The ubiquitous adoption of mobile devices as essential platforms for sensitive data transmission has heightened the demand for secure client-server communication.Although various authentication and key agreement proto...The ubiquitous adoption of mobile devices as essential platforms for sensitive data transmission has heightened the demand for secure client-server communication.Although various authentication and key agreement protocols have been developed,current approaches are constrained by homogeneous cryptosystem frameworks,namely public key infrastructure(PKI),identity-based cryptography(IBC),or certificateless cryptography(CLC),each presenting limitations in client-server architectures.Specifically,PKI incurs certificate management overhead,IBC introduces key escrow risks,and CLC encounters cross-system interoperability challenges.To overcome these shortcomings,this study introduces a heterogeneous signcryption-based authentication and key agreement protocol that synergistically integrates IBC for client operations(eliminating PKI’s certificate dependency)with CLC for server implementation(mitigating IBC’s key escrow issue while preserving efficiency).Rigorous security analysis under the mBR(modified Bellare-Rogaway)model confirms the protocol’s resistance to adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks.Quantitative comparisons demonstrate that the proposed protocol achieves 10.08%–71.34%lower communication overhead than existing schemes across multiple security levels(80-,112-,and 128-bit)compared to existing protocols.展开更多
A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without in...A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.展开更多
Heterogeneous nucleation,characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites,has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials.In recent years,th...Heterogeneous nucleation,characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites,has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials.In recent years,the dispersion of inclusions,carbides,and microstructure refinement in steel have emerged as one of the key research directions in the development of high-quality steel.The current research status regarding the regulation of inclusions,carbides,and microstructures in steel through heterogeneous nucleation are reviewed.The key points and challenges in refining the second phase and microstructure in steel using inclusion particles are highlighted,aiming to provide inspiration and references for future scholars.Deoxidized inclusions,when refined and dispersed,exhibit favorable lattice matching with second phases(e.g.,nitrides,sulfides,carbides)in steel.This characteristic serves as the fundamental mechanism for achieving refinement of the second phase.Concurrently,the solid-solution alloying effect from deoxidizing metals contributes to second-phase refinement,an aspect that requires prioritized investigation.In addition to the single heterogeneous nucleation refinement effect,the two-stage heterogeneous nucleation refinement of the second phase and microstructure offers a new approach for follow-up research.Notably,second-phase particles added as heterogeneous nucleation sites via external addition often require surface modification to ensure their stable retention in steel at high temperatures,which remains a major challenge restricting the widespread application of this method.Currently,the explanation of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena primarily relies on empirical calculations of lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nucleating phase,which cannot fully elucidate the quantitative relationship on the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase.On this basis,quantifying the electronic structure and nucleation barrier at the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase is a critical direction worthy of increased attention in the future.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these i...With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these issues,we propose Federated Dynamic Prototype Learning(FedDPL)for malware classification by integrating Federated Learning with a specifically designed K-means.Under the Federated Learning framework,model training occurs locally without data sharing,effectively protecting user data privacy and preventing the leakage of sensitive information.Furthermore,to tackle the challenges of data heterogeneity and the lack of category information,FedDPL introduces a dynamic prototype learning mechanism,which adaptively adjusts the clustering prototypes in terms of position and number.Thus,the dependency on predefined category numbers in typical K-means and its variants can be significantly reduced,resulting in improved clustering performance.Theoretically,it provides a more accurate detection of malicious behavior.Experimental results confirm that FedDPL excels in handling malware classification tasks,demonstrating superior accuracy,robustness,and privacy protection.展开更多
Heterogeneous polymerization represents a widely employed method in the polyolefin industry.In recent years,various heterogenization strategies for late transition metal catalysts have been developed,enabling effectiv...Heterogeneous polymerization represents a widely employed method in the polyolefin industry.In recent years,various heterogenization strategies for late transition metal catalysts have been developed,enabling effective control of polymer morphology and optimization of catalytic performance.However,while most studies have focused on designing anchoring groups and advancing support approaches,systematic investigations into how the support influences the catalytic behavior of the late transition metal catalysts.In this work,we fabricated supported α-diimine nickel catalysts by functionalizing the ligand with alkyl alcohol chains of varying lengths and supporting them onto MgCl_(2)supports.The ethylene polymerization behavior of these catalysts was then investigated.By precisely adjusting the alkyl alcohol chain length,the distance between the catalytically active metal center and the support surface was modulated.This approach demonstrates that support-induced steric hindrance effect can be effectively regulated by controlling the separation distance between the metal center and the support surface.展开更多
To obtain protease-and lipase-producing halotolerant/halophilic strains suitable for shrimp paste(SP)fermentation,the microbial community structure and enzyme-producing microbial species were analyzed and predicted us...To obtain protease-and lipase-producing halotolerant/halophilic strains suitable for shrimp paste(SP)fermentation,the microbial community structure and enzyme-producing microbial species were analyzed and predicted using metagenomics in 3 high-salt samples.Based on the linear salt gradient method,128 strains were screened.Eight halotolerant/halophilic strains highly producing 2 types of enzymes were identified and inoculated into lowsalt SP to assess the heterogeneity of SP.Physicochemical properties of SP indicated that Bacillus subtilis XJ-11,Virgibacillus halodenitrificans XJ-229,Piscibacillus halophilus XY-193,and Bacillus vallismortis HT-73 were more suitable for rapid fermentation of SP.Nutritional analysis showed that SP inoculated with V.halodenitrificans XJ-229 had the highest free amino acid content and SP inoculated with P.halophilus XY-193 had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content.The former had prominent umami,sweetness,and meaty aroma,weak bitterness and fishy flavor,and the closest flavor to the control(CP)based on sensory evaluation and E-nose analysis.A total of 61 volatile compounds were detected in all samples by SPME-GC-MS,of which 32,23,40,24,and 28 were detected in the CP and SP inoculated with B.subtilis XJ-11,V.halodenitrificans XJ-229,P.halophilus XY-193,and B.vallismortis HT-73,respectively,with 12,11,12,9,and 9 key flavor compounds.Among several samples,the highest levels of pyrazines,aldehydes,alcohols,and ketones were found in SP inoculated with B.subtilis XJ-11,V.halodenitrificans XJ-229,P.halophilus XY-193,and B.vallismortis HT-73,respectively.These results suggested that inoculation of different enzyme-producing halotolerant/halophilic strains resulted in differences in SP quality and main flavors.This study provides some references for process control and interpretation of heterogeneous mechanisms in low-salt SP fermented by inoculated strains.展开更多
