Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells ...Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells can modulate the behavior of activated microglia via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling,influencing their activation such that they can promote neurological recovery.However,the mechanism of CXCR4 upregulation in induced neural stem cells remains unclear.In this study,we found that nuclear factor-κB activation induced by closed head injury mouse serum in microglia promoted CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-αexpression but suppressed insulin-like growth factor-1 expression.However,recombinant complement receptor 2-conjugated Crry(CR2-Crry)reduced the effects of closed head injury mouse serum-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in microglia and the levels of activated microglia,CXCL12,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,we observed that,in response to stimulation(including stimulation by CXCL12 secreted by activated microglia),CXCR4 and Crry levels can be upregulated in induced neural stem cells via the interplay among CXCL12/CXCR4,Crry,and Akt signaling to modulate microglial activation.In agreement with these in vitro experimental results,we found that Akt activation enhanced the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cell grafts on microglial activation,leading to the promotion of neurological recovery via insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and the neuroprotective effects of induced neural stem cell grafts through CXCR4 and Crry upregulation in the injured cortices of closed head injury mice.Notably,these beneficial effects of Akt activation in induced neural stem cells were positively correlated with the therapeutic effects of induced neural stem cells on neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders post–closed head injury.In conclusion,our findings reveal that Akt activation may enhance the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cells on microglial activation via upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry,thereby promoting induced neural stem cell–mediated improvement of neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders following closed head injury.展开更多
Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interacti...Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interaction network for these QTGs has not yet been established.In this study,we use 18K-rice lines to identify QTGs and their epistatic interactions affecting rice heading date.We identify 264 pairs of interacting quantitative trait loci(QTL)and construct a comprehensive genetic network of these QTL.On average,the epistatic effects of QTL pairs are estimated to be approximately 12.5%of additive effects of identified QTL.Importantly,epistasis varies among different alleles of several heading date genes.Additionally,57 pairs of interacting QTGs are also significant in their epistatic effects on 12 other agronomic traits.The identified QTL genetic interactions are further validated using near-isogenic lines,yeast two-hybrid,and split-luciferase complementation assays.Overall,this study provides a genetic network of rice heading date genes,which plays a crucial role in regulating rice heading date and influencing multiple related agronomic traits.This network serves as a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of rice quantitative traits and for advancing rice molecular breeding.展开更多
Rice,a critical global staple crop,relies heavily on heading date,a key agronomic trait marking the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth.Understanding the genetic regulation of heading date is vital for e...Rice,a critical global staple crop,relies heavily on heading date,a key agronomic trait marking the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth.Understanding the genetic regulation of heading date is vital for enhancing the adaptability of high-quality rice varieties across diverse geographical regions and for bolstering local food security.In this study,we uncovered a novel role for OsCATA,a catalase gene,in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering in rice.We identified a novel allele of OsELF3.1,whose mutation resulted in delayed heading.Further analyses revealed that OsELF3.1 physically interacted with OsCATA.Notably,OsCATA exhibited rhythmic expression patterns similar to OsELF3.1 and,when mutated,also delayed flowering.Expression analyses showed that the delayed heading phenotype could be attributed to elevated Ghd7 expression under both long-day and short-day conditions,with OsCATA expression positively regulated by OsELF3.1.Double mutants of OsELF3.1 and OsCATA displayed a heading delay similar to that of oself3.1 single mutants.Additionally,OsELF3.1 could interact with Ghd7 in vivo,alleviating its suppression of Ehd1.Luciferase assays confirmed that Ghd7 repressed Ehd1 expression,while OsELF3.1 mitigated this repression.Collectively,our findings reveal that OsCATA is critical in suppressing Ghd7 expression through the OsELF3.1-OsCATA-Ghd7 transcriptional pathway,thereby regulating rice heading.展开更多
Obtaining accurate ship positions and headings in remote sensing images plays a crucial role in various applications.However,current deep learning-based methods primarily focus on ship position detection,while the det...Obtaining accurate ship positions and headings in remote sensing images plays a crucial role in various applications.However,current deep learning-based methods primarily focus on ship position detection,while the detection of ship wakes relies on traditional non-deep learning approaches,which often underperform in complex marine environments.We proposed a novel,simple,and efficient method called Point-Vector Net.The proposed method leverages convolutional neural networks(CNN)for feature extraction and subsequently integrates multi-scale features to generate high-resolution feature maps.In the final stage,ship positions and headings are represented using a combination of points and vectors.Comparative experiments with results from automatic identification system(AIS)reports demonstrate that our method achieved impressive performance in two-class ship target detection,with an average precision of 96.4%,recall rate of 94.3%,and an F 1 score of 95.2%.Notably,the average heading error was 3.3°.The proposed model achieved a practical inference speed(FPS>30),and the average processing time for inferring a large-scale Sentinel-2 remote sensing image was 11.4 s.展开更多
Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD...Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.展开更多
Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(HNCSCC)remains underexplored compared to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,particularly in relation to human papillomavirus(HPV)and molecular markers such as p16 and...Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(HNCSCC)remains underexplored compared to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,particularly in relation to human papillomavirus(HPV)and molecular markers such as p16 and p53.While p16 is a well-established surrogate for HPV in oropharyngeal cancer,our review highlights its unreliable role in HNCSCC,where positivity is instead associated with recurrence and metastasis.Similarly,p53 illustrates a dual role-wild-type as a genomic safeguard,mutated as an oncogenic driver-complicating prognostication.Methodological considerations,including the limitations of immunohistochemistry for HPV detection,underscore the need for multi-method and molecular validation in future studies.Ultraviolet radiation is posited as a key modifier of p16 function,decoupling expression from tumor suppression.To contextualize these findings,we draw parallels to glioblastoma(GBM),where subclonal evolution,p53 dysfunction,and intratumoral heterogeneity drive relapse despite aggressive multimodal therapies.GBM exemplifies how bulk-level biomarker generalizations often obscure dynamic cellular ecosystems,reinforcing the necessity of single-cell and spatial approaches.Multi-omics integration-encompassing genome,transcriptome,proteome,and tumor microenvironment mapping-coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offers a path forward for resolving subclonal dynamics in both HNCSCC and GBM.These technologies provide the resolution needed to track tumor-immunestromal co-evolution,identify therapy-resistant clones,and anticipate recurrence.We argue for a N-of-1,patient-and cell-centric paradigm that reframes biomarkers not as static surrogates but as dynamic readouts of cancer evolution across time and tissue contexts.Conceptually,we propose kinetic and microenvironmental frameworks(e.g.,“load-and-lock”barriers;dormancy and immunesynapse stabilization)as hypothesis-generating avenues to stall clonal handoffs and improve outcome prediction.Together,these perspectives argue for revised biomarker frameworks in HNCSCC and ethically inclusive,mechanism-anchored studies that bridge discovery with individualized care.By bridging insights from HNCSCC with the lessons of GBM,this review underscores the need for ethically inclusive,mechanistically informed frameworks that integrate subclonal evolution,biomarker re-interpretation,and precision-personalized hybrid models.Such an approach will be essential for advancing from one-size-fits-all strategies to individualized lifetime cancer care.展开更多
Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we...Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TacO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAAVAux genes for auxin signaling inpr95abad plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.展开更多
In order to study the problems of unreasonable airflow distribution and serious dust pollution in a heading surface,an experimental platform for forced ventilation and dust removal was built based on the similar princ...In order to study the problems of unreasonable airflow distribution and serious dust pollution in a heading surface,an experimental platform for forced ventilation and dust removal was built based on the similar principles.Through the similar experiment and numerical simulation,the distribution of airflow field in the roadway and the spatial and temporal evolution of dust pollution under the conditions of forced ventilation were determined.The airflow field in the roadway can be divided into three zones:jet zone,vortex zone and reflux zone.The dust concentration gradually decreases from the head to the rear of the roadway.Under the forced ventilation conditions,there is a unilateral accumulation of dust,with higher dust concentrations away from the ducts.The position of the equipment has an interception effect on the dust.The maximum error between the test value and the simulation result is 12.9%,which verifies the accuracy of the experimental results.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the application of dust removal technology in coal mine.展开更多
In order to improve the thermal environment of high-temperature heading face,moisture content of supply air is reduced by dehumidification, and the relative humidity ofenvironment air of the heading face is also decre...In order to improve the thermal environment of high-temperature heading face,moisture content of supply air is reduced by dehumidification, and the relative humidity ofenvironment air of the heading face is also decreased.First, according to the coefficient ofperformance of dehumidifier, the capacity of dehumidification was calculated.Second, inthe engineering example of the heading face, quantitative changes of WBGT (Wet BulbGlobe Temperature) were compared between with dehumidification and without dehumidification.Based on WBGT standards, the thermal comfort of high-temperature environmentof heading face was evaluated between with dehumidification and without handling.Reducingthe relative humidity of airflow through dehumidification, the thermal comfort of ahigh-temperature environment of heading face can improve greatly.Even if dry bulb temperatureof airflow is not decreased, the thermal comfort of heading face environment isalso improved to some extent.展开更多
