Sinopodophylli Fructus is the commonly used traditional Tibetan medicinal herb. In the present study, we established a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to simultaneously determine three lig...Sinopodophylli Fructus is the commonly used traditional Tibetan medicinal herb. In the present study, we established a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to simultaneously determine three lignans and five flavonoid constituents, namely podophyllotoxin, desoxypodophyUotoxin, 4＇-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin, 8-prenylkaemferol, quercetin, kaempferol, 8,2＇-diprenylquercetin 3-methylether and 8-prenylquercetin, in Sinopodophylli Fructus. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C_18 analytical column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was set at 290 nm and 370 rim, and the column oven was set at 35℃. This method provided a good reproducibility, and its overall intra- and inter-day precision was less than 3% and 4%, respectively. The recovery of the method was 98.29%-101.60%, and a good linearity （R2≥0.9992） was obtained for all the analytes over a relatively wide range of concentration. A total of 17 samples ofS. hexandrum （12 fruits, 5 roots and rhizomes） were collected from different areas and then successfully quantified. The results indicated that the contents of eight compounds significantly varied （the sum content ranged from 16.90 to 55.68 mg/g）, and prenylated fiavonoids could be used as marker constituents in the identification and quality control of Sinopodophylli Fructus.展开更多
Podophyllotoxin is isolated mainly from the rhizomes of Podophyllum plants, and serves as the main precursor for synthesis of anticancer drugs, such as VP-16 and VM-26. VP-16 and VM-26 are used for curing lung cancer,...Podophyllotoxin is isolated mainly from the rhizomes of Podophyllum plants, and serves as the main precursor for synthesis of anticancer drugs, such as VP-16 and VM-26. VP-16 and VM-26 are used for curing lung cancer, testicular cancer, neuroblastoma, hepatoma and other tumors. However, these plants are all near-extinction species due to over-collection and their own biological characteristics. The chemical synthesis of podophyllotoxin is so complicated that its price is unbelievably high. This paper discusses the current status of the biosynthetic pathway of podophyllotoxin and that of the podophyllotoxin production using several biotechnological approaches such as plant organ cultures, plant cell cultures with both flasks and bioreactors, hairy root cultures, bioconversions and metabolic regulations.展开更多
Objective To test possible antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of the extract...Objective To test possible antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of the extract to interact with the stable free radical DPPH, Superoxide （02）, Hydroxyl （OH）, Hydrogen peroxide （H202） radicals, and reducing power ability of the extract was also evaluated. Under in vivo conditions the extract was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity by measuring different biochemical parameters, such as serum alanine aminotransaminase, serum aspartate aminotransaminase and serum lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant status was estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase （GR）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione-S-transferase （GST） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and by determining the levels of reduced glutathione （GSH） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）. Results Hexane extract of P. hexondrum exhibited good radical scavenging capacity in neutralization of DPPH, O2-, OH, and H202 radicals in a dose dependent manner, n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum at the doses of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg-day produced hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum marker enzymes, while it significantly increased the levels of glutathione （GSH）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione reductase （GR）, super oxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in a dose dependant manner. The effect of n-hexane extract was comparable to that of standard antioxidant vitamin E. Conclusion The extract of Podophyllum hexandrum possess free radical scavenging activity under in vitro conditions and could protect the liver tissue against CCI4 induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities.展开更多
Radiation induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are reported to cause lung injuries such as pneumonitis and fibrosis which may be fatal at times. Current study is designed to analyse the radioprotective e...Radiation induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are reported to cause lung injuries such as pneumonitis and fibrosis which may be fatal at times. Current study is designed to analyse the radioprotective efficacy of P. hexandrum active principles (G-002M) on lungs of mice exposed to high dose of gamma irradiation (7 Gy). Cellular profiles and inflammatory cell infiltrates of irradiated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have shown correlations with lung pathology. Cell counts were determined in BALF of control, 7 Gy radiation exposed and radiation with G-002M pretreated mice. ROS/Nitric Oxide (NO) production was measured by 2,7?dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA) through microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. Immunostaining of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in BALF cells and lung sections was also observed microscopically. iNOS ex- pression was observed in lungs by western blotting. BALF was also processed to estimate total protein, LDH, and phospholipids content. Catalase, reduced Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation were estimated in lung tissues. Pre-administration of G-002M significantly decreased radiation mediated neutrophils count in BALF of irradiated mice. ROS generation, iNOS expression, total protein, LDH and phospholipids were found less affected in G-002M pretreated group in comparison to radiation alone group. Radiation exposure to mice was found apparently leading to parenchymal fibrosis, an architectural distortion of the lung tissue with edema, infiltration of inflammatory blood cells with increased immunolabeling of iNOS. G-002M pretreatment significantly countered radiation mediated increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GR, catalase and GSH in mice. Current study demonstrates possible role of P. hexandrum (G-002M) in minimizing lung damage induced by radiation mediated ROS/RNS generation.展开更多
