energy Fragment Separator(HFRS),which is currently under construction,is a leading international radioactive beam device.Multiple sets of position-sensitive twin time projection chamber(TPC)detectors are dist...The High-energy Fragment Separator(HFRS),which is currently under construction,is a leading international radioactive beam device.Multiple sets of position-sensitive twin time projection chamber(TPC)detectors are distributed on HFRS for particle identification and beam monitoring.The twin TPCs'readout electronics system operates in a trigger-less mode due to its high counting rate,leading to a challenge of handling large amounts of data.To address this problem,we introduced an event-building algorithm.This algorithm employs a hierarchical processing strategy to compress data during transmission and aggregation.In addition,it reconstructs twin TPCs'events online and stores only the reconstructed particle information,which significantly reduces the burden on data transmission and storage resources.Simulation studies demonstrated that the algorithm accurately matches twin TPCs'events and reduces more than 98%of the data volume at a counting rate of 500 kHz/channel.展开更多
This document describes the creation of an informative Web GIS aimed at mitigating the impacts of flooding in the municipality of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, a region that is highly sensitive to climate change. Burk...This document describes the creation of an informative Web GIS aimed at mitigating the impacts of flooding in the municipality of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, a region that is highly sensitive to climate change. Burkina Faso, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, faces major natural threats, particularly flooding, as demonstrated by the severe floods of 2009 that caused loss of life, injury, structural damage and economic losses in Ouagadougou. The aim of this research is to develop a web map highlighting the municipality’s flood-prone areas, with a view to informing and raising awareness of flood risk reduction. Using the Leaflet JavaScript mapping library, the study uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript to implement web mapping technology. Data on Ouagadougou’s flood zones is generated by a multi-criteria analysis combining Saaty’s AHP method and GIS in QGIS, integrating seven (7) parameters including hydrography, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. QGIS processes and maps the themes, PostgreSQL with PostGIS serves as the DBMS and GeoServer functions as the map server. The Web GIS platform allows users to visualize the different flood risks, from very low to very high, or the high-risk areas specific to Ouagadougou. The AHP calculations classify the municipality into five flood vulnerability zones: very low (24.48%), low (27.93%), medium (23.01%), high (17.11%) and very high (7.47%). Effective risk management requires communication and awareness-raising. This online mapping application serves as a tool for communication, management and flood prevention in Ouagadougou, helping to mitigate flood-related natural disasters.展开更多
In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evalu...In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evaluation index. As a result, 81 indices and the hierarchical structures of the index such as the object layer, the sub-object layer, the criterion layer and the index layer are determined. Then, based on the fuzzy characteristics of each index layer, the analytical hierarchy process（AHP）and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are applied to generate the weight and the satisfaction of the index and the criterion layers. When analyzing the relationship between the sub-object layer and the object layer, it is easy to find that the number of sub-objects is too large and sub-objects are significantly redundant. The partial least square （PLS） is proposed to solve the problems. Finally, an application example, whose result has already been accepted and employed as the indication of a new project in improving incident management, is introduced and the result verifies the feasibility and efficiency of the model.展开更多
A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopmen...A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and analytical hierarchical process （AHP）, a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering （BPR） with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.展开更多
Rainfall induced landslides are a common threat to the communities living on dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Extreme population pressure, indiscriminate hill cutting, increased precip...Rainfall induced landslides are a common threat to the communities living on dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Extreme population pressure, indiscriminate hill cutting, increased precipitation events due to global warming and associated unplanned urbanization in the hills are exaggerating landslide events. The aim of this article is to prepare a scientifically accurate landslide susceptibility map by combining landslide initiation and runout maps. Land cover, slope, soil permeability, surface geology, precipitation, aspect, and distance to hill cut, road cut, drainage and stream network factor maps were selected by conditional independence test. The locations of 56 landslides were collected by field surveying. A weight of evidence(Wo E) method was applied to calculate the positive(presence of landslides) and negative(absence of landslides) factor weights. A combination of analytical hierarchical process(AHP) and fuzzymembership standardization(weighs from 0 to 1) was applied for performing a spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Expert opinion guided the decision rule for AHP. The Flow-R tool that allows modeling landslide runout from the initiation sources was applied. The flow direction was calculated using the modified Holmgren's algorithm. The AHP landslide initiation and runout susceptibility maps were used to prepare a combined landslide susceptibility map. The relative operating characteristic curve was used for model validation purpose. The accuracy of Wo E, AHP, and combined susceptibility map was calculated 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively.展开更多