Panicle size is one of the important factors in shaping yield potential in rice,but it shows plasticity in different environments,which leads to yieldfluctuation.Variations in panicle size among varieties are largely d...Panicle size is one of the important factors in shaping yield potential in rice,but it shows plasticity in different environments,which leads to yieldfluctuation.Variations in panicle size among varieties are largely determined by quantitative trait loci(QTLs).QTL analysis could elaborate on the environmental impact on trait plasticity using nearly isogenic lines(NILs)of different QTLs.Two QTLs,ipa1-2D and qPL6 are identified to have pleio-tropic contributions to panicle size and plant architecture,but their responses to different growth conditions are still unclear.In this study,we developed NILs harboring a single locus or both loci of ipa1-2D and qPL6 and sub-sequently evaluated these QTL effects under different nitrogen treatments or heading periods.Trait comparison showed that panicle length was highly responsive to the high nitrogen treatment independent of qPL6.At the same time,ipa1-2D reduced the response of plant height,panicle number,and grain yield to the treatment.The background of long heading periods decreased the stem diameter for any genotype combinations but enhanced the performance of ipa1-2D for the panicle primary branch number.Moreover,the middle heading background could better balance the pleiotropic effect of the two QTLs and showed the highest yield potential.In-parallel analysis of the QTL contributions under different nitrogen treatments or heading periods confirmed the significant effect of ipa1-2D in increasing stem diameter,panicle primary branch number,and spikelet number per panicle.We proved that the two individual QTLs had a stable effect in increasing the yield potential but com-peted to decrease the panicle secondary branch number,panicle number,and yield potential when they were pyr-amided.This work provides a full view of the plasticity of two QTLs in shaping yield-related traits and lays the foundation for the rational design of rice breeding in the future.展开更多
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulce...The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulcer model was established by oral administration of 30mgkg^(-1) IDM after 7 days of TH-GL or omeprazole(OME)administration in rats.Then the macroscopic gastric injury symptoms,gastric mucosa protective factor cyclooxygenase 1(COX-1),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),the levels of oxidative stress,and inflammatory cytokine expression levels in the rats were analyzed.The experimental results showed that multiple ulcers appeared on the gastric surface of the rats in the model group.Compared to the model group,TH-GL significantly alleviated gastric ulcers and reduced the gastric damage index in rats.In addition,TH-GL significantly promoted the expression of constitutive enzyme COX-1 while inhibited the expression of inducible enzyme COX-2,and make PGE2 maintain at normal levels.TH-GL also inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and glutathione(GSH)content,decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the content of pro-inflammatory factor.In conclusion,these results suggested that TH-GL could maintain the expression levels of COX-1 and PGE2 while inhibit the expression of COX-2 in the gastric of rat and then prevent IDM-induced gastric ulcer,which may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Therefore,TH-GL might be a new option for the prevention of gastric diseases induced by IDM.展开更多
Head and neck cancer(HNC)is a prevalent malignant tumor that is aggressive and frequently resistant to treatment.Immunotherapy,a new approach for treating head and neck tumors,is primarily used in patients with recurr...Head and neck cancer(HNC)is a prevalent malignant tumor that is aggressive and frequently resistant to treatment.Immunotherapy,a new approach for treating head and neck tumors,is primarily used in patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer;however,some patients do not respond well to this treatment or experience significant side effects.Further research is needed to identify better treatment options for head and neck tumors.Dendritic cells(DCs)are pivotal components of the immune system and play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses by presenting antigens to other immune cells.Nonetheless,DCs are frequently suppressed in the tumor immune microenvironment.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)is a form of regulated cell death capable of activating DCs by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),thus potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy against HNC.This review summarizes the evidence for the involvement of DCs in the anti-tumor immune response against HNC and their status within the tumor microenvironment.We also outline how DAMPs in ICD can activate DCs and discuss the prospects of ICD-based DC vaccine therapy,with the aim of providing new insights into immunotherapy of patients with HNC.展开更多
现有的烟火检测方法主要依赖员工现场巡视,效率低且实时性差,因此,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的复杂场景下的高效烟火检测算法YOLOv5s-MRD(YOLOv5s-MPDIoU-RevCol-Dyhead)。首先,采用MPDIoU(Maximized Position-Dependent Intersection over U...现有的烟火检测方法主要依赖员工现场巡视,效率低且实时性差,因此,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的复杂场景下的高效烟火检测算法YOLOv5s-MRD(YOLOv5s-MPDIoU-RevCol-Dyhead)。首先,采用MPDIoU(Maximized Position-Dependent Intersection over Union)方法改进边框损失函数,以适应重叠或非重叠的边界框回归(BBR),从而提高BBR的准确性和效率;其次,利用可逆柱状结构RevCol(Reversible Column)网络模型思想重构YOLOv5s模型的主干网络,使它具有多柱状网络架构,并在模型的不同层之间加入可逆链接,从而最大限度地保持特征信息以提高网络的特征提取能力;最后,引入Dynamic head检测头,以统一尺度感知、空间感知和任务感知,从而在不额外增加计算开销的条件下显著提高目标检测头的准确性和有效性。实验结果表明:在DFS(Data of Fire and Smoke)数据集上,与原始YOLOv5s算法相比,所提算法的平均精度均值(mAP@0.5)提升了9.3%,预测准确率提升了6.6%,召回率提升了13.8%。可见,所提算法能满足当前烟火检测应用场景的要求。展开更多
QTLs for heading date of rice （Oryza sativa L.） with additive, epistatic, and QTL × environment （QE） interaction effects were studied using a mixed-model-based composite interval mapping （MCIM） method and a...QTLs for heading date of rice （Oryza sativa L.） with additive, epistatic, and QTL × environment （QE） interaction effects were studied using a mixed-model-based composite interval mapping （MCIM） method and a double haploid （DH） population derived from IR64/Azucena in two crop seasons. Fourteen QTLs conferring heading date in rice, which were distributed on ten chromosomes except for chromosomes 5 and 9, were detected. Among these QTLs, eight had single-locus effects, five pairs had double-locus interaction effects, and two single-loci and one pair of double-loci showed QTL × environment interaction effects. All predicted values of QTL effects varied from 1.179 days to 2.549 days, with corresponding contribution ratios of 1.04%-4.84%. On the basis of the effects of the QTLs, the total genetic effects on rice heading date for the two parents and the two superior lines were predicted, and the putative reasons for discrepancies between predicted values and observed values, and the genetic potentiality in the DH population for improvement of heading date were discussed. These results are in agreement with previous results for heading date in rice, and the results provide further information, which indicate that both epistasis and QE interaction are important genetic basis for determining heading date in rice.展开更多
