Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Huanglian Ganjiang decoction(HGD),derived from ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang,has demonstrated efficacy in treating UC patients ...Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Huanglian Ganjiang decoction(HGD),derived from ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang,has demonstrated efficacy in treating UC patients traditionally.Previous research established that the compatibility of cold herb Coptidis Rhizoma+Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(CP)and hot herb Angelicae Sinensis Radix+Zingiberis Rhizoma(AZ)in HGD synergistically improved colitis mice.This study investigated the compatibility mechanisms through which CP and AZ regulated inflammatory balance in colitis mice.The experimental colitis model was established by administering 3%dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)to mice for 7 days,followed by CP,AZ and CPAZ treatment for an additional 7 days.M1/M2 macrophage polarization levels,glucose metabolites levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)expression were analyzed using flow cytometry,Western blot,immunofluorescence and targeted glucose metabolomics.The findings indicated that CP inhibited M1 macrophage polarization,decreased inflammatory metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,and suppressed PDK4 expression and pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.AZ enhanced M2 macrophage polarization,increased lactate axis metabolite lactate levels,and upregulated PDK4 expression and PDH(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.TCA cycle blocker AG-221 and adeno-associated virus(AAV)-PDK4 partially negated CP’s inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.Lactate axis antagonist oxamate and PDK4 inhibitor dichloroacetate(DCA)partially reduced AZ’s activation of M2 macrophage polarization.In conclusion,the compatibility of CP and AZ synergistically alleviated colitis in mice through M1/M2 macrophage polarization balance via PDK4-mediated glucose metabolism reprogramming.Specifically,CP reduced M1 macrophage polarization by restoration of TCA cycle via PDK4 inhibition,while AZ increased M2 macrophage polarization through activation of PDK4/lactate axis.展开更多
Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)is an autoimmune disease characterized primarily by oral and periocular dryness.Astragalus-Salvia(AS)and Ophiopogon-Dendrobium(OD)represent two frequently utilized herb pairs in SS treatmen...Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)is an autoimmune disease characterized primarily by oral and periocular dryness.Astragalus-Salvia(AS)and Ophiopogon-Dendrobium(OD)represent two frequently utilized herb pairs in SS treatment.While the combination of AS-OD herb pairs demonstrates clinical efficacy in alleviating SS symptoms,its underlying mechanism remains unclear.This investigation sought to assess the therapeutic effects and elucidate the potential mechanisms of AS-OD in non-obese diabetic(NOD)/Ltj mice with SS.The study utilized NOD/Ltj mice as SS models,administering AS-OD treatment for 10 weeks at doses of 113.1,226.2,and 339.3 mg·d−1·20 g−1.Results demonstrated that AS-OD improved SS symptoms,evidenced by enhanced salivary flow rate,decreased anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibody levels,increased swimming duration,and reduced lactate(LA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in NOD/Ltj mice.AS-OD reduced lymphocyte infiltration,enhanced Aquaporin-5(AQP5)expression in the submandibular gland,decreased inflammatory cytokine levels in the submandibular gland,and reduced the T helper type 17/regulatory T lymphocyte(Th17/Treg)cell ratio in the spleen.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicated AS-OD’s involvement in regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)and Janus kinase 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK1/STAT3)pathways,with inhibitory effects validated in both NOD/Ltj mice submandibular gland and A-253 cells.Furthermore,AS-OD enhanced cell viability and reduced A-253 cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway.In A-253 cells,AS-OD reduced inflammatory cytokine levels,CXC chemokine ligand 9/10(CXCL9/10),and T-cell chemotaxis by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT3 pathway.AS-OD mitigates SS by suppressing inflammation and immune responses through the PI3K/AKT and JAK1/STAT3 pathways.展开更多
AIM: To analyze the validity of applied test criteria and causality assessment methods in assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity with positive reexposure tests. METHODS: We searched the Medline database for suspected cases ...AIM: To analyze the validity of applied test criteria and causality assessment methods in assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity with positive reexposure tests. METHODS: We searched the Medline database for suspected cases of Herbalife hepatotoxicity and retrieved 53 cases including eight cases with a positive unintentional reexposure and a high causality level for Herbalife. First, analysis of these eight cases focused on the data quality of the positive reexposure cases, requiring a baseline value of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) < 5 upper limit of normal (N) before reexposure, with Nas the upper limit of normal, and a doubling of the ALT value at reexposure as compared to the ALT value at baseline prior to reexposure. Second, reported methods to assess causality in the eight cases were evaluated, and then the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale validated for hepatotoxicity cases was used for quantitative causality reevaluation. This scale consists of various specific elements with scores provided through the respective case data, and the sum of the scores yields a causality grading for each individual case of initially suspected hepatotoxicity. RESULTS: Details of positive reexposure test conditions and their individual results were scattered in virtually all cases, since reexposures were unintentional and allowed only retrospective rather than prospective assessments. In 1/8 cases, criteria for a positive reexposure were fulfilled, whereas in the remaining cases the reexposure test was classified as negative (n = 1), or the data were considered as uninterpretable due to missing information to comply adequately with the criteria (n = 6). In virtually all assessed cases, liver unspecific causality assessment methods were applied rather than a liver specific method such as the CIOMS scale. Using this scale, causality gradings for Herbalife in these eight cases were probable (n = 1), unlikely (n = 4), and excluded (n = 3). Confounding variables in- cluded low data quality, alternative diagnoses, poor exclusion of important other causes, and comedication by drugs and herbs in 6/8 cases. More specifically, problems were evident in some cases regarding temporal association, daily doses, exact start and end dates of product use, actual data of laboratory parameters such as ALT, and exact dechallenge characteristics. Short-comings included scattered exclusion of hepatitis A-C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infection with only globally presented or lacking parameters. Hepatitis Evirus infection was considered in one single patient and found positive, infections by herpes simplexvirus and varicella zoster virus were excluded in none. CONCLUSION: Only one case fulfilled positive reexposure test criteria in initially assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity, with lower CIOMS based causality gradings for the other cases than hitherto proposed.展开更多