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and col...Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and collection have led to the disappearance of this species in China and India. Effective methods such as tissue culture should be adopted to conserve it to abtain a large scale. It was an crucial process for the final success of tissue culture that seedlings with roots and true leaves in flasks were transferred to soil in field. A protocol has been development for in vitro rooting and hardening and en vitro transplant of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Roots were efficiently established on WPM media supplemented with IAA 1.5 mg·L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L-1. Before transferred to soil containing turfysoil and perlite (2:1), rooted plants were exposed to air for 5d for adaptation. Two periods were good for transplanting this plantlets.展开更多
Objectives:To investigate the diversity and community composition of endophytes in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum(Royle)Ying.Methods:S.hexandrum samples(n=15)were collected at five sites on the Tibetan Plateau.High quality...Objectives:To investigate the diversity and community composition of endophytes in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum(Royle)Ying.Methods:S.hexandrum samples(n=15)were collected at five sites on the Tibetan Plateau.High quality sequences from high-throughput sequencing were clustered into operational taxonomic units(OTUs)by Clustering and Classification Inference with U-Statistics,and the OTUs were further divided into different genera according to Ribosomal Database Project classification.Alpha and beta diversity analyses were conducted to explore community diversity and composition.Results:A total of 1221 OTUs were obtained,representing 133 genera(with 98 specific to genus).The QJ and XH sampling sites had the most(n=67)and fewest(n=36)genera,respectively.The dominant fungi at the DT,LD,QJ and XH sites were Ascomycota,while the dominant fungi at the BX site were Basidiomycota.Tetracladium,Exophiala and Pseudogymnoascus showed obvious host preference in all samples.The dominant fungi in the three provinces were Tetracladium,Penicillium,and Cantharellales,respectively.The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices of the 15 samples ranged from 0.48 to 3.10.Endophytic fungi were clustered into three branches based on geographical location.Conclusion:Our findings provide a research basis for the exploitation and utilization of national medicinal plants with abundant microbial resources.展开更多
Slnopodophyllum hexandrum （Royle） Ying Is an Important medicinal and endangered species. Inter-simple sequence repeats （ISSR） analysis was conducted on seven natural populations from western Slchuan Province to In...Slnopodophyllum hexandrum （Royle） Ying Is an Important medicinal and endangered species. Inter-simple sequence repeats （ISSR） analysis was conducted on seven natural populations from western Slchuan Province to Investigate the genetic diversity of S. hexandrum. Leaf samples of 140 Individuals were collected. Of the 139 discernible fragments generated by 12 selected primers （among 100 primers）, 54 appeared to be polymorphlc. The percentage of polymorphlc bands （PPB） was 38.85% at the species level, and PPB within a population ranged from 7.91% to 23.74%. Low levels of genetic variation （He = 0.092, Ho = 0.142） and high levels of genetic differentiation among the populations （Gst= 62.25%） was detected on the basis of results from POPGENE and analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA）, respectively. Furthermore, the limited gene flow （Nm = 0.361） may result from biological characteristics, such as self-pollination and short distance seed dispersal. Based on the genetic and ecological Information available for S. hexandrum, we propose some appropriate strategies for the conservation of the endangered medicinal species in this region, namely rescuing and conserving the core populations for in situ conservation and sampling and preserving more populations with fewer Individuals from each population for ex situ conservation.展开更多
Podophyllum hexandrum is a perennial herb and a valuable medicinal plant.Its common name is mayapple and is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalayan area of Pakistan.It has been used through the...Podophyllum hexandrum is a perennial herb and a valuable medicinal plant.Its common name is mayapple and is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalayan area of Pakistan.It has been used through the ages and in modern time as an intestinal purgative,inhibitor of tumor growth and salve for necrotic and infected wounds.Many important secondary metabolites have been reported to be extracted from the plant among which the most important one is podophyllotoxin as it possesses antitumor property which is used for the treatment of testicular cancer as well as lung cancer.The plant is very badly overexploited which causes decline in the frequency of this species in the past few years.It needs immediate attention for conservation by improving propagation techniques.This article reviews briefly the medicinal,phytochemical,pharmacological and conservation-related aspects of the plant.展开更多
基金National Key Technology R&D Program"New Drug Innovation"of China(Grant No.2009ZX09308-004,2013ZX09103002-006)
