Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been extensively explored with various naturally derived compounds as a potential therapeutic agent for chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).In addition to the aspects discussed in the ...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been extensively explored with various naturally derived compounds as a potential therapeutic agent for chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).In addition to the aspects discussed in the reviewed article,this invited commentary explores the initial available evidence on a fungus from TCM,Hericium erinaceus,in the context of CAG.Initial clinical data suggest the potential of this fungus in inducing clinical and histological improvements in patients with CAG,as well as a marked antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori infection.Preclinical cellular evidence also indicates an antineoplastic role in gastric carcinogenesis,mediated by two components:Erinacine A and S.Further evidence is needed to propose this fungus as a potential complementary thera-peutic approach for CAG.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus(H. erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom based foods. The fruiting body an...Hericium erinaceus(H. erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom based foods. The fruiting body and mycelia of H. erinaceus are extracted using the solvents, and several bioactive compounds were identified. Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, etc. This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H. erinaceus, H. erinaceus based foods, and anti-hyperglycemic property of H. erinaceus.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gast...Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.展开更多
Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehens...Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures,biosynthetic pathways,biological activities,and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from Hericium species.Over the past 34 years,253 metabolites have been identified from various Hericium species,including cyathane diterpenes,alkaloids,benzofurans,chromenes,phenols,pyrones,steroids,and other miscellaneous compounds.Detailed investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines,a type of cyathane diterpene,have led to the discovery of novel cyathane diterpenes.Extensive research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds,with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects,immunomodulatory capabilities,anti-cancer activity,antioxidant properties,and antimicrobial actions.Erinacine A,in particular,has been extensively studied.Genomic,transcriptomic,and proteomic analyses of Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome mining.The diverse chemical structures and biological activities of Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary supplements.This review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine,health,functional foods,and agricultural microbiology.The broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.展开更多
We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid（SA） and methyl jasmonic acid（Me JA）supple...We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid（SA） and methyl jasmonic acid（Me JA）supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control（p ／ 0.01）. Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also ...Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.In this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in H.erinaceus fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms.Based on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H.erinaceus.Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H.erinaceus are proposed.展开更多
Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities which are closely related to their structural features.Therefore,quantitatively quality control of polysaccharides based on their chemical charac-teristics i...Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities which are closely related to their structural features.Therefore,quantitatively quality control of polysaccharides based on their chemical charac-teristics is important for their application in biomedical and functional food sciences.However,poly-saccharides are mixed macromolecular compounds that are difficult to isolate and lack standards,making them challenging to quantify directly.In this study,we proposed an improved saccharide mapping method based on the release of specific oligosaccharides for the assessment of Hericium eri-naceus polysaccharides from laboratory cultured and different regions of China.Briefly,a polysaccharide from H.erinaceus was digested by b-(1-3)-glucanase,and the released specific oligosaccharides were labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic-acid(APTS)and separated by using micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC)coupled with laser induced fluorescence(LIF),and quantitatively estimated.MEKC presented higher resolution compared to polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel elec-trophoresis(PACE),and provided great peak capacity between oligosaccharides with polymerization degree of 2(DP2)and polymerization degree of 6(DP6)in a dextran ladder separation.The results of high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector(HPSEC-MALLS-RI)showed that 12 h was sufficient for complete digestion of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus.Laminaritriose(DP3)was used as an internal standard for quantifi-cation of all the oligosaccharides.The calibration curve for DP3 showed a good linear regression(R2>0.9988).The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)values were 0.05 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL,respectively.The recovery for DP3 was 87.32(±0.03)%in the three independent injections.To sum up,this proposed method is helpful for improving the quality control of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus as well as other materials.展开更多
