The so-called occupational disease, in fact, refers to enterprises and institutions or individual workers, because in the daily process of employment, contact with radioactive substances or dust and other toxic and ha...The so-called occupational disease, in fact, refers to enterprises and institutions or individual workers, because in the daily process of employment, contact with radioactive substances or dust and other toxic and harmful substances, which will cause a certain degree of threat to their own health, forming a certain harm. Therefore, the disease type of occupational disease will often bring serious physical and mental trauma to the workers, and even cause great harm and impact on their families. To this end, this needs the relevant departments to cause enough attention. The detection and evaluation of occupational diseases is an important way to effectively avoid occupational diseases. For this reason, this paper mainly starts with the routine detection and evaluation of occupational-disease-inductive factors, and from the perspective of a new health investigation. In addition, by combining the 130 researcher cases selected from January 2019 to January 2021, the comprehensive field investigation in the detection and evaluation of occupational-disease-inductive factors is a more comprehensive and objective analysis.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this paper was to analyze the risks in the typhoon hazard factors in Hainan Island. [Method] Taking the theory and method of natural disasters evaluation as starting point and supporting point, ...[Objective] The aim of this paper was to analyze the risks in the typhoon hazard factors in Hainan Island. [Method] Taking the theory and method of natural disasters evaluation as starting point and supporting point, and selecting Hainan province as the research target, where the typhoon disaster occurred relatively serious, based on the typhoon data during 1958-2008, with happening frequency of typhoon hazard-formative factors, maximum rainfall, potentially devastating effects of typhoon winds as evaluation indexes, the typhoon disaster risk evaluation index system and evaluation model were established. And by dint of GIS technique, Hainan island typhoon disaster risk zoning of hazard-formative factors and grading were prepared. [Result] Typhoon occurred frequently in Hainan and there were no certain rules of its annual changes. The monthly changes mainly happed during July to October. The highly dangerous area of typhoon mainly distributed in east coast area. The annual daily precipitation decreased from central mountainous area to the surroundings; typhoon hided in the destructive highly risked area in east, south and west area; low disastrous area occurred in the middle area; the risks of disastrous factors weakened from east area to west area. The distribution area of each level was that low dangerous area>mild dangerous area>highly dangerous area>secondary low dangerous area>highly dangerous area. [Conclusion] The study supplied scientific reference for the government in the united organization and direction of disaster relief work.展开更多
The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide ...The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide mass range,high resolution and mass measurement accuracy,high sensitivity and high analysis speed.In this paper,research progresses of TOF-MS on the detection of food additives,food contaminants and residues,illegal additives,pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues and mycotoxin were reviewed,and its probable approaching applications were prospected.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data poi...Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data points from workplaces collected by the Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate occupational hazard factors and occupational health risk levels.Results:Over the three-year period,there were 525 monitoring samples for dust exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.71%(9/525);791 monitoring samples for noise exposure,with an exceedance rate of 4.42%(35/791);and 417 monitoring samples for chemical toxins(exogenous)exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.68%(7/417).A comprehensive evaluation of exceedance factors revealed that high-risk factors included silica dust and benzene,classified as Level 4,while medium-risk factors encompassed manganese and xylene,including their compounds,classified as Level 3.Conclusion:After long-term monitoring of multiple workplaces in the city,it was found that there were certain occupational hazard factors,specifically involving dust or noise,as well as related factors of chemical toxins.Among these,silica dust and benzene posed the highest risks,while manganese and xylene also carried relatively high risks.It is necessary to strengthen occupational disease prevention and management to reduce the occurrence risks.展开更多
Tibet is one of the areas with most serious geological hazards in China, and the distribution of disasters has obvious local charac teristics. Tibet can be classified as three parts through zoning the danger degree, t...Tibet is one of the areas with most serious geological hazards in China, and the distribution of disasters has obvious local charac teristics. Tibet can be classified as three parts through zoning the danger degree, the mountain canyon high danger zone of east and southeast Tibet, the plateau mountain lake basin and valley middle danger zone of south Tibet, and the Plateau Mountain lake basin low danger zone of south Tibet. This paper takes the debris flow, collapse, landslide as the key points to analyze the distribution characteristics of geological hazards, and analyze the factors which influence the distribution of geological hazards, such as terrain landform, formation lithology, geologic structure pattern, precipitation, earthquake, human activity and so on. finally, as a conclusion., in whole Tibet, the geological hazards are more in southeast than in northwest, more in mountainous area which in the edge of plateau and river valley than in the interior of plateau and lake basin. And most hazards distribute in the regions where human activity is stronger than in other regions, for example towns or strips along the highway.展开更多
In this paper, the status quo of safety production on construction sites and the hazardous and harmful factors in the construction process were analyzed, and corresponding suggestions were proposed to make up for the ...In this paper, the status quo of safety production on construction sites and the hazardous and harmful factors in the construction process were analyzed, and corresponding suggestions were proposed to make up for the shortcomings of the safety production assurance system standards on construction sites.展开更多