This paper focuses on the leader-following positive consensus problems of heterogeneous switched multi-agent systems.First,a state-feedback controller with dynamic compensation is introduced to achieve positive consen...This paper focuses on the leader-following positive consensus problems of heterogeneous switched multi-agent systems.First,a state-feedback controller with dynamic compensation is introduced to achieve positive consensus under average dwell time switching.Then sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the positive consensus.The gain matrices of the control protocol are described using a matrix decomposition approach and the corresponding computational complexity is reduced by resorting to linear programming and co-positive Lyapunov functions.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results obtained.展开更多
Urban traffic generates massive and diverse data,yet most systems remain fragmented.Current approaches to congestion management suffer from weak data consistency and poor scalability.This study addresses this gap by p...Urban traffic generates massive and diverse data,yet most systems remain fragmented.Current approaches to congestion management suffer from weak data consistency and poor scalability.This study addresses this gap by proposing the Urban Traffic Congestion Unified Metadata Model(UTC-UMM).The goal is to provide a standardized and extensible framework for describing,extracting,and storing multisource traffic data in smart cities.The model defines a two-tier specification that organizes nine core traffic resource classes.It employs an eXtensible Markup Language(XML)Schema that connects general elements with resource-specific elements.This design ensures both syntactic and semantic interoperability across siloed datasets.Extension principles allow new elements or constraints to be introducedwithout breaking backward compatibility.Adistributed pipeline is implemented usingHadoop Distributed File System(HDFS)and HBase.It integrates computer vision for video and natural language processing for text to automate metadata extraction.Optimized row-key designs enable low-latency queries.Performance is tested with the Yahoo!Cloud Serving Benchmark(YCSB),which shows linear scalability and high throughput.The results demonstrate that UTC-UMM can unify heterogeneous traffic data while supporting real-time analytics.The discussion highlights its potential to improve data reuse,portability,and scalability in urban congestion studies.Future research will explore integration with association rulemining and advanced knowledge representation to capture richer spatiotemporal traffic patterns.展开更多
In recent years,three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly,enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality(XR)environments.In additi...In recent years,three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly,enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality(XR)environments.In addition,methods for deploying multiple cameras for motion capture of users(e.g.,performers)are widely used in computer graphics.As the need to minimize and optimize the number of cameras grows to reduce costs,various technologies and research approaches focused on Optimal Camera Placement(OCP)are continually being proposed.However,as most existing studies assume homogeneous camera setups,there is a growing demand for studies on heterogeneous camera setups.For instance,technical demands keep emerging in scenarios with minimal camera configurations,especially regarding cost factors,the physical placement of cameras given the spatial structure,and image capture strategies for heterogeneous cameras,such as high-resolution RGB cameras and depth cameras.In this study,we propose a pre-visualization and simulation method for the optimal placement of heterogeneous cameras in XR environments,accounting for both the specifications of heterogeneous cameras(e.g.,field of view)and the physical configuration(e.g.,wall configuration)in real-world spaces.The proposed method performs a visibility analysis of cameras by considering each camera’s field-of-view volume,resolution,and unique characteristics,along with physicalspace constraints.This approach enables the optimal position and rotation of each camera to be recommended,along with the minimum number of cameras required.In the results of our study conducted in heterogeneous camera combinations,the proposed method achieved 81.7%~82.7%coverage of the target visual information using only 2~3 cameras.In contrast,single(or homogeneous)-typed cameras were required to use 11 cameras for 81.6%coverage.Accordingly,we found that camera deployment resources can be reduced with the proposed approaches.展开更多
The bipartite containment control problem for heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems(HNMASs)within multi-group networks under signed digraphs is investigated,where the first-order and second-order nonlinear dynam...The bipartite containment control problem for heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems(HNMASs)within multi-group networks under signed digraphs is investigated,where the first-order and second-order nonlinear dynamic agents belong to distinct groups.Interactions are cooperative-antagonistic within each group and sign-in-degree balanced across the inter-groups.Firstly,a state feedback control protocol is designed to ensure that the trajectories of followers in diverse groups can converge to distinct convex hulls formed by their corresponding leaders,respectively.As an extension,the bipartite control problem with time-variant formation for the multi-agent system(MAS)is also considered,and a corresponding control protocol with formation compensation vectors is given.Finally,in view of Lyapunov stability theory and matrix inequality,the sufficient conditions for realizing the bipartite containment control are obtained,and several simulations are provided to verify the validity of the above methods.展开更多
Fault-tolerant systems are crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of missioncritical applications in modern computing environments.The dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture is a key componen...Fault-tolerant systems are crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of missioncritical applications in modern computing environments.The dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture is a key component in constructing fault-tolerant systems,particularly in areas such as national security,power networks,and banking private networks.DHR is transforming the cyberspace security industry chain by accommodating a broader range of applications and increasingly capturing the market.However,the development of applications for DHR architecture encounters challenges due to the complexities of handling heterogeneity,managing dynamism,and maintaining usability.To address these issues,we introduce MimicStudio,a comprehensive development framework with a standardized workflow.To our knowledge,MimicStudio is the first effective solution for DHR software development.We present a detailed implementation of MimicStudio with a heterogeneous microcontroller unit project,encompassing three CPUs with different instruction set architectures.The paper evaluates MimicStudio’s support for essential features,including zero-copy synchronization,parallelized build,multi-core collaborative debugging,and dynamic adjustment of the software system’s structure.Our results show that MimicStudio provides a flexible and efficient solution for supporting the dynamic,heterogeneous,and redundant features of fault-tolerant systems.展开更多
