Rechargeable zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes(HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environme...Rechargeable zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes(HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environmental friendliness, which is extremely important for wearable energy storage applications. Given that HEs play a critical role in building flexible RZIBs, it is urgent to summarize the recent advances in this field and elucidate the design principles of HEs for practical applications. This review systematically presents the development history, recent advances in the material fundamentals, functional designs, challenges, and prospects of the HEs-based RZIBs. Firstly, the fundamentals, species, and flexible mechanisms of HEs are discussed, along with their compatibility with Zn anodes and various cathodes. Then, the functional designs of hydrogel electrolytes in harsh conditions are comprehensively discussed, including high/low/wide-temperature windows, mechanical deformations(e.g., bending, twisting, and straining), and damages(e.g., cutting, burning, and soaking). Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for advancing HEs-based RZIBs are outlined.展开更多
Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications.These...Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications.These systems are equipped with battery-free operation,wireless connectivity,and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight.Such features enable the safe,real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices.Despite the exploration into diverse application environments,the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive,which hampers further optimization of these systems.This review,therefore,begins with an examination of application scenarios,progresses to evaluate current system architectures,and discusses the function of each component—specifically,the passive sensor module,the wireless communication model,and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing systems.Furthermore,we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios,derived from this systematic approach.By outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies,this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced,user-friendly applications.展开更多
This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities.A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the...This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities.A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the photographs by reducing truncations in the existing images.Furthermore,the collected images undergo processing using histogram gradients and a flexible threshold value that may be adjusted in specific situations.Thus,it is possible to reduce the occurrence of overlapping circumstances in collective picture characteristics by substituting grey-scale photos with colorized factors.The proposed method offers additional robust feature representations by imposing a limiting factor to reduce overall scattering values.This is achieved by visualizing a graphical function.Moreover,to derive valuable insights from a series of photos,both the separation and in-version processes are conducted.This involves analyzing comparison results across four different scenarios.The results of the comparative analysis show that the proposed method effectively reduces the difficulties associated with time and space to 1 s and 3%,respectively.In contrast,the existing strategy exhibits higher complexities of 3 s and 9.1%,respectively.展开更多
The development of novel piezoelectric catalysts against harsh conditions is indeed crucial for improving the piezo-catalytic degradation efficiency of colored organic dyes in wastewater.In this work,6H-SiC nanopartic...The development of novel piezoelectric catalysts against harsh conditions is indeed crucial for improving the piezo-catalytic degradation efficiency of colored organic dyes in wastewater.In this work,6H-SiC nanoparticles(NPs)are utilized to piezo-catalytic degrade rhodamine B(RhB)and methylene blue(MB)under ultrasonic vibration for the first time.The degradation efficiency of RhB and MB reaches 98.8%and 98.7%within 80 min.The piezoelectricity of 6H-SiC is comprehensively analyzed by the piezoresponse force microscope(PFM)and finite element method(FEM).The strong oxidizing active free radicals generated by the continuous piezoelectric polarized electric field of 6H-SiC,i.e.,·O_(2)^(-)and·OH,induce the decomposition reactions of colored organic dyes in solution.And the dyes are proven to degrade to harmless or less-harmful products gradually during the piezo-catalysis process by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS).Moreover,RhB is also decomposed efficiently by 6HSiC NPs under acidic and alkaline conditions.These results prove the feasibility of 6H-SiC for decomposing common water pollutants under harsh conditions and provide a new perspective for water purification.展开更多