Hydraulic fracturing is one of the efficient means for the abundant low-permeability CBM （coal-bed methane） reserves in China, however, due to the unique features of coal seams （i.e., low temperature, strong adsorp...Hydraulic fracturing is one of the efficient means for the abundant low-permeability CBM （coal-bed methane） reserves in China, however, due to the unique features of coal seams （i.e., low temperature, strong adsorption and abnormal development of natural fracture systems） as compared with the conventional reservoirs, the fractures propagate is difficult and the risk of damage to coal seam itself and the hydraulic fractures would be extremely high in the course of fracturing. As a result, losses would be suffered on the post-frac production of CBM wells.With the mean of numerical simulation, in this paper, the main factors have impact on the post-frac results as well as the extent to which the impact is brought were researched, and the technical solutions for the improvement of the fracturing performance was put forwards.展开更多
Social vulnerability in this study represents the differences between the capacity to cope with natural hazards and disaster losses suffered within and between places.The assessment of social vulnerability has been re...Social vulnerability in this study represents the differences between the capacity to cope with natural hazards and disaster losses suffered within and between places.The assessment of social vulnerability has been recognized as a critical step in understanding natural hazard risks and enhancing effective response capabilities.This article presents an initial study of the social vulnerability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(B-T-H) Region in China.The goal is to replicate and test the applicability of the United States Social Vulnerability Index(So VI) method in a Chinese cultural context.Thirty-nine variables adapted from the So VI were collected in relation to two aspects:socioeconomic vulnerability and built environment vulnerability.Using factor analysis,seven factors were extracted from the variable set:the structure of social development,the level of economic and government financial strength,social justice and poverty,family structure,the intensity of space development,the status of residential housing and transportation,and building structure.Factor scores were summed to get the final So VI scores and the most and least vulnerable units were identified and mapped.The highest social vulnerability is concentrated in the northwest of the study area.The least socially vulnerable areas are mainly distributed in the Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang core urban peripheral and central city areas of the prefecture-level cities.The results show that this method is a useful tool for revealing places that have a high level of vulnerability,in other words,areas which are more likely to face significant challenges in coping with a large-scale event.These findings could provide a scientific basis for policy making and the implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation in China.展开更多
In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resi...In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resistance factor design （LRFD） specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and nonextreme live loads. Design against earthquake loads is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction （or increased scour depth）. Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation, because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based bridge failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle of treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. The individual and combined partial failure probabilities due to truck, earthquake and scour effects are described. To explain the method of including non-force-based natural hazards effects, two types of common scour failures are considered. In Part 11, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load are quantitatively discussed.展开更多
In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resi...In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resistance factor design （LRFD） specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and non-extreme live loads. Design against earthquake load effect is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction （or increased scour depth）. Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle for treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. In Part II, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load effect are quantitatively discussed. The key formulae of the conditional partial failure probabilities and the necessary conditions are established. In order to illustrate the methodology, an example of dead, truck, earthquake and scour effects on a simple bridge pile foundation is represented.展开更多
Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The exi...Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inad- equate human-aircraft-environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts＇ skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphi^taxonomic-associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree （AceiTree）, with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system （HFACS） to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to fac- tors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.展开更多
文摘The so-called occupational disease, in fact, refers to enterprises and institutions or individual workers, because in the daily process of employment, contact with radioactive substances or dust and other toxic and harmful substances, which will cause a certain degree of threat to their own health, forming a certain harm. Therefore, the disease type of occupational disease will often bring serious physical and mental trauma to the workers, and even cause great harm and impact on their families. To this end, this needs the relevant departments to cause enough attention. The detection and evaluation of occupational diseases is an important way to effectively avoid occupational diseases. For this reason, this paper mainly starts with the routine detection and evaluation of occupational-disease-inductive factors, and from the perspective of a new health investigation. In addition, by combining the 130 researcher cases selected from January 2019 to January 2021, the comprehensive field investigation in the detection and evaluation of occupational-disease-inductive factors is a more comprehensive and objective analysis.
