Using S-rough sets, this paper gives the concepts off-heredity knowledge and its heredity coefficient, and f-variation coefficient of knowledge; presents the theorem of f-attribute dependence of variation coefficient ...Using S-rough sets, this paper gives the concepts off-heredity knowledge and its heredity coefficient, and f-variation coefficient of knowledge; presents the theorem of f-attribute dependence of variation coefficient and the relation theorem of heredity-variation. The attribute dependence of f-variation coefficient and the relation of heredity-variation are important characteristics of S-rough sets. From such discussion, this paper puts forward the heredity mining off-knowledge and the algorithm of heredity mining, also gives its relative application.展开更多
[Objective]This paper aims to study the heredity and parental correlation of the oil content of the beginning of the generation at highoil content soybean.[Methods]Seven high yield or high-oil content soybean are sele...[Objective]This paper aims to study the heredity and parental correlation of the oil content of the beginning of the generation at highoil content soybean.[Methods]Seven high yield or high-oil content soybean are selected and eight crosses are made according to the NCII design.[Results]The variation of oil content in F5 relates with the difference between parents.The more the differences between both parents have,the more variations of the oil content of F5 become.When the oil content of both parents are high,and the maturating time of them are very different,the probability of high-oil plant in F5 derived from these cross are high.The oil content of F5 generation has negative correlation with the different between both parents and has positive correlation with the oil content of male parent and significant positive correlation with the oil content of female parent and mid-parent.[Conclusions]This study result provide reference for the seedling of High-oil Content Soybean.展开更多
The heredity of aluminum melt under the action of pulse electric field was investigated by means of the remelt experiment. A new hereditary criterion under this condition was proposed; in the meantime, the differentia...The heredity of aluminum melt under the action of pulse electric field was investigated by means of the remelt experiment. A new hereditary criterion under this condition was proposed; in the meantime, the differential transferability of genetic carrier in activated melt among filial generations was validated with the aid of DSC.展开更多
Heredity in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled spring steel wire 60Si2MnA during heat treatment process was investigated comprehensively. The steel was isothermally transformed to obtain variou...Heredity in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled spring steel wire 60Si2MnA during heat treatment process was investigated comprehensively. The steel was isothermally transformed to obtain various hot-rolled microstructure （pearlite fineness within the range of 140-510 nm） and mechanical properties, and followed by some quenching-tempering treatment. Afterwards, microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative metallography, and mechanical properties were determined by tensile test. The results indicated that the hot-rolled microstructure with a coarsen pearlite structure had been changed after reheating, to a austenite microstructure with bigger and more uneven grain size, and finally to a coarsen tempered microstructure. And the average austenite grain size and standard deviation of its distribution in quenched microstructure were observed to depend linearly on the interlamellar spacing in hot-rolled microstructure. Besides, to obtain a good combination of the final strength and plasticity, an optimum value range （190-280 nm） of the interlamellar spacing had been determined for the interlamellar spacing in hot-rolled microstructure.展开更多
Several risk factors,which include heredity,ultra-violet (UV) light and chronic inflammation,contribute to pterygium development.However,there is no report integrating these factors in the pathogenesis of pterygium.Th...Several risk factors,which include heredity,ultra-violet (UV) light and chronic inflammation,contribute to pterygium development.However,there is no report integrating these factors in the pathogenesis of pterygium.The aim of this review is to describe the connection between heredity,UV,and inflammation in pterygium development.Existing reports indicate that sunlight exposure is the main factor in pterygium occurrence by inducing growth factor production or chronic inflammation or DNA damage.Heredity may be a factor.Our studies on factors in pterygium occurrence and recurrence identify that heredity is crucial for pterygium to develop,and that sunlight is only a trigger,and that chronic inflammation promotes pterygium enlargement.We propose that genetic factors may interfere with the control of fibrovascular proliferation while UV light or(sunlight)most likely only triggers pterygium development by inducing growth factors which promote vibrant fibrovascular proliferation in predisposed individuals.It also just triggers inflammation and collagenolysis,which may be promoters of the enlargement of the fibrovascular mass.Pterygium probably occurs in the presence of exuberant collagen production and profuse neovascularisation.展开更多
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting soybean growth. Genetic improvement for salt tolerance is an effective way to protect soybean yield under salt stress conditions. Successful improvement of sa...Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting soybean growth. Genetic improvement for salt tolerance is an effective way to protect soybean yield under salt stress conditions. Successful improvement of salt tolerance in soybean relies on identifying genetic variation that confers tolerance in soybean germplasm and subsequently incorporating these genetic resources into cultivars. In this review, we summarize the progress in genetic diversity and genetics of salt tolerance in soybean, which includes identifying genetic diversity for salt tolerant germplasm; mapping QTLs conferring salt tolerance; map-based cloning; and conducting genome-wide association study（GWAS） analysis in soybean. Future research avenues are also discussed, including high throughput phenotyping technology, the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System, and genomic selection technology for molecular breeding of salt tolerance.展开更多