To promote the growth of cutting seeding of poplar(Populus L.),nitrogen(N)fertilizer and surface weed managements were required.We here conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of natural vegetation,barnyardg...To promote the growth of cutting seeding of poplar(Populus L.),nitrogen(N)fertilizer and surface weed managements were required.We here conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of natural vegetation,barnyardgrass(Echinochloa Beauv.),and sesbania(Sesbania cannabina pers.)on the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,soil properties,and ammonia(NH3)volatilization under three N inputs(0,0.5,and 1.5 g/pot,i.e.,N0,N0.5,and N1,respectively).Results showed that N application promoted the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,including plant height,ground diameter,and biomass,compared with N0 treatment.Moreover,under N0,sesbania significantly increased the plant height by 87.1%,barnyardgrass and sesbania significantly increased the ground diameter(16.2%and 51.5%),and biomass(67.4%and 74.7%)of poplar cutting seedlings,compared with natural vegetation management.Compared to natural vegetation,soil organic matter(SOM)of barnyardgrass and sesbania covered soil significantly increased by 12.4%and 18.7%at N1,respectively.In addition,soil total N(TN)content was significantly increased by 15.8%in barnyardgrass planted at N0.The soil ammonium N(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content decreased with the planting of barnyardgrass and sesbania across all levels of N application.At N0.5,the nitrate N(NO_(3)^(−)-N)content of soil planted with barnyardgrass significantly increased compared to both the natural vegetation and the sesbania groups.Compared to the natural vegetation,the soil available phosphorus(AP)content of the barnyardgrass group significantly increasing by 78.8%at N0.5,soil available potassium(AK)content was significantly reduced by 12.5%in the sesbania group at N0 and increased by 24.1%in the barnyardgrass group at N1.We found that cumulative NH3 emissions were significantly higher in all treatment groups at the N1 level than that at the N0.5 level,while the differences among the three plants treated were not significant.The results suggest that both barnyardgrass and sesbania promote seedling growth in the short term,while also increase certain properties.Therefore,effective herb management during the seedling stage is recommended in nurseries to support seedling growth and retain soil fertility.展开更多
BACKGROUND Recent evidence manifests that individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D)are increasingly affected by oral disorders.Although medicinal herbs have shown promise in managing T2D,their benefit in managing periodon...BACKGROUND Recent evidence manifests that individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D)are increasingly affected by oral disorders.Although medicinal herbs have shown promise in managing T2D,their benefit in managing periodontitis risk and subsequent healthcare utilization remains uncertain.AIM To compare risk of periodontitis and associated ambulatory care utilization among individuals with T2D who did or did not receive add-on medicinal herbs.METHODS We included individuals aged 20-70 years with newly diagnosis of T2D and being free of periodontitis in 2000 and 2010.Periodontitis events were tracked from cohort entry until December 31,2013.The association between medicinal herb use and periodontitis risk was assessed by multivariate Cox regression,while differences in periodontitis-related ambulatory care were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.RESULTS After propensity score matching,9728 individuals were included in both the herbal and non-herbal groups.Those who used herbs for more than two years experienced a potently lower risk of periodontitis by 52%.Compared to herb users,the non-users substantially incurred higher frequency and cost of periodontitis-related ambulatory visits post-diagnosis,and the costs per ambulatory visit increased with time after periodontitis onset.CONCLUSION The rollout of this study not only tackled the former research gap but also provided an insight that the combination of medicinal herbs may take into account while planning holistic and individualized oral health care for T2D persons.展开更多
To ensure the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbs,it is of great significance to conduct rapid quality detection of Chinese herbs at every link of their supply chain.Spectroscopic technology can reflect the overall c...To ensure the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbs,it is of great significance to conduct rapid quality detection of Chinese herbs at every link of their supply chain.Spectroscopic technology can reflect the overall chemical composition and structural characteristics of Chinese herbs,with the multi-component and multitarget characteristics of Chinese herbs.This review took the genus Paris as an example,and applications of spectroscopic technology with machine learning(ML)in supply chain of the genus Paris from seeds to medicinal materials were introduced.The specific contents included the confirmation of germplasm resources,identification of growth years,cultivar,geographical origin,and original processing and processing methods.The potential application of spectroscopic technology in genus Paris was pointed out,and the prospects of combining spectroscopic technology with blockchain were proposed.The summary and prospects presented in this paper will be beneficial to the quality control of the genus Paris in all links of its supply chain,so as to rationally use the genus Paris resources and ensure the safety and efficacy of medication.展开更多
Herbaceous plants are an essential component of forest diversity and driver of ecosystem processes.However,because the growth forms and life-history strategies of herbaceous plants differ from those of woody plants,it...Herbaceous plants are an essential component of forest diversity and driver of ecosystem processes.However,because the growth forms and life-history strategies of herbaceous plants differ from those of woody plants,it is unclear whether the mechanisms that drive patterns plant diversity and community structure in these two plant groups are the same.In this study,we determined whether herb and woody plant communities have similar patterns and drivers of alpha-and beta-diversity.We compared species richness,distribution,and abundance of herbs to woody seedlings in a 20-ha Donglingshan warmtemperate forest(Donglingshan FDP),China.We also determined whether variation in patterns of species richness and composition are better explained by environmental or spatial variables.Herbaceous plants accounted for 72%of all species(81 herbaceous,31 woody)recorded.Alpha-and beta-diversity were higher in herbs than in woody seedlings.Although alpha-diversity of herbs and woody seedlings was not correlated across the site,the local-site contributions to beta-diversity for herbs and woody seedlings were negatively correlated.Habitat type explained slightly more variation in herb community composition than in woody seedling composition,with the highest diversity in the low-elevation slope.Environmental variables explained the variation in species richness and composition more in herbaceous plants than in woody seedlings.Our results indicate that different mechanisms drive variation in the herb and woody seedling communities,with herbs exhibiting greater environmental sensitivity and habitat dependence.These findings contribute to the better understanding of herbaceous plant diversity and composition in forest communities.展开更多