基金Supported by Hainan Natural Fund Program (809058)Key Operation Suggestion Program of China Meteorological Bureau " Typhoon Disaster Risk Evaluation and Division"
文摘[Objective] The aim of this paper was to analyze the risks in the typhoon hazard factors in Hainan Island. [Method] Taking the theory and method of natural disasters evaluation as starting point and supporting point, and selecting Hainan province as the research target, where the typhoon disaster occurred relatively serious, based on the typhoon data during 1958-2008, with happening frequency of typhoon hazard-formative factors, maximum rainfall, potentially devastating effects of typhoon winds as evaluation indexes, the typhoon disaster risk evaluation index system and evaluation model were established. And by dint of GIS technique, Hainan island typhoon disaster risk zoning of hazard-formative factors and grading were prepared. [Result] Typhoon occurred frequently in Hainan and there were no certain rules of its annual changes. The monthly changes mainly happed during July to October. The highly dangerous area of typhoon mainly distributed in east coast area. The annual daily precipitation decreased from central mountainous area to the surroundings; typhoon hided in the destructive highly risked area in east, south and west area; low disastrous area occurred in the middle area; the risks of disastrous factors weakened from east area to west area. The distribution area of each level was that low dangerous area>mild dangerous area>highly dangerous area>secondary low dangerous area>highly dangerous area. [Conclusion] The study supplied scientific reference for the government in the united organization and direction of disaster relief work.
基金Supported by Phase II Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project of Hebei Province(HBCT2018120207)Key R&D Projects of Hebei Province(19227516D)Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products(2019TY003b)。
文摘The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide mass range,high resolution and mass measurement accuracy,high sensitivity and high analysis speed.In this paper,research progresses of TOF-MS on the detection of food additives,food contaminants and residues,illegal additives,pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues and mycotoxin were reviewed,and its probable approaching applications were prospected.
文摘Objective:To analyze the trends in occupational environmental hazardous factors and health damage,and to assess the degree of occupational health risks.Methods:A total of 1,733 occupational disease monitoring data points from workplaces collected by the Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected to evaluate occupational hazard factors and occupational health risk levels.Results:Over the three-year period,there were 525 monitoring samples for dust exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.71%(9/525);791 monitoring samples for noise exposure,with an exceedance rate of 4.42%(35/791);and 417 monitoring samples for chemical toxins(exogenous)exposure,with an exceedance rate of 1.68%(7/417).A comprehensive evaluation of exceedance factors revealed that high-risk factors included silica dust and benzene,classified as Level 4,while medium-risk factors encompassed manganese and xylene,including their compounds,classified as Level 3.Conclusion:After long-term monitoring of multiple workplaces in the city,it was found that there were certain occupational hazard factors,specifically involving dust or noise,as well as related factors of chemical toxins.Among these,silica dust and benzene posed the highest risks,while manganese and xylene also carried relatively high risks.It is necessary to strengthen occupational disease prevention and management to reduce the occurrence risks.
文摘Tibet is one of the areas with most serious geological hazards in China, and the distribution of disasters has obvious local charac teristics. Tibet can be classified as three parts through zoning the danger degree, the mountain canyon high danger zone of east and southeast Tibet, the plateau mountain lake basin and valley middle danger zone of south Tibet, and the Plateau Mountain lake basin low danger zone of south Tibet. This paper takes the debris flow, collapse, landslide as the key points to analyze the distribution characteristics of geological hazards, and analyze the factors which influence the distribution of geological hazards, such as terrain landform, formation lithology, geologic structure pattern, precipitation, earthquake, human activity and so on. finally, as a conclusion., in whole Tibet, the geological hazards are more in southeast than in northwest, more in mountainous area which in the edge of plateau and river valley than in the interior of plateau and lake basin. And most hazards distribute in the regions where human activity is stronger than in other regions, for example towns or strips along the highway.
基金Sponsored by Research Fund of Binzhou College(BZXYG1817)Ph.D. Startup Funding Project of Binzhou College(2016Y33)Experimental Technology Funding Project of Binzhou College(BZXYSYXM201816)
文摘In this paper, the status quo of safety production on construction sites and the hazardous and harmful factors in the construction process were analyzed, and corresponding suggestions were proposed to make up for the shortcomings of the safety production assurance system standards on construction sites.
