Polypeptides consisting of amino acid(AA)sequences are suitable for high-density information storage.However,the lack of suitable encoding systems,which accommodate the characteristics of polypeptide synthesis,storage...Polypeptides consisting of amino acid(AA)sequences are suitable for high-density information storage.However,the lack of suitable encoding systems,which accommodate the characteristics of polypeptide synthesis,storage and sequencing,impedes the application of polypeptides for large-scale digital data storage.To address this,two reliable and highly efficient encoding systems,i.e.RaptorQ-Arithmetic-Base64-Shuffle-RS(RABSR)and RaptorQArithmetic-Huffman-Rotary-Shuffle-RS(RAHRSR)systems,are developed for polypeptide data storage.The two encoding systems realized the advantages of compressing data,correcting errors of AA chain loss,correcting errors within AA chains,eliminating homopolymers,and pseudo-randomized encrypting.The coding efficiency without arithmetic compression and error correction of audios,pictures and texts by the RABSR system was 3.20,3.12 and 3.53 Bits/AA,respectively.While that using the RAHRSR system reached 4.89,4.80 and 6.84 Bits/AA,respectively.When implemented with redundancy for error correction and arithmetic compression to reduce redundancy,the coding efficiency of audios,pictures and texts by the RABSR system was 4.43,4.36 and 5.22 Bits/AA,respectively.This efficiency further increased to 7.24,7.11 and 9.82 Bits/AA by the RAHRSR system,respectively.Therefore,the developed hexadecimal polypeptide-based systems may provide a new scenario for highly reliable and highly efficient data storage.展开更多
The advancements in digital circuits have led to the development of very complex and large assemblies of logic gates that are electronically integrated together to synthesize highly effective electronics,microprocesso...The advancements in digital circuits have led to the development of very complex and large assemblies of logic gates that are electronically integrated together to synthesize highly effective electronics,microprocessors and computer systems.However,the complexity of these devices must be succinctly simplified to achieve simplest circuits.The functions of some logic gates in the circuits must be inverted to minimize the existence of noise and other sources of interference that can distort the performance of the circuits.Besides,most circuit designers and programmers often oversight thorough diagnosis of the Boolean expressions for designing digital circuits.This paper proposes 26 new theorems of digital logic.The proven theorems demonstrate that logic gates are prominently embedded within the elements of hexadecimal notations and the Boolean expressions that are used for designing digital circuits,synthesizing and inverting the functions of six different logic gates during the simplification of complex digital circuits.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFA0902600,2021YFF1200300,and 2020YFA0712102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21877104,21834007,22107097,21878258,22020102003,and 22125701)+2 种基金K.C.Wong Education Foundation (GJTD-2018-09)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (2021226)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y20B060027).
文摘Polypeptides consisting of amino acid(AA)sequences are suitable for high-density information storage.However,the lack of suitable encoding systems,which accommodate the characteristics of polypeptide synthesis,storage and sequencing,impedes the application of polypeptides for large-scale digital data storage.To address this,two reliable and highly efficient encoding systems,i.e.RaptorQ-Arithmetic-Base64-Shuffle-RS(RABSR)and RaptorQArithmetic-Huffman-Rotary-Shuffle-RS(RAHRSR)systems,are developed for polypeptide data storage.The two encoding systems realized the advantages of compressing data,correcting errors of AA chain loss,correcting errors within AA chains,eliminating homopolymers,and pseudo-randomized encrypting.The coding efficiency without arithmetic compression and error correction of audios,pictures and texts by the RABSR system was 3.20,3.12 and 3.53 Bits/AA,respectively.While that using the RAHRSR system reached 4.89,4.80 and 6.84 Bits/AA,respectively.When implemented with redundancy for error correction and arithmetic compression to reduce redundancy,the coding efficiency of audios,pictures and texts by the RABSR system was 4.43,4.36 and 5.22 Bits/AA,respectively.This efficiency further increased to 7.24,7.11 and 9.82 Bits/AA by the RAHRSR system,respectively.Therefore,the developed hexadecimal polypeptide-based systems may provide a new scenario for highly reliable and highly efficient data storage.
文摘The advancements in digital circuits have led to the development of very complex and large assemblies of logic gates that are electronically integrated together to synthesize highly effective electronics,microprocessors and computer systems.However,the complexity of these devices must be succinctly simplified to achieve simplest circuits.The functions of some logic gates in the circuits must be inverted to minimize the existence of noise and other sources of interference that can distort the performance of the circuits.Besides,most circuit designers and programmers often oversight thorough diagnosis of the Boolean expressions for designing digital circuits.This paper proposes 26 new theorems of digital logic.The proven theorems demonstrate that logic gates are prominently embedded within the elements of hexadecimal notations and the Boolean expressions that are used for designing digital circuits,synthesizing and inverting the functions of six different logic gates during the simplification of complex digital circuits.