文摘Sinopodophylli Fructus is the commonly used traditional Tibetan medicinal herb. In the present study, we established a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography method to simultaneously determine three lignans and five flavonoid constituents, namely podophyllotoxin, desoxypodophyUotoxin, 4＇-demethyldesoxypodophyllotoxin, 8-prenylkaemferol, quercetin, kaempferol, 8,2＇-diprenylquercetin 3-methylether and 8-prenylquercetin, in Sinopodophylli Fructus. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C_18 analytical column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.05% phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV detection was set at 290 nm and 370 rim, and the column oven was set at 35℃. This method provided a good reproducibility, and its overall intra- and inter-day precision was less than 3% and 4%, respectively. The recovery of the method was 98.29%-101.60%, and a good linearity （R2≥0.9992） was obtained for all the analytes over a relatively wide range of concentration. A total of 17 samples ofS. hexandrum （12 fruits, 5 roots and rhizomes） were collected from different areas and then successfully quantified. The results indicated that the contents of eight compounds significantly varied （the sum content ranged from 16.90 to 55.68 mg/g）, and prenylated fiavonoids could be used as marker constituents in the identification and quality control of Sinopodophylli Fructus.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tibet (Grant No. 2002-66)
文摘Podophyllotoxin is isolated mainly from the rhizomes of Podophyllum plants, and serves as the main precursor for synthesis of anticancer drugs, such as VP-16 and VM-26. VP-16 and VM-26 are used for curing lung cancer, testicular cancer, neuroblastoma, hepatoma and other tumors. However, these plants are all near-extinction species due to over-collection and their own biological characteristics. The chemical synthesis of podophyllotoxin is so complicated that its price is unbelievably high. This paper discusses the current status of the biosynthetic pathway of podophyllotoxin and that of the podophyllotoxin production using several biotechnological approaches such as plant organ cultures, plant cell cultures with both flasks and bioreactors, hairy root cultures, bioconversions and metabolic regulations.
基金funded by National Medicinal Plants Board,Department of AYUSH,Ministry of Health and Family Welfare,GOI,to Dr MA Zargar Vide Grant No. Z18017-187/PR/GO/JK/04/2005-06/NMPB
文摘Objective To test possible antioxidant activity of n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Methods The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by the ability of the extract to interact with the stable free radical DPPH, Superoxide （02）, Hydroxyl （OH）, Hydrogen peroxide （H202） radicals, and reducing power ability of the extract was also evaluated. Under in vivo conditions the extract was evaluated for its hepatoprotective activity by measuring different biochemical parameters, such as serum alanine aminotransaminase, serum aspartate aminotransaminase and serum lactate dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidant status was estimated by determining the activities of antioxidative enzymes, glutathione reductase （GR）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione-S-transferase （GST） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and by determining the levels of reduced glutathione （GSH） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances （TBARS）. Results Hexane extract of P. hexondrum exhibited good radical scavenging capacity in neutralization of DPPH, O2-, OH, and H202 radicals in a dose dependent manner, n-hexane extract of Podophyllum hexandrum at the doses of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg-day produced hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the activity of serum marker enzymes, while it significantly increased the levels of glutathione （GSH）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, glutathione reductase （GR）, super oxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in a dose dependant manner. The effect of n-hexane extract was comparable to that of standard antioxidant vitamin E. Conclusion The extract of Podophyllum hexandrum possess free radical scavenging activity under in vitro conditions and could protect the liver tissue against CCI4 induced oxidative stress probably by increasing antioxidant defense activities.
文摘Radiation induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are reported to cause lung injuries such as pneumonitis and fibrosis which may be fatal at times. Current study is designed to analyse the radioprotective efficacy of P. hexandrum active principles (G-002M) on lungs of mice exposed to high dose of gamma irradiation (7 Gy). Cellular profiles and inflammatory cell infiltrates of irradiated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) have shown correlations with lung pathology. Cell counts were determined in BALF of control, 7 Gy radiation exposed and radiation with G-002M pretreated mice. ROS/Nitric Oxide (NO) production was measured by 2,7?dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) and diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF-2DA) through microscopy and flow cytometry respectively. Immunostaining of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in BALF cells and lung sections was also observed microscopically. iNOS ex- pression was observed in lungs by western blotting. BALF was also processed to estimate total protein, LDH, and phospholipids content. Catalase, reduced Glutathione (GSH), Glutathione reductase (GR) and lipid peroxidation were estimated in lung tissues. Pre-administration of G-002M significantly decreased radiation mediated neutrophils count in BALF of irradiated mice. ROS generation, iNOS expression, total protein, LDH and phospholipids were found less affected in G-002M pretreated group in comparison to radiation alone group. Radiation exposure to mice was found apparently leading to parenchymal fibrosis, an architectural distortion of the lung tissue with edema, infiltration of inflammatory blood cells with increased immunolabeling of iNOS. G-002M pretreatment significantly countered radiation mediated increased lipid peroxidation and decreased GR, catalase and GSH in mice. Current study demonstrates possible role of P. hexandrum (G-002M) in minimizing lung damage induced by radiation mediated ROS/RNS generation.