[Objective]The study aimed to map QTLs（Quantitative trait loci）of heading stage for phtopeiod-thermo sensitive male sterile line BS366 in wheat.[Method] A population of 234 doubled haploid derived from the cross bet...[Objective]The study aimed to map QTLs（Quantitative trait loci）of heading stage for phtopeiod-thermo sensitive male sterile line BS366 in wheat.[Method] A population of 234 doubled haploid derived from the cross between BS366 and Baiyu149 was planted in Beijing and Funan in 2007,respectively.We used composite interval mapping（CIM）method to analyse the QTLs for heading stage.[Result]We detected 15 QTLs for heading stage.8 QTLs were detected in both Beijing and Funan,which were located on 1B,2A,2D,3B（2 loci）,6B（2 loci）and 7B.A single QTL accounted for 2.42%-10.98% of pheotypic varience.[Conclusion] Eight QTLs which were detected under two environments could be applied for marker-assisted breeding and improvement of BS366.The QTL on chromosome 1B was new for heading stage,which enriches the QTL resource.展开更多
Sterility changeover induced by low temperature in male sterility line CMS7311 of heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. penkinsis) was investigated under constant temperature, day/night alternating tem...Sterility changeover induced by low temperature in male sterility line CMS7311 of heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. penkinsis) was investigated under constant temperature, day/night alternating temperature in light-growth-incubator and outdoor natural day/night alternating temperature respectively. It showed that the sterility of CMS7311 has significant change with temperature. The constant temperature of 6 - 12 degreesC was suitable to induce the changeover of sterility (CGS) of CMS7311 ; the shortest treatment time for CGS induction at this temperature was 3 d. The significant value of sterility changeover of CMS7311 occurred at the constant temperature of 6 - 9 degreesC after treatment for 6 - 9 d. The intensity of CGS was stronger under constant temperature than under alternate temperature, but the shortest treatment time inducing CGS has no difference between them. When treated for 9 d under the day/night alternating temperature of 11/7 degreesC, its sterility could also turn to normal fertility (near to sterile grade I or zero). In normal condition, the interval from the end of temperature treatment to the beginning of CGS induction was 10 - 16 d. In the condition of natural day/night alternating temperature, the lower limit of temperature for effective CGS induction was at the daily mean temperature ( DMT) of 3. 5 - 6. 8 degreesC, and the shortest treatment time which could induce the sterility changeover was also longer than that under constant temperature, being 11d at DMT of 1.5 - 3.1 degreesC. In addition, for the apical dominance, the flower bud on the first lateral branch showed the CGS 8 - 10 d later than the flower bud on the main stem under the same temperature with the same days of treatment. The intensity of CGS of CMS7311 on the first lateral branch was also weaker than the flower bud on the main stem.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82271397(to MG),82001293(to MG),82171355(to RX),81971295(to RX),and 81671189(to RX)。
文摘Microglial activation that occurs rapidly after closed head injury may play important and complex roles in neuroinflammation-associated neuronal damage and repair.We previously reported that induced neural stem cells can modulate the behavior of activated microglia via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling,influencing their activation such that they can promote neurological recovery.However,the mechanism of CXCR4 upregulation in induced neural stem cells remains unclear.In this study,we found that nuclear factor-κB activation induced by closed head injury mouse serum in microglia promoted CXCL12 and tumor necrosis factor-αexpression but suppressed insulin-like growth factor-1 expression.However,recombinant complement receptor 2-conjugated Crry(CR2-Crry)reduced the effects of closed head injury mouse serum-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in microglia and the levels of activated microglia,CXCL12,and tumor necrosis factor-α.Additionally,we observed that,in response to stimulation(including stimulation by CXCL12 secreted by activated microglia),CXCR4 and Crry levels can be upregulated in induced neural stem cells via the interplay among CXCL12/CXCR4,Crry,and Akt signaling to modulate microglial activation.In agreement with these in vitro experimental results,we found that Akt activation enhanced the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cell grafts on microglial activation,leading to the promotion of neurological recovery via insulin-like growth factor-1 secretion and the neuroprotective effects of induced neural stem cell grafts through CXCR4 and Crry upregulation in the injured cortices of closed head injury mice.Notably,these beneficial effects of Akt activation in induced neural stem cells were positively correlated with the therapeutic effects of induced neural stem cells on neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders post–closed head injury.In conclusion,our findings reveal that Akt activation may enhance the immunoregulatory effects of induced neural stem cells on microglial activation via upregulation of CXCR4 and Crry,thereby promoting induced neural stem cell–mediated improvement of neuronal injury,cerebral edema,and neurological disorders following closed head injury.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32222064 and 32341030)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(22ZR1445800)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ24C130008).