New chemistries are being developed to increase the capacity and power of rechargeable batteries. However, the risk of safety issues increases when high-energy batteries using highly active materials encounter harsh o...New chemistries are being developed to increase the capacity and power of rechargeable batteries. However, the risk of safety issues increases when high-energy batteries using highly active materials encounter harsh operating conditions. Here we report on the synthesis of a unique ionogel electrolyte for abuse-tolerant lithium batteries. A hierarchically architected silica/polymer scaffold is designed and fabricated through a facile soft chemistry route, which is competent to confine ionic liquids with superior uptake ability (92.4 wt%). The monolithic ionogel exhibits high conductivity and thermal/mechanical stability, featuring high-temperature elastic modulus and dendrite-free lithium cycling. The Li/LiFePO_(4) pouch cells achieve outstanding cyclability at different temperatures up to 150 ℃, and can sustain cutting, crumpling, and even coupled thermal–mechanical abuses. Moreover, the solid-state lithium batteries with LiNi_(0.60)Co_(0.20)Mn_(0.20)O_(2), LiNi_(0.80)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_(2), and Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2) cathodes demonstrate excellent cycle performances at 60 ℃. These results indicate that the resilient and high-conductivity ionogel electrolyte is promising to realize high-performance lithium batteries with high energy density and safety.展开更多
Fundamental research and practical applications have examined the manipulation of gas bubbles on open surfaces in lowsurface-tension,high-pressure,and high-acidity,-alkalinity,or-salinity environments.However,to the b...Fundamental research and practical applications have examined the manipulation of gas bubbles on open surfaces in lowsurface-tension,high-pressure,and high-acidity,-alkalinity,or-salinity environments.However,to the best of our knowledge,effi cient and general approaches to achieve the smart manipulation of gas bubbles in these harsh environments are limited.Herein,a Fluorinert-infused shape-gradient slippery surface(FSSS)that could eff ectively regulate the behavior of gas bubbles in harsh environments was successfully fabricated.The unique capability of FSSS was mainly attributed to the properties of Fluorinert,which include chemical inertness and incompressibility.The shape-gradient morphology of FSSS could induce asymmetric driving forces to move gas bubbles directionally on open surfaces.Factors infl uencing gas bubble transport on FSSS,such as the apex angle of the slippery surface and the surface tension of the aqueous environment,were carefully investigated,and large apex angles were found to result in large initial transport velocities and short transport distances.Lowering the surface tension of the aqueous environment is unfavorable to bubble transport.Nevertheless,FSSS could transport gas bubbles in aqueous environments with surface tensions as low as 28.5±0.1 mN/m,which is lower than that of many organic solvents(e.g.,formamide,ethylene glycol,and dimethylformamide).In addition,FSSS could also realize the facile manipulation of gas bubbles in various aqueous environments,e.g.,high pressure(~6.8 atm),high acidity(1 mol/L H 2 SO 4),high alkalinity(1 mol/L NaOH),and high salinity(1 mol/L NaCl).The current fi ndings provide a source of knowledge and inspiration for studies on bubble-related interfacial phenomena and contribute to scientifi c and technological developments for controllable bubble manipulation in harsh environments.展开更多
Surface acoustic wave （SAW） sensors and micro-electromechanical system （MEMS） technology provide a promising solution for measurement in harsh environments such as gas turbines. In this paper, a SAW resonator （s...Surface acoustic wave （SAW） sensors and micro-electromechanical system （MEMS） technology provide a promising solution for measurement in harsh environments such as gas turbines. In this paper, a SAW resonator （size： 1107μm× 721 μm） based on the AlN/4H-SiC multilayer structure is designed and simulated. A MEMS-compatible fabrication process is employed to fabricate the resonator. The results show that highly c-axis-oriented AlN thin films deposited on the 4H-SiC substrate are obtained, with that the diffraction peak of AlN is 36.10° and the lowest full width at half maximum （FWHM） value is only 1.19°. The test results of the network analyzer are consistent with the simulation curve, which is very encouraging and indicates that our work is a significant attempt to solve the measurement problems mainly including high temperature stability of sensitive structures and the heat transmission of leads in harsh environments. It is essential to get the best performance of SAW resonator, optimize and characterize the behaviors in high temperatures in future research.展开更多
Under ultra-high-speed and harsh conditions,conventional control methods struggle to ensure the path tracking accuracy and driving stability of unmanned vehicles during the turning process.Therefore,this study propose...Under ultra-high-speed and harsh conditions,conventional control methods struggle to ensure the path tracking accuracy and driving stability of unmanned vehicles during the turning process.Therefore,this study proposes a cascade control to solve this problem.Based on the new vehicle error model that considers vehicle tire sideslip and road curvature,the feedforward-parametric adaptive linear quadratic regulator(LQR)and proportional integral control-based speed-keeping controllers are used to compose the path-tracking cascade optimization controller for unmanned vehicles.To improve the adaptability of the unmanned vehicle path-tracking control under harsh driving conditions,the LQR controller parameters are automatically adjusted using a back-propagation neural network,in which the initial weights and thresholds are optimized using the improved grey wolf optimization algorithm according to the driving conditions.The speed-keeping controller reduces the impact on the curve-tracking accuracy under nonlinear vehicle speed variations.Finally,a joint model of MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim was established,and simulations show that the proposed control method can achieve stable entry and exit curves at ultra-high speeds for unmanned vehicles.Under strong wind and ice road conditions,the method exhibits a higher tracking accuracy and is more adaptive and robust to external interference in driving and variable curvature roads than methods such as the feedforward-LQR,preview and pure pursuit controls.展开更多