Under equivalent stiffness conditions,material substitution based on a thin-walled design is crucial for the lightweight of components.Developing high-performance steels with both high-yield strength and excellent duc...Under equivalent stiffness conditions,material substitution based on a thin-walled design is crucial for the lightweight of components.Developing high-performance steels with both high-yield strength and excellent ductility has become a key focus in fields like aerospace and lowaltitude flight.The novel low-density steel presented here exhibits a yield strength of 1000 MPa,which is 2-3 times higher than conventional low-alloy high-strength steels,while maintaining an elongation of about 18.7%.By combining ex-situ experimental characterization with a phase mechanical response model based on the iso-work theory and the von Mises equivalent method,the role of heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening was revealed.The calculated values align closely with experimental results.This exceptional performance is attributed to a multiphase heterogeneous microstructure,where fresh martensite,bainite/tempered martensite,and deformation-induced martensite act as hard regions.These regions release micro-stresses through inhomogeneous cooperative deformation with soft ferrite,enabling multiple plastic deformation mechanisms and stress concentration relief.This research offers new insights into optimizing microstructures through mechanical metallurgy,which is crucial for producing high-performance,lightweight components.展开更多
Hard disk drives(HDDs)serve as the primary storage devices in modern data centers.Once a failure occurs,it often leads to severe data loss,significantly degrading the reliability of storage systems.Numerous studies ha...Hard disk drives(HDDs)serve as the primary storage devices in modern data centers.Once a failure occurs,it often leads to severe data loss,significantly degrading the reliability of storage systems.Numerous studies have proposed machine learning-based HDD failure prediction models.However,the Self-Monitoring,Analysis,and Reporting Technology(SMART)attributes differ across HDD manufacturers.We define hard drives of the same brand and model as homogeneous HDD groups,and those from different brands or models as heterogeneous HDD groups.In practical engineering scenarios,a data center is often composed of a heterogeneous population of HDDs,spanning multiple vendors and models.Existing research predominantly focuses on homogeneous datasets,ignoring the model’s generalization capability across heterogeneous HDDs.As a result,HDD models with limited samples often suffer from poor training effectiveness and prediction performance.To address this issue,we investigate generalizable SMART predictors across heterogeneous HDD groups.By extracting time-series features within a fixed sliding time window,we propose a Heterogeneous Disk Failure Prediction Method based on Time Series Features(HDFPM)framework.This method is adaptable to HDD models with limited sample sizes,thereby enhancing its applicability and robustness across diverse drive populations.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an F1-score of 0.9518 when applied to two different Seagate HDD models,while maintaining the False Positive Rate(FPR)below 1%.After incorporating the Complexity-Ratio Dynamic Time Warping(CDTW)based feature enhancement method,the best prediction model achieves a True Positive Rate(TPR)of up to 0.93 between the two models.For next-day failure prediction across various Seagate models,the model achieves an F1-score of up to 0.8792.Moreover,the experimental results also show that within the same brand,the higher the proportion of shared SMART attributes across different models,the better the prediction performance.In addition,HDFPMdemonstrates the best stability andmost significant performance in heterogeneous environments.展开更多
Background Multibreed genomic prediction(MBGP)is crucial for improving prediction accuracy for breeds with small populations,for which limited data are often available.Recent studies have demonstrated that partitionin...Background Multibreed genomic prediction(MBGP)is crucial for improving prediction accuracy for breeds with small populations,for which limited data are often available.Recent studies have demonstrated that partitioning the genome into nonoverlapping blocks to model heterogeneous genetic(co)variance in multitrait models can achieve higher joint prediction accuracy.However,the block partitioning method,a key factor influencing model performance,has not been extensively explored.Results We introduce mbBayesABLD,a novel Bayesian MBGP model that partitions each chromosome into nonoverlapping blocks on the basis of linkage disequilibrium(LD)patterns.In this model,marker effects within each block are assumed to follow normal distributions with block-specific parameters.We employ simulated data as well as empirical datasets from pigs and beans to assess genomic prediction accuracy across different models using cross-validation.The results demonstrate that mbBayesABLD significantly outperforms conventional MBGP models,such as GBLUP and BayesR.For the meat marbling score trait in pigs,compared with GBLUP,which does not account for heterogeneous genetic(co)variance,mbBayesABLD improves the prediction accuracy for the small-population breed Landrace by 15.6%.Furthermore,our findings indicate that a moderate level of similarity in LD patterns between breeds(with an average correlation of 0.6)is sufficient to improve the prediction accuracy of the target breed.Conclusions This study presents a novel LD block-based approach for multibreed genomic prediction.Our work provides a practical tool for livestock breeding programs and offers new insights into leveraging genetic diversity across breeds for improved genomic prediction.展开更多
Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is con...Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.展开更多
Heterogeneous metal-catalyzed chemical conversions with a recyclable catalyst are very ideal and challenging for sustainable organic synthesis.A new bipyridyl-Mo(IV)-carbon nitride(CN-K/Mo-Bpy)was prepared by supporti...Heterogeneous metal-catalyzed chemical conversions with a recyclable catalyst are very ideal and challenging for sustainable organic synthesis.A new bipyridyl-Mo(IV)-carbon nitride(CN-K/Mo-Bpy)was prepared by supporting molybdenum complex on C_(3)N_(4)-K and characterized by FT-IR,XRD,SEM,XPS and ICP-OES.Heterogeneous CN–Mo-Bpy catalyst can be applied to the direct amination of nitroarenes and arylboronic acid,thus constructing various valuable diarylamines in high to excellent yields with a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.It is worth noting that this heterogeneous catalyst has high chemical stability and can be recycled for at least five times without reducing its activity.展开更多