That herbs with the"hot"property used to treat"cold"syndromes is a guiding principle of clinical prescription and medication in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However,this theory of TCM is still...That herbs with the"hot"property used to treat"cold"syndromes is a guiding principle of clinical prescription and medication in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However,this theory of TCM is still in the‘black box'stage,and few in-depth studies have examined the biological mechanisms underpinning the hot properties of herbs.展开更多
The diagnosis of herbal hepatotoxicity or herb induced liver injury(HILI) represents a particular clinical and regulatory challenge with major pitfalls for the causality evaluation.At the day HILI is suspected in a pa...The diagnosis of herbal hepatotoxicity or herb induced liver injury(HILI) represents a particular clinical and regulatory challenge with major pitfalls for the causality evaluation.At the day HILI is suspected in a patient,physicians should start assessing the quality of the used herbal product,optimizing the clinical data for completeness,and applying the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale for initial causality assessment.This scale is structured,quantitative,liver specific,and validated for hepatotoxicity cases.Its items provide individual scores,which together yield causality levels of highly probable,probable,possible,unlikely,and excluded.After completion by additional information including raw data,this scale with all items should be reported to regulatory agencies and manufacturers for further evaluation.The CIOMS scale is preferred as tool for assessing causality in hepatotoxicity cases,compared to numerous other causality assessment methods,which are inferior on various grounds.Among these disputed methods are the Maria and Victorino scale,an insufficiently qualified,shortened version of the CIOMS scale,as well as various liver unspecific methods such as thead hoc causality approach,the Naranjo scale,the World Health Organization(WHO) method,and the Karch and Lasagna method.An expert panel is required for the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network method,the WHO method,and other approaches based on expert opinion,which provide retrospective analyses with a long delay and thereby prevent a timely assessment of the illness in question by the physician.In conclusion,HILI causality assessment is challenging and is best achieved by the liver specific CIOMS scale,avoiding pitfalls commonly observed with other approaches.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of Chinese herb additive on milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow.[Method] 36 Holstein cows with similar birth order and milk yield were equally ...[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of Chinese herb additive on milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow.[Method] 36 Holstein cows with similar birth order and milk yield were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups which were control group, Chinese medicine Ⅰ group and Chinese medicine Ⅱ group. In control group, cows were fed with basic feed, while in Chinese medicine Ⅰ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 4% compound Chinese herb additive and in Chinese medicine Ⅱ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 3% compound Chinese herb additive.All cows in the 3 groups were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Adding some compound Chinese herb additive into basic feed would increase milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow,besides,it also could decrease cow diseases such as cow mastitis.Chinese medicine Ⅰ would generate the highest economic benefit of practical production.[Conclusion] Adding Chinese herb additive into basic feed is an effective way for reliefing heat stress and increasing milk yield.展开更多
There are almost 400 species(containing 8 varieties)of pteridophytes on Hainan Island,belonging to 43 families and 114 genera,one third of which are officinal.To understand the distribution of pteridophytes resources ...There are almost 400 species(containing 8 varieties)of pteridophytes on Hainan Island,belonging to 43 families and 114 genera,one third of which are officinal.To understand the distribution of pteridophytes resources of Hainan Island,we conducted this survey mainly by photographing the habitat,plant morphology,sorus and specific traits of some pteridophytes.The results showed that nearly 32 families and 94 species were recorded.These pteridophyte herb resources play important roles in medical treatment of native Li nationality people.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts on Ameromonas hydrophila in vitro. [Method] in vitro anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts like Gall...[Objective] The aim was to study the anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts on Ameromonas hydrophila in vitro. [Method] in vitro anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts like Galla Chinensis,Syzygium aromaticum,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Punica granatum L. and Terminalia chebula Retz on Ameromonas hydrophila were studied; furthermore,cure rates of the Chinese herb extracts with better anti-bacterial effects were determined to find out the optimal drug dosage. [Result] Under the same experimental conditions,Galla Chinensis,Punica granatum and Terminalia chebula Retz had relatively strong anti-bacterial effects on Ameromonas hydrophila,among them the anti-bacterial effect of Galla Chinensis was significantly higher than those of the others （P0.05）. The optimal treatment dose of Galla Chinensis treating bacterial septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila was that they were treated with medicated bath for 40 min by 0.5 mg/ml Galla Chinensis extract,and the cure rate was 100%. [Conclusion] The research provides a scientific drug basis for the control and prevention of outbreak bacterial diseases of fish.展开更多
Ulcerative colitis(UC), an idiopathic inflammatory disorder in the colon, has become a clinical challenge, owing to the increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The conventional treatments for UC including aminosalicy...Ulcerative colitis(UC), an idiopathic inflammatory disorder in the colon, has become a clinical challenge, owing to the increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The conventional treatments for UC including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants, induce remission in only half of patients. Meanwhile, the treatments often come with serious side effects which can be life-threatening. Herbal medicine, one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine modalities, has been introduced for centuries into clinical treatment of many human diseases such as infections and functional disorders. Recently, the potential effectiveness of herbs has been suggested as the treatment of UC, as shown by a variety of clinical trials and experimental studies. The herbs reported in the literature include aloe vera gel, butyrate, tormentil extracts, wheat grass juice, and curcumin. In the review, bioactivity of the herbs and their involvement in UC treatment are discussed.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to distinguish Chinese herb Qingjiao from its botanical origin plants by comparing different DNA sequences,so as to provide a molecular basis for origin identification and quality evalua...[Objective] The research aimed to distinguish Chinese herb Qingjiao from its botanical origin plants by comparing different DNA sequences,so as to provide a molecular basis for origin identification and quality evaluation.[Method] The cpDNA psbA-trnH and nrDNA ITS sequences of five Chinese herb Qingjiao plants,including Gentiana macrophylla pall.,Gentiana straminea Maxim.,Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.,Gentiana dahurica Fisch and Gentiana officinalis H.Smith,were amplified with PCR,and then sequenced by direct PCR sequencing method for homologous analysis.[Results] The length of cpDNA psbA-trnH of five plants was 316-318 bp;there were seven different haplotypes and seven variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 21.2%;the phylogenetic clustering showed the same result as haplotype analysis.The length of nrDNA ITS sequence of five plants was 624-625 bp,there were five different haplotypes and 13 variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 59.3%.The result of phylogenetic clustering suggested that G.dahurica and G.straminea,G.macrophylla and G.officinalis clustered together as sister clades,respectively.[Conclusion] The nucleotide differences of nrDNA ITS regions could be used for distinguishing botanical origin in Chinese herb Qingjiao.展开更多