Sustainable management of groundwater resources has now become an obligation,especially in arid and semi-arid regions given the socio-economic importance of this resource.The optimization in zoning for groundwater exp...Sustainable management of groundwater resources has now become an obligation,especially in arid and semi-arid regions given the socio-economic importance of this resource.The optimization in zoning for groundwater exploitation helps in planning and managing groundwater supply works such as boreholes and wells in the catchment.The objective of this study is to use remote sensing and GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)techniques to evaluate the groundwater potential of Wadi Saida Watershed.Spatial analysis such as geostatistics was also used to validate results and ensure more accuracy.Through the GIS tools and remote sensing technique,earth observation data were converted into thematic layers such as lineament density,geology,drainage density,slope,land use and rainfall,which were combined to delineate groundwater potential zones.Based on their respective impact on groundwater potential,the AHP approach was adopted to assign weights on multi-influencing factors.These results will enable decision-makers to optimize hydrogeological exploration in large-scale catchment areas and map areas.According to the results,the southern part of the Wadi Saida Watershed is characterized as a higher groundwater potential area,where 32%of the total surface area falls in the excellent and good class of groundwater potential.The validation process revealed a 71%agreement between the estimated and actual yield of the existing boreholes in the study area.展开更多
There is a lot of information in healthcare and medical records.However,it is challenging for humans to turn data into information and spot hidden patterns in today’s digitally based culture.Effective decision suppor...There is a lot of information in healthcare and medical records.However,it is challenging for humans to turn data into information and spot hidden patterns in today’s digitally based culture.Effective decision support technologies can help medical professionals find critical information concealed in voluminous data and support their clinical judgments and in different healthcare management activities.This paper presented an extensive literature survey for healthcare systems using machine learning based on multi-criteria decision-making.Various existing studies are considered for review,and a critical analysis is being done through the reviews study,which can help the researchers to explore other research areas to cater for the need of the field.展开更多
Data fusion generates fused data by combining multiple sources,resulting in information that is more consistent,accurate,and useful than any individual source and more reliable and consistent than the raw original dat...Data fusion generates fused data by combining multiple sources,resulting in information that is more consistent,accurate,and useful than any individual source and more reliable and consistent than the raw original data,which are often imperfect,inconsistent,complex,and uncertain.Traditional data fusion methods like probabilistic fusion,set-based fusion,and evidential belief reasoning fusion methods are computationally complex and require accurate classification and proper handling of raw data.Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources.Data filtering means examining a dataset to exclude,rearrange,or apportion data according to the criteria.Different sensors generate a large amount of data,requiring the development of machine learning(ML)algorithms to overcome the challenges of traditional methods.The advancement in hardware acceleration and the abundance of data from various sensors have led to the development of machine learning(ML)algorithms,expected to address the limitations of traditional methods.However,many open issues still exist as machine learning algorithms are used for data fusion.From the literature,nine issues have been identified irrespective of any application.The decision-makers should pay attention to these issues as data fusion becomes more applicable and successful.A fuzzy analytical hierarchical process(FAHP)enables us to handle these issues.It helps to get the weights for each corresponding issue and rank issues based on these calculated weights.The most significant issue identified is the lack of deep learning models used for data fusion that improve accuracy and learning quality weighted 0.141.The least significant one is the cross-domain multimodal data fusion weighted 0.076 because the whole semantic knowledge for multimodal data cannot be captured.展开更多
基金Supported by the National High-Technology Re-search and Development Programof China(2001AA115300) the Na-tional Natural Science Foundation of China (69874038) ,the Nat-ural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(20031018)
文摘How to design a multicast key management system with high performance is a hot issue now. This paper will apply the idea of hierarchical data processing to construct a common analytic model based on directed logical key tree and supply two important metrics to this problem： re-keying cost and key storage cost. The paper gives the basic theory to the hierarchical data processing and the analyzing model to multieast key management based on logical key tree. It has been proved that the 4-ray tree has the best performance in using these metrics. The key management problem is also investigated based on user probability model, and gives two evaluating parameters to re-keying and key storage cost.