Heredity of high pure aluminum melts under different pulse electric field was investigated by means of repetitious remelt experiment. The results indicate that the genetic coefficient by measurement of grain size of c...Heredity of high pure aluminum melts under different pulse electric field was investigated by means of repetitious remelt experiment. The results indicate that the genetic coefficient by measurement of grain size of cast structure has a close relation with pulse voltage. Moreover, the hereditary law accords with the function of In = 1＋ e^-an＋β. The stability of genetic carrier （cluster） comprises in the competition between repetitious cooling and heating impulse and the effect of electric pulse modification.展开更多
AIM： To establish and validate the mutation testing for identification and characterization of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） in suspected Chinese patients. METHODS： Five independent Chinese ki...AIM： To establish and validate the mutation testing for identification and characterization of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） in suspected Chinese patients. METHODS： Five independent Chinese kindreds with HNPCC fulfilling the classical Amsterdam criteria were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted after informed consent was obtained. The coding region of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC）. Mutations identified in the proband by DHPLC were directly sequenced using a 377 DNA sequencer, analyzed with a basic local alignment tool （BLAST）, and tested in the corresponding family members by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Mutations were identified in two Chinese HNPCC kindreds. One was the missense mutation of hMSH2 c.1808A→G resulting in Asp 603 Gly identified in the proband of the fifth HNPCC （HNPCCS） kindred. In the HNP5 kindred, three family members were found to have this mutation and two of them had colorectal cancer. The other mutation of hMLH1 c.1882A→G was identified in the HNP2 kindred＇s proband, which might be the nonsense mutation analyzed by BLAST. CONCLUSION： Pedigree investigation and mutation testing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 are the practical methods to identify high-risk HNPCC patients in China.展开更多
The heredity of clusters in rapidly cooled(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_x melts and its correlation with glass-forming ability(GFA)are studied via molecular dynamics simulations.Pair distribution function and the largest...The heredity of clusters in rapidly cooled(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_x melts and its correlation with glass-forming ability(GFA)are studied via molecular dynamics simulations.Pair distribution function and the largest standard cluster(LSC)are adopted to characterize the local atomic structures in the(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_(x)systems.The[12/555]icosahedra and their medium-range order(IMRO)play an important role in forming(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_(x)metallic glasses(MGs).The fraction of[12/555],the number of IMRO,and the maximum size of IMRO in MGs increase significantly with increasing x.A tracking study further reveals that the configuration heredity of icosahedral clusters starts from supercooled liquids.No direct correlation exists between the GFA and the onset temperature of continuous or stated heredity.Instead,a larger hereditary supercooled degree of icosahedra matches with better GFA of Al-doped Zr_(50)Cu_(50)alloys.展开更多
The remarkable heredity of liquid aluminum modified by electric pulse (EP, EPM) has been uncovered. For better understanding from all aspects on the hereditary properties, the present research deals with the heredity ...The remarkable heredity of liquid aluminum modified by electric pulse (EP, EPM) has been uncovered. For better understanding from all aspects on the hereditary properties, the present research deals with the heredity destruction and the secondary EPM procedure. It is shown that the secondary EPM is capable of preventing the heredity reduction of EP-modified liquid aluminum, and that the final refining effect has a close relationship with technique parameters of the secondary EPM. Furthermore, at a certain superheated temperature depending on the initial EPM technique parameters, the heredity relationship of EP-modified liquid aluminum can be cut off during remelting. High temperature X-ray diffraction combining with the DSC tests also indicates that the EP-induced structure changes have almost disappeared at an elevated remelting temperature.展开更多
The influence of hot rolled process on microstructure in TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steel and the heredity characteristic from the hot rolled microstructure to annealed microstructure are investigated....The influence of hot rolled process on microstructure in TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steel and the heredity characteristic from the hot rolled microstructure to annealed microstructure are investigated. The results show that there are two kinds of hot rolled microstructures at different coiling temperatures. One is composed of coarse grains of ferrite, pearlite and bainite, and the other is composed of small grains of ferrite, bainite and austen- ite, After annealing, the first kind of hot rolled microstructure is greatly refined, and volume fraction, and carbon content of austenite increase significantly. However, it has little changes in grain size, volume fraction and carbon content of austenite after the second kind of hot roiled sheet is annealed. There are also differences in distribution of retained austenite between the two annealed microstructures observed by EBSD and TEM technology. Retained aus- tenite in the first annealed microstructure is distributed mainly on the inside of the polygonal ferrite in the form of spot, only little retained austenite is located on bainte ferrite boundary, however retained austenite in the second an- nealing microstructure is located in several places, such as inside of polygonal ferrite, polygonal ferrite boundary, and bainte ferrite boundary.展开更多