Causality assessment of suspected drug induced liver injury(DILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) is hampered by the lack of a standardized approach to be used by attending physicians and at various subsequent eva...Causality assessment of suspected drug induced liver injury(DILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) is hampered by the lack of a standardized approach to be used by attending physicians and at various subsequent evaluating levels. The aim of this review was to analyze the suitability of the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale as a standard tool for causality assessment in DILI and HILI cases. PubMed database was searched for the following terms: drug induced liver injury; herb induced liver injury; DILI causality assessment; and HILI causality assessment. The strength of the CIOMS lies in its potential as a standardized scale for DILI and HILI causality assessment. Other advantages include its liver specificity and its validation for hepatotoxicity with excellent sensitivity, specificity and predictive validity, based on cases with a positive reexposure test. This scale allows prospective collection of all relevant data required for a valid causality assessment. It does not require expert knowledge in hepatotoxicity and its results may subsequently be refined. Weaknesses of the CIOMS scale include the limited exclusion of alternative causes and qualitatively graded risk factors. In conclusion, CIOMS appears to be suitable as a standard scale for attending physicians, regulatory agencies, expert panels and other scientists to provide a standardized, reproducible causality assessment in suspected DILI and HILI cases, applicable primarily at all assessing levels involved. 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All展开更多
AIM To analyze liver tests before and following treatment with herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in order to evaluate the frequency of newly detected liver injury.METHODS Patients with normal values of alanine ...AIM To analyze liver tests before and following treatment with herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in order to evaluate the frequency of newly detected liver injury.METHODS Patients with normal values of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) as a diagnostic marker for ruling out pre-existing liver disease were enrolled in a prospective study of a safety program carried out at the First German Hospital of TCM from 1994 to 2015. All patients received herbal products, and their ALT values were reassessed 1-3 d prior to discharge. To verify or exclude causality for suspected TCM herbs, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) was used.RESULTS This report presents for the first time liver injury data derived from a prospective, hospital-based and largescale study of 21470 patients who had no liver disease prior to treatment with herbal TCM. Among these, ALT ranged from 1 × to < 5 × upper limit normal(ULN) in 844 patients(3.93%) and suggested mild or moderate liver adaptive abnormalities. However, 26 patients(0.12%) experienced higher ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN(300.0 ± 172.9 U/L, mean ± SD). Causality for TCM herbs was RUCAM-based probable in 8/26 patients, possible in 16/26, and excluded in 2/26 cases. Bupleuri radix and Scutellariae radix were the two TCM herbs most commonly implicated. CONCLUSION In 26(0.12%) of 21470 patients treated with herbal TCM, liver injury with ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN was found, which normalized shortly following treatment cessation, also substantiating causality.展开更多
At Baiyin dairy farm, the Chinese herbal additive was added into feed which was then fed to dairy cows from August to October, 2014, and the changes in milk production and quality were observed. The test showed that t...At Baiyin dairy farm, the Chinese herbal additive was added into feed which was then fed to dairy cows from August to October, 2014, and the changes in milk production and quality were observed. The test showed that the additive added into the feed had obvious milk-increasing effect, the milk production was im- proved by 12.67%-17.26%, and the milk quality was improved. The additive has the effects of preventing miscarriage, expelling parasite and preventing diseases. The nutritional components in the feed additive were determined, and the results showed that the contents of protein, crude fat, Ca and P in the additive were 12.29%, 2.66%, 1.8% and 0.22%, respectively.展开更多
Herbal medicines play a crucial role in the healthcare system in China and other East Asian countries,and also have been used as alternative medicines in most Western countries[1-3].However,in most cases,the metabolic...Herbal medicines play a crucial role in the healthcare system in China and other East Asian countries,and also have been used as alternative medicines in most Western countries[1-3].However,in most cases,the metabolic fates of herbal constituents and their effects on drug metabolism or endogenous metabolism in the human body have not been well-investigated[4-5].Notably,the concomitant use of herbal medicines may lead to clinically relevant herb-drug interactions or adverse reactions or even metabolic disorders,when some herbs are co-administrated with those drugs with narrow therapeutic indices(e.g.warfarin,digoxin,thyroid hormones and some anticancer agents)[6-8].展开更多
Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psorale...Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psoraleae Fructus-related herbal medicines frequently have been used in combination with a number of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various human diseases, such as leukoderma, rheumatism and dysentery. The use of Psoraleae Fructus in combination with drugs has aroused concern of the potential risks of herb-drug interactions(HDI) or herb-endobiotic interactions(HEI). This article reviews the interactions between human drug-metabolizing enzymes and the constituents of Psoraleae Fructus;the major constituents in Psoraleae Fructus, along with their chemical structures and metabolic pathways are summarized, and the inhibitory and inductive effects of the constituents in Psoraleae Fructus on human drug-metabolizing enzymes(DMEs), including target enzyme(s), its modulatory potency, and mechanisms of action are presented. Collectively, this review summarizes current knowledge of the interactions between the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus and therapeutic drugs in an effort to facilitate its rational use in clinical settings, and especially to avoid the potential risks of HDI or HEI through human DMEs.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82374325 and 82074322)GDAS'ProjectofScience and Technology Development(No.2022GDASZH-2022010110).