The effects of various carbon sources and their initial concentrations on mycelia production by Hericium erinaceum were investigated by determining the dry cell weight (DCW) and β-glucan content of mycelia in submerg...The effects of various carbon sources and their initial concentrations on mycelia production by Hericium erinaceum were investigated by determining the dry cell weight (DCW) and β-glucan content of mycelia in submerged culture. Glucose and xylose were superior carbon sources for promoting mycelial growth resulting in mycelial concentrations of 3.99 g/L and 4.01 g/L, respectively;glucose was the best carbon source in terms of productivity (0.44 g/L/day). Experiments were also performed using yogurt whey as an alternative nitrogen source for submerged cultivation of H. erinaceum mycelia, and DCW and β-glucan content were compared with those with chemical nutrient medium. When whey was used as a nitrogen source, DCW and total amount of β-glucan were 2.3- and 2.8-fold higher, respectively, than that with chemical nutrient medium. Thus, whey appears to be an alternative nitrogen source for promoting H. erinaceum mycelial growth.展开更多
[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduc...[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduct a single factor test on its biological characteristics.[Results]The ideal available carbon source and nitrogen source are glucose and ammonium sulfate,respectively,the pH is 3.5-4.0,and the temperature is 20-22℃.Through the orthogonal experiment of 4 factors and 4 levels,it is found that the degree of influence of the 4 factors on H.coralloides is temperature>pH>nitrogen source>carbon source.[Conclusions]The optimum conditions for the mycelium culture of H.coralloides:the carbon source is glucose,and the nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone,and pH is 3.5-4.0,and temperature is 20-22℃.展开更多
Various studies indicate that low levels of estradiol negatively impact cognitive abilities. Extracts from the fungus Hericium erinaceus (HE) contain bioactive components that promote the proper functioning of the ner...Various studies indicate that low levels of estradiol negatively impact cognitive abilities. Extracts from the fungus Hericium erinaceus (HE) contain bioactive components that promote the proper functioning of the nervous system and potential effects on protection against neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and motor dysfunctions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the administration of the HE mushroom extract on visuospatial memory and morphology of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. 40 young Wistar rats weighing 90 ± 10 g BW were used, which were distributed into four groups of 10 animals;Control Group, non-ovariectomized and untreated rats;Group E2, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (2 μg/kg/body weight);Group HE, ovariectomized rats treated with the extract of the fungus Hericium erinaceus (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and Group Ovx/ST, ovariectomized rats, without treatment. The animals were tested in the Barnes and Open Field maze, then they were sacrificed, and their brains were obtained to perform a histological analysis of neuronal morphology in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. The most outstanding results showed that the Ovx/ST group recorded the longest time to arrive at the escape box and stay in the Barnes maze. A correlation was observed between neuronal damage and function;in the groups that did not present satisfactory performance in the maze tests, morphological alterations were identified such as the presence of some neuronal somata with degeneration characteristics such as pyknosis, nuclear basophilia and shrinkage of the cells. Its soma, as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of CA1 and CA3 neurons. It is concluded that the fungus Hericium erinaceus exerted a neuroprotective effect on the neuronal bodies of the hippocampus, associated with better performance in the visuospatial recognition memory test.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of three polysaccharide fractions(HP1,HP2 and HP3)obtained by ethanol precipitation from cold water,hot water and hot...[Objectives]The paper was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of three polysaccharide fractions(HP1,HP2 and HP3)obtained by ethanol precipitation from cold water,hot water and hot aqueous NaOH extracts of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus.[Methods]The chemical components,antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of the three polysaccharides were determined.[Results]All the three polysaccharide extracts showed similar physicochemical characteristics and FT-IR spectra.HP1,which had the highest sugar content and lowest molecular weight,exhibited the best antioxidant activities against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals.HP3 exhibited the greatest ability to absorb and retain moisture.[Conclusions]These data demonstrate the potential utility of polysaccharides extracted form H.erinaceus in the cosmetics,food and pharmaceutical industries.展开更多