文摘Based on the perception of flood risk factors derived from the lessons learned by the main stakeholders, namely the members of the National Emergency Response Plan (ORSEC) and the people affected by floods in the study area (Thies, Senegal), this work consists of modelling the flood risk using Hierarchical Process Analysis (HPA). This modelling made it possible to determine the coherence index (CI) and the coherence ratio, which were evaluated respectively at 0.27% and 5% according to the perception of the members of the ORSEC Plan, and at 0.28% and 5% according to the perception of the disaster victims. These results show that the working approach is coherent and acceptable. We then carried out Hierarchical Fuzzy Process Analysis (HFPA), an extension of HFPA, which seeks to minimize the margins of error. FPHA uses fuzzification of perception contributions, interference rules and defuzzification to determine the Net Flood Risk Index (NFRI). Integrated with ArcGIS software, the NFRI is used to generate flood risk maps that reveal a high risk of vulnerability of the main outlets occupied by human settlements.
基金supported by the STI2030-Major Projects(Grant No.2021ZD0203600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31971031,31930053)the Research Center for Brain Cognition and Human Development,Guangdong,China(Grant No.2024B0303390003)。
文摘The brain processes information in the visual hierarchy through parallel streams.In this review,we first introduce the visual hierarchy at the macroscopic level along the dorsal and ventral streams.We then delve into the mesoscopic modular architecture of the extrastriate area to illustrate how parallel and hierarchical processing are implemented in the early-to-mid visual system.These organizational principles have influenced the design of artificial neural networks.Advances in neuroimaging and neural networks now enable the exploration of modular organization in the visual cortex,as well as their digital counterparts.We propose that integrating biological principles with computational approaches can deepen our understanding of the visual system and promote the development of biologically plausible artificial intelligence.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Support Key Project of Jiangsu Province (DE2008365)~~
文摘Based on analyzing the influences of a slicing scheme on stair-stepping effect, supporting structure, efficiency and deformation, etc. , analytical hierarchical process （AHP） combining with fuzzy synthetic evaluation is introduced to make decision in slicing schemes for a processing part. The application in determining the slicing scheme for a computer mouse during prototyping shows that the method increases the rationality during decision- making and improves quality and efficiency for the prototyping part.
基金supported by the Nuclear Safety Research Program through Korea Foundation of Nuclear Safety(KoFONS)using the financial resource granted by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission(NSSC)of the Republic of Korea(Grant number:2106061,50%)supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(RS-2025-25394739,Development of Security Enhancement Technology for Industrial Control Systems Based on S/HBOM Supply Chain Protection,50%).
文摘With the continuous expansion of digital infrastructures,malicious behaviors in host systems have become increasingly sophisticated,often spanning multiple processes and employing obfuscation techniques to evade detection.Audit logs,such as Sysmon,offer valuable insights;however,existing approaches typically flatten event sequences or rely on generic graph models,thereby discarding the natural parent-child process hierarchy that is critical for analyzing multiprocess attacks.This paper proposes a structure-aware threat detection framework that transforms audit logs into a unified two-dimensional(2D)spatio-temporal representation,where process hierarchy is modeled as the spatial axis and event chronology as the temporal axis.In addition,entropy-based features are incorporated to robustly capture obfuscated and non-linguistic strings,overcoming the limitations of semantic embeddings.The model’s performance was evaluated on publicly available datasets,achieving competitive results with an accuracy exceeding 95%and an F1-score of at least 0.94.The proposed approach provides a promising and reproducible solution for detecting attacks with unknown indicators of compromise(IoCs)by analyzing the relationships and behaviors of processes recorded in large-scale audit logs.
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China （No. 2003AA142160） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 60605019）.