The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the seismic response of buildings of typical reinforced concrete frames when concrete starts to deteriorate gradually and to make a comparison between the base shear and...The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the seismic response of buildings of typical reinforced concrete frames when concrete starts to deteriorate gradually and to make a comparison between the base shear and the displacement at different stages of earthquake loading. Typical 5, 15, 20 and 30-storey reinforced concrete frames have been designed for seismicity according to the recently adopted seismic code in Abu Dhabi, ACI 318-08/IBC 2009 code. A pushover analysis has been performed to these four buildings by using SAP 2000. Twenty-four models have been created (6 models for each building) by decreasing the concrete strength gradually from 4000 psi (281 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) to 1500 psi (105 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>). This is to simulate the effect of harsh environment on the strength of concrete in existing buildings.展开更多
Recently,reform on charges against dangerous driving has stirred up debate among the public.A new stipulation by China’s Supreme People’s court which took effect on May 1 granted judges the discretion to decide whet...Recently,reform on charges against dangerous driving has stirred up debate among the public.A new stipulation by China’s Supreme People’s court which took effect on May 1 granted judges the discretion to decide whether someone caught driving under the influence of alcohol should be held criminal responsible by taking into account how drunk the person is,road conditions and the seriousness of damages.展开更多
In many industries,there is a growing demand for semiconductor pressure sensors capable of operating in harsh environments with extremely high and low temperatures and high vibrations.Utilizing the piezoresistive effe...In many industries,there is a growing demand for semiconductor pressure sensors capable of operating in harsh environments with extremely high and low temperatures and high vibrations.Utilizing the piezoresistive effect of heavily doped N-type 4H-SiC,we proposed a family design of eight pressure sensor chip structures featuring different diaphragm shapes of circles and squares,along with different piezoresistor configurations.The 4H-SiC piezoresistive pressure sensor was developed using micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)technology and encapsulated in a leadless package structure via low-stress connection achieved by glass frit sintering.The 4H-SiC pressure sensor demonstrates impressive performance,exhibiting an accuracy of 0.18%FSO and a temperature tolerance range from−50 to 600°C,with a temperature coefficient of zero output as low as 0.08%/°C at 600°C.Furthermore,the developed sensor shows remarkable stability under conditions of high-temperature vibration coupling.The advancement of this family of 4H-SiC pressure sensors provides a promising solution for pressure measurement in harsh industrial environments.展开更多
Steel catenary riser represents the pioneering riser technology implemented in China’s deep-sea oil and gas opera-tions.Given the complex mechanical conditions of the riser,extensive research has been conducted on it...Steel catenary riser represents the pioneering riser technology implemented in China’s deep-sea oil and gas opera-tions.Given the complex mechanical conditions of the riser,extensive research has been conducted on its dynamic analysis and structural design.This study investigates a deep-sea oil and gas field by developing a coupled model of a semi-submersible platform and steel catenary riser to analyze it mechanical behavior under extreme marine condi-tions.Through multi-objective optimization methodology,the study compares and analyzes suspension point tension and touchdown point stress under various conditions by modifying the suspension position,suspension angle,and catenary length.The optimal configuration parameters were determined:a suspension angle of 12°,suspension position in the southwest direction of the column,and a catenary length of approximately 2000 m.These findings elucidate the impact of configuration parameters on riser dynamic response and establish reasonable parameter layout ranges for adverse sea conditions,offering valuable optimization strategies for steel catenary riser deployment in domestic deep-sea oil and gas fields.展开更多
Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)have emerged as a highly promising energy harvesting technology,attracting significant attention in recent years for their broad applications.Gel-based TENGs,with superior stretchabil...Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)have emerged as a highly promising energy harvesting technology,attracting significant attention in recent years for their broad applications.Gel-based TENGs,with superior stretchability and sensitivity,have been widely reported as wearable sensors.However,the traditional hydrogel-based TENGs suffer from freezing at low temperatures and drying at high temperatures,resulting in malfunctions.In this study,we introduce an anti-freezing eutectogel,which uses a deep eutectic solvent(DES),to improve the stability and electrical conductivity of TENGs in harsh environmental conditions.The eutectogel-based TENG(E-TENG)produces an open-circuit voltage of 776 V,a short-circuit current of 1.54μA,and a maximum peak power of 1.1 mW.Moreover,the E-TENG exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with an elongation at a break of 476%under tension.Importantly,it maintains impressive performances across a wide temperature range from−18 to 60℃,with conductivities of 2.15 S/m at−10℃and 1.75 S/m at−18℃.Based on the excellent weight stability of the E-TENG sensor,motion sensing can be achieved in the air,and even underwater.Finally,the versatility of the E-TENG can serve as a wearable sensor,by integrating it with Bluetooth technology.The self-powered E-TENG can monitor various human motion signals in real-time and send the health signals directly to mobile phones.This research paves a new road for the applications of TENGs in harsh environments,offering wireless flexible sensors with real-time health signal monitoring capabilities.展开更多
1 The Inuit's remarkable ability to thrive(蓬勃发展)in one of Earth's toughest environments hasn't happened by chance.Their complex system of traditions,passed down through countless generations,represents...1 The Inuit's remarkable ability to thrive(蓬勃发展)in one of Earth's toughest environments hasn't happened by chance.Their complex system of traditions,passed down through countless generations,represents far more than mere survival strategies-it's a highly developed blueprint for living in harmony with the Arctic's unforgiving landscape.展开更多
Blades are important parts of rotating machinery such as marine gas turbines and wind turbines,which are exposed to harsh environments during mechanical operations,including centrifugal loads,aerodynamic forces,or hig...Blades are important parts of rotating machinery such as marine gas turbines and wind turbines,which are exposed to harsh environments during mechanical operations,including centrifugal loads,aerodynamic forces,or high temperatures.These demanding working conditions considerably influence the dynamic performance of blades.Therefore,because of the challenges posed by blades in complex working environments,in-depth research and optimization are necessary to ensure that blades can operate safely and efficiently,thus guaranteeing the reliability and performance of mechanical systems.Focusing on the vibration analysis of blades in rotating machinery,this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on the research advancements in vibration modeling and structural optimization of blades under complex operational conditions.First,the paper outlines the development of several modeling theories for rotating blades,including one-dimensional beam theory,two-dimensional plate-shell theory,and three-dimensional solid theory.Second,the research progress in the vibrational analysis of blades under aerodynamic loads,thermal environments,and crack factors is separately discussed.Finally,the developments in rotating blade structural optimization are presented from material optimization and shape optimization perspectives.The methodology and theory of analyzing and optimizing blade vibration characteristics under multifactorial operating conditions are comprehensively outlined,aiming to assist future researchers in proposing more effective and practical approaches for the vibration analysis and optimization of blades.展开更多
岩石破碎作为采矿业中获取有价值矿物的关键环节,其效率与安全性对整个采矿过程至关重要。然而,露天采矿往往面临复杂多变的恶劣环境条件,如极端气候、光照不足、粉尘弥漫等,这些因素不仅显著降低了岩石破碎的效率,还大幅增加了发生安...岩石破碎作为采矿业中获取有价值矿物的关键环节,其效率与安全性对整个采矿过程至关重要。然而,露天采矿往往面临复杂多变的恶劣环境条件,如极端气候、光照不足、粉尘弥漫等,这些因素不仅显著降低了岩石破碎的效率,还大幅增加了发生安全事故的概率。在此背景下,本文提出一种基于改进YOLOv8n(You Only Look Once)的恶劣环境下岩石检测方法。该方法的核心之处在于:一是在YOLOv8n的主干网络的浅层引入差分边缘增强模块(Detail Enhancement,DE),通过增强检测目标的边缘信息,有效突出岩石在复杂背景中的轮廓特征;二是通过矩阵化颜色校正模块(Matrix-based Color Correction,MCC),构建全局颜色变换矩阵,对输入特征图进行全局颜色变换与局部细节优化,进一步提升特征表达的鲁棒性与准确性。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够显著提升恶劣环境下的岩石检测精度,为露天采矿中的岩石破碎作业提供了一种高效、可靠的检测技术。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22379038)Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department (JZX2024015)+4 种基金Shijiazhuang Science and Technology Plan Project (241791357A)Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Funds Project (246Z4408G)Excellent Youth Research Innovation Team of Hebei University (QNTD202410)High-level Talents Research Start-Up Project of Hebei University (521100224223)Hebei Province Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan Project (22567620H)。
文摘Rechargeable zinc(Zn)-ion batteries(RZIBs) with hydrogel electrolytes(HEs) have gained significant attention in the last decade owing to their high safety, low cost, sufficient material abundance, and superb environmental friendliness, which is extremely important for wearable energy storage applications. Given that HEs play a critical role in building flexible RZIBs, it is urgent to summarize the recent advances in this field and elucidate the design principles of HEs for practical applications. This review systematically presents the development history, recent advances in the material fundamentals, functional designs, challenges, and prospects of the HEs-based RZIBs. Firstly, the fundamentals, species, and flexible mechanisms of HEs are discussed, along with their compatibility with Zn anodes and various cathodes. Then, the functional designs of hydrogel electrolytes in harsh conditions are comprehensively discussed, including high/low/wide-temperature windows, mechanical deformations(e.g., bending, twisting, and straining), and damages(e.g., cutting, burning, and soaking). Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives for advancing HEs-based RZIBs are outlined.