文摘Several quantitative trait genes(QTGs)related to rice heading date,a key factor for crop development and yield,have been identified,along with complex interactions among genes.However,a comprehensive genetic interaction network for these QTGs has not yet been established.In this study,we use 18K-rice lines to identify QTGs and their epistatic interactions affecting rice heading date.We identify 264 pairs of interacting quantitative trait loci(QTL)and construct a comprehensive genetic network of these QTL.On average,the epistatic effects of QTL pairs are estimated to be approximately 12.5%of additive effects of identified QTL.Importantly,epistasis varies among different alleles of several heading date genes.Additionally,57 pairs of interacting QTGs are also significant in their epistatic effects on 12 other agronomic traits.The identified QTL genetic interactions are further validated using near-isogenic lines,yeast two-hybrid,and split-luciferase complementation assays.Overall,this study provides a genetic network of rice heading date genes,which plays a crucial role in regulating rice heading date and influencing multiple related agronomic traits.This network serves as a foundation for understanding the genetic mechanisms of rice quantitative traits and for advancing rice molecular breeding.
基金funded by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Projects,China(Grant No.2023ZD04066)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ24C130006,LTGN24C130007)+5 种基金the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding,China(Grant No.20240107)the Xi’nan League Science and Technology Project,China(Grant No.2023DXZD0001)the Joint Research and Development Program on Rice Breeding in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.YZ2023004)the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-01)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(Grant No.CPSIBRF-CNRRI-202301)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(ASTIP).
文摘Rice,a critical global staple crop,relies heavily on heading date,a key agronomic trait marking the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth.Understanding the genetic regulation of heading date is vital for enhancing the adaptability of high-quality rice varieties across diverse geographical regions and for bolstering local food security.In this study,we uncovered a novel role for OsCATA,a catalase gene,in the regulation of photoperiodic flowering in rice.We identified a novel allele of OsELF3.1,whose mutation resulted in delayed heading.Further analyses revealed that OsELF3.1 physically interacted with OsCATA.Notably,OsCATA exhibited rhythmic expression patterns similar to OsELF3.1 and,when mutated,also delayed flowering.Expression analyses showed that the delayed heading phenotype could be attributed to elevated Ghd7 expression under both long-day and short-day conditions,with OsCATA expression positively regulated by OsELF3.1.Double mutants of OsELF3.1 and OsCATA displayed a heading delay similar to that of oself3.1 single mutants.Additionally,OsELF3.1 could interact with Ghd7 in vivo,alleviating its suppression of Ehd1.Luciferase assays confirmed that Ghd7 repressed Ehd1 expression,while OsELF3.1 mitigated this repression.Collectively,our findings reveal that OsCATA is critical in suppressing Ghd7 expression through the OsELF3.1-OsCATA-Ghd7 transcriptional pathway,thereby regulating rice heading.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3902400)the China High Resolution Earth Observation System Program(No.41-Y30F07-9001-20/22)。
文摘Obtaining accurate ship positions and headings in remote sensing images plays a crucial role in various applications.However,current deep learning-based methods primarily focus on ship position detection,while the detection of ship wakes relies on traditional non-deep learning approaches,which often underperform in complex marine environments.We proposed a novel,simple,and efficient method called Point-Vector Net.The proposed method leverages convolutional neural networks(CNN)for feature extraction and subsequently integrates multi-scale features to generate high-resolution feature maps.In the final stage,ship positions and headings are represented using a combination of points and vectors.Comparative experiments with results from automatic identification system(AIS)reports demonstrate that our method achieved impressive performance in two-class ship target detection,with an average precision of 96.4%,recall rate of 94.3%,and an F 1 score of 95.2%.Notably,the average heading error was 3.3°.The proposed model achieved a practical inference speed(FPS>30),and the average processing time for inferring a large-scale Sentinel-2 remote sensing image was 11.4 s.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.LZ24C130004 and LQ24C130008)。
文摘Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits that directly affect rice yield and determines the regional adaptability in specific growing environments.As a short-day plant,rice can grow under long-day(LD)conditions due to the synergistic regulation of many photosensitive genes.Using a set of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)with the indica cultivar Huanghuazhan(HHZ)as the recipient parent and Basmati Surkh 89-15(BAS)as the donor parent,we identified a QTL locus.