Heterogeneous crystallization is a common occurrence during the formation of solidwastes.It leads to the encapsulation of valuable/hazardous metals within the primary phase,presenting significant challenges for waste ...Heterogeneous crystallization is a common occurrence during the formation of solidwastes.It leads to the encapsulation of valuable/hazardous metals within the primary phase,presenting significant challenges for waste treatment andmetal recovery.Herein,we proposed a novel method involving the in-situ formation of a competitive substrate during the precipitation of jarosite waste,which is an essential process for removing iron in zinc hydrometallurgy.We observed that the in-situ-formed competitive substrate effectively inhibits the heterogeneous crystallization of jarosite on the surface of anglesite,a lead-rich phase present in the jarositewaste.As a result,the iron content on the anglesite surface decreases from34.8%to 1.65%.The competitive substrate was identified as schwertmannite,characterized by its loose structure and large surface area.Furthermore,we have elucidated a novel mechanism underlying this inhibition of heterogeneous crystallization,which involves the local supersaturation of jarosite caused by the release of ferric and sulfate ions from the competitive substrate.The local supersaturation promotes the preferential heterogeneous crystallization of jarosite on the competitive substrate.Interestingly,during the formation of jarosite,the competitive substrate gradually vanished through a dissolution-recrystallization process following the Ostwald rule,where a metastable phase slowly transitions to a stable phase.This effectively precluded the introduction of impurities and reduced waste volume.The goal of this study is to provide fresh insights into the mechanism of heterogeneous crystallization control,and to offer practical crystallization strategies conducive to metal separation and recovery from solid waste in industries.展开更多
In scenarios such as vehicle radiation monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle radiation detection,rapid measurements using a NaI(Tl)detector often result in low photon counts,weak characteristic peaks,and significant ...In scenarios such as vehicle radiation monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle radiation detection,rapid measurements using a NaI(Tl)detector often result in low photon counts,weak characteristic peaks,and significant statistical fluctuations.These issues can lead to potential failures in peak-searching-based identification methods.To address the low precision associated with short-duration measurements of radionuclides,this paper proposes an identification algorithm that leverages heterogeneous spectral transfer to develop a low-count energy spectral identification model.Comparative experiments demonstrated that transferring samples from 26 classes of simulated heterogeneous gamma spectra aids in creating a reliable model for measured gamma spectra.With only 10%of target domain samples used for training,the accuracy on real low-count spectral samples was 95.56%.This performance shows a significant improvement over widely employed full-spectrum analysis methods trained on target domain samples.The proposed method also exhibits strong generalization capabilities,effectively mitigating overfitting issues in low-count energy spectral classification under short-duration measurements.展开更多
Dynamic structuralcolors can change in response todifferent environmental stimuli.This ability remains effectiveeven when the size of the speciesresponsible for the structural coloris reduced to a few micrometers,prov...Dynamic structuralcolors can change in response todifferent environmental stimuli.This ability remains effectiveeven when the size of the speciesresponsible for the structural coloris reduced to a few micrometers,providing a promising sensingmechanism for solving microenvironmentalsensing problems inmicro-robotics and microfluidics.However, the lack of dynamicstructural colors that can encoderapidly, easily integrate, and accuratelyreflect changes in physical quantities hinders their use in microscale sensing applications. Herein, we present a 2.5-dimensionaldynamic structural color based on nanogratings of heterogeneous materials, which were obtained by interweaving a pH-responsive hydrogelwith an IP-L photoresist. Transverse gratings printed with pH-responsive hydrogels elongated the period of longitudinal grating in the swollenstate, resulting in pH-tuned structural colors at a 45° incidence. Moreover, the patterned encoding and array printing of dynamic structuralcolors were achieved using grayscale stripe images to accurately encode the periods and heights of the nanogrid structures. Overall, dynamicstructural color networks exhibit promising potential for applications in information encryption and in situ sensing for microfluidic chips.展开更多
Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the el...Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.展开更多
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology Research by Chongqing Education Commission under Grant KJZD-K202400610the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation General Project Grant CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX1263.
文摘The ubiquitous adoption of mobile devices as essential platforms for sensitive data transmission has heightened the demand for secure client-server communication.Although various authentication and key agreement protocols have been developed,current approaches are constrained by homogeneous cryptosystem frameworks,namely public key infrastructure(PKI),identity-based cryptography(IBC),or certificateless cryptography(CLC),each presenting limitations in client-server architectures.Specifically,PKI incurs certificate management overhead,IBC introduces key escrow risks,and CLC encounters cross-system interoperability challenges.To overcome these shortcomings,this study introduces a heterogeneous signcryption-based authentication and key agreement protocol that synergistically integrates IBC for client operations(eliminating PKI’s certificate dependency)with CLC for server implementation(mitigating IBC’s key escrow issue while preserving efficiency).Rigorous security analysis under the mBR(modified Bellare-Rogaway)model confirms the protocol’s resistance to adaptive chosen-ciphertext attacks.Quantitative comparisons demonstrate that the proposed protocol achieves 10.08%–71.34%lower communication overhead than existing schemes across multiple security levels(80-,112-,and 128-bit)compared to existing protocols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22074072,22274083,52376199)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2023LZY005)+1 种基金the Exploration Project of the State Key Laboratory of BioFibers and EcoTextiles of Qingdao University(TSKT202101)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2022BLRD13,2023BLRD01).
文摘A rapidly growing field is piezoresistive sensor for accurate respiration rate monitoring to suppress the worldwide respiratory illness.However,a large neglected issue is the sensing durability and accuracy without interference since the expiratory pressure always coupled with external humidity and temperature variations,as well as mechanical motion artifacts.Herein,a robust and biodegradable piezoresistive sensor is reported that consists of heterogeneous MXene/cellulose-gelation sensing layer and Ag-based interdigital electrode,featuring customizable cylindrical interface arrangement and compact hierarchical laminated architecture for collectively regulating the piezoresistive response and mechanical robustness,thereby realizing the long-term breath-induced pressure detection.Notably,molecular dynamics simulations reveal the frequent angle inversion and reorientation of MXene/cellulose in vacuum filtration,driven by shear forces and interfacial interactions,which facilitate the establishment of hydrogen bonds and optimize the architecture design in sensing layer.The resultant sensor delivers unprecedented collection features of superior stability for off-axis deformation(0-120°,~2.8×10^(-3) A)and sensing accuracy without crosstalk(humidity 50%-100%and temperature 30-80).Besides,the sensor-embedded mask together with machine learning models is achieved to train and classify the respiration status for volunteers with different ages(average prediction accuracy~90%).It is envisioned that the customizable architecture design and sensor paradigm will shed light on the advanced stability of sustainable electronics and pave the way for the commercial application in respiratory monitory.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52304358)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.YESS20230462).