文摘The existing network security management systems are unable either to provide users with useful security situation and risk assessment, or to aid administrators to make right and timely decisions based on the current state of network. These disadvantages always put the whole network security management at high risk. This paper establishes a simulation environment, captures the alerts as the experimental data and adopts statistical analysis to seek the vulnerabilities of the services provided by the hosts in the network. According to the factors of the network, the paper introduces the two concepts： Situational Meta and Situational Weight to depict the total security situation. A novel hierarchical algorithm based on analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is proposed to analyze the hierarchy of network and confirm the weighting coefficients. The algorithm can be utilized for modeling security situation, and determining its mathematical expression. Coupled with the statistical results, this paper simulates the security situational trends. Finally, the analysis of the simulation results proves the algorithm efficient and applicable, and provides us with an academic foundation for the implementation in the security situation
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0602302 and 2016YFB0502502)。
文摘In Punjab(Pakistan),the increasing population and expansion of land use for agriculture have severely exploited the regional groundwater resources.Intensive pumping has resulted in a rapid decline in the level of the water table as well as its quality.Better management practices and artificial recharge are needed for the development of sustainable groundwater resources.This study proposes a methodology to delineate favorable groundwater potential recharge zones(FPRI)by integrating maps of groundwater potential recharge index(PRI)with the DRASTIC-based groundwater vulnerability index(VI).In order to evaluate both indexes,different thematic layers corresponding to each index were overlaid in ArcGIS.In the overlay analysis,the weights(for various thematic layers)and rating values(for sub-classes)were allocated based on a review of published literature.Both were then normalized and modified using the analytical hierarchical process(AHP)and a frequency ratio model respectively.After evaluating PRI and FPRI,these maps were validated using the area under the curve(AUC)method.The PRI map indicates that 53%of the area assessed exists in very low to low recharge zones,22%in moderate,and 25%in high to excellent potential recharge zones.The VI map indicates that 38%of the area assessed exists in very low to low vulnerability,33%in moderate,and 29%in high to very high vulnerability zones.The FPRI map shows that the central region of Punjab is moderately-to-highly favorable for recharge due to its low vulnerability and high recharge potential.During the validation process,it was found that the AUC estimated with modified weights and rating values was 79%and 67%,for PRI and VI indexes,respectively.The AUC was less when evaluated using original weights and rating values taken from published literature.Maps of favorable groundwater potential recharge zones are helpful for planning and implementation of wells and hydraulic structures in this region.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21373270 and 11504431)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of China(Grant No.15CX02025A)
文摘Under appropriate physicochemical conditions, short peptide fragments and their synthetic mimics have been shown to form elongated cross-fl nanostructures through self-assembly. The self-assembly process and the resultant peptide nanos- tructures are not only related to neurodegenerative diseases but also provide inspiration for the development of novel bionanomaterials. Both experimental and theoretical studies on peptide self-assembly have shown that the self-assembly process spans multiple time and length scales and is hierarchical, β-sheet self-assembly consists of three sub-processes from the microscopic to the mesoscopic level： β-sheet locking, lateral stacking, and morphological transformation. De- tailed atomistic simulation studies have provided insight into the early stages of peptide nanostructure formation and the interplay between different non-covalent interactions at the microscopic level. This review gives a brief introduction of the hierarchical peptide self-assembly process and focuses on the roles of various non-covalent interactions in the sub-processes based on recent simulation, experimental, and theoretical studies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 79931000) and The State Major Basic Research Development Program (No. G20000263).
文摘Towards integration of supply chain, manufacturing/production and investment decision making, this paper presents a hierarchical model architecture which contains six sub-models covering the areas of manufacturing control, production operation, design and revamp, production management, supply chain and investment decision making. Six types of flow, material, energy, information, humanware, partsware and capital are clasified. These flows connect enterprise components/subsystems to formulate system topology and logical structure. Enterprise components/subsystems are abstracted to generic elementary and composite classes. Finally, the model architecture is applied to a management system of an integrated suply chain, and suggestion are made on the usage of the model architecture and further development of the model as well as implementation issues.
基金Project (No. 60773180) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘This paper deals with the statistical modeling of latent topic hierarchies in text corpora. The height of the topic tree is assumed as fixed, while the number of topics on each level as unknown a priori and to be inferred from data. Taking a nonpara-metric Bayesian approach to this problem, we propose a new probabilistic generative model based on the nested hierarchical Dirichlet process (nHDP) and present a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm for the inference of the topic tree structure as well as the word distribution of each topic and topic distribution of each document. Our theoretical analysis and experiment results show that this model can produce a more compact hierarchical topic structure and captures more fine-grained topic rela-tionships compared to the hierarchical latent Dirichlet allocation model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70971048)
文摘Decision in reality often have the characteristic of hierarchy because of the hierarchy of an organization＇s structure. In this paper, we propose a two-level hierarchic Markov decision model that considers the interactions of agents in different levels and different time scales of levels. A backward induction algo- rithm is given for the model to solve the optimal policy of finite stage hierarchic decision problem. The proposed model and its algorithm are illustrated with an example about two-level hierar- chical decision problem of infrastructure maintenance. The opti- mal policy of the example is solved and the impacts of interactions between levels on decision making are analyzed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61374166,6153303)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(20120010110010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YS1404,JD1413,ZY1502)
文摘Interpretative structural model(ISM) can transform a multivariate problem into several sub-variable problems to analyze a complex industrial structure in a more efficient way by building a multi-level hierarchical structure model. To build an ISM of a production system, the partial correlation coefficient method is proposed to obtain the adjacency matrix, which can be transformed to ISM. According to estimation of correlation coefficient, the result can give actual variable correlations and eliminate effects of intermediate variables. Furthermore, this paper proposes an effective approach using ISM to analyze the main factors and basic mechanisms that affect the energy consumption in an ethylene production system. The case study shows that the proposed energy consumption analysis method is valid and efficient in improvement of energy efficiency in ethylene production.