Objective To confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of Hericium erinaceus(H.erinaceus,Hou Tou Gu,猴头菇) on Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using a system pharmacological approach in silico.Methods The a...Objective To confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of Hericium erinaceus(H.erinaceus,Hou Tou Gu,猴头菇) on Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using a system pharmacological approach in silico.Methods The active compounds of H.erinaceus were screened from the TCMDatabase@Taiwan,PubMed,and Pubchem.The predicted targets of H.erinaceus were selected by using the Similarity Ensemble Approach Database and the DisGeNET database was used to screen the targets related to AD.The compound-target-AD network was built.GO analysis and Pathway enrichment analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis.Results A total of 21 kinds of H.erinaceus active compounds were screened by network pharmacology,showing 451 predicted targets of active compounds.Among them,165 targets were associated with AD,and the compounds in H.erinaceus were highly connected to AD-related signaling pathways and biological processes,such as cholinergic synaptic transmission,inflammation-related pathways and neurotrophin signaling pathway.Conclusions Our results indicate that compounds in H.erinaceus interact with multiple targets in a synergetic way and the anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptosis and synaptic transmission enhancing effects of H.erinaceus might contribute to its major therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus-derived peptides have been found to exhibit various bioactivities,including immunoregulatory properties.This study investigated the transport,absorption,and potential immunomodulatory activities of ...Hericium erinaceus-derived peptides have been found to exhibit various bioactivities,including immunoregulatory properties.This study investigated the transport,absorption,and potential immunomodulatory activities of a new peptide,Leu-Pro-Gly-Lys-Val-Ile-Ala-Ser(LPGKVIAS),derived from H.erinaceus.Transport and absorption of LPGKVIAS were analyzed by near-infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging in mice injected with a fluorescence probe-labeled LPGKVIAS.RNA sequencing was used to explore the immunological effects of the peptide on mouse splenocytes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that LPGKVAS upregulated differentially expressed genes involved in immune regulation.Notably,activation of the lysosome-phagosome pathway in splenocytes of mice treated with LPGKVIAS was identified as a crucial immune defense mechanism against pathogen infection.Furthermore,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies validated the gene expression data,supporting the potential application of the peptide LPGKVIAS as an immunomodulator.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and...Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and to reveal the mechanisms with particular emphasis on the alterations of uterine microbiota and health.A total of 360 Jingbai laying hens at 58 weeks old were randomly allocated into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The hens were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,250,500,or 750 mg/kg HEP for 8 weeks.The results showed that HEP supplementation enhanced eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure,as evidenced by increased eggshell thickness and strength(P<0.05).HEP decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales,Yersiniaceae,and Rahnella and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the uterus(P<0.05).HEP inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and decreased(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).HEP promoted cell proliferation,as evidenced by the increased(P<0.05)expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Proliferation Ki-67(Ki67),and reduced necrotic apoptosis by downregulating(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase-3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase-9).HEP restored the physiological function of the uterus and improved eggshell biomineralization as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 1(ATP2B1),ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 2(ATP2B2),and solute carrier family 26 member 9(SLC26A9)and decreased ovotransferrin(OVOT)expression(P<0.05).These findings suggest that dietary HEP supplementation can improve the functional integrity of the uterus and modulate uterine microbiota.The enhanced functional integrity of the uterus facilitates the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in eggshell biomineralization,thereby ultimately improving eggshell quality through the modulation of eggshell ultrastructure.展开更多
This study evaluated and compared the fermentative and flavor properties of Hericium erinaceus and Tremella fuciformis fermented beverage(HTFB)produced by four commercial lactic acid bacteria(LAB),i.e.,L.plantarum,L.r...This study evaluated and compared the fermentative and flavor properties of Hericium erinaceus and Tremella fuciformis fermented beverage(HTFB)produced by four commercial lactic acid bacteria(LAB),i.e.,L.plantarum,L.rhamnosus,L.paracasei or S.thermophilu s.All four strains showed the probiotic potential of utilizing Hericium erinaceus and Tremella fuciformis as fermentation substrates.Among four LAB,L.plantarum produced significantly highest concentrations of total acids(76.16 g/L),while the viable count of HTFB inoculated with L.paracasei was the highest(7.18 log CFU/mL).The contents of bioactive components such as polyphenols and triterpenoids significantly increased after fermentation regardless of the strains.The fermentation process enriched the volatile profile and reduced the unpleasant flavors such as nonanal and 1-octen-3-ol.According to the relative odor activity values and PLS-DA analysis,a total of 8 volatile organic compounds were identified as markers with odor contributions.Furthermore,the olfactory characteristics of the four beverages could be clearly distinguished by electronic nose.The electronic tongue results showed that the fermentation process increased the sourness and decreased the bitterness and astringency of the beverage,resulting in an improved taste property.The sensory evaluation finally confirmed that HTFB inoculated with L.paracasei was the most acceptable product to consumers with high overall flavor coordination.Overall,this work provided valuable information for the selection of premium fermentation strains to produce fermented edible fungi beverages with better nutritional and sensory qualities.展开更多