文摘Heterogeneous nucleation,characterized by its low nucleation barrier and controllable nucleation sites,has been widely employed to manipulate the microstructures and properties of metallic materials.In recent years,the dispersion of inclusions,carbides,and microstructure refinement in steel have emerged as one of the key research directions in the development of high-quality steel.The current research status regarding the regulation of inclusions,carbides,and microstructures in steel through heterogeneous nucleation are reviewed.The key points and challenges in refining the second phase and microstructure in steel using inclusion particles are highlighted,aiming to provide inspiration and references for future scholars.Deoxidized inclusions,when refined and dispersed,exhibit favorable lattice matching with second phases(e.g.,nitrides,sulfides,carbides)in steel.This characteristic serves as the fundamental mechanism for achieving refinement of the second phase.Concurrently,the solid-solution alloying effect from deoxidizing metals contributes to second-phase refinement,an aspect that requires prioritized investigation.In addition to the single heterogeneous nucleation refinement effect,the two-stage heterogeneous nucleation refinement of the second phase and microstructure offers a new approach for follow-up research.Notably,second-phase particles added as heterogeneous nucleation sites via external addition often require surface modification to ensure their stable retention in steel at high temperatures,which remains a major challenge restricting the widespread application of this method.Currently,the explanation of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena primarily relies on empirical calculations of lattice mismatch between the substrate and the nucleating phase,which cannot fully elucidate the quantitative relationship on the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase.On this basis,quantifying the electronic structure and nucleation barrier at the interface between the substrate and the nucleation phase is a critical direction worthy of increased attention in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62162009the Key Technologies R&D Program of He’nan Province under Grant No.242102211065+2 种基金the Postgraduate Education Reform and Quality Improvement Project of Henan Province under Grant Nos.YJS2025GZZ36,YJS2024AL112,and YJS2024JD38the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province under Grant No.CXTD2017099the Scientific Research Innovation Team of Xuchang University under Grant No.2022CXTD003.
文摘With the increasing complexity of malware attack techniques,traditional detection methods face significant challenges,such as privacy preservation,data heterogeneity,and lacking category information.To address these issues,we propose Federated Dynamic Prototype Learning(FedDPL)for malware classification by integrating Federated Learning with a specifically designed K-means.Under the Federated Learning framework,model training occurs locally without data sharing,effectively protecting user data privacy and preventing the leakage of sensitive information.Furthermore,to tackle the challenges of data heterogeneity and the lack of category information,FedDPL introduces a dynamic prototype learning mechanism,which adaptively adjusts the clustering prototypes in terms of position and number.Thus,the dependency on predefined category numbers in typical K-means and its variants can be significantly reduced,resulting in improved clustering performance.Theoretically,it provides a more accurate detection of malicious behavior.Experimental results confirm that FedDPL excels in handling malware classification tasks,demonstrating superior accuracy,robustness,and privacy protection.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52473338)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173004 and 51873055)+3 种基金Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA0540000)Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2025ZD0614000)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.E2022202015)Anhui Province Science and Technology Innovation Tackling Key Project(No.202423i08050025)。
文摘Heterogeneous polymerization represents a widely employed method in the polyolefin industry.In recent years,various heterogenization strategies for late transition metal catalysts have been developed,enabling effective control of polymer morphology and optimization of catalytic performance.However,while most studies have focused on designing anchoring groups and advancing support approaches,systematic investigations into how the support influences the catalytic behavior of the late transition metal catalysts.In this work,we fabricated supported α-diimine nickel catalysts by functionalizing the ligand with alkyl alcohol chains of varying lengths and supporting them onto MgCl_(2)supports.The ethylene polymerization behavior of these catalysts was then investigated.By precisely adjusting the alkyl alcohol chain length,the distance between the catalytically active metal center and the support surface was modulated.This approach demonstrates that support-induced steric hindrance effect can be effectively regulated by controlling the separation distance between the metal center and the support surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138004)Shaoxing Science and Technology Plan Project(2022B43001,2023B43001).
文摘To obtain protease-and lipase-producing halotolerant/halophilic strains suitable for shrimp paste(SP)fermentation,the microbial community structure and enzyme-producing microbial species were analyzed and predicted using metagenomics in 3 high-salt samples.Based on the linear salt gradient method,128 strains were screened.Eight halotolerant/halophilic strains highly producing 2 types of enzymes were identified and inoculated into lowsalt SP to assess the heterogeneity of SP.Physicochemical properties of SP indicated that Bacillus subtilis XJ-11,Virgibacillus halodenitrificans XJ-229,Piscibacillus halophilus XY-193,and Bacillus vallismortis HT-73 were more suitable for rapid fermentation of SP.Nutritional analysis showed that SP inoculated with V.halodenitrificans XJ-229 had the highest free amino acid content and SP inoculated with P.halophilus XY-193 had the highest unsaturated fatty acid content.The former had prominent umami,sweetness,and meaty aroma,weak bitterness and fishy flavor,and the closest flavor to the control(CP)based on sensory evaluation and E-nose analysis.A total of 61 volatile compounds were detected in all samples by SPME-GC-MS,of which 32,23,40,24,and 28 were detected in the CP and SP inoculated with B.subtilis XJ-11,V.halodenitrificans XJ-229,P.halophilus XY-193,and B.vallismortis HT-73,respectively,with 12,11,12,9,and 9 key flavor compounds.Among several samples,the highest levels of pyrazines,aldehydes,alcohols,and ketones were found in SP inoculated with B.subtilis XJ-11,V.halodenitrificans XJ-229,P.halophilus XY-193,and B.vallismortis HT-73,respectively.These results suggested that inoculation of different enzyme-producing halotolerant/halophilic strains resulted in differences in SP quality and main flavors.This study provides some references for process control and interpretation of heterogeneous mechanisms in low-salt SP fermented by inoculated strains.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62463007,62463005)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(625RC710,625MS047)+1 种基金the System Control and Information Processing Education Ministry Key Laboratory Open Funding,China(Scip20240119)the Science Research Funding of Hainan University,China(KYQD(ZR)22180,KYQD(ZR)23180).