AIM：To investigate the genetic mutations that are associated the hereditary autosomal dominant cataract in a Chinese family.METHODS：A Chinese family consisting of 20 cataract patients（including 9 male and 11 female...AIM：To investigate the genetic mutations that are associated the hereditary autosomal dominant cataract in a Chinese family.METHODS：A Chinese family consisting of 20 cataract patients（including 9 male and 11 female） and 2 unaffected individuals from 5 generations were diagnosed to be a typical autosomal dominant cataract pedigree. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood cells of the participants in this pedigree. Exon sequence was used for genetic mutation screening. In silico analysis was used to study the structure characteristics of connexin 46（CX46） mutant. Immunoblotting was conduceted for testing the expression of CX46.RESULTS：To determine the involved genetic mutations, 11 well-known cataract-associated genes（cryaa, cryab, crybb1, crybb2, crygc, crygd, Gja3, Gja8, Hsf4, Mip and Pitx3） were chosen for genetic mutation test by using exon sequencing. A novel cytosine insertion at position 1195 of CX46 c DNA（c.1194_1195ins C） was found in the samples of 5 tested cataract patients but not in the unaffected 2 individuals nor in normal controls, which resulted in 30 amino acids more extension in CX46Cterminus（cx46fs400） compared with the wild-type CX46. In silico protein structure analysis indicated that the mutant showed distinctive hydrophobicity and protein secondary structure compared with the wild-type CX46. The immunoblot results revealed that CX46 protein, which expressed in the aging cataract lens tissues, was absence in the proband lens. In contrast, CX50, alpha A-crystallin and alphaB-crystallin expressed equally in both proband and aging cataract tissues. Those results revealed that the cx46fs400 mutation could impair CX46 protein expression. CONCLUSION：The insertion of cytosine at position 1195 of CX46 cD NA is a novel mutation site that is associated with the autosomal dominant cataracts in this Chinese family. The C-terminal frameshift mutation is involved in regulating CX46 protein expression.展开更多
Spotted leaf(spl)mutant is a type of leaf lesion mimic mutants in plants.We obtained some lesion mimic mutants from ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivar Guomai 301(wild type,WT)...Spotted leaf(spl)mutant is a type of leaf lesion mimic mutants in plants.We obtained some lesion mimic mutants from ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivar Guomai 301(wild type,WT),and one of them was named as white stripe leaf(wsl)mutant because of the white stripes on its leaves.Here we report the heredity and gene mapping of this novel wheat mutant wsl.There are many small scattered white stripes on the leaves of wsl throughout its whole growth period.As the plants grew,the white stripes became more severe and the necrotic area expanded.The mutant wsl grew only weakly before the jointing stage and gradually recovered after jointing.The length and width of the flag leaf,spike number per plant and thousand-grain weight of wsl were significantly lower than those of the WT.Genetic analysis indicated that the trait of white stripe leaf was controlled by a recessive gene locus,named as wsl,which was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 B by SSR marker assay.Four SSR markers in the F2 population of wsl×CS were linked to wsl in the order of Xgpw1079–Xwmc104–Xgwm508-wsl–Xgpw7651 at 7.1,5.2,8.7,and 4.4 c M,respectively and three SSR markers in the F2 population of wsl×Jimai 22 were linked to wsl in the order of Xgwm508–Xwmc494–Xgwm518-wsl at 3.5,1.6 and 8.2 c M,respectively.In comparison to the reference genome sequence of Chinese Spring(CS),wsl is located in a 91-Mb region from 88 Mb(Xgwm518)to 179 Mb(Xgpw7651)on chromosome 6 BS.Mutant wsl is a novel germplasm for studying the molecular mechanism of wheat leaf development.展开更多
Macroscopic texture and microscopic orientation in hot-rolled and annealed sheets of nonoriented electrical steel were studied by XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure of hot-rolled and annealed samples was stud...Macroscopic texture and microscopic orientation in hot-rolled and annealed sheets of nonoriented electrical steel were studied by XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure of hot-rolled and annealed samples was studied by OM. Experimental results indicate that a strong heredity is observed in texture evolution between hot-rolled texture and annealed texture. Typical elements have a large effect on the recrystallization microstructure and texture distribution. The texture distribution through thickness is highly affected by recrystallization in hot rolled sheets. The recrystallization is boosted by Si and Al. Goss grains originate from cracked initial 〈100〉 columnar grains. {110}〈112〉, {112}〈111〉 and {111}〈112〉 grains are related to Goss grains. In subsurface lay of hot rolled sheets, Al can strengthen Goss texture and weaken copper-type texture. {112}〈111〉 texture and {110}〈112〉 texture are strengthened by Si. In the central layers, {100}〈001〉 texture and {111}〈121〉 texture are weakened by Al. {100}〈011〉 texture is increased by Al. Si can increase the proportion of γ-fiber texture and decrease that of {100}〈011〉 texture. In annealed texture, {100}〈001〉 texture and Goss texture are decreased by Al and Si. γ-fiber texture is increased by Si and {111}〈121〉 texture is preferentially increased by Al. The recrystallized grain size is increased and iron loss of annealed sheets is reduced by Al and Si, which means that the magnetic properties are optimized by the Al and Si content.展开更多
Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact ...Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation of pinus koraiensis.展开更多
A new concept of undercooling heredity is developed to evaluate the undercooling ability in a non catalytic nucleation coated mould, where alloy melts were highly undercooled previously. Before the heredity experiment...A new concept of undercooling heredity is developed to evaluate the undercooling ability in a non catalytic nucleation coated mould, where alloy melts were highly undercooled previously. Before the heredity experiment a non catalytic nucleation composite glass lined coating (B F) was prepared on the inner surface of mould and the Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy was selected to perform undercooling experiment in the B F non catalytic coating mould. Its ratio of undercooling heredity was 0.76. The results prove that the B F coating is an ideal non catalytic media for purified Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy melts due to its small contact angle between the melt and coating layer. Considering that various microstructures form under different undercoolings, two critical undercoolings, Δ T 1 and Δ T 2, and their corresponding microstructures of Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy are well defined. Moreover, it is found that the manned trigging solidification in the non catalytic coating mould could be used to get directional undercooling dendrite structure while the melt undercooling is larger than the critical undercooling Δ T 2.展开更多
Bruchid is a serious insect pest of mungbean [Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek] and can inflict serious loss. A resistant variety from India, V2709, was crossed with a susceptible variety, Zhonglti 1, from the World Veget...Bruchid is a serious insect pest of mungbean [Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek] and can inflict serious loss. A resistant variety from India, V2709, was crossed with a susceptible variety, Zhonglti 1, from the World Vegetable Center, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center （AVRDC）. Segregation of the F2, BC1F1, and F3 populations showed that bruchid resistance of V2709 is controlled by a single dominant locus. To find molecular marker linked with the resistant locus, 63 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers and 113 sets of SSR/STS primers were used in a bulked segregant analysis. Two of the markers, OPC-06 and STSbr2, were found to be linked with the locus （named as Br2）. Further analysis suggested that the genetic distances between these two markers and Br2 were 11.0 and 5.8 cM, respectively.展开更多
The chloroplast DNA （cpDNA） and mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） of 16 Populus species （Section Leuce） and their F1 generation were detected using PCR-RFLP technique. The results show that cpDNA in the F1 generation of...The chloroplast DNA （cpDNA） and mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） of 16 Populus species （Section Leuce） and their F1 generation were detected using PCR-RFLP technique. The results show that cpDNA in the F1 generation of 22 hybrid combinations was inherited maternally, which supported the conclusions of the study of plasmid cytology. The mtDNA fragments amplified by PCR were consistent with the restriction maps in all hybrid combinations and no polymorphism was detected, indicating that the Section Leuce is highly conserved in mitochondrial gene sequences. These results provided direct evidence of maternal chloroplast inheritance in Populus tomentosa, P. bolleana, P. davidiana, P. adenopoda, P. tomentosa × P. bolleana, P. alba × P. glandulosa and P. alba × P. tomentosa.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the membrane localization function of the CX26 protein when its 86th amino acid is Thr, Ser or Arg, and its relations to deafness. Methods:CX26-GFP protein with either Thr, Ser or Arg as the 8...Objective:To investigate the membrane localization function of the CX26 protein when its 86th amino acid is Thr, Ser or Arg, and its relations to deafness. Methods:CX26-GFP protein with either Thr, Ser or Arg as the 86th amino acid was expressed in mouse SGN cells via the GFP fusion type lenti-virus expression system. The membrane localization of the fusion protein was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Results:The mutated protein of CX26 T86S was localized to cell membrane and form gap conjunction structures, showing no difference to the wild type CX26 protein (with Thr as the 86th amino acid). However, the gap conjunction structure disappeared when the mutation was CX26 T86A. Conclusion:These results indicate that the CX26 T86R mutation may be a cause of hearing loss, but CX26 T86S as a non-pathogenic poly-morphism mutation does not affect functions of the CX26 protein. The results are in accordance with the results of clinical screening.展开更多
A proband with persistently elevated alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) levels ranging between 21- 129 ng/ml with median of 90 ng/ml has been found and observed for 1 year.Family studies have revealed that his father had had pers...A proband with persistently elevated alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) levels ranging between 21- 129 ng/ml with median of 90 ng/ml has been found and observed for 1 year.Family studies have revealed that his father had had persistent AFP elevation for 4 years, ranging from 46 to 198. 2 ng/ml, with median level of 93 ng/ml. His brother also has elevated AFP level. His mother, paternal uncle and paternal aunt, however have normal AFP level. Clinical examinations and laboratory tests have shown that AFP elevations are not associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis, or other malignancies. We believe that such AFP persistency is hereditary. So far as we known , this is the first family of hereditary AFP persistence reported in China and the fourth one throughout the world.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60364001), the Shandong ProvincialNatural Science Foundation of China (Y2004A04) and Fujian Provincial Education Foundation of China(JA04268).