Objective： To study the ability of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus mushroom in the treatment of nerve injury following peroneal nerve crush in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods： Aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceu...Objective： To study the ability of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus mushroom in the treatment of nerve injury following peroneal nerve crush in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods： Aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus was given by daily oral administration following peroneal nerve crush injury in Sprague- Dawley rats. The expression of protein kinase B （Akt） and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways; and c-Jun and c-Fos genes were studied in dorsal root ganglia （DRG） whereas the activity of protein synthesis was assessed in peroneal nerves by immunohistochemical method. Results： Peripheral nerve injury leads to changes at the axonal site of injury and remotely located DRG containing cell bodies of sensory afferent neurons. Immunofluorescence studies showed that DRG neurons ipsilateral to the crush injury in rats of treated groups expressed higher immunoreactivities for Ak＇t, MAPK, c-Jun and c-Fos as compared with negative control group （P〈0.05）. The intensity of nuclear ribonucleoprotein in the distal segments of crushed nerves of treated groups was significantly higher than in the negative control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： H. erinaceus is capable of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Potential signaling pathways include Akt, MAPK, c-Jun, and c-Fos, and protein synthesis have been shown to be involved in its action.展开更多
Hericium erinaceus,an edible and medicinal mushroom,has been utilized since ancient China due to its delicious taste and health benefits.The polysaccharide from H.erinaceus(HEP)is supposed to be one of the major bioac...Hericium erinaceus,an edible and medicinal mushroom,has been utilized since ancient China due to its delicious taste and health benefits.The polysaccharide from H.erinaceus(HEP)is supposed to be one of the major bioactive compounds,which garnered widespread attention in seeking innovative applications for precision nutrition.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HEP possesses antioxidant and anti-aging,gastrointestinal protecting,anti-tumor,hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic,immune-enhancing,neuroprotective,and hepatoprotective activities,verifying its functional benefits to human health.This review provides an overview of the extraction and structure of HEP,and concluded that HEP had different structures with different sources of H.erinaceus and extraction methods.Besides,the biochemical and pharmacological properties of HEP as well as the relative mechanism were highlighted and summarized on the basis of in vivo and in vitro studies,which could be helpful for the healthy application of HEP.Finally,the research prospects of HEP for specific populations or precision nutrition were proposed.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to describe the structure and hypoglycaemic activity of high-quality Hericium erinaceus dietary fiber(HQ-HDF),and compared with the H.erinaceus dietary fiber(HDF).Scanning electron microsco...The purpose of this work is to describe the structure and hypoglycaemic activity of high-quality Hericium erinaceus dietary fiber(HQ-HDF),and compared with the H.erinaceus dietary fiber(HDF).Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution showed that the ultrasonic-microwave assisted enzymatic method significantly changed the surface structure of HQ-HDF and reduced the particle size.The results of high-performance gel chromatography showed that the ultrasonic-microwave assisted enzymatic method made the macromolecular components degrade into small molecular components.HQ-HDF has significantly improved hyperlipidemic activity in vitro.The results showed that HQ-HDF has blood lipid-lowering.The levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in serum of high-fat mice in medium and high dose group were significantly increased.High dose of HQ-HDF significantly decreased the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.High dose of HQ-HDF could decreased the content of malonaldehyde.In addition,histopathological observation of mice liver showed that HQ-HDF could improve the lipid metabolism disorder of liver cells.展开更多
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been extensively explored with various naturally derived compounds as a potential therapeutic agent for chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).In addition to the aspects discussed in the reviewed article,this invited commentary explores the initial available evidence on a fungus from TCM,Hericium erinaceus,in the context of CAG.Initial clinical data suggest the potential of this fungus in inducing clinical and histological improvements in patients with CAG,as well as a marked antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori infection.Preclinical cellular evidence also indicates an antineoplastic role in gastric carcinogenesis,mediated by two components:Erinacine A and S.Further evidence is needed to propose this fungus as a potential complementary thera-peutic approach for CAG.
文摘Hericium erinaceus(H. erinaceus) is one of the widely used edible mushrooms around the world, primarily in Asian countries. H. erinaceus is used in traditional medicines, and mushroom based foods. The fruiting body and mycelia of H. erinaceus are extracted using the solvents, and several bioactive compounds were identified. Several studies have reported that those bioactive compounds exhibit many health benefits such as hemagglutinating, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-aging activities, etc. This manuscript consciously updated the information about the composition of H. erinaceus, H. erinaceus based foods, and anti-hyperglycemic property of H. erinaceus.
文摘Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31800031,32370069,and U22A20369)the Key R&D Projects in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2023-YBSF-164)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2019M653760).