文摘This paper focuses on the leader-following positive consensus problems of heterogeneous switched multi-agent systems.First,a state-feedback controller with dynamic compensation is introduced to achieve positive consensus under average dwell time switching.Then sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the positive consensus.The gain matrices of the control protocol are described using a matrix decomposition approach and the corresponding computational complexity is reduced by resorting to linear programming and co-positive Lyapunov functions.Finally,two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the results obtained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62172033).
文摘Urban traffic generates massive and diverse data,yet most systems remain fragmented.Current approaches to congestion management suffer from weak data consistency and poor scalability.This study addresses this gap by proposing the Urban Traffic Congestion Unified Metadata Model(UTC-UMM).The goal is to provide a standardized and extensible framework for describing,extracting,and storing multisource traffic data in smart cities.The model defines a two-tier specification that organizes nine core traffic resource classes.It employs an eXtensible Markup Language(XML)Schema that connects general elements with resource-specific elements.This design ensures both syntactic and semantic interoperability across siloed datasets.Extension principles allow new elements or constraints to be introducedwithout breaking backward compatibility.Adistributed pipeline is implemented usingHadoop Distributed File System(HDFS)and HBase.It integrates computer vision for video and natural language processing for text to automate metadata extraction.Optimized row-key designs enable low-latency queries.Performance is tested with the Yahoo!Cloud Serving Benchmark(YCSB),which shows linear scalability and high throughput.The results demonstrate that UTC-UMM can unify heterogeneous traffic data while supporting real-time analytics.The discussion highlights its potential to improve data reuse,portability,and scalability in urban congestion studies.Future research will explore integration with association rulemining and advanced knowledge representation to capture richer spatiotemporal traffic patterns.
基金supported by the 2024 Research Fund of University of Ulsan.
文摘In recent years,three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly,enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality(XR)environments.In addition,methods for deploying multiple cameras for motion capture of users(e.g.,performers)are widely used in computer graphics.As the need to minimize and optimize the number of cameras grows to reduce costs,various technologies and research approaches focused on Optimal Camera Placement(OCP)are continually being proposed.However,as most existing studies assume homogeneous camera setups,there is a growing demand for studies on heterogeneous camera setups.For instance,technical demands keep emerging in scenarios with minimal camera configurations,especially regarding cost factors,the physical placement of cameras given the spatial structure,and image capture strategies for heterogeneous cameras,such as high-resolution RGB cameras and depth cameras.In this study,we propose a pre-visualization and simulation method for the optimal placement of heterogeneous cameras in XR environments,accounting for both the specifications of heterogeneous cameras(e.g.,field of view)and the physical configuration(e.g.,wall configuration)in real-world spaces.The proposed method performs a visibility analysis of cameras by considering each camera’s field-of-view volume,resolution,and unique characteristics,along with physicalspace constraints.This approach enables the optimal position and rotation of each camera to be recommended,along with the minimum number of cameras required.In the results of our study conducted in heterogeneous camera combinations,the proposed method achieved 81.7%~82.7%coverage of the target visual information using only 2~3 cameras.In contrast,single(or homogeneous)-typed cameras were required to use 11 cameras for 81.6%coverage.Accordingly,we found that camera deployment resources can be reduced with the proposed approaches.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12071370)。
文摘The bipartite containment control problem for heterogeneous nonlinear multi-agent systems(HNMASs)within multi-group networks under signed digraphs is investigated,where the first-order and second-order nonlinear dynamic agents belong to distinct groups.Interactions are cooperative-antagonistic within each group and sign-in-degree balanced across the inter-groups.Firstly,a state feedback control protocol is designed to ensure that the trajectories of followers in diverse groups can converge to distinct convex hulls formed by their corresponding leaders,respectively.As an extension,the bipartite control problem with time-variant formation for the multi-agent system(MAS)is also considered,and a corresponding control protocol with formation compensation vectors is given.Finally,in view of Lyapunov stability theory and matrix inequality,the sufficient conditions for realizing the bipartite containment control are obtained,and several simulations are provided to verify the validity of the above methods.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB 4404200).
文摘Fault-tolerant systems are crucial for ensuring the reliability and availability of missioncritical applications in modern computing environments.The dynamic heterogeneous redundancy(DHR)architecture is a key component in constructing fault-tolerant systems,particularly in areas such as national security,power networks,and banking private networks.DHR is transforming the cyberspace security industry chain by accommodating a broader range of applications and increasingly capturing the market.However,the development of applications for DHR architecture encounters challenges due to the complexities of handling heterogeneity,managing dynamism,and maintaining usability.To address these issues,we introduce MimicStudio,a comprehensive development framework with a standardized workflow.To our knowledge,MimicStudio is the first effective solution for DHR software development.We present a detailed implementation of MimicStudio with a heterogeneous microcontroller unit project,encompassing three CPUs with different instruction set architectures.The paper evaluates MimicStudio’s support for essential features,including zero-copy synchronization,parallelized build,multi-core collaborative debugging,and dynamic adjustment of the software system’s structure.Our results show that MimicStudio provides a flexible and efficient solution for supporting the dynamic,heterogeneous,and redundant features of fault-tolerant systems.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974134)the Innovation Ability Promotion Plan Project of Hebei Province,China(No.24461002D)。
文摘Under equivalent stiffness conditions,material substitution based on a thin-walled design is crucial for the lightweight of components.Developing high-performance steels with both high-yield strength and excellent ductility has become a key focus in fields like aerospace and lowaltitude flight.The novel low-density steel presented here exhibits a yield strength of 1000 MPa,which is 2-3 times higher than conventional low-alloy high-strength steels,while maintaining an elongation of about 18.7%.By combining ex-situ experimental characterization with a phase mechanical response model based on the iso-work theory and the von Mises equivalent method,the role of heterogeneous deformation-induced strengthening was revealed.The calculated values align closely with experimental results.This exceptional performance is attributed to a multiphase heterogeneous microstructure,where fresh martensite,bainite/tempered martensite,and deformation-induced martensite act as hard regions.These regions release micro-stresses through inhomogeneous cooperative deformation with soft ferrite,enabling multiple plastic deformation mechanisms and stress concentration relief.This research offers new insights into optimizing microstructures through mechanical metallurgy,which is crucial for producing high-performance,lightweight components.