文摘Using S-rough sets, this paper gives the concepts off-heredity knowledge and its heredity coefficient, and f-variation coefficient of knowledge; presents the theorem of f-attribute dependence of variation coefficient and the relation theorem of heredity-variation. The attribute dependence of f-variation coefficient and the relation of heredity-variation are important characteristics of S-rough sets. From such discussion, this paper puts forward the heredity mining off-knowledge and the algorithm of heredity mining, also gives its relative application.
文摘[Objective]This paper aims to study the heredity and parental correlation of the oil content of the beginning of the generation at highoil content soybean.[Methods]Seven high yield or high-oil content soybean are selected and eight crosses are made according to the NCII design.[Results]The variation of oil content in F5 relates with the difference between parents.The more the differences between both parents have,the more variations of the oil content of F5 become.When the oil content of both parents are high,and the maturating time of them are very different,the probability of high-oil plant in F5 derived from these cross are high.The oil content of F5 generation has negative correlation with the different between both parents and has positive correlation with the oil content of male parent and significant positive correlation with the oil content of female parent and mid-parent.[Conclusions]This study result provide reference for the seedling of High-oil Content Soybean.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50174028and50674054)
文摘The heredity of aluminum melt under the action of pulse electric field was investigated by means of the remelt experiment. A new hereditary criterion under this condition was proposed; in the meantime, the differential transferability of genetic carrier in activated melt among filial generations was validated with the aid of DSC.
文摘Heredity in the microstructure and mechanical properties of hot-rolled spring steel wire 60Si2MnA during heat treatment process was investigated comprehensively. The steel was isothermally transformed to obtain various hot-rolled microstructure （pearlite fineness within the range of 140-510 nm） and mechanical properties, and followed by some quenching-tempering treatment. Afterwards, microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative metallography, and mechanical properties were determined by tensile test. The results indicated that the hot-rolled microstructure with a coarsen pearlite structure had been changed after reheating, to a austenite microstructure with bigger and more uneven grain size, and finally to a coarsen tempered microstructure. And the average austenite grain size and standard deviation of its distribution in quenched microstructure were observed to depend linearly on the interlamellar spacing in hot-rolled microstructure. Besides, to obtain a good combination of the final strength and plasticity, an optimum value range （190-280 nm） of the interlamellar spacing had been determined for the interlamellar spacing in hot-rolled microstructure.
文摘Several risk factors,which include heredity,ultra-violet (UV) light and chronic inflammation,contribute to pterygium development.However,there is no report integrating these factors in the pathogenesis of pterygium.The aim of this review is to describe the connection between heredity,UV,and inflammation in pterygium development.Existing reports indicate that sunlight exposure is the main factor in pterygium occurrence by inducing growth factor production or chronic inflammation or DNA damage.Heredity may be a factor.Our studies on factors in pterygium occurrence and recurrence identify that heredity is crucial for pterygium to develop,and that sunlight is only a trigger,and that chronic inflammation promotes pterygium enlargement.We propose that genetic factors may interfere with the control of fibrovascular proliferation while UV light or(sunlight)most likely only triggers pterygium development by inducing growth factors which promote vibrant fibrovascular proliferation in predisposed individuals.It also just triggers inflammation and collagenolysis,which may be promoters of the enlargement of the fibrovascular mass.Pterygium probably occurs in the presence of exuberant collagen production and profuse neovascularisation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401407)
文摘Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting soybean growth. Genetic improvement for salt tolerance is an effective way to protect soybean yield under salt stress conditions. Successful improvement of salt tolerance in soybean relies on identifying genetic variation that confers tolerance in soybean germplasm and subsequently incorporating these genetic resources into cultivars. In this review, we summarize the progress in genetic diversity and genetics of salt tolerance in soybean, which includes identifying genetic diversity for salt tolerant germplasm; mapping QTLs conferring salt tolerance; map-based cloning; and conducting genome-wide association study（GWAS） analysis in soybean. Future research avenues are also discussed, including high throughput phenotyping technology, the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System, and genomic selection technology for molecular breeding of salt tolerance.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China (50174028 ,50674054)
文摘Heredity of high pure aluminum melts under different pulse electric field was investigated by means of repetitious remelt experiment. The results indicate that the genetic coefficient by measurement of grain size of cast structure has a close relation with pulse voltage. Moreover, the hereditary law accords with the function of In = 1＋ e^-an＋β. The stability of genetic carrier （cluster） comprises in the competition between repetitious cooling and heating impulse and the effect of electric pulse modification.