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC)is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Huanglian Ganjiang decoction(HGD),derived from ancient book Beiji Qianjin Yao Fang,has demonstrated efficacy in treating UC patients traditionally.Previous research established that the compatibility of cold herb Coptidis Rhizoma+Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex(CP)and hot herb Angelicae Sinensis Radix+Zingiberis Rhizoma(AZ)in HGD synergistically improved colitis mice.This study investigated the compatibility mechanisms through which CP and AZ regulated inflammatory balance in colitis mice.The experimental colitis model was established by administering 3%dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)to mice for 7 days,followed by CP,AZ and CPAZ treatment for an additional 7 days.M1/M2 macrophage polarization levels,glucose metabolites levels and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4(PDK4)expression were analyzed using flow cytometry,Western blot,immunofluorescence and targeted glucose metabolomics.The findings indicated that CP inhibited M1 macrophage polarization,decreased inflammatory metabolites associated with tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle,and suppressed PDK4 expression and pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.AZ enhanced M2 macrophage polarization,increased lactate axis metabolite lactate levels,and upregulated PDK4 expression and PDH(Ser-293)phosphorylation level.TCA cycle blocker AG-221 and adeno-associated virus(AAV)-PDK4 partially negated CP’s inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.Lactate axis antagonist oxamate and PDK4 inhibitor dichloroacetate(DCA)partially reduced AZ’s activation of M2 macrophage polarization.In conclusion,the compatibility of CP and AZ synergistically alleviated colitis in mice through M1/M2 macrophage polarization balance via PDK4-mediated glucose metabolism reprogramming.Specifically,CP reduced M1 macrophage polarization by restoration of TCA cycle via PDK4 inhibition,while AZ increased M2 macrophage polarization through activation of PDK4/lactate axis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074341).
文摘Sjögren’s syndrome(SS)is an autoimmune disease characterized primarily by oral and periocular dryness.Astragalus-Salvia(AS)and Ophiopogon-Dendrobium(OD)represent two frequently utilized herb pairs in SS treatment.While the combination of AS-OD herb pairs demonstrates clinical efficacy in alleviating SS symptoms,its underlying mechanism remains unclear.This investigation sought to assess the therapeutic effects and elucidate the potential mechanisms of AS-OD in non-obese diabetic(NOD)/Ltj mice with SS.The study utilized NOD/Ltj mice as SS models,administering AS-OD treatment for 10 weeks at doses of 113.1,226.2,and 339.3 mg·d−1·20 g−1.Results demonstrated that AS-OD improved SS symptoms,evidenced by enhanced salivary flow rate,decreased anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibody levels,increased swimming duration,and reduced lactate(LA)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in NOD/Ltj mice.AS-OD reduced lymphocyte infiltration,enhanced Aquaporin-5(AQP5)expression in the submandibular gland,decreased inflammatory cytokine levels in the submandibular gland,and reduced the T helper type 17/regulatory T lymphocyte(Th17/Treg)cell ratio in the spleen.Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses indicated AS-OD’s involvement in regulating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)and Janus kinase 3/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(JAK1/STAT3)pathways,with inhibitory effects validated in both NOD/Ltj mice submandibular gland and A-253 cells.Furthermore,AS-OD enhanced cell viability and reduced A-253 cell apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT pathway.In A-253 cells,AS-OD reduced inflammatory cytokine levels,CXC chemokine ligand 9/10(CXCL9/10),and T-cell chemotaxis by inhibiting the JAK1/STAT3 pathway.AS-OD mitigates SS by suppressing inflammation and immune responses through the PI3K/AKT and JAK1/STAT3 pathways.
文摘AIM: To analyze the validity of applied test criteria and causality assessment methods in assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity with positive reexposure tests. METHODS: We searched the Medline database for suspected cases of Herbalife hepatotoxicity and retrieved 53 cases including eight cases with a positive unintentional reexposure and a high causality level for Herbalife. First, analysis of these eight cases focused on the data quality of the positive reexposure cases, requiring a baseline value of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) < 5 upper limit of normal (N) before reexposure, with Nas the upper limit of normal, and a doubling of the ALT value at reexposure as compared to the ALT value at baseline prior to reexposure. Second, reported methods to assess causality in the eight cases were evaluated, and then the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale validated for hepatotoxicity cases was used for quantitative causality reevaluation. This scale consists of various specific elements with scores provided through the respective case data, and the sum of the scores yields a causality grading for each individual case of initially suspected hepatotoxicity. RESULTS: Details of positive reexposure test conditions and their individual results were scattered in virtually all cases, since reexposures were unintentional and allowed only retrospective rather than prospective assessments. In 1/8 cases, criteria for a positive reexposure were fulfilled, whereas in the remaining cases the reexposure test was classified as negative (n = 1), or the data were considered as uninterpretable due to missing information to comply adequately with the criteria (n = 6). In virtually all assessed cases, liver unspecific causality assessment methods were applied rather than a liver specific method such as the CIOMS scale. Using this scale, causality gradings for Herbalife in these eight cases were probable (n = 1), unlikely (n = 4), and excluded (n = 3). Confounding variables in- cluded low data quality, alternative diagnoses, poor exclusion of important other causes, and comedication by drugs and herbs in 6/8 cases. More specifically, problems were evident in some cases regarding temporal association, daily doses, exact start and end dates of product use, actual data of laboratory parameters such as ALT, and exact dechallenge characteristics. Short-comings included scattered exclusion of hepatitis A-C, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infection with only globally presented or lacking parameters. Hepatitis Evirus infection was considered in one single patient and found positive, infections by herpes simplexvirus and varicella zoster virus were excluded in none. CONCLUSION: Only one case fulfilled positive reexposure test criteria in initially assumed Herbalife hepatotoxicity, with lower CIOMS based causality gradings for the other cases than hitherto proposed.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Programof Jiangsu Province,China for“Carbon Dioxide Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”(BE2022307).