基金supported by the Tianjin Manufacturing High Quality Development Special Foundation(No.20232185)the Roycom Foundation(No.70306901).
文摘Hard disk drives(HDDs)serve as the primary storage devices in modern data centers.Once a failure occurs,it often leads to severe data loss,significantly degrading the reliability of storage systems.Numerous studies have proposed machine learning-based HDD failure prediction models.However,the Self-Monitoring,Analysis,and Reporting Technology(SMART)attributes differ across HDD manufacturers.We define hard drives of the same brand and model as homogeneous HDD groups,and those from different brands or models as heterogeneous HDD groups.In practical engineering scenarios,a data center is often composed of a heterogeneous population of HDDs,spanning multiple vendors and models.Existing research predominantly focuses on homogeneous datasets,ignoring the model’s generalization capability across heterogeneous HDDs.As a result,HDD models with limited samples often suffer from poor training effectiveness and prediction performance.To address this issue,we investigate generalizable SMART predictors across heterogeneous HDD groups.By extracting time-series features within a fixed sliding time window,we propose a Heterogeneous Disk Failure Prediction Method based on Time Series Features(HDFPM)framework.This method is adaptable to HDD models with limited sample sizes,thereby enhancing its applicability and robustness across diverse drive populations.Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves an F1-score of 0.9518 when applied to two different Seagate HDD models,while maintaining the False Positive Rate(FPR)below 1%.After incorporating the Complexity-Ratio Dynamic Time Warping(CDTW)based feature enhancement method,the best prediction model achieves a True Positive Rate(TPR)of up to 0.93 between the two models.For next-day failure prediction across various Seagate models,the model achieves an F1-score of up to 0.8792.Moreover,the experimental results also show that within the same brand,the higher the proportion of shared SMART attributes across different models,the better the prediction performance.In addition,HDFPMdemonstrates the best stability andmost significant performance in heterogeneous environments.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-Major Projects in National Science and Technology(No.2023ZD0404405)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-pig-35)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3227284,32302708)the 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University,the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(No.2023TC196)the Seed Industry Revitalization Action Project of Guangdong Province(No.2024-XPY-06-001)。
文摘Background Multibreed genomic prediction(MBGP)is crucial for improving prediction accuracy for breeds with small populations,for which limited data are often available.Recent studies have demonstrated that partitioning the genome into nonoverlapping blocks to model heterogeneous genetic(co)variance in multitrait models can achieve higher joint prediction accuracy.However,the block partitioning method,a key factor influencing model performance,has not been extensively explored.Results We introduce mbBayesABLD,a novel Bayesian MBGP model that partitions each chromosome into nonoverlapping blocks on the basis of linkage disequilibrium(LD)patterns.In this model,marker effects within each block are assumed to follow normal distributions with block-specific parameters.We employ simulated data as well as empirical datasets from pigs and beans to assess genomic prediction accuracy across different models using cross-validation.The results demonstrate that mbBayesABLD significantly outperforms conventional MBGP models,such as GBLUP and BayesR.For the meat marbling score trait in pigs,compared with GBLUP,which does not account for heterogeneous genetic(co)variance,mbBayesABLD improves the prediction accuracy for the small-population breed Landrace by 15.6%.Furthermore,our findings indicate that a moderate level of similarity in LD patterns between breeds(with an average correlation of 0.6)is sufficient to improve the prediction accuracy of the target breed.Conclusions This study presents a novel LD block-based approach for multibreed genomic prediction.Our work provides a practical tool for livestock breeding programs and offers new insights into leveraging genetic diversity across breeds for improved genomic prediction.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377026 and No.52301192)Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202103057)+4 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF under Grant Number(No.GZB20240327)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCXZG-202400275)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Project(No.QDBSH20240102023)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M751563)the Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(Research and Innovation Team of Structural-Functional Polymer Composites).
文摘Currently,the demand for electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials with specific functions and capable of withstanding harsh environments is becoming increasingly urgent.Multi-component interface engineering is considered an effective means to achieve high-efficiency EMW absorption.However,interface modulation engineering has not been fully discussed and has great potential in the field of EMW absorption.In this study,multi-component tin compound fiber composites based on carbon fiber(CF)substrate were prepared by electrospinning,hydrothermal synthesis,and high-temperature thermal reduction.By utilizing the different properties of different substances,rich heterogeneous interfaces are constructed.This effectively promotes charge transfer and enhances interfacial polarization and conduction loss.The prepared SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF composites with abundant heterogeneous interfaces have and exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties at a loading of 50 wt%in epoxy resin.The minimum reflection loss(RL)is−46.74 dB and the maximum effective absorption bandwidth is 5.28 GHz.Moreover,SnS/SnS_(2)/SnO_(2)/CF epoxy composite coatings exhibited long-term corrosion resistance on Q235 steel surfaces.Therefore,this study provides an effective strategy for the design of high-efficiency EMW absorbing materials in complex and harsh environments.