文摘Head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma(HNCSCC)remains underexplored compared to oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma,particularly in relation to human papillomavirus(HPV)and molecular markers such as p16 and p53.While p16 is a well-established surrogate for HPV in oropharyngeal cancer,our review highlights its unreliable role in HNCSCC,where positivity is instead associated with recurrence and metastasis.Similarly,p53 illustrates a dual role-wild-type as a genomic safeguard,mutated as an oncogenic driver-complicating prognostication.Methodological considerations,including the limitations of immunohistochemistry for HPV detection,underscore the need for multi-method and molecular validation in future studies.Ultraviolet radiation is posited as a key modifier of p16 function,decoupling expression from tumor suppression.To contextualize these findings,we draw parallels to glioblastoma(GBM),where subclonal evolution,p53 dysfunction,and intratumoral heterogeneity drive relapse despite aggressive multimodal therapies.GBM exemplifies how bulk-level biomarker generalizations often obscure dynamic cellular ecosystems,reinforcing the necessity of single-cell and spatial approaches.Multi-omics integration-encompassing genome,transcriptome,proteome,and tumor microenvironment mapping-coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offers a path forward for resolving subclonal dynamics in both HNCSCC and GBM.These technologies provide the resolution needed to track tumor-immunestromal co-evolution,identify therapy-resistant clones,and anticipate recurrence.We argue for a N-of-1,patient-and cell-centric paradigm that reframes biomarkers not as static surrogates but as dynamic readouts of cancer evolution across time and tissue contexts.Conceptually,we propose kinetic and microenvironmental frameworks(e.g.,“load-and-lock”barriers;dormancy and immunesynapse stabilization)as hypothesis-generating avenues to stall clonal handoffs and improve outcome prediction.Together,these perspectives argue for revised biomarker frameworks in HNCSCC and ethically inclusive,mechanism-anchored studies that bridge discovery with individualized care.By bridging insights from HNCSCC with the lessons of GBM,this review underscores the need for ethically inclusive,mechanistically informed frameworks that integrate subclonal evolution,biomarker re-interpretation,and precision-personalized hybrid models.Such an approach will be essential for advancing from one-size-fits-all strategies to individualized lifetime cancer care.
基金We are grateful for the funding from STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0406802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072066,32172050,3220151460)+2 种基金Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab(B21HJ0215)CAAS Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202002,CAAS-ZDRW202201)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2021205013).
文摘Plant height and heading date are important agronomic traits in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)that affect final grain yield.In wheat,knowledge of pseudo-response regulator(PRR)genes on agronomic traits is limited.Here,we identify a wheat TaPRR95 gene by genome-wide association studies to be associated with plant height.Triple allele mutant plants produced by CRISPR/Cas9 show increased plant height,particularly the peduncle,with an earlier heading date.The longer peduncle is mainly caused by the increased cell elon-gation at its upper section,whilst the early heading date is accompanied by elevated expression of flow-ering genes,such as TaFT and TacO1.A peduncle-specific transcriptome analysis reveals up-regulated photosynthesis genes and down-regulated IAAVAux genes for auxin signaling inpr95abad plants that may act as a regulatory mechanism to promote robust plant growth.A haplotype analysis identifies a TaPRR95-B haplotype(Hap2)to be closely associated with reduced plant height and increased thousand-grain weight.Moreover,the Hap2 frequency is higher in cultivars than that in landraces,suggesting the artifi-cial selection on the allele during wheat breeding.These findings suggest that TaPRR95 is a regulator for plant height and heading date,thereby providing an important target for wheat yield improvement.
基金National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2503200,2022YFC2503201)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52074012,52204191)+5 种基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085J19)University Distinguished Youth Foundation of Anhui Province(2022AH020057)Anhui Province University Discipline(Major)Top Talent Academic Support Project(gxbjZD2022017)Funding for academic research activities of reserve candidates for academic and technological leaders in Anhui Province(2022H301)Independent Research fund of Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control&Occupational Health and Safety,Ministry of Education(Anhui University of Science and Technology)(EK20211004)Graduate Innovation Fund of Anhui University of Science and Technology(2023CX1003).
文摘In order to study the problems of unreasonable airflow distribution and serious dust pollution in a heading surface,an experimental platform for forced ventilation and dust removal was built based on the similar principles.Through the similar experiment and numerical simulation,the distribution of airflow field in the roadway and the spatial and temporal evolution of dust pollution under the conditions of forced ventilation were determined.The airflow field in the roadway can be divided into three zones:jet zone,vortex zone and reflux zone.The dust concentration gradually decreases from the head to the rear of the roadway.Under the forced ventilation conditions,there is a unilateral accumulation of dust,with higher dust concentrations away from the ducts.The position of the equipment has an interception effect on the dust.The maximum error between the test value and the simulation result is 12.9%,which verifies the accuracy of the experimental results.The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the application of dust removal technology in coal mine.