基金The Special Funds of China Education Ministry for Returnees, No. 2003-14
文摘AIM： To establish and validate the mutation testing for identification and characterization of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer （HNPCC） in suspected Chinese patients. METHODS： Five independent Chinese kindreds with HNPCC fulfilling the classical Amsterdam criteria were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted after informed consent was obtained. The coding region of hMSH2 and hMLH1 genes was detected by polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography （DHPLC）. Mutations identified in the proband by DHPLC were directly sequenced using a 377 DNA sequencer, analyzed with a basic local alignment tool （BLAST）, and tested in the corresponding family members by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS： Mutations were identified in two Chinese HNPCC kindreds. One was the missense mutation of hMSH2 c.1808A→G resulting in Asp 603 Gly identified in the proband of the fifth HNPCC （HNPCCS） kindred. In the HNP5 kindred, three family members were found to have this mutation and two of them had colorectal cancer. The other mutation of hMLH1 c.1882A→G was identified in the HNP2 kindred＇s proband, which might be the nonsense mutation analyzed by BLAST. CONCLUSION： Pedigree investigation and mutation testing of hMSH2 and hMLH1 are the practical methods to identify high-risk HNPCC patients in China.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51701071)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant Nos.2018JJ3100 and 2018JJ2078)the Project of the Hunan Educational Department,China(Grant No.19B122)。
文摘The heredity of clusters in rapidly cooled(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_x melts and its correlation with glass-forming ability(GFA)are studied via molecular dynamics simulations.Pair distribution function and the largest standard cluster(LSC)are adopted to characterize the local atomic structures in the(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_(x)systems.The[12/555]icosahedra and their medium-range order(IMRO)play an important role in forming(Zr_(50)Cu_(50))_(100-x)Al_(x)metallic glasses(MGs).The fraction of[12/555],the number of IMRO,and the maximum size of IMRO in MGs increase significantly with increasing x.A tracking study further reveals that the configuration heredity of icosahedral clusters starts from supercooled liquids.No direct correlation exists between the GFA and the onset temperature of continuous or stated heredity.Instead,a larger hereditary supercooled degree of icosahedra matches with better GFA of Al-doped Zr_(50)Cu_(50)alloys.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51074087)the Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(No.2010921096)
文摘The remarkable heredity of liquid aluminum modified by electric pulse (EP, EPM) has been uncovered. For better understanding from all aspects on the hereditary properties, the present research deals with the heredity destruction and the secondary EPM procedure. It is shown that the secondary EPM is capable of preventing the heredity reduction of EP-modified liquid aluminum, and that the final refining effect has a close relationship with technique parameters of the secondary EPM. Furthermore, at a certain superheated temperature depending on the initial EPM technique parameters, the heredity relationship of EP-modified liquid aluminum can be cut off during remelting. High temperature X-ray diffraction combining with the DSC tests also indicates that the EP-induced structure changes have almost disappeared at an elevated remelting temperature.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50804005)National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program)of China(2008AA03E502)
文摘The influence of hot rolled process on microstructure in TRIP （transformation induced plasticity） steel and the heredity characteristic from the hot rolled microstructure to annealed microstructure are investigated. The results show that there are two kinds of hot rolled microstructures at different coiling temperatures. One is composed of coarse grains of ferrite, pearlite and bainite, and the other is composed of small grains of ferrite, bainite and austen- ite, After annealing, the first kind of hot rolled microstructure is greatly refined, and volume fraction, and carbon content of austenite increase significantly. However, it has little changes in grain size, volume fraction and carbon content of austenite after the second kind of hot roiled sheet is annealed. There are also differences in distribution of retained austenite between the two annealed microstructures observed by EBSD and TEM technology. Retained aus- tenite in the first annealed microstructure is distributed mainly on the inside of the polygonal ferrite in the form of spot, only little retained austenite is located on bainte ferrite boundary, however retained austenite in the second an- nealing microstructure is located in several places, such as inside of polygonal ferrite, polygonal ferrite boundary, and bainte ferrite boundary.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570825No.81400387+1 种基金No.U1404810)Henan Education Committee Foundations for Talent Innovative Technology(No.14IRTSTHN019)