基金support for this work by Hebei Education Department(No.JZX2024004)Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.236Z1404G)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22301060 and 21272053)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M730914)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Biopharmaceutical Joint Fund No.B2022206008)Project of Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province(No.22567622H)。
文摘Heterogeneous metal-catalyzed chemical conversions with a recyclable catalyst are very ideal and challenging for sustainable organic synthesis.A new bipyridyl-Mo(IV)-carbon nitride(CN-K/Mo-Bpy)was prepared by supporting molybdenum complex on C_(3)N_(4)-K and characterized by FT-IR,XRD,SEM,XPS and ICP-OES.Heterogeneous CN–Mo-Bpy catalyst can be applied to the direct amination of nitroarenes and arylboronic acid,thus constructing various valuable diarylamines in high to excellent yields with a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance.It is worth noting that this heterogeneous catalyst has high chemical stability and can be recycled for at least five times without reducing its activity.
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52121004)the Major Program Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China(No.2021JC0001)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Programof China(No.2022YFC3900200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276218)the Science and Technology Innovation Programof Hunan Province(No.2021RC3013).
文摘Heterogeneous crystallization is a common occurrence during the formation of solidwastes.It leads to the encapsulation of valuable/hazardous metals within the primary phase,presenting significant challenges for waste treatment andmetal recovery.Herein,we proposed a novel method involving the in-situ formation of a competitive substrate during the precipitation of jarosite waste,which is an essential process for removing iron in zinc hydrometallurgy.We observed that the in-situ-formed competitive substrate effectively inhibits the heterogeneous crystallization of jarosite on the surface of anglesite,a lead-rich phase present in the jarositewaste.As a result,the iron content on the anglesite surface decreases from34.8%to 1.65%.The competitive substrate was identified as schwertmannite,characterized by its loose structure and large surface area.Furthermore,we have elucidated a novel mechanism underlying this inhibition of heterogeneous crystallization,which involves the local supersaturation of jarosite caused by the release of ferric and sulfate ions from the competitive substrate.The local supersaturation promotes the preferential heterogeneous crystallization of jarosite on the competitive substrate.Interestingly,during the formation of jarosite,the competitive substrate gradually vanished through a dissolution-recrystallization process following the Ostwald rule,where a metastable phase slowly transitions to a stable phase.This effectively precluded the introduction of impurities and reduced waste volume.The goal of this study is to provide fresh insights into the mechanism of heterogeneous crystallization control,and to offer practical crystallization strategies conducive to metal separation and recovery from solid waste in industries.
基金supported by the National Defense Fundamental Research Project(No.JCKY2022404C005)the Nuclear Energy Development Project(No.23ZG6106)+1 种基金the Sichuan Scientific and Technological Achievements Transfer and Transformation Demonstration Project(No.2023ZHCG0026)the Mianyang Applied Technology Research and Development Project(No.2021ZYZF1005)。
文摘In scenarios such as vehicle radiation monitoring and unmanned aerial vehicle radiation detection,rapid measurements using a NaI(Tl)detector often result in low photon counts,weak characteristic peaks,and significant statistical fluctuations.These issues can lead to potential failures in peak-searching-based identification methods.To address the low precision associated with short-duration measurements of radionuclides,this paper proposes an identification algorithm that leverages heterogeneous spectral transfer to develop a low-count energy spectral identification model.Comparative experiments demonstrated that transferring samples from 26 classes of simulated heterogeneous gamma spectra aids in creating a reliable model for measured gamma spectra.With only 10%of target domain samples used for training,the accuracy on real low-count spectral samples was 95.56%.This performance shows a significant improvement over widely employed full-spectrum analysis methods trained on target domain samples.The proposed method also exhibits strong generalization capabilities,effectively mitigating overfitting issues in low-count energy spectral classification under short-duration measurements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61925307).
文摘Dynamic structuralcolors can change in response todifferent environmental stimuli.This ability remains effectiveeven when the size of the speciesresponsible for the structural coloris reduced to a few micrometers,providing a promising sensingmechanism for solving microenvironmentalsensing problems inmicro-robotics and microfluidics.However, the lack of dynamicstructural colors that can encoderapidly, easily integrate, and accuratelyreflect changes in physical quantities hinders their use in microscale sensing applications. Herein, we present a 2.5-dimensionaldynamic structural color based on nanogratings of heterogeneous materials, which were obtained by interweaving a pH-responsive hydrogelwith an IP-L photoresist. Transverse gratings printed with pH-responsive hydrogels elongated the period of longitudinal grating in the swollenstate, resulting in pH-tuned structural colors at a 45° incidence. Moreover, the patterned encoding and array printing of dynamic structuralcolors were achieved using grayscale stripe images to accurately encode the periods and heights of the nanogrid structures. Overall, dynamicstructural color networks exhibit promising potential for applications in information encryption and in situ sensing for microfluidic chips.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3205300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176124).
文摘Current research on heterogeneous advanced oxidation processes(HAOPs)predominantly emphasizes catalyst iteration and innovation.Significant efforts have been made to regulate the electron structure and optimize the electron distribution,thereby increasing the catalytic activity.However,this focus often overshadows an equally essential aspect of HAOPs:the adsorption effect.Adsorption is a critical initiator for triggering the interaction of oxidants and contaminants with heterogeneous catalysts.The efficacy of these interactions is influenced by a variety of physicochemical properties,including surface chemistry and pore sizes,which determine the affinities between contaminants and material surfaces.This dispar ity in affinity is pivotal because it underpins the selective removal of contaminants,especially in complex waste streams containing diverse contaminants and competing matrices.Consequently,understanding and mastering these interfacial interactions is fundamentally indispensable not only for improving pro cess efficiency but also for enhancing the selectivity of contaminant removal.Herein,we highlight the importance of adsorption-driven interfacial interactions for fundamentally elucidating the catalytic mechanisms of HAOPs.Such interactions dictate the overall performance of the treatment processes by balancing the adsorption,reaction,and desorption rates on the catalyst surfaces.Elucidating the adsorption effect not only shifts the paradigm in understanding HAOPs but also improves their practical ity in water treatment and wastewater decontamination.Overall,we propose that revisiting adsorption driven interfacial interactions holds great promise for optimizing catalytic processes to develop effective HAOP strategies.