基金partially supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2018R1A6A1A03025242)by the Korea government(MIST)(RS-2023-00302751,RS-2024-00343686)the Research Grant of Kwangwoon University in 2024。
文摘Recent advancements in passive wireless sensor technology have significantly extended the application scope of sensing,particularly in challenging environments for monitoring industry and healthcare applications.These systems are equipped with battery-free operation,wireless connectivity,and are designed to be both miniaturized and lightweight.Such features enable the safe,real-time monitoring of industrial environments and support high-precision physiological measurements in confined internal body spaces and on wearable epidermal devices.Despite the exploration into diverse application environments,the development of a systematic and comprehensive research framework for system architecture remains elusive,which hampers further optimization of these systems.This review,therefore,begins with an examination of application scenarios,progresses to evaluate current system architectures,and discusses the function of each component—specifically,the passive sensor module,the wireless communication model,and the readout module—within the context of key implementations in target sensing systems.Furthermore,we present case studies that demonstrate the feasibility of proposed classified components for sensing scenarios,derived from this systematic approach.By outlining a research trajectory for the application of passive wireless systems in sensing technologies,this paper aims to establish a foundation for more advanced,user-friendly applications.
基金financially supported by Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORF-2025-846),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘This research investigates the application of digital images in military contexts by utilizing analytical equations to augment human visual capabilities.A comparable filter is used to improve the visual quality of the photographs by reducing truncations in the existing images.Furthermore,the collected images undergo processing using histogram gradients and a flexible threshold value that may be adjusted in specific situations.Thus,it is possible to reduce the occurrence of overlapping circumstances in collective picture characteristics by substituting grey-scale photos with colorized factors.The proposed method offers additional robust feature representations by imposing a limiting factor to reduce overall scattering values.This is achieved by visualizing a graphical function.Moreover,to derive valuable insights from a series of photos,both the separation and in-version processes are conducted.This involves analyzing comparison results across four different scenarios.The results of the comparative analysis show that the proposed method effectively reduces the difficulties associated with time and space to 1 s and 3%,respectively.In contrast,the existing strategy exhibits higher complexities of 3 s and 9.1%,respectively.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51902020,51974021 and 52250091)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-20-02C2)the State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-cycle Safety for Composite Structures,Guangxi University(No.2021GXYSOF12)the Interdisciplinary Research Project for Young Teachers of USTB(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)(No.FRF-IDRY-21-028)。
文摘The development of novel piezoelectric catalysts against harsh conditions is indeed crucial for improving the piezo-catalytic degradation efficiency of colored organic dyes in wastewater.In this work,6H-SiC nanoparticles(NPs)are utilized to piezo-catalytic degrade rhodamine B(RhB)and methylene blue(MB)under ultrasonic vibration for the first time.The degradation efficiency of RhB and MB reaches 98.8%and 98.7%within 80 min.The piezoelectricity of 6H-SiC is comprehensively analyzed by the piezoresponse force microscope(PFM)and finite element method(FEM).The strong oxidizing active free radicals generated by the continuous piezoelectric polarized electric field of 6H-SiC,i.e.,·O_(2)^(-)and·OH,induce the decomposition reactions of colored organic dyes in solution.And the dyes are proven to degrade to harmless or less-harmful products gradually during the piezo-catalysis process by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS).Moreover,RhB is also decomposed efficiently by 6HSiC NPs under acidic and alkaline conditions.These results prove the feasibility of 6H-SiC for decomposing common water pollutants under harsh conditions and provide a new perspective for water purification.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51972132.51772116 and 52002141)the Program for HUST Academic Frontier Youth Team(2016QYTD04).The authors thank the Analytical and Testing Center of HUST for DMA,TGA measurements,etc.