文摘Fungal phytochemicals derived from higher fungi,particularly those from the culinary-medicinal genus Hericium,have gained significant attention in drug discovery and healthcare.This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the chemical structures,biosynthetic pathways,biological activities,and pharmacological properties of monomeric compounds isolated from Hericium species.Over the past 34 years,253 metabolites have been identified from various Hericium species,including cyathane diterpenes,alkaloids,benzofurans,chromenes,phenols,pyrones,steroids,and other miscellaneous compounds.Detailed investigations into the biosynthesis of erinacines,a type of cyathane diterpene,have led to the discovery of novel cyathane diterpenes.Extensive research has highlighted the biological activities and pharmacological properties of Hericium-derived compounds,with particular emphasis on their neuroprotective and neurotrophic effects,immunomodulatory capabilities,anti-cancer activity,antioxidant properties,and antimicrobial actions.Erinacine A,in particular,has been extensively studied.Genomic,transcriptomic,and proteomic analyses of Hericium species have facilitated the discovery of new compounds and provided insights into enzymatic reactions through genome mining.The diverse chemical structures and biological activities of Hericium compounds underpin their potential applications in medicine and as dietary supplements.This review not only advances our understanding of Hericium compounds but also encourages further research into Hericium species within the realms of medicine,health,functional foods,and agricultural microbiology.The broad spectrum of compound types and their diverse biological activities present promising opportunities for the development of new pharmaceuticals and edible products.
基金supported by funding from the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-24)the Heilongjiang Province Outstanding Youth Science Fund(JC201316)
文摘We evaluated the biomass and ergosterol content of Hericium erinaceus mycelium, and extracellular enzyme activities in H. erinaceus liquid culture following salicylic acid（SA） and methyl jasmonic acid（Me JA）supplementation. The optimal SA concentration was100 lmoláL-1, where the highest ergosterol content of 2.33 mgág-1was obtained following 6-day cultivation with100 lmoláL-1SA supplementation, and which was significantly higher than the unsupplemented control（p ／ 0.01）. Following 4-day supplementation with50 lmoláL-1Me JA, the highest ergosterol content obtained was 1.988 mgág-1, which was 25.8 % higher than the unsupplemented control. Our data indicate that SA and Me JA supplementation improves ergosterol content in H.erinaceus mycelium.
基金supported by the fund from Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LY17C200017)。
文摘Hericium erinaceus is a nutritious edible and medicinal fungi,rich in a variety of functional active ingredients,with various physiological functions such as antioxidation,anticancer,and enhancing immunity.It is also effective in protecting the digestive system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases.In this review paper,we summarize the sources,structures and efficacies of the main active components in H.erinaceus fruiting body,mycelium,and culture media,and update the latest research progress on their biological activities and the related molecular mechanisms.Based on this information,we provide detailed challenges in current research,industrialization and information on the active ingredients of H.erinaceus.Perspectives for future studies and new applications of H.erinaceus are proposed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:81673389)the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao SAR,China(File Nos.:0075/2018/A2,034/2017/A1 and 0017/2019/AKP)+1 种基金the Guangdong Key Project for Modernization of Lingnan Herbs(Project No.:2020B1111110006)the Multi-Year Research Grant from the University of Macao(File Nos.:MYRG2018-00083-ICMS,MYRG2019-00128-ICMS,and CPG2022-00014-ICMS).
文摘Polysaccharides exhibit multiple pharmacological activities which are closely related to their structural features.Therefore,quantitatively quality control of polysaccharides based on their chemical charac-teristics is important for their application in biomedical and functional food sciences.However,poly-saccharides are mixed macromolecular compounds that are difficult to isolate and lack standards,making them challenging to quantify directly.In this study,we proposed an improved saccharide mapping method based on the release of specific oligosaccharides for the assessment of Hericium eri-naceus polysaccharides from laboratory cultured and different regions of China.Briefly,a polysaccharide from H.erinaceus was digested by b-(1-3)-glucanase,and the released specific oligosaccharides were labeled with 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic-acid(APTS)and separated by using micellar electrokinetic chromatography(MEKC)coupled with laser induced fluorescence(LIF),and quantitatively estimated.MEKC presented higher resolution compared to polysaccharide analysis using carbohydrate gel elec-trophoresis(PACE),and provided great peak capacity between oligosaccharides with polymerization degree of 2(DP2)and polymerization degree of 6(DP6)in a dextran ladder separation.The results of high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering and refractive index detector(HPSEC-MALLS-RI)showed that 12 h was sufficient for complete digestion of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus.Laminaritriose(DP3)was used as an internal standard for quantifi-cation of all the oligosaccharides.The calibration curve for DP3 showed a good linear regression(R2>0.9988).The limit of detection(LOD)and limit of quantification(LOQ)values were 0.05 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL,respectively.The recovery for DP3 was 87.32(±0.03)%in the three independent injections.To sum up,this proposed method is helpful for improving the quality control of polysaccharides from H.erinaceus as well as other materials.