文摘To promote the growth of cutting seeding of poplar(Populus L.),nitrogen(N)fertilizer and surface weed managements were required.We here conducted a pot experiment to examine the effects of natural vegetation,barnyardgrass(Echinochloa Beauv.),and sesbania(Sesbania cannabina pers.)on the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,soil properties,and ammonia(NH3)volatilization under three N inputs(0,0.5,and 1.5 g/pot,i.e.,N0,N0.5,and N1,respectively).Results showed that N application promoted the growth of poplar cutting seedlings,including plant height,ground diameter,and biomass,compared with N0 treatment.Moreover,under N0,sesbania significantly increased the plant height by 87.1%,barnyardgrass and sesbania significantly increased the ground diameter(16.2%and 51.5%),and biomass(67.4%and 74.7%)of poplar cutting seedlings,compared with natural vegetation management.Compared to natural vegetation,soil organic matter(SOM)of barnyardgrass and sesbania covered soil significantly increased by 12.4%and 18.7%at N1,respectively.In addition,soil total N(TN)content was significantly increased by 15.8%in barnyardgrass planted at N0.The soil ammonium N(NH_(4)^(+)-N)content decreased with the planting of barnyardgrass and sesbania across all levels of N application.At N0.5,the nitrate N(NO_(3)^(−)-N)content of soil planted with barnyardgrass significantly increased compared to both the natural vegetation and the sesbania groups.Compared to the natural vegetation,the soil available phosphorus(AP)content of the barnyardgrass group significantly increasing by 78.8%at N0.5,soil available potassium(AK)content was significantly reduced by 12.5%in the sesbania group at N0 and increased by 24.1%in the barnyardgrass group at N1.We found that cumulative NH3 emissions were significantly higher in all treatment groups at the N1 level than that at the N0.5 level,while the differences among the three plants treated were not significant.The results suggest that both barnyardgrass and sesbania promote seedling growth in the short term,while also increase certain properties.Therefore,effective herb management during the seedling stage is recommended in nurseries to support seedling growth and retain soil fertility.
文摘BACKGROUND Recent evidence manifests that individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D)are increasingly affected by oral disorders.Although medicinal herbs have shown promise in managing T2D,their benefit in managing periodontitis risk and subsequent healthcare utilization remains uncertain.AIM To compare risk of periodontitis and associated ambulatory care utilization among individuals with T2D who did or did not receive add-on medicinal herbs.METHODS We included individuals aged 20-70 years with newly diagnosis of T2D and being free of periodontitis in 2000 and 2010.Periodontitis events were tracked from cohort entry until December 31,2013.The association between medicinal herb use and periodontitis risk was assessed by multivariate Cox regression,while differences in periodontitis-related ambulatory care were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test.RESULTS After propensity score matching,9728 individuals were included in both the herbal and non-herbal groups.Those who used herbs for more than two years experienced a potently lower risk of periodontitis by 52%.Compared to herb users,the non-users substantially incurred higher frequency and cost of periodontitis-related ambulatory visits post-diagnosis,and the costs per ambulatory visit increased with time after periodontitis onset.CONCLUSION The rollout of this study not only tackled the former research gap but also provided an insight that the combination of medicinal herbs may take into account while planning holistic and individualized oral health care for T2D persons.
基金funded by the Special Program for the Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Grant No.:202202AE090001).
文摘To ensure the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbs,it is of great significance to conduct rapid quality detection of Chinese herbs at every link of their supply chain.Spectroscopic technology can reflect the overall chemical composition and structural characteristics of Chinese herbs,with the multi-component and multitarget characteristics of Chinese herbs.This review took the genus Paris as an example,and applications of spectroscopic technology with machine learning(ML)in supply chain of the genus Paris from seeds to medicinal materials were introduced.The specific contents included the confirmation of germplasm resources,identification of growth years,cultivar,geographical origin,and original processing and processing methods.The potential application of spectroscopic technology in genus Paris was pointed out,and the prospects of combining spectroscopic technology with blockchain were proposed.The summary and prospects presented in this paper will be beneficial to the quality control of the genus Paris in all links of its supply chain,so as to rationally use the genus Paris resources and ensure the safety and efficacy of medication.
基金financially supported by the NSF of China(3227161431870408)+3 种基金Biological Resources Programme,Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change of China(Y7206F1016)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB31030000)National key basic R&D program of China(2017YFA0605100).
文摘Herbaceous plants are an essential component of forest diversity and driver of ecosystem processes.However,because the growth forms and life-history strategies of herbaceous plants differ from those of woody plants,it is unclear whether the mechanisms that drive patterns plant diversity and community structure in these two plant groups are the same.In this study,we determined whether herb and woody plant communities have similar patterns and drivers of alpha-and beta-diversity.We compared species richness,distribution,and abundance of herbs to woody seedlings in a 20-ha Donglingshan warmtemperate forest(Donglingshan FDP),China.We also determined whether variation in patterns of species richness and composition are better explained by environmental or spatial variables.Herbaceous plants accounted for 72%of all species(81 herbaceous,31 woody)recorded.Alpha-and beta-diversity were higher in herbs than in woody seedlings.Although alpha-diversity of herbs and woody seedlings was not correlated across the site,the local-site contributions to beta-diversity for herbs and woody seedlings were negatively correlated.Habitat type explained slightly more variation in herb community composition than in woody seedling composition,with the highest diversity in the low-elevation slope.Environmental variables explained the variation in species richness and composition more in herbaceous plants than in woody seedlings.Our results indicate that different mechanisms drive variation in the herb and woody seedling communities,with herbs exhibiting greater environmental sensitivity and habitat dependence.These findings contribute to the better understanding of herbaceous plant diversity and composition in forest communities.