文摘New chemistries are being developed to increase the capacity and power of rechargeable batteries. However, the risk of safety issues increases when high-energy batteries using highly active materials encounter harsh operating conditions. Here we report on the synthesis of a unique ionogel electrolyte for abuse-tolerant lithium batteries. A hierarchically architected silica/polymer scaffold is designed and fabricated through a facile soft chemistry route, which is competent to confine ionic liquids with superior uptake ability (92.4 wt%). The monolithic ionogel exhibits high conductivity and thermal/mechanical stability, featuring high-temperature elastic modulus and dendrite-free lithium cycling. The Li/LiFePO_(4) pouch cells achieve outstanding cyclability at different temperatures up to 150 ℃, and can sustain cutting, crumpling, and even coupled thermal–mechanical abuses. Moreover, the solid-state lithium batteries with LiNi_(0.60)Co_(0.20)Mn_(0.20)O_(2), LiNi_(0.80)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)O_(2), and Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2) cathodes demonstrate excellent cycle performances at 60 ℃. These results indicate that the resilient and high-conductivity ionogel electrolyte is promising to realize high-performance lithium batteries with high energy density and safety.
基金supported by the Beihang University’s Young Talents(No.KG16045301)the National Natural Science Foundation(No.21805204)+1 种基金Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.19JCQNJC05100)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Tianjin(No.TJSQNTJ-2018-17).
文摘Fundamental research and practical applications have examined the manipulation of gas bubbles on open surfaces in lowsurface-tension,high-pressure,and high-acidity,-alkalinity,or-salinity environments.However,to the best of our knowledge,effi cient and general approaches to achieve the smart manipulation of gas bubbles in these harsh environments are limited.Herein,a Fluorinert-infused shape-gradient slippery surface(FSSS)that could eff ectively regulate the behavior of gas bubbles in harsh environments was successfully fabricated.The unique capability of FSSS was mainly attributed to the properties of Fluorinert,which include chemical inertness and incompressibility.The shape-gradient morphology of FSSS could induce asymmetric driving forces to move gas bubbles directionally on open surfaces.Factors infl uencing gas bubble transport on FSSS,such as the apex angle of the slippery surface and the surface tension of the aqueous environment,were carefully investigated,and large apex angles were found to result in large initial transport velocities and short transport distances.Lowering the surface tension of the aqueous environment is unfavorable to bubble transport.Nevertheless,FSSS could transport gas bubbles in aqueous environments with surface tensions as low as 28.5±0.1 mN/m,which is lower than that of many organic solvents(e.g.,formamide,ethylene glycol,and dimethylformamide).In addition,FSSS could also realize the facile manipulation of gas bubbles in various aqueous environments,e.g.,high pressure(~6.8 atm),high acidity(1 mol/L H 2 SO 4),high alkalinity(1 mol/L NaOH),and high salinity(1 mol/L NaCl).The current fi ndings provide a source of knowledge and inspiration for studies on bubble-related interfacial phenomena and contribute to scientifi c and technological developments for controllable bubble manipulation in harsh environments.