文摘The effects of various carbon sources and their initial concentrations on mycelia production by Hericium erinaceum were investigated by determining the dry cell weight (DCW) and β-glucan content of mycelia in submerged culture. Glucose and xylose were superior carbon sources for promoting mycelial growth resulting in mycelial concentrations of 3.99 g/L and 4.01 g/L, respectively;glucose was the best carbon source in terms of productivity (0.44 g/L/day). Experiments were also performed using yogurt whey as an alternative nitrogen source for submerged cultivation of H. erinaceum mycelia, and DCW and β-glucan content were compared with those with chemical nutrient medium. When whey was used as a nitrogen source, DCW and total amount of β-glucan were 2.3- and 2.8-fold higher, respectively, than that with chemical nutrient medium. Thus, whey appears to be an alternative nitrogen source for promoting H. erinaceum mycelial growth.
基金Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019GSF107063)Science and Technology Planning Project of Yantai City(2017ZH055).
文摘[Objectives]To study the biological characteristics and culture conditions of Hericium coralloides(Scop.)Pers.[Methods]The wild H.coralloides strain of Changbai Mountain was used as the experimental material to conduct a single factor test on its biological characteristics.[Results]The ideal available carbon source and nitrogen source are glucose and ammonium sulfate,respectively,the pH is 3.5-4.0,and the temperature is 20-22℃.Through the orthogonal experiment of 4 factors and 4 levels,it is found that the degree of influence of the 4 factors on H.coralloides is temperature>pH>nitrogen source>carbon source.[Conclusions]The optimum conditions for the mycelium culture of H.coralloides:the carbon source is glucose,and the nitrogen source is yeast extract or peptone,and pH is 3.5-4.0,and temperature is 20-22℃.
文摘Various studies indicate that low levels of estradiol negatively impact cognitive abilities. Extracts from the fungus Hericium erinaceus (HE) contain bioactive components that promote the proper functioning of the nervous system and potential effects on protection against neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and motor dysfunctions. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the administration of the HE mushroom extract on visuospatial memory and morphology of neurons in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus in ovariectomized rats. 40 young Wistar rats weighing 90 ± 10 g BW were used, which were distributed into four groups of 10 animals;Control Group, non-ovariectomized and untreated rats;Group E2, ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (2 μg/kg/body weight);Group HE, ovariectomized rats treated with the extract of the fungus Hericium erinaceus (0.5 mg/kg body weight) and Group Ovx/ST, ovariectomized rats, without treatment. The animals were tested in the Barnes and Open Field maze, then they were sacrificed, and their brains were obtained to perform a histological analysis of neuronal morphology in the CA1 and CA3 areas of the hippocampus. The most outstanding results showed that the Ovx/ST group recorded the longest time to arrive at the escape box and stay in the Barnes maze. A correlation was observed between neuronal damage and function;in the groups that did not present satisfactory performance in the maze tests, morphological alterations were identified such as the presence of some neuronal somata with degeneration characteristics such as pyknosis, nuclear basophilia and shrinkage of the cells. Its soma, as well as a decrease in the nuclear area of CA1 and CA3 neurons. It is concluded that the fungus Hericium erinaceus exerted a neuroprotective effect on the neuronal bodies of the hippocampus, associated with better performance in the visuospatial recognition memory test.
基金Supported by New Variety Breeding Project of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2021C02073)Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers and Nine-party Project of Zhejiang Province(2022SNJF047)。
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to determine the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of three polysaccharide fractions(HP1,HP2 and HP3)obtained by ethanol precipitation from cold water,hot water and hot aqueous NaOH extracts of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus.[Methods]The chemical components,antioxidant and moisture-preserving activities of the three polysaccharides were determined.[Results]All the three polysaccharide extracts showed similar physicochemical characteristics and FT-IR spectra.HP1,which had the highest sugar content and lowest molecular weight,exhibited the best antioxidant activities against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals.HP3 exhibited the greatest ability to absorb and retain moisture.[Conclusions]These data demonstrate the potential utility of polysaccharides extracted form H.erinaceus in the cosmetics,food and pharmaceutical industries.