基金Supported by Hunan Province Science and Technology(2007FJ1012)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(09CY014)Doctoral Fund of HNUST
文摘In order to improve the thermal environment of high-temperature heading face,moisture content of supply air is reduced by dehumidification, and the relative humidity ofenvironment air of the heading face is also decreased.First, according to the coefficient ofperformance of dehumidifier, the capacity of dehumidification was calculated.Second, inthe engineering example of the heading face, quantitative changes of WBGT (Wet BulbGlobe Temperature) were compared between with dehumidification and without dehumidification.Based on WBGT standards, the thermal comfort of high-temperature environmentof heading face was evaluated between with dehumidification and without handling.Reducingthe relative humidity of airflow through dehumidification, the thermal comfort of ahigh-temperature environment of heading face can improve greatly.Even if dry bulb temperatureof airflow is not decreased, the thermal comfort of heading face environment isalso improved to some extent.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072037)the grant“Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Yangzhou University SJCX22_1786)”+1 种基金the grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(DL2022014009L)the grants from Jiangsu Province Government(BZ2021017 and 20KJA210002).
文摘Panicle size is one of the important factors in shaping yield potential in rice,but it shows plasticity in different environments,which leads to yieldfluctuation.Variations in panicle size among varieties are largely determined by quantitative trait loci(QTLs).QTL analysis could elaborate on the environmental impact on trait plasticity using nearly isogenic lines(NILs)of different QTLs.Two QTLs,ipa1-2D and qPL6 are identified to have pleio-tropic contributions to panicle size and plant architecture,but their responses to different growth conditions are still unclear.In this study,we developed NILs harboring a single locus or both loci of ipa1-2D and qPL6 and sub-sequently evaluated these QTL effects under different nitrogen treatments or heading periods.Trait comparison showed that panicle length was highly responsive to the high nitrogen treatment independent of qPL6.At the same time,ipa1-2D reduced the response of plant height,panicle number,and grain yield to the treatment.The background of long heading periods decreased the stem diameter for any genotype combinations but enhanced the performance of ipa1-2D for the panicle primary branch number.Moreover,the middle heading background could better balance the pleiotropic effect of the two QTLs and showed the highest yield potential.In-parallel analysis of the QTL contributions under different nitrogen treatments or heading periods confirmed the significant effect of ipa1-2D in increasing stem diameter,panicle primary branch number,and spikelet number per panicle.We proved that the two individual QTLs had a stable effect in increasing the yield potential but com-peted to decrease the panicle secondary branch number,panicle number,and yield potential when they were pyr-amided.This work provides a full view of the plasticity of two QTLs in shaping yield-related traits and lays the foundation for the rational design of rice breeding in the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-grams of China(No.2018YFD0901103)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019 RC093).
文摘The aim of this experiment was to investigate the ameliorative effect and molecular mechanism of tilapia head glycolipid(TH-GL)on indomethacin(IDM)-induced gastric ulcer in male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats.The gastric ulcer model was established by oral administration of 30mgkg^(-1) IDM after 7 days of TH-GL or omeprazole(OME)administration in rats.Then the macroscopic gastric injury symptoms,gastric mucosa protective factor cyclooxygenase 1(COX-1),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),prostaglandin E_(2)(PGE_(2)),the levels of oxidative stress,and inflammatory cytokine expression levels in the rats were analyzed.The experimental results showed that multiple ulcers appeared on the gastric surface of the rats in the model group.Compared to the model group,TH-GL significantly alleviated gastric ulcers and reduced the gastric damage index in rats.In addition,TH-GL significantly promoted the expression of constitutive enzyme COX-1 while inhibited the expression of inducible enzyme COX-2,and make PGE2 maintain at normal levels.TH-GL also inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory responses,increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and glutathione(GSH)content,decreased the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the content of pro-inflammatory factor.In conclusion,these results suggested that TH-GL could maintain the expression levels of COX-1 and PGE2 while inhibit the expression of COX-2 in the gastric of rat and then prevent IDM-induced gastric ulcer,which may be related to the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Therefore,TH-GL might be a new option for the prevention of gastric diseases induced by IDM.
基金supported by the Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2022SNZY001)the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission(Appropriate Technology Base)(2022JDXM021)the Science and Technology Research Project of Sichuan Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2024MS643).
文摘Head and neck cancer(HNC)is a prevalent malignant tumor that is aggressive and frequently resistant to treatment.Immunotherapy,a new approach for treating head and neck tumors,is primarily used in patients with recurrent or metastatic cancer;however,some patients do not respond well to this treatment or experience significant side effects.Further research is needed to identify better treatment options for head and neck tumors.Dendritic cells(DCs)are pivotal components of the immune system and play a crucial role in initiating and regulating immune responses by presenting antigens to other immune cells.Nonetheless,DCs are frequently suppressed in the tumor immune microenvironment.Immunogenic cell death(ICD)is a form of regulated cell death capable of activating DCs by releasing damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),thus potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy against HNC.This review summarizes the evidence for the involvement of DCs in the anti-tumor immune response against HNC and their status within the tumor microenvironment.We also outline how DAMPs in ICD can activate DCs and discuss the prospects of ICD-based DC vaccine therapy,with the aim of providing new insights into immunotherapy of patients with HNC.