基金Project supported by the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program(No.20131089351),China
文摘Surface acoustic wave （SAW） sensors and micro-electromechanical system （MEMS） technology provide a promising solution for measurement in harsh environments such as gas turbines. In this paper, a SAW resonator （size： 1107μm× 721 μm） based on the AlN/4H-SiC multilayer structure is designed and simulated. A MEMS-compatible fabrication process is employed to fabricate the resonator. The results show that highly c-axis-oriented AlN thin films deposited on the 4H-SiC substrate are obtained, with that the diffraction peak of AlN is 36.10° and the lowest full width at half maximum （FWHM） value is only 1.19°. The test results of the network analyzer are consistent with the simulation curve, which is very encouraging and indicates that our work is a significant attempt to solve the measurement problems mainly including high temperature stability of sensitive structures and the heat transmission of leads in harsh environments. It is essential to get the best performance of SAW resonator, optimize and characterize the behaviors in high temperatures in future research.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2020GXNSFDA238011)the Open Fund Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automation Detection Technology and Instrument(No.YQ21203)the Independent Research Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Auto Parts and Vehicle Technology(No.2020GKLACVTZZ02)。
文摘Under ultra-high-speed and harsh conditions,conventional control methods struggle to ensure the path tracking accuracy and driving stability of unmanned vehicles during the turning process.Therefore,this study proposes a cascade control to solve this problem.Based on the new vehicle error model that considers vehicle tire sideslip and road curvature,the feedforward-parametric adaptive linear quadratic regulator(LQR)and proportional integral control-based speed-keeping controllers are used to compose the path-tracking cascade optimization controller for unmanned vehicles.To improve the adaptability of the unmanned vehicle path-tracking control under harsh driving conditions,the LQR controller parameters are automatically adjusted using a back-propagation neural network,in which the initial weights and thresholds are optimized using the improved grey wolf optimization algorithm according to the driving conditions.The speed-keeping controller reduces the impact on the curve-tracking accuracy under nonlinear vehicle speed variations.Finally,a joint model of MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim was established,and simulations show that the proposed control method can achieve stable entry and exit curves at ultra-high speeds for unmanned vehicles.Under strong wind and ice road conditions,the method exhibits a higher tracking accuracy and is more adaptive and robust to external interference in driving and variable curvature roads than methods such as the feedforward-LQR,preview and pure pursuit controls.
文摘The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the seismic response of buildings of typical reinforced concrete frames when concrete starts to deteriorate gradually and to make a comparison between the base shear and the displacement at different stages of earthquake loading. Typical 5, 15, 20 and 30-storey reinforced concrete frames have been designed for seismicity according to the recently adopted seismic code in Abu Dhabi, ACI 318-08/IBC 2009 code. A pushover analysis has been performed to these four buildings by using SAP 2000. Twenty-four models have been created (6 models for each building) by decreasing the concrete strength gradually from 4000 psi (281 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) to 1500 psi (105 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>). This is to simulate the effect of harsh environment on the strength of concrete in existing buildings.
文摘Recently,reform on charges against dangerous driving has stirred up debate among the public.A new stipulation by China’s Supreme People’s court which took effect on May 1 granted judges the discretion to decide whether someone caught driving under the influence of alcohol should be held criminal responsible by taking into account how drunk the person is,road conditions and the seriousness of damages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62401451,62131017)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZB20230584)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M762579)。
文摘In many industries,there is a growing demand for semiconductor pressure sensors capable of operating in harsh environments with extremely high and low temperatures and high vibrations.Utilizing the piezoresistive effect of heavily doped N-type 4H-SiC,we proposed a family design of eight pressure sensor chip structures featuring different diaphragm shapes of circles and squares,along with different piezoresistor configurations.The 4H-SiC piezoresistive pressure sensor was developed using micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS)technology and encapsulated in a leadless package structure via low-stress connection achieved by glass frit sintering.The 4H-SiC pressure sensor demonstrates impressive performance,exhibiting an accuracy of 0.18%FSO and a temperature tolerance range from−50 to 600°C,with a temperature coefficient of zero output as low as 0.08%/°C at 600°C.Furthermore,the developed sensor shows remarkable stability under conditions of high-temperature vibration coupling.The advancement of this family of 4H-SiC pressure sensors provides a promising solution for pressure measurement in harsh industrial environments.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2806100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U22B20126 and 52374020)+1 种基金Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(Grant No.2462025QNXZ009)Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.20250484913).
文摘Steel catenary riser represents the pioneering riser technology implemented in China’s deep-sea oil and gas opera-tions.Given the complex mechanical conditions of the riser,extensive research has been conducted on its dynamic analysis and structural design.This study investigates a deep-sea oil and gas field by developing a coupled model of a semi-submersible platform and steel catenary riser to analyze it mechanical behavior under extreme marine condi-tions.Through multi-objective optimization methodology,the study compares and analyzes suspension point tension and touchdown point stress under various conditions by modifying the suspension position,suspension angle,and catenary length.The optimal configuration parameters were determined:a suspension angle of 12°,suspension position in the southwest direction of the column,and a catenary length of approximately 2000 m.These findings elucidate the impact of configuration parameters on riser dynamic response and establish reasonable parameter layout ranges for adverse sea conditions,offering valuable optimization strategies for steel catenary riser deployment in domestic deep-sea oil and gas fields.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.ZR2021QE043)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101390 and 52331004)the Open Project of Key Lab of Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education,Henan University(No.KFKT-2022-11).