基金the funding support from the SinoGerman Center for Research Promotion(GZ 1408)Talent Recruitment Project from the National Administration of Foreign Affairs(20174300030)
文摘Objective To confirm evidence regarding the potential therapeutic effect of Hericium erinaceus(H.erinaceus,Hou Tou Gu,猴头菇) on Alzheimer’s disease(AD) using a system pharmacological approach in silico.Methods The active compounds of H.erinaceus were screened from the TCMDatabase@Taiwan,PubMed,and Pubchem.The predicted targets of H.erinaceus were selected by using the Similarity Ensemble Approach Database and the DisGeNET database was used to screen the targets related to AD.The compound-target-AD network was built.GO analysis and Pathway enrichment analysis were used for bioinformatics analysis.Results A total of 21 kinds of H.erinaceus active compounds were screened by network pharmacology,showing 451 predicted targets of active compounds.Among them,165 targets were associated with AD,and the compounds in H.erinaceus were highly connected to AD-related signaling pathways and biological processes,such as cholinergic synaptic transmission,inflammation-related pathways and neurotrophin signaling pathway.Conclusions Our results indicate that compounds in H.erinaceus interact with multiple targets in a synergetic way and the anti-inflammatory,anti-apoptosis and synaptic transmission enhancing effects of H.erinaceus might contribute to its major therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease.
基金supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD),Chinathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32101944)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32072293).
文摘Hericium erinaceus-derived peptides have been found to exhibit various bioactivities,including immunoregulatory properties.This study investigated the transport,absorption,and potential immunomodulatory activities of a new peptide,Leu-Pro-Gly-Lys-Val-Ile-Ala-Ser(LPGKVIAS),derived from H.erinaceus.Transport and absorption of LPGKVIAS were analyzed by near-infrared fluorescence in vivo imaging in mice injected with a fluorescence probe-labeled LPGKVIAS.RNA sequencing was used to explore the immunological effects of the peptide on mouse splenocytes.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that LPGKVAS upregulated differentially expressed genes involved in immune regulation.Notably,activation of the lysosome-phagosome pathway in splenocytes of mice treated with LPGKVIAS was identified as a crucial immune defense mechanism against pathogen infection.Furthermore,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies validated the gene expression data,supporting the potential application of the peptide LPGKVIAS as an immunomodulator.
基金supported financially by theCollaborative Extension Program for Advancements in Agricultural Technologies of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.2023ZDXT15)the Public Welfare and Applied Research Project of Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(Grant No.2024GZ39).
文摘Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide(HEP)is widely regarded as a potential food additive because of its rich nutritional value.This study aimed to explore the effect of HEP on the eggshell quality of aged laying hens and to reveal the mechanisms with particular emphasis on the alterations of uterine microbiota and health.A total of 360 Jingbai laying hens at 58 weeks old were randomly allocated into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate.The hens were fed basal diets supplemented with 0,250,500,or 750 mg/kg HEP for 8 weeks.The results showed that HEP supplementation enhanced eggshell quality by improving the eggshell ultrastructure,as evidenced by increased eggshell thickness and strength(P<0.05).HEP decreased the abundance of Enterobacterales,Yersiniaceae,and Rahnella and increased the abundance of Actinobacteria in the uterus(P<0.05).HEP inhibited the activation of the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway and decreased(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α).HEP promoted cell proliferation,as evidenced by the increased(P<0.05)expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Proliferation Ki-67(Ki67),and reduced necrotic apoptosis by downregulating(P<0.05)the mRNA expression of cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3(Caspase-3)and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 9(Caspase-9).HEP restored the physiological function of the uterus and improved eggshell biomineralization as evidenced by the increased mRNA levels of ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 1(ATP2B1),ATPase plasma membrane Ca^(2+)transporting 2(ATP2B2),and solute carrier family 26 member 9(SLC26A9)and decreased ovotransferrin(OVOT)expression(P<0.05).These findings suggest that dietary HEP supplementation can improve the functional integrity of the uterus and modulate uterine microbiota.The enhanced functional integrity of the uterus facilitates the regulation of the expression of proteins involved in eggshell biomineralization,thereby ultimately improving eggshell quality through the modulation of eggshell ultrastructure.
基金financially supported by Transformation Program of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Jiangsu Province(BA2021062).