文摘现有的烟火检测方法主要依赖员工现场巡视,效率低且实时性差,因此,提出一种基于YOLOv5s的复杂场景下的高效烟火检测算法YOLOv5s-MRD(YOLOv5s-MPDIoU-RevCol-Dyhead)。首先,采用MPDIoU(Maximized Position-Dependent Intersection over Union)方法改进边框损失函数,以适应重叠或非重叠的边界框回归(BBR),从而提高BBR的准确性和效率;其次,利用可逆柱状结构RevCol(Reversible Column)网络模型思想重构YOLOv5s模型的主干网络,使它具有多柱状网络架构,并在模型的不同层之间加入可逆链接,从而最大限度地保持特征信息以提高网络的特征提取能力;最后,引入Dynamic head检测头,以统一尺度感知、空间感知和任务感知,从而在不额外增加计算开销的条件下显著提高目标检测头的准确性和有效性。实验结果表明:在DFS(Data of Fire and Smoke)数据集上,与原始YOLOv5s算法相比,所提算法的平均精度均值(mAP@0.5)提升了9.3%,预测准确率提升了6.6%,召回率提升了13.8%。可见,所提算法能满足当前烟火检测应用场景的要求。
文摘QTLs for heading date of rice （Oryza sativa L.） with additive, epistatic, and QTL × environment （QE） interaction effects were studied using a mixed-model-based composite interval mapping （MCIM） method and a double haploid （DH） population derived from IR64/Azucena in two crop seasons. Fourteen QTLs conferring heading date in rice, which were distributed on ten chromosomes except for chromosomes 5 and 9, were detected. Among these QTLs, eight had single-locus effects, five pairs had double-locus interaction effects, and two single-loci and one pair of double-loci showed QTL × environment interaction effects. All predicted values of QTL effects varied from 1.179 days to 2.549 days, with corresponding contribution ratios of 1.04%-4.84%. On the basis of the effects of the QTLs, the total genetic effects on rice heading date for the two parents and the two superior lines were predicted, and the putative reasons for discrepancies between predicted values and observed values, and the genetic potentiality in the DH population for improvement of heading date were discussed. These results are in agreement with previous results for heading date in rice, and the results provide further information, which indicate that both epistasis and QE interaction are important genetic basis for determining heading date in rice.
基金Supported by the Program of Beijing Basic Research and Innovation Platform for Agricultural Breeding Ⅱ(No.D080705006900801)National"863"Program(No.2009AA101102,2006AA100102)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.5091001)~~
文摘[Objective]The study aimed to map QTLs（Quantitative trait loci）of heading stage for phtopeiod-thermo sensitive male sterile line BS366 in wheat.[Method] A population of 234 doubled haploid derived from the cross between BS366 and Baiyu149 was planted in Beijing and Funan in 2007,respectively.We used composite interval mapping（CIM）method to analyse the QTLs for heading stage.[Result]We detected 15 QTLs for heading stage.8 QTLs were detected in both Beijing and Funan,which were located on 1B,2A,2D,3B（2 loci）,6B（2 loci）and 7B.A single QTL accounted for 2.42%-10.98% of pheotypic varience.[Conclusion] Eight QTLs which were detected under two environments could be applied for marker-assisted breeding and improvement of BS366.The QTL on chromosome 1B was new for heading stage,which enriches the QTL resource.
文摘Sterility changeover induced by low temperature in male sterility line CMS7311 of heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. penkinsis) was investigated under constant temperature, day/night alternating temperature in light-growth-incubator and outdoor natural day/night alternating temperature respectively. It showed that the sterility of CMS7311 has significant change with temperature. The constant temperature of 6 - 12 degreesC was suitable to induce the changeover of sterility (CGS) of CMS7311 ; the shortest treatment time for CGS induction at this temperature was 3 d. The significant value of sterility changeover of CMS7311 occurred at the constant temperature of 6 - 9 degreesC after treatment for 6 - 9 d. The intensity of CGS was stronger under constant temperature than under alternate temperature, but the shortest treatment time inducing CGS has no difference between them. When treated for 9 d under the day/night alternating temperature of 11/7 degreesC, its sterility could also turn to normal fertility (near to sterile grade I or zero). In normal condition, the interval from the end of temperature treatment to the beginning of CGS induction was 10 - 16 d. In the condition of natural day/night alternating temperature, the lower limit of temperature for effective CGS induction was at the daily mean temperature ( DMT) of 3. 5 - 6. 8 degreesC, and the shortest treatment time which could induce the sterility changeover was also longer than that under constant temperature, being 11d at DMT of 1.5 - 3.1 degreesC. In addition, for the apical dominance, the flower bud on the first lateral branch showed the CGS 8 - 10 d later than the flower bud on the main stem under the same temperature with the same days of treatment. The intensity of CGS of CMS7311 on the first lateral branch was also weaker than the flower bud on the main stem.