文摘AIM：To investigate the genetic mutations that are associated the hereditary autosomal dominant cataract in a Chinese family.METHODS：A Chinese family consisting of 20 cataract patients（including 9 male and 11 female） and 2 unaffected individuals from 5 generations were diagnosed to be a typical autosomal dominant cataract pedigree. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from the peripheral blood cells of the participants in this pedigree. Exon sequence was used for genetic mutation screening. In silico analysis was used to study the structure characteristics of connexin 46（CX46） mutant. Immunoblotting was conduceted for testing the expression of CX46.RESULTS：To determine the involved genetic mutations, 11 well-known cataract-associated genes（cryaa, cryab, crybb1, crybb2, crygc, crygd, Gja3, Gja8, Hsf4, Mip and Pitx3） were chosen for genetic mutation test by using exon sequencing. A novel cytosine insertion at position 1195 of CX46 c DNA（c.1194_1195ins C） was found in the samples of 5 tested cataract patients but not in the unaffected 2 individuals nor in normal controls, which resulted in 30 amino acids more extension in CX46Cterminus（cx46fs400） compared with the wild-type CX46. In silico protein structure analysis indicated that the mutant showed distinctive hydrophobicity and protein secondary structure compared with the wild-type CX46. The immunoblot results revealed that CX46 protein, which expressed in the aging cataract lens tissues, was absence in the proband lens. In contrast, CX50, alpha A-crystallin and alphaB-crystallin expressed equally in both proband and aging cataract tissues. Those results revealed that the cx46fs400 mutation could impair CX46 protein expression. CONCLUSION：The insertion of cytosine at position 1195 of CX46 cD NA is a novel mutation site that is associated with the autosomal dominant cataracts in this Chinese family. The C-terminal frameshift mutation is involved in regulating CX46 protein expression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31571646)the Science and Technology Project in Henan Province,China(182102110147)。
文摘Spotted leaf(spl)mutant is a type of leaf lesion mimic mutants in plants.We obtained some lesion mimic mutants from ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cultivar Guomai 301(wild type,WT),and one of them was named as white stripe leaf(wsl)mutant because of the white stripes on its leaves.Here we report the heredity and gene mapping of this novel wheat mutant wsl.There are many small scattered white stripes on the leaves of wsl throughout its whole growth period.As the plants grew,the white stripes became more severe and the necrotic area expanded.The mutant wsl grew only weakly before the jointing stage and gradually recovered after jointing.The length and width of the flag leaf,spike number per plant and thousand-grain weight of wsl were significantly lower than those of the WT.Genetic analysis indicated that the trait of white stripe leaf was controlled by a recessive gene locus,named as wsl,which was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 B by SSR marker assay.Four SSR markers in the F2 population of wsl×CS were linked to wsl in the order of Xgpw1079–Xwmc104–Xgwm508-wsl–Xgpw7651 at 7.1,5.2,8.7,and 4.4 c M,respectively and three SSR markers in the F2 population of wsl×Jimai 22 were linked to wsl in the order of Xgwm508–Xwmc494–Xgwm518-wsl at 3.5,1.6 and 8.2 c M,respectively.In comparison to the reference genome sequence of Chinese Spring(CS),wsl is located in a 91-Mb region from 88 Mb(Xgwm518)to 179 Mb(Xgpw7651)on chromosome 6 BS.Mutant wsl is a novel germplasm for studying the molecular mechanism of wheat leaf development.
基金Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(TP-A3)(No.:FRF-TP-15-063A3)
文摘Macroscopic texture and microscopic orientation in hot-rolled and annealed sheets of nonoriented electrical steel were studied by XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure of hot-rolled and annealed samples was studied by OM. Experimental results indicate that a strong heredity is observed in texture evolution between hot-rolled texture and annealed texture. Typical elements have a large effect on the recrystallization microstructure and texture distribution. The texture distribution through thickness is highly affected by recrystallization in hot rolled sheets. The recrystallization is boosted by Si and Al. Goss grains originate from cracked initial 〈100〉 columnar grains. {110}〈112〉, {112}〈111〉 and {111}〈112〉 grains are related to Goss grains. In subsurface lay of hot rolled sheets, Al can strengthen Goss texture and weaken copper-type texture. {112}〈111〉 texture and {110}〈112〉 texture are strengthened by Si. In the central layers, {100}〈001〉 texture and {111}〈121〉 texture are weakened by Al. {100}〈011〉 texture is increased by Al. Si can increase the proportion of γ-fiber texture and decrease that of {100}〈011〉 texture. In annealed texture, {100}〈001〉 texture and Goss texture are decreased by Al and Si. γ-fiber texture is increased by Si and {111}〈121〉 texture is preferentially increased by Al. The recrystallized grain size is increased and iron loss of annealed sheets is reduced by Al and Si, which means that the magnetic properties are optimized by the Al and Si content.
文摘Through the polyacrylamide gel clectrophoresis analysis of thirty-two needle samples of ninty-years old pinus koraiensis in Harbin, seven typies of zone and distribution of the zone frequency, and some objective fact of heredity and variation were determined. These informations can be used as reference materials in the research of heredity and variation of pinus koraiensis.