基金supported by the Chief Scientist of Qi-Huang Project of the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation“One Hundred Million”Talent Project,China(Grant No.:[2021]No.7)the National Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Experts Inheritance Studio Construction Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:[2022]No.75)+3 种基金the Seventh Batch of National Famous Old Traditional Chinese Medicine Experts Experience Heritage Construction Program of National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China(Grant No.:[2022]No.76)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program,China(Grant No.:[2019]No.5)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.:LQN25H280009)the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,China(Grant No.:2023RCZXZK22).
文摘That herbs with the"hot"property used to treat"cold"syndromes is a guiding principle of clinical prescription and medication in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).However,this theory of TCM is still in the‘black box'stage,and few in-depth studies have examined the biological mechanisms underpinning the hot properties of herbs.
文摘The diagnosis of herbal hepatotoxicity or herb induced liver injury(HILI) represents a particular clinical and regulatory challenge with major pitfalls for the causality evaluation.At the day HILI is suspected in a patient,physicians should start assessing the quality of the used herbal product,optimizing the clinical data for completeness,and applying the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale for initial causality assessment.This scale is structured,quantitative,liver specific,and validated for hepatotoxicity cases.Its items provide individual scores,which together yield causality levels of highly probable,probable,possible,unlikely,and excluded.After completion by additional information including raw data,this scale with all items should be reported to regulatory agencies and manufacturers for further evaluation.The CIOMS scale is preferred as tool for assessing causality in hepatotoxicity cases,compared to numerous other causality assessment methods,which are inferior on various grounds.Among these disputed methods are the Maria and Victorino scale,an insufficiently qualified,shortened version of the CIOMS scale,as well as various liver unspecific methods such as thead hoc causality approach,the Naranjo scale,the World Health Organization(WHO) method,and the Karch and Lasagna method.An expert panel is required for the Drug Induced Liver Injury Network method,the WHO method,and other approaches based on expert opinion,which provide retrospective analyses with a long delay and thereby prevent a timely assessment of the illness in question by the physician.In conclusion,HILI causality assessment is challenging and is best achieved by the liver specific CIOMS scale,avoiding pitfalls commonly observed with other approaches.
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to explore the effects of Chinese herb additive on milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow.[Method] 36 Holstein cows with similar birth order and milk yield were equally and randomly divided into 3 groups which were control group, Chinese medicine Ⅰ group and Chinese medicine Ⅱ group. In control group, cows were fed with basic feed, while in Chinese medicine Ⅰ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 4% compound Chinese herb additive and in Chinese medicine Ⅱ group, cows were fed with basic feed containing 3% compound Chinese herb additive.All cows in the 3 groups were analyzed comparatively.[Result] Adding some compound Chinese herb additive into basic feed would increase milk yield and anti-heat stress ability of Holstein cow,besides,it also could decrease cow diseases such as cow mastitis.Chinese medicine Ⅰ would generate the highest economic benefit of practical production.[Conclusion] Adding Chinese herb additive into basic feed is an effective way for reliefing heat stress and increasing milk yield.
基金Supported by the Basic Professional Expenses of Tropical Crops Genetic Resources,CATAS(PZS019)Science and Technological Fund of South China University of Tropical Agriculture(Rnd0516)~~
文摘There are almost 400 species(containing 8 varieties)of pteridophytes on Hainan Island,belonging to 43 families and 114 genera,one third of which are officinal.To understand the distribution of pteridophytes resources of Hainan Island,we conducted this survey mainly by photographing the habitat,plant morphology,sorus and specific traits of some pteridophytes.The results showed that nearly 32 families and 94 species were recorded.These pteridophyte herb resources play important roles in medical treatment of native Li nationality people.
基金Supported by the Research and Demonstration of Export Quality Control Technology of Pengze Crucian Carp (2009GJA10024)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts on Ameromonas hydrophila in vitro. [Method] in vitro anti-bacterial effects of 5 kinds of Chinese herb extracts like Galla Chinensis,Syzygium aromaticum,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Punica granatum L. and Terminalia chebula Retz on Ameromonas hydrophila were studied; furthermore,cure rates of the Chinese herb extracts with better anti-bacterial effects were determined to find out the optimal drug dosage. [Result] Under the same experimental conditions,Galla Chinensis,Punica granatum and Terminalia chebula Retz had relatively strong anti-bacterial effects on Ameromonas hydrophila,among them the anti-bacterial effect of Galla Chinensis was significantly higher than those of the others （P0.05）. The optimal treatment dose of Galla Chinensis treating bacterial septicemia caused by Aeromonas hydrophila was that they were treated with medicated bath for 40 min by 0.5 mg/ml Galla Chinensis extract,and the cure rate was 100%. [Conclusion] The research provides a scientific drug basis for the control and prevention of outbreak bacterial diseases of fish.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81470828,No.81270472 and No.81070310Science and Tech-nology Program of Education Department of Jiangxi Province,No.GJJ13138Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,No.20142BAB205048
文摘Ulcerative colitis(UC), an idiopathic inflammatory disorder in the colon, has become a clinical challenge, owing to the increasing incidence and poor prognosis. The conventional treatments for UC including aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, and immunosuppressants, induce remission in only half of patients. Meanwhile, the treatments often come with serious side effects which can be life-threatening. Herbal medicine, one of the most common traditional Chinese medicine modalities, has been introduced for centuries into clinical treatment of many human diseases such as infections and functional disorders. Recently, the potential effectiveness of herbs has been suggested as the treatment of UC, as shown by a variety of clinical trials and experimental studies. The herbs reported in the literature include aloe vera gel, butyrate, tormentil extracts, wheat grass juice, and curcumin. In the review, bioactivity of the herbs and their involvement in UC treatment are discussed.