基金partially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Science(No.XDB 34030000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11975293 and 12205348)。
文摘The High-energy Fragment Separator(HFRS),which is currently under construction,is a leading international radioactive beam device.Multiple sets of position-sensitive twin time projection chamber(TPC)detectors are distributed on HFRS for particle identification and beam monitoring.The twin TPCs'readout electronics system operates in a trigger-less mode due to its high counting rate,leading to a challenge of handling large amounts of data.To address this problem,we introduced an event-building algorithm.This algorithm employs a hierarchical processing strategy to compress data during transmission and aggregation.In addition,it reconstructs twin TPCs'events online and stores only the reconstructed particle information,which significantly reduces the burden on data transmission and storage resources.Simulation studies demonstrated that the algorithm accurately matches twin TPCs'events and reduces more than 98%of the data volume at a counting rate of 500 kHz/channel.
文摘This document describes the creation of an informative Web GIS aimed at mitigating the impacts of flooding in the municipality of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, a region that is highly sensitive to climate change. Burkina Faso, which is undergoing rapid urbanization, faces major natural threats, particularly flooding, as demonstrated by the severe floods of 2009 that caused loss of life, injury, structural damage and economic losses in Ouagadougou. The aim of this research is to develop a web map highlighting the municipality’s flood-prone areas, with a view to informing and raising awareness of flood risk reduction. Using the Leaflet JavaScript mapping library, the study uses HTML, CSS and JavaScript to implement web mapping technology. Data on Ouagadougou’s flood zones is generated by a multi-criteria analysis combining Saaty’s AHP method and GIS in QGIS, integrating seven (7) parameters including hydrography, altitude, slope, rainfall, soil types, land use and soil moisture index. QGIS processes and maps the themes, PostgreSQL with PostGIS serves as the DBMS and GeoServer functions as the map server. The Web GIS platform allows users to visualize the different flood risks, from very low to very high, or the high-risk areas specific to Ouagadougou. The AHP calculations classify the municipality into five flood vulnerability zones: very low (24.48%), low (27.93%), medium (23.01%), high (17.11%) and very high (7.47%). Effective risk management requires communication and awareness-raising. This online mapping application serves as a tool for communication, management and flood prevention in Ouagadougou, helping to mitigate flood-related natural disasters.
文摘In order to evaluate the general situation and find special problems of the freeway incident management system, an evaluation model is proposed. First, the expert appraisal approach is used to select the primary evaluation index. As a result, 81 indices and the hierarchical structures of the index such as the object layer, the sub-object layer, the criterion layer and the index layer are determined. Then, based on the fuzzy characteristics of each index layer, the analytical hierarchy process（AHP）and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are applied to generate the weight and the satisfaction of the index and the criterion layers. When analyzing the relationship between the sub-object layer and the object layer, it is easy to find that the number of sub-objects is too large and sub-objects are significantly redundant. The partial least square （PLS） is proposed to solve the problems. Finally, an application example, whose result has already been accepted and employed as the indication of a new project in improving incident management, is introduced and the result verifies the feasibility and efficiency of the model.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70471009)Natural Science Foundation Project of CQ CSTC, China (No. 2006BA2033).
文摘A set of indices for performance evaluation for business processes with multiple inputs and multiple outputs is proposed, which are found in machinery manufacturers. Based on the traditional methods of data envelopment analysis （DEA） and analytical hierarchical process （AHP）, a hybrid model called DEA/AHP model is proposed to deal with the evaluation of business process performance. With the proposed method, the DEA is firstly used to develop a pairwise comparison matrix, and then the AHP is applied to evaluate the performance of business process using the pairwise comparison matrix. The significant advantage of this hybrid model is the use of objective data instead of subjective human judgment for performance evaluation. In the case study, a project of business process reengineering （BPR） with a hydraulic machinery manufacturer is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the DEA/AHP model.