文摘Podophyllum hexandrum Royle is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin with anti-cancer properties. In China, it is used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recent years, unplanned exploiting and collection have led to the disappearance of this species in China and India. Effective methods such as tissue culture should be adopted to conserve it to abtain a large scale. It was an crucial process for the final success of tissue culture that seedlings with roots and true leaves in flasks were transferred to soil in field. A protocol has been development for in vitro rooting and hardening and en vitro transplant of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle. Roots were efficiently established on WPM media supplemented with IAA 1.5 mg·L-1 and NAA 0.5 mg·L-1. Before transferred to soil containing turfysoil and perlite (2:1), rooted plants were exposed to air for 5d for adaptation. Two periods were good for transplanting this plantlets.
基金The Qinghai Province Key Research&Development and Transformation Plan Project in 2023(2023-NK-133)The Special Fund for Innovation Capacity Construction of Scientific Research Institutions in Guizhou Province(QIANKEHEFUQI(2021)2,QIANKEHEFUQI[2024]010)。
文摘Objectives:To investigate the diversity and community composition of endophytes in Sinopodophyllum hexandrum(Royle)Ying.Methods:S.hexandrum samples(n=15)were collected at five sites on the Tibetan Plateau.High quality sequences from high-throughput sequencing were clustered into operational taxonomic units(OTUs)by Clustering and Classification Inference with U-Statistics,and the OTUs were further divided into different genera according to Ribosomal Database Project classification.Alpha and beta diversity analyses were conducted to explore community diversity and composition.Results:A total of 1221 OTUs were obtained,representing 133 genera(with 98 specific to genus).The QJ and XH sampling sites had the most(n=67)and fewest(n=36)genera,respectively.The dominant fungi at the DT,LD,QJ and XH sites were Ascomycota,while the dominant fungi at the BX site were Basidiomycota.Tetracladium,Exophiala and Pseudogymnoascus showed obvious host preference in all samples.The dominant fungi in the three provinces were Tetracladium,Penicillium,and Cantharellales,respectively.The Shannon-Weiner diversity indices of the 15 samples ranged from 0.48 to 3.10.Endophytic fungi were clustered into three branches based on geographical location.Conclusion:Our findings provide a research basis for the exploitation and utilization of national medicinal plants with abundant microbial resources.
文摘Slnopodophyllum hexandrum （Royle） Ying Is an Important medicinal and endangered species. Inter-simple sequence repeats （ISSR） analysis was conducted on seven natural populations from western Slchuan Province to Investigate the genetic diversity of S. hexandrum. Leaf samples of 140 Individuals were collected. Of the 139 discernible fragments generated by 12 selected primers （among 100 primers）, 54 appeared to be polymorphlc. The percentage of polymorphlc bands （PPB） was 38.85% at the species level, and PPB within a population ranged from 7.91% to 23.74%. Low levels of genetic variation （He = 0.092, Ho = 0.142） and high levels of genetic differentiation among the populations （Gst= 62.25%） was detected on the basis of results from POPGENE and analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA）, respectively. Furthermore, the limited gene flow （Nm = 0.361） may result from biological characteristics, such as self-pollination and short distance seed dispersal. Based on the genetic and ecological Information available for S. hexandrum, we propose some appropriate strategies for the conservation of the endangered medicinal species in this region, namely rescuing and conserving the core populations for in situ conservation and sampling and preserving more populations with fewer Individuals from each population for ex situ conservation.
文摘Podophyllum hexandrum is a perennial herb and a valuable medicinal plant.Its common name is mayapple and is native to the lower elevations in and surrounding the Himalayan area of Pakistan.It has been used through the ages and in modern time as an intestinal purgative,inhibitor of tumor growth and salve for necrotic and infected wounds.Many important secondary metabolites have been reported to be extracted from the plant among which the most important one is podophyllotoxin as it possesses antitumor property which is used for the treatment of testicular cancer as well as lung cancer.The plant is very badly overexploited which causes decline in the frequency of this species in the past few years.It needs immediate attention for conservation by improving propagation techniques.This article reviews briefly the medicinal,phytochemical,pharmacological and conservation-related aspects of the plant.