文摘Triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)have emerged as a highly promising energy harvesting technology,attracting significant attention in recent years for their broad applications.Gel-based TENGs,with superior stretchability and sensitivity,have been widely reported as wearable sensors.However,the traditional hydrogel-based TENGs suffer from freezing at low temperatures and drying at high temperatures,resulting in malfunctions.In this study,we introduce an anti-freezing eutectogel,which uses a deep eutectic solvent(DES),to improve the stability and electrical conductivity of TENGs in harsh environmental conditions.The eutectogel-based TENG(E-TENG)produces an open-circuit voltage of 776 V,a short-circuit current of 1.54μA,and a maximum peak power of 1.1 mW.Moreover,the E-TENG exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with an elongation at a break of 476%under tension.Importantly,it maintains impressive performances across a wide temperature range from−18 to 60℃,with conductivities of 2.15 S/m at−10℃and 1.75 S/m at−18℃.Based on the excellent weight stability of the E-TENG sensor,motion sensing can be achieved in the air,and even underwater.Finally,the versatility of the E-TENG can serve as a wearable sensor,by integrating it with Bluetooth technology.The self-powered E-TENG can monitor various human motion signals in real-time and send the health signals directly to mobile phones.This research paves a new road for the applications of TENGs in harsh environments,offering wireless flexible sensors with real-time health signal monitoring capabilities.
文摘1 The Inuit's remarkable ability to thrive(蓬勃发展)in one of Earth's toughest environments hasn't happened by chance.Their complex system of traditions,passed down through countless generations,represents far more than mere survival strategies-it's a highly developed blueprint for living in harmony with the Arctic's unforgiving landscape.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52271309Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China under Grant No.YQ2022E104.
文摘Blades are important parts of rotating machinery such as marine gas turbines and wind turbines,which are exposed to harsh environments during mechanical operations,including centrifugal loads,aerodynamic forces,or high temperatures.These demanding working conditions considerably influence the dynamic performance of blades.Therefore,because of the challenges posed by blades in complex working environments,in-depth research and optimization are necessary to ensure that blades can operate safely and efficiently,thus guaranteeing the reliability and performance of mechanical systems.Focusing on the vibration analysis of blades in rotating machinery,this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on the research advancements in vibration modeling and structural optimization of blades under complex operational conditions.First,the paper outlines the development of several modeling theories for rotating blades,including one-dimensional beam theory,two-dimensional plate-shell theory,and three-dimensional solid theory.Second,the research progress in the vibrational analysis of blades under aerodynamic loads,thermal environments,and crack factors is separately discussed.Finally,the developments in rotating blade structural optimization are presented from material optimization and shape optimization perspectives.The methodology and theory of analyzing and optimizing blade vibration characteristics under multifactorial operating conditions are comprehensively outlined,aiming to assist future researchers in proposing more effective and practical approaches for the vibration analysis and optimization of blades.
文摘岩石破碎作为采矿业中获取有价值矿物的关键环节,其效率与安全性对整个采矿过程至关重要。然而,露天采矿往往面临复杂多变的恶劣环境条件,如极端气候、光照不足、粉尘弥漫等,这些因素不仅显著降低了岩石破碎的效率,还大幅增加了发生安全事故的概率。在此背景下,本文提出一种基于改进YOLOv8n(You Only Look Once)的恶劣环境下岩石检测方法。该方法的核心之处在于:一是在YOLOv8n的主干网络的浅层引入差分边缘增强模块(Detail Enhancement,DE),通过增强检测目标的边缘信息,有效突出岩石在复杂背景中的轮廓特征;二是通过矩阵化颜色校正模块(Matrix-based Color Correction,MCC),构建全局颜色变换矩阵,对输入特征图进行全局颜色变换与局部细节优化,进一步提升特征表达的鲁棒性与准确性。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法能够显著提升恶劣环境下的岩石检测精度,为露天采矿中的岩石破碎作业提供了一种高效、可靠的检测技术。
