美国民间组织联合援华救济会(UCR)所生产的纪录片《这里是中国》(Here is China,1944)长期以来几乎未被国内研究者关注。该片并未直接表现惨烈的抗日战争,而是聚焦于中国的“古老文明”与“走向现代”,进而揭示战火给这个国家带来的灾...美国民间组织联合援华救济会(UCR)所生产的纪录片《这里是中国》(Here is China,1944)长期以来几乎未被国内研究者关注。该片并未直接表现惨烈的抗日战争,而是聚焦于中国的“古老文明”与“走向现代”,进而揭示战火给这个国家带来的灾难与破坏。该片作为宣传性作品,显然有着明确的建立认知、诉诸情感的生产目的。在《这里是中国》的制片、发行、放映、受众反馈这一完整传播周期中,围绕作品的相关历史文献与影像叙事形成交互验证关系。该作品当然表现了抗日战争时期美国他塑的中国形象及跨文化认同;但更重要的是,作为穿越80年时空的历史文本,作品映射了中国抗日战争与世界反法西斯战争烽火中,中美两国人民那种跨越太平洋的心灵契合。展开更多
鉴于传统语法和转换生成语法(transformational and generative grammar/T-G语法)在解释以"HERE构式"为代表的特殊句式语义成因上存在的不足,以意象图式中的路径图式为指导,动态分析"HERE构式"中包含的两种子构式(H...鉴于传统语法和转换生成语法(transformational and generative grammar/T-G语法)在解释以"HERE构式"为代表的特殊句式语义成因上存在的不足,以意象图式中的路径图式为指导,动态分析"HERE构式"中包含的两种子构式(HERE+S+V,HERE+V+S)语义形成背后蕴含的不同的认知体验机制,可探讨基于体验性的图式分析法对多元构式语义成因的解释力和有效性。展开更多
Background: The prolonged slow expiratory (PSE) technique can induce sigh breaths related to the Hering-Breuer reflex in children.PSE is a specific chest physiotherapy technique often used in children to help with the...Background: The prolonged slow expiratory (PSE) technique can induce sigh breaths related to the Hering-Breuer reflex in children.PSE is a specific chest physiotherapy technique often used in children to help with the clearance of secretions, reduce pulmonary obstruction and decrease ventilatory effort. Purpose: The main objective of this review was to synthesize and clarify the existing knowledge of the physiological mechanism behind the Hering-Breuer reflex and its utility in the PSE technique. The secondary objective was to provide an overview of PSE which is probably the main mechanical feature for mucus clearance in infants and to identify gaps and any further research required. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE, from 1968 to January 2024, using search terms relating to “Interaction of Hering-Breuer reflex and chest physiotherapy therapy, sigh breath in infants and prolonged slow expiration technique” to create an overview of the advances and gaps in current knowledge of PSE. Result: The data obtained following treatment with PSE maneuvers in infants with histories of recurrent wheezing shows that the presence of sighs could be the main active principle of treatment. Conclusion: Changes in volume induced by PSE technique and, effects from crying may stimulate the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex and sighs in turn improving alveolar ventilation as well as lung volume in infants.展开更多
文摘美国民间组织联合援华救济会(UCR)所生产的纪录片《这里是中国》(Here is China,1944)长期以来几乎未被国内研究者关注。该片并未直接表现惨烈的抗日战争,而是聚焦于中国的“古老文明”与“走向现代”,进而揭示战火给这个国家带来的灾难与破坏。该片作为宣传性作品,显然有着明确的建立认知、诉诸情感的生产目的。在《这里是中国》的制片、发行、放映、受众反馈这一完整传播周期中,围绕作品的相关历史文献与影像叙事形成交互验证关系。该作品当然表现了抗日战争时期美国他塑的中国形象及跨文化认同;但更重要的是,作为穿越80年时空的历史文本,作品映射了中国抗日战争与世界反法西斯战争烽火中,中美两国人民那种跨越太平洋的心灵契合。
文摘鉴于传统语法和转换生成语法(transformational and generative grammar/T-G语法)在解释以"HERE构式"为代表的特殊句式语义成因上存在的不足,以意象图式中的路径图式为指导,动态分析"HERE构式"中包含的两种子构式(HERE+S+V,HERE+V+S)语义形成背后蕴含的不同的认知体验机制,可探讨基于体验性的图式分析法对多元构式语义成因的解释力和有效性。
文摘Background: The prolonged slow expiratory (PSE) technique can induce sigh breaths related to the Hering-Breuer reflex in children.PSE is a specific chest physiotherapy technique often used in children to help with the clearance of secretions, reduce pulmonary obstruction and decrease ventilatory effort. Purpose: The main objective of this review was to synthesize and clarify the existing knowledge of the physiological mechanism behind the Hering-Breuer reflex and its utility in the PSE technique. The secondary objective was to provide an overview of PSE which is probably the main mechanical feature for mucus clearance in infants and to identify gaps and any further research required. Method: A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Ovid EMBASE, from 1968 to January 2024, using search terms relating to “Interaction of Hering-Breuer reflex and chest physiotherapy therapy, sigh breath in infants and prolonged slow expiration technique” to create an overview of the advances and gaps in current knowledge of PSE. Result: The data obtained following treatment with PSE maneuvers in infants with histories of recurrent wheezing shows that the presence of sighs could be the main active principle of treatment. Conclusion: Changes in volume induced by PSE technique and, effects from crying may stimulate the Hering-Breuer deflation reflex and sighs in turn improving alveolar ventilation as well as lung volume in infants.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of China (No.413018) and Youth Science Foundation of Health Bureau ofShandong Province (No. 2003-21).