文摘Hydraulic fracturing is one of the efficient means for the abundant low-permeability CBM （coal-bed methane） reserves in China, however, due to the unique features of coal seams （i.e., low temperature, strong adsorption and abnormal development of natural fracture systems） as compared with the conventional reservoirs, the fractures propagate is difficult and the risk of damage to coal seam itself and the hydraulic fractures would be extremely high in the course of fracturing. As a result, losses would be suffered on the post-frac production of CBM wells.With the mean of numerical simulation, in this paper, the main factors have impact on the post-frac results as well as the extent to which the impact is brought were researched, and the technical solutions for the improvement of the fracturing performance was put forwards.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401176,41201550,41201114)New Starting Point of Beijing Union University(No.ZK10201406,ZK10201302)+1 种基金Humanities and Social Science Key Research Base of Zhejiang Province(Applied Economics at Zhejiang Gongshang University)(No.JYTyyjj20130105)Incubation Programme of Great Wall Scholars of Beijing Municipal University&College(No.IDHT20130322)
文摘Social vulnerability in this study represents the differences between the capacity to cope with natural hazards and disaster losses suffered within and between places.The assessment of social vulnerability has been recognized as a critical step in understanding natural hazard risks and enhancing effective response capabilities.This article presents an initial study of the social vulnerability of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(B-T-H) Region in China.The goal is to replicate and test the applicability of the United States Social Vulnerability Index(So VI) method in a Chinese cultural context.Thirty-nine variables adapted from the So VI were collected in relation to two aspects:socioeconomic vulnerability and built environment vulnerability.Using factor analysis,seven factors were extracted from the variable set:the structure of social development,the level of economic and government financial strength,social justice and poverty,family structure,the intensity of space development,the status of residential housing and transportation,and building structure.Factor scores were summed to get the final So VI scores and the most and least vulnerable units were identified and mapped.The highest social vulnerability is concentrated in the northwest of the study area.The least socially vulnerable areas are mainly distributed in the Beijing,Tianjin and Shijiazhuang core urban peripheral and central city areas of the prefecture-level cities.The results show that this method is a useful tool for revealing places that have a high level of vulnerability,in other words,areas which are more likely to face significant challenges in coping with a large-scale event.These findings could provide a scientific basis for policy making and the implementation of disaster prevention and mitigation in China.
基金Federal Highway Administration at the University at Buffalo under Contract No. DTFH61-08-C-00012
文摘In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resistance factor design （LRFD） specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and nonextreme live loads. Design against earthquake loads is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction （or increased scour depth）. Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation, because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based bridge failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle of treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. The individual and combined partial failure probabilities due to truck, earthquake and scour effects are described. To explain the method of including non-force-based natural hazards effects, two types of common scour failures are considered. In Part 11, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load are quantitatively discussed.
基金Federal Highway Administration at the University at Buffalo under Contract Number DTFH61-08-C-00012
文摘In many regions of the world, a bridge will experience multiple extreme hazards during its expected service life. The current American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials （AASHTO） load and resistance factor design （LRFD） specifications are formulated based on failure probabilities, which are fully calibrated for dead load and non-extreme live loads. Design against earthquake load effect is established separately. Design against scour effect is also formulated separately by using the concept of capacity reduction （or increased scour depth）. Furthermore, scour effect cannot be linked directly to an LRFD limit state equation because the latter is formulated using force-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based procedure to estimate the combined hazard effects on bridges due to truck, earthquake and scour, by treating the effect of scour as an equivalent load effect so that it can be included in reliability-based failure calculations. In Part I of this series, the general principle for treating the scour depth as an equivalent load effect is presented. In Part II, the corresponding bridge failure probability, the occurrence of scour as well as simultaneously having both truck load and equivalent scour load effect are quantitatively discussed. The key formulae of the conditional partial failure probabilities and the necessary conditions are established. In order to illustrate the methodology, an example of dead, truck, earthquake and scour effects on a simple bridge pile foundation is represented.
基金co-supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (IRT0905)the Step Program of Beijing Key Laboratory (No. Z121104002812053)
文摘Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inad- equate human-aircraft-environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts＇ skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphi^taxonomic-associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree （AceiTree）, with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system （HFACS） to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to fac- tors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.