文摘A new concept of undercooling heredity is developed to evaluate the undercooling ability in a non catalytic nucleation coated mould, where alloy melts were highly undercooled previously. Before the heredity experiment a non catalytic nucleation composite glass lined coating (B F) was prepared on the inner surface of mould and the Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy was selected to perform undercooling experiment in the B F non catalytic coating mould. Its ratio of undercooling heredity was 0.76. The results prove that the B F coating is an ideal non catalytic media for purified Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy melts due to its small contact angle between the melt and coating layer. Considering that various microstructures form under different undercoolings, two critical undercoolings, Δ T 1 and Δ T 2, and their corresponding microstructures of Cu 70 Ni 30 alloy are well defined. Moreover, it is found that the manned trigging solidification in the non catalytic coating mould could be used to get directional undercooling dendrite structure while the melt undercooling is larger than the critical undercooling Δ T 2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30170635)Crop Germplasm Protection,China(NB04-22-12)National Facilities and Information Infrastructure for Scinece and Technology,China(2004DKA30380-08,National Key Technology Support Plan,China(2006BAD02B08),Science and Technology of Agricultural Vocation,China(nyhyzx07-017).
文摘Bruchid is a serious insect pest of mungbean [Vigna radiata （L.） Wilczek] and can inflict serious loss. A resistant variety from India, V2709, was crossed with a susceptible variety, Zhonglti 1, from the World Vegetable Center, Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center （AVRDC）. Segregation of the F2, BC1F1, and F3 populations showed that bruchid resistance of V2709 is controlled by a single dominant locus. To find molecular marker linked with the resistant locus, 63 randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers and 113 sets of SSR/STS primers were used in a bulked segregant analysis. Two of the markers, OPC-06 and STSbr2, were found to be linked with the locus （named as Br2）. Further analysis suggested that the genetic distances between these two markers and Br2 were 11.0 and 5.8 cM, respectively.
基金the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30771747 and 30640036)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 6042020)+1 种基金the research projects supported by the Hebei Education Department (No. Z2010102)the Baoding University (No. 2010Z02)
文摘The chloroplast DNA （cpDNA） and mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） of 16 Populus species （Section Leuce） and their F1 generation were detected using PCR-RFLP technique. The results show that cpDNA in the F1 generation of 22 hybrid combinations was inherited maternally, which supported the conclusions of the study of plasmid cytology. The mtDNA fragments amplified by PCR were consistent with the restriction maps in all hybrid combinations and no polymorphism was detected, indicating that the Section Leuce is highly conserved in mitochondrial gene sequences. These results provided direct evidence of maternal chloroplast inheritance in Populus tomentosa, P. bolleana, P. davidiana, P. adenopoda, P. tomentosa × P. bolleana, P. alba × P. glandulosa and P. alba × P. tomentosa.
基金supported by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (#2012CB967900)National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300624, 81470684)+3 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (2015M571818)Six Major Categories Talent (2014-WSN043, 2011-WS-074)Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Jiangsu Province (201510313003Z, 201510313003, KYLX14-1455)Clinic Medical Special Foundation of Jiangsu province (b12014032)
文摘Objective:To investigate the membrane localization function of the CX26 protein when its 86th amino acid is Thr, Ser or Arg, and its relations to deafness. Methods:CX26-GFP protein with either Thr, Ser or Arg as the 86th amino acid was expressed in mouse SGN cells via the GFP fusion type lenti-virus expression system. The membrane localization of the fusion protein was observed under a fluorescence microscope. Results:The mutated protein of CX26 T86S was localized to cell membrane and form gap conjunction structures, showing no difference to the wild type CX26 protein (with Thr as the 86th amino acid). However, the gap conjunction structure disappeared when the mutation was CX26 T86A. Conclusion:These results indicate that the CX26 T86R mutation may be a cause of hearing loss, but CX26 T86S as a non-pathogenic poly-morphism mutation does not affect functions of the CX26 protein. The results are in accordance with the results of clinical screening.
文摘A proband with persistently elevated alpha-fetoprotein(AFP) levels ranging between 21- 129 ng/ml with median of 90 ng/ml has been found and observed for 1 year.Family studies have revealed that his father had had persistent AFP elevation for 4 years, ranging from 46 to 198. 2 ng/ml, with median level of 93 ng/ml. His brother also has elevated AFP level. His mother, paternal uncle and paternal aunt, however have normal AFP level. Clinical examinations and laboratory tests have shown that AFP elevations are not associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatitis, or other malignancies. We believe that such AFP persistency is hereditary. So far as we known , this is the first family of hereditary AFP persistence reported in China and the fourth one throughout the world.