基金Supported by Science Foundation for the Excellent Youth and Middle-aged Scholars in Qinghai University(2009-QY-19)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to distinguish Chinese herb Qingjiao from its botanical origin plants by comparing different DNA sequences,so as to provide a molecular basis for origin identification and quality evaluation.[Method] The cpDNA psbA-trnH and nrDNA ITS sequences of five Chinese herb Qingjiao plants,including Gentiana macrophylla pall.,Gentiana straminea Maxim.,Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk.,Gentiana dahurica Fisch and Gentiana officinalis H.Smith,were amplified with PCR,and then sequenced by direct PCR sequencing method for homologous analysis.[Results] The length of cpDNA psbA-trnH of five plants was 316-318 bp;there were seven different haplotypes and seven variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 21.2%;the phylogenetic clustering showed the same result as haplotype analysis.The length of nrDNA ITS sequence of five plants was 624-625 bp,there were five different haplotypes and 13 variable sites;the GC content of the sequence was 59.3%.The result of phylogenetic clustering suggested that G.dahurica and G.straminea,G.macrophylla and G.officinalis clustered together as sister clades,respectively.[Conclusion] The nucleotide differences of nrDNA ITS regions could be used for distinguishing botanical origin in Chinese herb Qingjiao.
文摘Causality assessment of suspected drug induced liver injury(DILI) and herb induced liver injury(HILI) is hampered by the lack of a standardized approach to be used by attending physicians and at various subsequent evaluating levels. The aim of this review was to analyze the suitability of the liver specific Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences(CIOMS) scale as a standard tool for causality assessment in DILI and HILI cases. PubMed database was searched for the following terms: drug induced liver injury; herb induced liver injury; DILI causality assessment; and HILI causality assessment. The strength of the CIOMS lies in its potential as a standardized scale for DILI and HILI causality assessment. Other advantages include its liver specificity and its validation for hepatotoxicity with excellent sensitivity, specificity and predictive validity, based on cases with a positive reexposure test. This scale allows prospective collection of all relevant data required for a valid causality assessment. It does not require expert knowledge in hepatotoxicity and its results may subsequently be refined. Weaknesses of the CIOMS scale include the limited exclusion of alternative causes and qualitatively graded risk factors. In conclusion, CIOMS appears to be suitable as a standard scale for attending physicians, regulatory agencies, expert panels and other scientists to provide a standardized, reproducible causality assessment in suspected DILI and HILI cases, applicable primarily at all assessing levels involved. 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All
文摘AIM To analyze liver tests before and following treatment with herbal Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in order to evaluate the frequency of newly detected liver injury.METHODS Patients with normal values of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) as a diagnostic marker for ruling out pre-existing liver disease were enrolled in a prospective study of a safety program carried out at the First German Hospital of TCM from 1994 to 2015. All patients received herbal products, and their ALT values were reassessed 1-3 d prior to discharge. To verify or exclude causality for suspected TCM herbs, the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method(RUCAM) was used.RESULTS This report presents for the first time liver injury data derived from a prospective, hospital-based and largescale study of 21470 patients who had no liver disease prior to treatment with herbal TCM. Among these, ALT ranged from 1 × to < 5 × upper limit normal(ULN) in 844 patients(3.93%) and suggested mild or moderate liver adaptive abnormalities. However, 26 patients(0.12%) experienced higher ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN(300.0 ± 172.9 U/L, mean ± SD). Causality for TCM herbs was RUCAM-based probable in 8/26 patients, possible in 16/26, and excluded in 2/26 cases. Bupleuri radix and Scutellariae radix were the two TCM herbs most commonly implicated. CONCLUSION In 26(0.12%) of 21470 patients treated with herbal TCM, liver injury with ALT values of ≥ 5 × ULN was found, which normalized shortly following treatment cessation, also substantiating causality.
文摘At Baiyin dairy farm, the Chinese herbal additive was added into feed which was then fed to dairy cows from August to October, 2014, and the changes in milk production and quality were observed. The test showed that the additive added into the feed had obvious milk-increasing effect, the milk production was im- proved by 12.67%-17.26%, and the milk quality was improved. The additive has the effects of preventing miscarriage, expelling parasite and preventing diseases. The nutritional components in the feed additive were determined, and the results showed that the contents of protein, crude fat, Ca and P in the additive were 12.29%, 2.66%, 1.8% and 0.22%, respectively.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1700200)
文摘Herbal medicines play a crucial role in the healthcare system in China and other East Asian countries,and also have been used as alternative medicines in most Western countries[1-3].However,in most cases,the metabolic fates of herbal constituents and their effects on drug metabolism or endogenous metabolism in the human body have not been well-investigated[4-5].Notably,the concomitant use of herbal medicines may lead to clinically relevant herb-drug interactions or adverse reactions or even metabolic disorders,when some herbs are co-administrated with those drugs with narrow therapeutic indices(e.g.warfarin,digoxin,thyroid hormones and some anticancer agents)[6-8].
基金supported by the NSF of China(Nos.81922070,81973286,81773687)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1700200,2017YFC1702000)+3 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.18XD1403600)Shuguang Program(No.18SG40)Program for applied basic research of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2017-ZJ-713)Program for Innovative Leading Talents of Qinghai Province(2018&2019)
文摘Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psoraleae Fructus-related herbal medicines frequently have been used in combination with a number of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various human diseases, such as leukoderma, rheumatism and dysentery. The use of Psoraleae Fructus in combination with drugs has aroused concern of the potential risks of herb-drug interactions(HDI) or herb-endobiotic interactions(HEI). This article reviews the interactions between human drug-metabolizing enzymes and the constituents of Psoraleae Fructus;the major constituents in Psoraleae Fructus, along with their chemical structures and metabolic pathways are summarized, and the inhibitory and inductive effects of the constituents in Psoraleae Fructus on human drug-metabolizing enzymes(DMEs), including target enzyme(s), its modulatory potency, and mechanisms of action are presented. Collectively, this review summarizes current knowledge of the interactions between the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus and therapeutic drugs in an effort to facilitate its rational use in clinical settings, and especially to avoid the potential risks of HDI or HEI through human DMEs.