文摘This study evaluated and compared the fermentative and flavor properties of Hericium erinaceus and Tremella fuciformis fermented beverage(HTFB)produced by four commercial lactic acid bacteria(LAB),i.e.,L.plantarum,L.rhamnosus,L.paracasei or S.thermophilu s.All four strains showed the probiotic potential of utilizing Hericium erinaceus and Tremella fuciformis as fermentation substrates.Among four LAB,L.plantarum produced significantly highest concentrations of total acids(76.16 g/L),while the viable count of HTFB inoculated with L.paracasei was the highest(7.18 log CFU/mL).The contents of bioactive components such as polyphenols and triterpenoids significantly increased after fermentation regardless of the strains.The fermentation process enriched the volatile profile and reduced the unpleasant flavors such as nonanal and 1-octen-3-ol.According to the relative odor activity values and PLS-DA analysis,a total of 8 volatile organic compounds were identified as markers with odor contributions.Furthermore,the olfactory characteristics of the four beverages could be clearly distinguished by electronic nose.The electronic tongue results showed that the fermentation process increased the sourness and decreased the bitterness and astringency of the beverage,resulting in an improved taste property.The sensory evaluation finally confirmed that HTFB inoculated with L.paracasei was the most acceptable product to consumers with high overall flavor coordination.Overall,this work provided valuable information for the selection of premium fermentation strains to produce fermented edible fungi beverages with better nutritional and sensory qualities.
基金Supported by the High Impact Research GrantFundamental Research Grant Scheme FP023/2008C of University of Malaya
文摘Objective： To study the ability of aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus mushroom in the treatment of nerve injury following peroneal nerve crush in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods： Aqueous extract of Hericium erinaceus was given by daily oral administration following peroneal nerve crush injury in Sprague- Dawley rats. The expression of protein kinase B （Akt） and mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways; and c-Jun and c-Fos genes were studied in dorsal root ganglia （DRG） whereas the activity of protein synthesis was assessed in peroneal nerves by immunohistochemical method. Results： Peripheral nerve injury leads to changes at the axonal site of injury and remotely located DRG containing cell bodies of sensory afferent neurons. Immunofluorescence studies showed that DRG neurons ipsilateral to the crush injury in rats of treated groups expressed higher immunoreactivities for Ak＇t, MAPK, c-Jun and c-Fos as compared with negative control group （P〈0.05）. The intensity of nuclear ribonucleoprotein in the distal segments of crushed nerves of treated groups was significantly higher than in the negative control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： H. erinaceus is capable of promoting peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. Potential signaling pathways include Akt, MAPK, c-Jun, and c-Fos, and protein synthesis have been shown to be involved in its action.
基金This work was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(20KJB550016)Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program in Jiangsu Province-Doctoral Program,A Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD).
文摘Hericium erinaceus,an edible and medicinal mushroom,has been utilized since ancient China due to its delicious taste and health benefits.The polysaccharide from H.erinaceus(HEP)is supposed to be one of the major bioactive compounds,which garnered widespread attention in seeking innovative applications for precision nutrition.Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that HEP possesses antioxidant and anti-aging,gastrointestinal protecting,anti-tumor,hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic,immune-enhancing,neuroprotective,and hepatoprotective activities,verifying its functional benefits to human health.This review provides an overview of the extraction and structure of HEP,and concluded that HEP had different structures with different sources of H.erinaceus and extraction methods.Besides,the biochemical and pharmacological properties of HEP as well as the relative mechanism were highlighted and summarized on the basis of in vivo and in vitro studies,which could be helpful for the healthy application of HEP.Finally,the research prospects of HEP for specific populations or precision nutrition were proposed.
基金The study was financially supported by the Key Projects of the National Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD0400204).
文摘The purpose of this work is to describe the structure and hypoglycaemic activity of high-quality Hericium erinaceus dietary fiber(HQ-HDF),and compared with the H.erinaceus dietary fiber(HDF).Scanning electron microscopy and particle size distribution showed that the ultrasonic-microwave assisted enzymatic method significantly changed the surface structure of HQ-HDF and reduced the particle size.The results of high-performance gel chromatography showed that the ultrasonic-microwave assisted enzymatic method made the macromolecular components degrade into small molecular components.HQ-HDF has significantly improved hyperlipidemic activity in vitro.The results showed that HQ-HDF has blood lipid-lowering.The levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in serum of high-fat mice in medium and high dose group were significantly increased.High dose of HQ-HDF significantly decreased the activities of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.High dose of HQ-HDF could decreased the content of malonaldehyde.In addition,histopathological observation of mice liver showed that HQ-HDF could improve the lipid metabolism disorder of liver cells.