基金funded by the Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems at George Mason University, USABayes Ahmed is a Commonwealth Scholar funded by the UK govt
文摘Rainfall induced landslides are a common threat to the communities living on dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Extreme population pressure, indiscriminate hill cutting, increased precipitation events due to global warming and associated unplanned urbanization in the hills are exaggerating landslide events. The aim of this article is to prepare a scientifically accurate landslide susceptibility map by combining landslide initiation and runout maps. Land cover, slope, soil permeability, surface geology, precipitation, aspect, and distance to hill cut, road cut, drainage and stream network factor maps were selected by conditional independence test. The locations of 56 landslides were collected by field surveying. A weight of evidence(Wo E) method was applied to calculate the positive(presence of landslides) and negative(absence of landslides) factor weights. A combination of analytical hierarchical process(AHP) and fuzzymembership standardization(weighs from 0 to 1) was applied for performing a spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Expert opinion guided the decision rule for AHP. The Flow-R tool that allows modeling landslide runout from the initiation sources was applied. The flow direction was calculated using the modified Holmgren's algorithm. The AHP landslide initiation and runout susceptibility maps were used to prepare a combined landslide susceptibility map. The relative operating characteristic curve was used for model validation purpose. The accuracy of Wo E, AHP, and combined susceptibility map was calculated 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively.
文摘Sustainable management of groundwater resources has now become an obligation,especially in arid and semi-arid regions given the socio-economic importance of this resource.The optimization in zoning for groundwater exploitation helps in planning and managing groundwater supply works such as boreholes and wells in the catchment.The objective of this study is to use remote sensing and GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)techniques to evaluate the groundwater potential of Wadi Saida Watershed.Spatial analysis such as geostatistics was also used to validate results and ensure more accuracy.Through the GIS tools and remote sensing technique,earth observation data were converted into thematic layers such as lineament density,geology,drainage density,slope,land use and rainfall,which were combined to delineate groundwater potential zones.Based on their respective impact on groundwater potential,the AHP approach was adopted to assign weights on multi-influencing factors.These results will enable decision-makers to optimize hydrogeological exploration in large-scale catchment areas and map areas.According to the results,the southern part of the Wadi Saida Watershed is characterized as a higher groundwater potential area,where 32%of the total surface area falls in the excellent and good class of groundwater potential.The validation process revealed a 71%agreement between the estimated and actual yield of the existing boreholes in the study area.
文摘There is a lot of information in healthcare and medical records.However,it is challenging for humans to turn data into information and spot hidden patterns in today’s digitally based culture.Effective decision support technologies can help medical professionals find critical information concealed in voluminous data and support their clinical judgments and in different healthcare management activities.This paper presented an extensive literature survey for healthcare systems using machine learning based on multi-criteria decision-making.Various existing studies are considered for review,and a critical analysis is being done through the reviews study,which can help the researchers to explore other research areas to cater for the need of the field.
基金supported in part by the Higher Education Sprout Project from the Ministry of Education(MOE)and National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan(109-2628-E-224-001-MY3,112-2622-E-224-003)and in part by Isuzu Optics Corporation.Dr.Shih-Yu Chen is the corresponding author.
文摘Data fusion generates fused data by combining multiple sources,resulting in information that is more consistent,accurate,and useful than any individual source and more reliable and consistent than the raw original data,which are often imperfect,inconsistent,complex,and uncertain.Traditional data fusion methods like probabilistic fusion,set-based fusion,and evidential belief reasoning fusion methods are computationally complex and require accurate classification and proper handling of raw data.Data fusion is the process of integrating multiple data sources.Data filtering means examining a dataset to exclude,rearrange,or apportion data according to the criteria.Different sensors generate a large amount of data,requiring the development of machine learning(ML)algorithms to overcome the challenges of traditional methods.The advancement in hardware acceleration and the abundance of data from various sensors have led to the development of machine learning(ML)algorithms,expected to address the limitations of traditional methods.However,many open issues still exist as machine learning algorithms are used for data fusion.From the literature,nine issues have been identified irrespective of any application.The decision-makers should pay attention to these issues as data fusion becomes more applicable and successful.A fuzzy analytical hierarchical process(FAHP)enables us to handle these issues.It helps to get the weights for each corresponding issue and rank issues based on these calculated weights.The most significant issue identified is the lack of deep learning models used for data fusion that improve accuracy and learning quality weighted 0.141.The least significant one is the cross-domain multimodal data fusion weighted 0.076 because the whole semantic knowledge for multimodal data cannot be captured.
